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Von Demmin Nach Bonn: Leben Und Wirken Von MARGARETHE KOENIG (1865–1943)

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Von Demmin Nach Bonn: Leben Und Wirken Von MARGARETHE KOENIG (1865–1943) KOENIGIANA Band 5 (2) (2011) 71–86 Bonn, Dezember 2011 ISSN 0934-2788 Von Demmin nach Bonn: Leben und Wirken von MARGARETHE KOENIG (1865–1943) RAINER HUTTERER Einleitung „Hinter jedem erfolgreichen Mann steht ei- auch in der Wissenschaft Fuß zu fassen (DO- ne starke Frau“; dieses bekannte Bonmot NATH 2002). In der Darstellung der Grün- trifft für MARGARETHE KOENIG sicherlich zu. Ihr dungsgeschichte des Museums verblasst die Mann ALEXANDER KOENIG (1858–1940) sah das Rolle von MARGARETHE KOENIG nach und nach übrigens selbst so und war in dieser Hinsicht bis zur Unkenntlichkeit. Das ist bis heute so; manchem Zeitgenossen voraus. Die Ver- weder in dem historischen Standardwerk dienste seiner „treuen Lebensgefährtin“ von GEBHARDT (1964) noch in einem aktuel- (KOENIG 1938) hat er mehrfach gebührend len Wikipedia-Beitrag über ALEXANDER KOENIG erwähnt. So schrieb er in einem Bericht über (ANONYMUS 2011) wird seine Frau erwähnt. ihre Reisen in Algerien (KOENIG 1895): „Wie Grund genug, das Leben von MARGARETHE auf allen meinen vorigen Reisen hat mich KOENIG und ihren Beitrag zur Entstehung des auch diesmal wieder meine Frau begleitet Museums Koenig hier einmal genauer zu be- und mich wesentlich in meinen Forschungen trachten. unterstützt“, und dieser Tenor zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch sein Werk. In 56 ge- meinsamen Ehejahren erlebten beide meh- Familiärer Hintergrund rere historische Epochen: die Kaiserzeit, den Ersten Weltkrieg, die Weimarer Republik, das MARGARETHE KOENIG (geb. WESTPHAL) wurde Dritte Reich und den Beginn des Zweiten am 3. September 1865 in Demmin in Vor- Weltkrieges, und sie führten viele gemein- pommern (heute: Mecklenburg-Vorpom- same Forschungsreisen durch, von Spitzber- mern) geboren. Ihr Vater, der Kaufmann JO- gen im Norden bis in die Nil-Sümpfe des HANN FRIEDRICH ADOLPH WESTPHAL (1832– Südsudan. Bis an ihr Lebensende arbeiteten 1875?), starb noch vor ihrer Volljährigkeit, beide unermüdlich für den Erhalt ihres Le- so dass ihre Mutter MARIE WESTPHAL geb. benswerkes, des heutigen Zoologischen MÜLLER (1838–1912) die Tochter und zwei Forschungsmuseums Alexander Koenig. Söhne, KARL (vor 1865 geb.) und FRANZ (1867–1927), mit Hilfe des Großvaters CHRIS- In der Wiederaufbauphase nach dem Zwei- TIAN MÜLLER (1805–1895) großziehen muss- ten Weltkrieg bestimmten überwiegend te. Dieser hatte in Demmin eine Eisengieße- Männer die weitere Entwicklung des For- rei und eine Fabrik für landwirtschaftliche schungsmuseums in Bonn. Die konservative Maschinen gegründet und diese später an Politik der Regierung ADENAUER und die per- seinen jüngsten Sohn ERNST (1852–?) über- sonelle Kontinuität ehemaliger Parteigenos- geben, der als „Onkel ERNST“ für MARGARE- sen in öffentlichen Einrichtungen (SCHÜRING THE eine wichtige Rolle in der Familie spiel- 2006) trugen dazu bei, dass Frauen es te. Weitere Kinder des Großvaters waren schwer hatten, im Berufsleben und damit HERMANN (Oberzollrat in Kiel), FRANZ (Gymna- 72 RAINER HUTTERER Abb. 1. Marktplatz von Demmin mit der St. Bartholomaei-Kirche und dem Rathaus (Postkarte von 1919). siallehrer und Altphilologe in Quedlinburg), Namensvielfalt sowie vier Töchter, deren Namen nicht über- liefert sind. MARGARETHE wuchs in Demmin In amtlichen Dokumenten und in der Lite- auf und besuchte dort u. a. die höhere Pri- ratur findet man MARGARETHEs Vornamen in vat-Töchterschule von MARIE STEINMETZ, der drei Schreibweisen. In zwei Auszügen aus Tochter eines evangelischen Pastors. dem Kirchenbuch des Evangelischen Pfarr- amtes Demmin von 1918 und 1939 (Landes- Demmin war zu dieser Zeit eine Kleinstadt archiv NRW, Bestand NW 223, Nr. 167) wird mit etwa 8.000 Einwohnern und einigen ge- jeweils bestätigt, dass sie am 17. Oktober werblichen Betrieben, Schulen, Handwer- 1865 in der St. Bartholomaei-Kirche auf den kern, Militärs, Landwirten und Großgrund- Namen MARGARETE HERMINE bzw. MARGARETHA besitzern. Das Zentrum der Stadt wurde vom HERMINE getauft wurde. In der Heiratsurkun- Rathaus und der evangelischen Kirche be- de vom 16. Juli 1884 steht ihr Name dann herrscht (Abb. 1). Die medizinische Versor- als MARGARETHE HERMINE WESTPHAL. Ihre einzi- gung war schlecht; noch 1866, ein Jahr nach ge gedruckte Schrift (M. KOENIG ca. 1891, der Geburt MARGARETHEs, starben in der Stadt Reiseskizzen aus Tunis) zeichnete sie als MAR- 618 Menschen an der Cholera (KARGE 1990). GARETE; danach führte sie konsequent bis Seit dem 1. Januar 1878 war Demmin voll- zum Lebensende den Namen MARGARETHE ständig an die Eisenbahnlinie Berlin-Stral- KOENIG. sund angeschlossen (BLEY 2002) und damit leichter erreichbar, so auch zwei Jahre spä- ter für den Studenten ALEXANDER KOENIG. Leben und Wirken von MARGARETHE KOENIG (1865–1943) 73 Begegnung mit ALEXANDER KOENIG ALEXANDER war eigentlich im Januar 1881 nach Demmin gekommen, um nach einer Im Frühjahr 1881 begegnete die 16jährige unglücklich verlaufenen Schulzeit (KOENIG MARGARETHE beim Spaziergang mit Freundin- o.J.) seine letzte Chance wahrzunehmen, nen im Devener Holz, einem Wäldchen und das Abitur nachzuholen, denn er hatte ja be- beliebten Ausflugsziel bei Demmin, dem Stu- reits mit dem Studium in Greifswald begon- denten ALEXANDER KOENIG, Sohn des St. Pe- nen. Um das gesteckte Ziel zu erreichen, hat- tersburger Zuckerfabrikanten LEOPOLD KOENIG te er sich vorgenommen, „die Zähne aufei- und seiner Frau KAROLINE (OESL & HUTTERER nanderzubeißen“ und sogar ein Gelübde ab- 1997). Für ihn war es Liebe auf den ersten gelegt, die ganze Zeit in Demmin nicht zur Blick (KOENIG 1938: 337): „Aus dem edel-ge- Jagd zu gehen, und deshalb sein geliebtes schnittenen, Energie verratenden Gesichte Lefaucheux-Gewehr in Bonn zurückgelassen leuchteten zwei große, himmelblaue, aus- (KOENIG 1938). Nun verdrehte ihm ein jun- drucksvolle Augen, die eine unschuldige, ges Mädchen aus Demmin den Kopf und aber fest umrissene Seele wiederspiegelten. hielt ihn vom Lernen ab. Im Sommer mach- In diese Augen hineinzusehen war mein te er einen Antrittsbesuch bei der Mutter Höchstes, was mir beschieden werden konn- MARIE WESTPHAL, der offenbar zufriedenstel- te.“ ALEXANDER war von dem jungen Mäd- lend verlief. „Nach Beginn des Wintersemes- chen (Abb. 2) fasziniert und unternahm al- ters 1881/82 nahmen meine Beziehungen lerhand, um ihre Bekanntschaft zu machen. zu Margarethe Westphal festumrissenere Li- Auf täglichen Spaziergängen suchte er ihre nien an. Meine Besuche im Hause der Mut- Nähe, oder er schickte kleine Aufmerksam- ter mehrten sich. Ich mußte schließlich mein keiten. Zu MARGARETHEs Konfirmation am Gretchen alle Tage sehen und verbrachte Palmsonntag 1881 schickte er ihr ein Glück- wonnevolle Stunden mir ihr.“ (KOENIG 1938: wunschtelegramm aus Bonn. 342). Auch der Großvater CHRISTIAN MÜLLER, ein in Demmin hoch angesehener Fabrikant, musste überzeugt werden. Er wohnte zu- sammen mit seiner Hausdame MARIE SCHLAA- GE in der Anklamer Straße (heute Breitscheid- Straße) mit Blick auf das Luisentor. Er war sehr streng und versicherte sich des Ernstes und der Aufrichtigkeit von ALEXANDERs Emp- findungen zu seiner Enkelin, da ihn sonst „sein Fluch bis in sein Grab hinein verfolgen würde“ (KOENIG 1938: 342). Wie den zum Teil erhaltenen Tagebüchern von ALEXANDER und MARGARETHE zu entneh- men ist, gab es schon Anfang 1882 in dem kleinen Ort allerhand Tratsch über den aus- wärtigen Studenten und das junge Mäd- chen. MARGARETHE ging daher offenbar mit Rücksicht auf das Gerede der Nachbarn, den strengen Großvater und die Mutter immer wieder auf Distanz, was ALEXANDER mehrfach zur Verzweiflung trieb. Am 2. Januar 1882 schrieb er in sein Tagebuch: „Frau Schlaage Abb. 2. MARGARETHE WESTPHAL im Alter von 17 sagt mir, daß Gretchen mich bitten läßt, Jahren (aus KOENIG 1938). nicht so oft zu ihr hinzukommen – es wür- 74 RAINER HUTTERER de in der Stadt einmal wieder zu schreckli- Furcht vor dem skeptischen Urteil seines Va- ches Zeug geklatscht. Alle paßten auf, ters. Aber seine Mutter nahm die Nachricht wenn ich dorthin ginge.“ Und am 3. Janu- voller Freude auf, und auch der Vater ar: „Mit den Gedanken an Gretchen ging ich stimmte, nach schnell eingeholter Auskunft gestern zu Bett, mit den Gedanken an Gret- über die Familie WESTPHAL, der Wahl seines chen stehe ich wieder auf.“ MARGARETHE Sohnes zu. Die offizielle Bekanntgabe der wollte natürlich auch Gewissheit über seine Verlobung war für den 20. Januar geplant, Empfindungen haben. Zugleich hatte sie ei- doch konnten die Eltern LEOPOLD und KARO- nen trotzköpfigen Charakterzug, den sie LINE KOENIG, die sich bereits wieder auf den Jahre lang versuchte abzulegen. Für ALEXAN- KOENIGschen Gütern in der Ukraine aufhiel- DER stand von Anfang an fest, dass er diese ten, nicht so schnell anreisen. Die Verlobung junge Frau heiraten wollte. Sein fehlender wurde dann vier Wochen später, am 20. Feb- Schulabschluss stand dem allerdings im ruar 1883, in Berlin im Hotel Royal während Wege. Er nahm deshalb noch einmal alle eines Familientreffens bekanntgegeben. In Kräfte zusammen, holte den Lernstoff für die Bonn ließen sie sich im Studio von JOHANNES Prüfungsfächer nach und hatte am 18. März SCHAFGANS fotografieren (Abb. 3). 1882 endlich das Abiturzeugnis in der Ta- sche. Seine Freude war unbeschreiblich, und er notierte: „Meinem Gretchen aber drück- Hochzeit und erste Ehejahre te ich in voller Glückseligkeit einen besie- gelnden Kuß auf ihre Lippen.“ (KOENIG Nach zweijähriger Verlobungszeit in Demmin 1938: 340). und Bonn heirateten beide standesamtlich am 16. Juli 1884 in Demmin; die Trauung Beide verlobten sich heimlich in Demmin. fand am 18. Juli 1884 in der Dorotheenstäd- ALEXANDER
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