EUSIEL SILVA DO REGO Fernando Sor E As Transcrições Opus 19 Para

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EUSIEL SILVA DO REGO Fernando Sor E As Transcrições Opus 19 Para EUSIEL SILVA DO REGO Fernando Sor e as transcrições Opus 19 para violão de Seis árias escolhidas de A flauta mágica de Mozart: uma abordagem estético-analítica São Paulo 2012 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO E ARTES EUSIEL SILVA DO REGO Fernando Sor e as transcrições Opus 19 para violão de Seis árias escolhidas de A flauta mágica de Mozart: uma abordagem estético-analítica Dissertação apresentada ao Departamento de Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Artes. Área de Concentração: Processos de criação musical Orientador: Prof. Dr. Edelton Gloeden CMU-ECA-USP Agosto de 2012 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio, convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo Rego, Eusiel Silva do Fernando Sor e as transcrições Opus 19 para violão de Seis árias escolhidas de A flauta mágica de Mozart: uma abordagem estético-analítica. / Eusiel Silva do Rego. – São Paulo: E. S.Rego, 2012. 287 p. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Escola de Comunicações e Artes / Universidade de São Paulo. Orientador: Edelton Gloeden 1. Transcrição musical. 2. Violão. 3. Fernando Sor Op. 19. 4. A Flauta mágica. 5. Teoria tópica. 6. Análise musical. I. Gloeden, Edelton, orientador. II.Título. CDD 21. Ed. – 780 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Nome: REGO, Eusiel Silva do Título: Fernando Sor e as transcrições Opus 19 para violão de Seis árias escolhidas de A flauta mágica de Mozart: uma abordagem estético-analítica Dissertação apresentada ao Departamento de Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Artes. Aprovado em: BANCA EXAMINADORA PROF. DR. _____________________________________INSTITUIÇÃO: ______________ JULGAMENTO: _____________________ ASS.:__________________________________ PROF. DR. _____________________________________ INSTITUIÇÃO: ______________ JULGAMENTO: _____________________ ASS.:__________________________________ PROF. DR. _____________________________________ INSTITUIÇÃO: ______________ JULGAMENTO: _____________________ ASS.:__________________________________ À professora Marília Pini; Ao professor Ricardo Rizek (in memoriam); A minhas filhas Lorena e Sofia, pelo amor pueril que dedicam à sabedoria. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Edelton Gloeden, pelo incentivo, amizade e paciência. À Profa. Dra. Susana Igayara, pelas valiosas sugestões e críticas. Ao Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Coelho, por me ter apresentado à Teoria Tópica. A minha esposa Gisele C. Batista Rego pela paciência, dedicação e revisão. A Adélia Issa, pela amizade e diálogo. A minha mãe Eunice Silva do Rego e ao meu pai Adolfo Lira do Rego (in memoriam). RESUMO Este trabalho visa abordar conceitos estéticos, musicais e históricos (relacionados à época do Iluminismo) que envolvem as transcrições para violão “Six Airs Choisis de l’Opéra de Mozart: “Il flauto magico, arrangés pour guitare” Op. 19 do compositor e violonista espanhol Fernando Sor (1778-1839), publicadas entre os anos de 1823 a 1825, em Londres, e baseadas em árias de A flauta mágica k620 (1791) de Mozart. O processo de transcrição empreendido por Fernando Sor exigiu, inclusive por necessidades históricas (aproximadamente 35 anos separam essas obras), uma mudança de concepção da escritura instrumental, pois, para Sor, tratava-se de verter a essência de um pensamento musical concebido no meio operático e apresentá-lo sob o conceito sonoro de um instrumento solo emergente, como foi o caso do violão no final do século XVIII e primeiras décadas do século XIX. Assim, do ponto de vista instrumental, elementos como textura, estilo de acompanhamento e conceito de condução de vozes, para citar apenas alguns aspectos, sofreram mudanças de concepção, resultando muitas vezes quase em uma nova composição e, até mesmo, outra percepção da forma musical, porque, acima de tudo, o elemento dramático- literário está ausente. Palavras-chave: Fernando Sor, Transcrição musical, Violão, A flauta mágica, Pseudocontraponto, Die Zauberflöte, Tópicos Musicais, Análise Musical. ABSTRACT This paper aims at addressing the aesthetic, musical and historical concepts (related to the Enlightenment) that involve the guitar transcriptions “Six Airs Choisis de l’Opéra de Mozart: “Il flauto magico, arrangés pour guitare” Op. 19 by Spanish composer and guitarist Fernando Sor (1778-1839), published between the years 1823 to 1825, in London, and based in Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte k620 (The Magic Flute). The transcription’s process undertaken by Fernando Sor required, even for historical purposes (the compositions were created 35 years apart), a change in the concept of instrumental writing. For Sor, it was a question of translating the essence of the musical thought conceived in an operatic way and presenting it under a sonorous concept of an emerging, solo instrument as had been the case of the guitar in the late 18th century and in the first decades of the 19th century. From the instrumental perspective, therefore, elements such as texture, style of accompaniment and the voice leading concept, to name but a few, have undergone conceptual changes, often resulting almost in a new composition and even a different perception of the musical form since, above all, the elements of drama and literature are absent. Keywords: Fernando Sor, Music Transcription, Classical Guitar, The Magic Flute, Pseudo-Counterpoint, Die Zauberflöte, Musical Topics, Musical analysis. LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA 1 TRAJETÓRIAS DE FERNANDO SOR A PARTIR DE 1800.............................................................................. 30 FIGURA 2 MAPA DA EUROPA EM 1810 ................................................................................................................... 31 FIGURA 3 O ASTRO SOLAR NO CENTRO (COMO TÔNICA) – NICOLAU COPÉRNICO ................................................... 39 FIGURA 4 CARICATURA: WILLIAM PITT SENTADO À MESA COM NAPOLEÃO .......................................................... 40 FIGURA 5 EXEMPLO EXTRAÍDO DO ORIGINAL DE MOZART (BEWAHRET EUCH VOR WEIBERTÜCKEN)....................... 54 FIGURA 6 A DINÂMICA BEMOL-SUSTENIDO: UM PRINCÍPIO ORGANIZADOR DOS AFETOS TONAIS ............................ 69 FIGURA 8 PLANO FORMAL DA MARSCH DER PRIESTER ............................................................................................ 76 FIGURA 9 GRADE ORQUESTRAL DA MARSCH DER PRIESTER E O SOTTO VOCE........................................................... 79 FIGURA 10 A MELODIA DA MARSCH DER PRIESTER ................................................................................................. 80 FIGURA 11 A TRANSCRIÇÃO DE SOR ...................................................................................................................... 81 FIGURA 12 TRANSCRIÇÃO PARA VIOLÃO, MOLITOR E SOR – COMPASSO 11 ........................................................... 83 FIGURA 13 SUSTENTAÇÃO DE NOTA LONGA NA VOZ MAIS AGUDA. ........................................................................ 84 FIGURA 14 DOMINANTE DA DOMINANTE................................................................................................................ 85 FIGURA 15 SOR, CODA - SEQUÊNCIA, IMITAÇÃO E ACELERAÇÃO DO RITMO HARMÔNICO ...................................... 88 FIGURA 16 AS PAUSAS COMPASSOS 23-4: ESTATISMO E REFLEXÃO INTERIOR ........................................................ 90 FIGURA 17 SOL - RÉ / LÁ - MI – 5AS PARALELAS DIRETAS EM SOR .......................................................................... 91 FIGURA 18 – EVITANDO O PARALELISMO DE QUINTAS ........................................................................................... 92 FIGURA 19 COMPASSO 16, MOVIMENTO CONTRÁRIO EM SOR................................................................................. 94 FIGURA 20 COMPASSO 16, MOVIMENTO PARALELO EM MOZART ........................................................................... 94 FIGURA 21 DOMINANTE DA DOMINANTE................................................................................................................ 95 FIGURA 22 SOR, MOTIVO COMPASSO 7 ................................................................................................................... 95 FIGURA 23 SOR, MOTIVO COMPASSO 27 NA CAP ................................................................................................... 96 FIGURA 24 FAUXBOURDON E A DESCIDA FRÍGIA (LÁ-SOL-FÁ-MI)............................................................................ 97 FIGURA 25 INTERMITÊNCIA DE 5AS ......................................................................................................................... 99 FIGURA 26 O ACORDE DE PREPARAÇÃO E O TÓPOI “CHAMADA DE TROMPA” ESCRITO POR SOR ........................... 103 FIGURA 27 ACORDE INTRODUTÓRIO EM MOZART ................................................................................................ 104 FIGURA 28 LA CHASSE DU JEUNE HENRI DE MEHUL, FRASE INICIAL ..................................................................... 105 FIGURA 29 A MELODIA BEWAHRET EUCH VOR WEIBERTÜCKEN DE MOZART ......................................................... 107 FIGURA 30 RESOLUÇÃO DA 7ª DE DOMINANTE ....................................................................................................
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