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1953 An Annotated list of the of Nebraska Part II The ettT igidae and Harold A. Hauke

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Hauke, Harold A., "An Annotated list of the Orthoptera of Nebraska Part II The eT ttigidae and Acrididae" (1953). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum. 43. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin/43

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

An Annotated List of the Orthoptera of Nebraska Part II The Tettigidae and Acrididae

By Harold A. Hauhe

CONTRIBUTION OF THE DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY

JUNE, 1953 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA R. G. Gustavson, Chancellor

MUSEUM STAFF C. BERTRAND SCHULTZ, Director and Curator, Vertebrate Paleontology BENJAMIN H. BURMA, Curator, NATHAN L. MOHLER, Staff Artist Invertebrate Paleontology L. W. QUATE, Curator, JOHN F. DAVIDSON, Curator, Entomology Botany and Herbarium HENRY REIDER, Chief E. MOTT DAVIS, Curator, Preparator Anthropology MARJORIE SHANAFELT, Assistant to Director PAUL T. GILBERT, Honorary Curator, Zoology E. F. SCHRAMM, Curator, Geology' CARL W. GUGLER, Curator, Zoology_ LLOYD G. TANNER, Asst. Curator, Vertebrate Paleontology MARY L. HANSON, Technical Assistant and Associate MRS. PATRICIA R. WALL, Curator, Curator, Zoology Health Sciences

RESEARCH AND FIELD ASSOCIATES W. D. FRANKFORTER, Vertebrate T. C. MIDDLESWART, Vertebrate Paleontology Paleontology GILBERT C. LUENINGHOENER, THOMPSON M. STOUT, Vertebrate Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology Paleontology MARTIN H. MUMA, Entomology MUSEUM CONSULTING COMMITTEE I. H. BLAKE W. E. MILITZER S. I. FUENNING W. W. RAY W. N. GILLILAND J. M. REINHARDT R. W. Goss C. B. SCHULTZ, Chairman R. E. HILL BOARD OF UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS R. V. SHUMATE, Chairman K. O. BROADY F. W. HOOVER F. A. LUNDY H. F. RHOADES G. S. ROUND E. N. JOHNSON EMILY SCHOSSBERGER, Secretary BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

VOLUME 3. LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, JUNE 1953 NUMBER 9

An Annotated list of the Orthoptera of Nebraska Part II The Tettigidae and Acrididae

HAROLD A. HAUKE

HIS IS THE SECOND of a series of papers on the Orthoptera of T Nebraska. It is a continuation of the revision of an un­ published thesis on this subject by the author in 1934. The purposes of the present paper are threefold. First it is a list of the which are or should be found in the state. Secondly the distribution of each is shown for this or adjoining states and the specimens in the collec­ tion of the Nebraska State Museum at the College of Agricul­ ture are recorded. Many references to Nebraska species by earlier workers in the field have also been cited. The specimens of Tettigidae and Acrididae in the Nebraska collection were all examined. Much identification work was necessary on most of the material. The original descriptions were all checked and listed and a partial synonomy given. Hebard's lists were, for the most part, used as an outline for this paper. Rol;>erts (1941) was followed in listing the . A great deal of collecting needs to be done in the state to bring the collection up to the place where it will be truly representative of all species of grasshoppers native to this area. A total of 7 species of pygmy locusts are listed. The Acrididae are represented by 126 species of which 98 are represented in the Museum collection. As with the other families of Orthop­ tera the nucleus around which the present collection has been built is material which was gathered by Lawrence Bruner and his students. In later years additions have been made to the collection by various instructors and students in Entomology. 1 2 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

There are four species of grasshoppers in Nebraska which from time to time are of great economic importance to crops. They are mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure), M. differentalis (Thomas), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. femur­ rubrum femur-rubrum (DeGeer). In recent years it has been recognized that mixed populations of rangeland grasshoppers can cause serious damage to grazing lands. Some of the more important species of grasshoppers found on rangeland grasses are Ageneotettix deorum (Scud­ der), Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure), M. bivit­ tatus (Say), Aulocara elliotti (Thomas), occipitalis occipitalis (Thomas), Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas), Phili­ bostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas) and Phoetaliotes ne­ brascensis (Thomas). Nebraska terrain is quite diverse. The altitude of the state ranges from 825 feet in the southeast (Richardson County) to 5340 feet at the western border (western Banner County). Ne­ braska extends approximately 450 miles from the Missouri River on the east to the Wyoming line on the west, and 207 miles from South Dakota on the north to Kansas on the south. The state has three climatic belts-humid, sub-humid, and semi­ arid-and fourteen topographic regions. Two of these regions have been referred to as localities by various collectors. One of these, Pine Ridge, is composed of rough, broken escarpments covered with pine trees. It runs east and west through most of the north half of Sheridan, Dawes and Sioux counties. At one time there was a Pine Ridge post office in this region in Dawes County. For this reason the Pine Ridge locale has been placed in Dawes County in the text. The Sand Hills locality is another which has been used by collectors. It covers about 22,500 square miles in the northcentral counties. Sand hills are also found in the southwest half of Dundy County. For the distribution of species in this list, the locality has been referred to the northcentral counties. Distribution records for the various species, unless otherwise stated, are listed from the east to the west and from north to south. ,The writer wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. R. E. Hill and other members of the Department of Entomology who have been of great assistance in the preparation of this paper and especially to Dr. M. H. Muma under whose guidance it was prepared. The assistance of Mr. James A. G. Rehn in past years and more recently that of Dr. Ashley B. Gurney of the AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 3

U. S. National Museum, in the determination of some of the more difficult species has been invaluable. Dr. Gurney has also helped the writer solve many of the taxonomic problems en­ countered. Mr. Herbert S. Wallace kindly determined speci­ mens of Aeoloplus.

Family

SUBFAMILY Nomo:teUix parvus (Morse) 1895. parvus Morse, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., III, p.14. 1931. Nomotettix parvus Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi/a., LXXXIII, p. 132. This insect should be found in extreme eastern Nebraska counties. It has been recorded from Douglas County, Kansas. Hebard (1925) stated that there was a possibility of it being taken in southeastern South Dakota because of this record and also that of the type locality, St. Anthony Park, Minnesota. It is not represented in the present collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Te:trix subula:ta (Latreille) 1804. Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., XII, p.164. 1837. Acrydium granulatum Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Amer., IV, p. 251. 1936. Acrydium subulatum Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 27. 1941. Tetrix subulatum Roberts, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXVII, p. 19. Bruner (1893), in writing of this pygmy or grouse locust as Tettix granulatus Kirby, mentioned that it was "especially numerous northward." This species is represented in the Ne­ braska Museum collection by two specimens, a male and female, collected by Bruner at Fremont, in Dodge County. Hebard (1928) mentioned that Holt County, in northern Nebraska, was the southern limit of this species. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dodge County, Fremont, April 17, 1915, (L. Bruner), 1 3, 1 'i? 4 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Tetrix acadicum acadicum (Scudder) 1875. Tettigidae acadica Scudder, Dawson's Rept. Geor. 49th Parallel, p. 345. 1876. Tettix acadicus Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. Surv. West of lOath Merid., App. JJ, p. 259, n. 49. 1929. Acrydium acadicum acadicum Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXI, p. 320. A single male specimen of this species is in the Nebraska collection. It was collected in the extreme northwest corner of the state at a light. Bruner (1893) wrote of Tettix acadicus Scudder as follows: "A species that I imagine to be this insect is occasionally taken within the state northward." Hebard (1928) recorded this species as being found also at Halsey and (1925) stated that it is "Found usually on moist soils of sandy character." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sioux County, Monroe Canyon, August 7, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 1 J.

Teirix ornaia (Say) 1824. Acrydium ornatum Say, Amer. Ent., I, pI. 5. 1920. Acrydium ornatum Blatchley, Orth. of Northeastern America, p. 165. This species of grouse locust is one of the most abundant in Nebraska. It has been found over the entire northern two­ thirds of the state. Thirty-seven males, forty females and eight nymphs have been collected between March 20 and October 24, with the majority being taken in April and May. These speci­ mens were found in such localities as Platte River sandpits, stone quarries, dry creek beds, and in marshy areas along creeks. It was recorded by Bruner (1893) as "Quite general in its distribution over the state. Very common." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Burt County, Tekamah, July 27, 1949, (M. H. Muma) , 1 J. Douglas County, Omaha, June 13, 1913, (L. T. Will­ iams), 1 J. Sarpy County, Gretna, May 27, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 J. Cass Cmmty, Plattsmouth, March 20, 1923, 1 c;? Louisville, May 20, 1948, (M. H. Muma), 1 c;?, 1 nymph. South Bend, May 27, 1914, (L. Bruner), 1 c;? Otoe County, Nebraska City, June 4, 1948, (0. S. Bare), 1 c;? Dixon County, Maskell, July 17, 1915, (E. G. Anderson), 1 J, 2 c;? C;? Cuming County, West Point, April, 1884, 1 c;?; April 15, 1889, 1 c;?; May, 1 J. Dodge County, Fremont, April 15, 1949, (M. H. Muma) , 1 J; April 17, 1915, (L. Bruner), 15 JJ, 11 c;? c;? ; May 5, 1948, (C. A. Sooter), 2 J J, 1 c;?, 3 nymphs. Lancaster County, Roca, April 11, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 9 J J, 4 c;? c;? Lincoln, April 13, 1924, (D. B. Whelan), 1 J; April 16, 1908, 1 c;?; April 18, 1949, (R. E. Hill), 1 J, 1 c;?, 1 nymph; April 20, 1908, 2 c;? c;? ; May 9, 1908, 1 c;?; May 16, 1908, AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 5

2 ~ ~. Raymond, April 12, (J. Desler), 1 ~, 1 '? Saline County, Dorchester, April 30, 1949, (R. E. Hill), 1 '? Knox County, Niobrara, July 28, 1949, (M. H. Muma), 3 nymphs. Fillmore County, Geneva, April 27,1905, (M. H. Swenk), 1 '? York County, York, May 24,1945, (H. A. Hauke), 1 '? Lincoln County, O'Fallons, October 24, 1939, (H. A. Hauke), 1 '? Cherry Cotmty, Simeon, August 21, 1929, (C. Reese), 1 '? Garden County, Oshkosh, May 11, 1946, (H. A. Hauke), 1 '? Sioux County, Badlands mouth of Monroe Canyon, (L. Bruner), 3 '? <;? • War Bonnet Canyon, August 12, 1908, (L. Bruner), 1 '?

Teirix arenosa angusia (Hancock) ·1896. Tettix angustus Hancock, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, p. 238. 1916. Acrydium arenosum angustum Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 134. Four specimens, three males and one female, taken in Otoe and Lancaster counties in eastcentral Nebraska are in the pre­ sent museum collection. Hebard (1931) recorded a female from Cedar Bluffs, in Saunders County. Central Nebraska was listed by the same author (1925) as a western limit of distribu­ tion. Bruner (1893) wrote that Tettix arenosus Burm. "has been taken only in the eastern part of the state ..." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Otoe County, Nebraska City, June 4, 1948, (M. H. Muma) , 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, May 16, 1908, 1 ~. Roca, April 11, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~,1 '?

ParaieUix cucullaius cucullaius (Burmeister) 1838. Tetrix cucullatus Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 658. 1894. cucullatus Morse, Psyche, VII, p. 163. 1931. cucullatus Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 134. The hooded grouse locust is represented in the collection by twenty-seven males, thirty-six females and.one nymph. They have been collected from March 16 to October 8 in the eastern and southern parts of the state. This species is largely confined to river valleys and is known to swim with ease should it alight in water. Bruner (1893) wrote of it as "Found occa­ sionally along the different streams of the state." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota COtmty, South Sioux City, June 28, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 '? Douglas County, Omaha, June 12, 1914, 1 '?, and June 14, 1913, 1 <;?, (L. T. Williams); July 6, 1938, (E. C. Klostermeyer), 1 '? Millard, July 25, 1935, (E. C. Klostermeyer), 1 '? Cass County, South Bend, June 23, 1915, (E. G. Anderson), 1 ~. Otoe County, Nebraska City, June 4, 1948, (0. S. Bare), 1 '?, and (M. H. 6 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Muma), 2 & &; June 6, 1948, (0. S. Bare), 3 QQ. Richardson County, Rulo, July 1, 1915, (L. Bruner), 7 & &, 13 Q Q; (E. M. Partridge), 7 & &, 3 QQ. Dodge County, Fremont, April 17, 1915, (L. Bruner), 1 Q. Lancaster County, Lincoln, March 16, 1918, (L. Bruner), 1 Q; June 23, 1939, (W. W. Darlington), 1 &; June 28, 1910, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 &; July 6, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 Q'; July 10, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 &; October 8, 1931, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Q. Antelope County, Neligh, June 22, 1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 &, 1 nymph; June 24, 1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 nymph. Nuckolls County, Superior, July 23, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 Q. Hall County, Grand Island, July 4,1933, (H. A. Hauke), 4 & &,7 QQ. Dundy Cotmty, Haigler, July 7, 1911, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 Q.

TeUigidea la:l:eralis parvipennis (Harris) 1824. Acrydium laterale Say, Ame1'. Ent., I, pI. 5. 1833. Tetrix parvipennis Harris, Hitchcock's Rept. Geol. Massachusetts, I, p. 583. 1862. Tettigidea lateralis Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 476. 1916. Tettigidea lateralis parvipennis, Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 150. This species is represented by six males and nine females collected in the eastern section of the state and by one female collected at Scottsbluff in western Nebraska. The latter locality record is possibly in error as Hebard (1925) stated that "Westward it was previously known from Minnesota and east­ ern Nebraska, so that the present constitute the most north­ western records." In Bruner's lists (1893 and 1897) he recorded it as Tettigidea lateralis Say and mentioned that it was "One of our most abundant 'grous~ locusts' in eastern Nebraska... " SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sarpy County, Bellevue, May 9, 1908, (L. Bruner), 1 Q. Cass County, South Bend, 1 Q. Plattsmouth, March 30, 1923, 1 Q. Louisville, August 24, 1913, (E. G. Anderson), 1 &. Weeping Water, September 24,1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 2 QQ. Otoe County, Ne­ braska City, June 4, 1948, (0. S. Bare), 1 Q. Dodge County, Fremont, April 17, 1905, (L. Bruner), 5 & &. Lancaster County, Roca, March 13, 1912, (L. Bruner), 1 Q. Lincoln, April 14, 1900, (R. H. Wolcott), 1 Q; April 15, 1931, (C. Gollehon), 1 Q. Scotts Bluff County, Scotts­ bluff, October 5, 1904, 1 Q. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 7

Family ACRIDIDAE SUBFAMILY ACRIDINAE Pseudopomala brachyp:l:era (Scudder) 1862. Opomala brachyptera Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Rist., VII, p. 454. 1896. Pseudopomala brachyptera Morse, Psyche, VII, p. 343. This species appears to be very scarce in Nebraska. Speci­ mens at hand are from Cuming and Lancaster counties in east­ central Nebraska and Cherry County in the northcentral part of the state. Five females, four males and one nymph were taken between JUly 7 and September 10. Hebard (1929) record­ ed one "female from Stratton, Nebraska, taken JUly 14, 1899, on the Republican River ...." In this state it probably can be taken along streams, irrigation ditches and marshy spots. Ac­ cording to Morse (1920) it normally is found in the short­ winged form but occasionally a long-winged form is seen. Bruner (1893) recorded a species "Mermiria (?) brachyptera, Scudd. Not at all rare over the entire state. Most common east­ ward and northward." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, September, 1884, 1

Mermiria neomexicana (Thomas) 1870. Opomala neomexicana Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 77. 1919. Mermiria neomexicana Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 72. Two specimens, which appear to be nymphs, have been col­ lected in Keya Paha County in the northcentral part of the state in June and August. Blatchley (1920) stated that "Speci­ mens at hand received from Bruner are labelled 'Western Ne­ braska'." It was recorded by Bruner (1893, 1897) as being "abundant in middle and western regions, where it frequents rather high grounds in preference to low grounds." Rehn (1919) recorded it from "Sidney, Cheyenne county," and from "South­ west Nebraska." Hebard (1928) listed it as being found at Capa and Hot Springs, South Dakota, and at Julesburg, Colorado. Additional collecting in western Nebraska should add new distribution records for this species. 8 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Keya Paha County, Springview Bridge, June 18, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~ nymph. Sioux County, Glen, Aug­ ust 8, 1905, 1 ~ nymph.

Mermiria biviUaia (Serville) 1838. Opsomala bivittata Serville, Rist. Nat. Inst. Orth., p.589. 1919. Mermiria bivittata Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.93. This species is quite often confused with the following one, Mermiria maculipennis macclungi Rehn. Rehn (1919) stated that the "two are very hard to separate, particularly in the female sex. The most conspicuous feature of the species is found only in the male sex and is purely a color character, i.e., the absence of a pale subcostal stripe on the tegmina." In the same paper he listed a male specimen from West Point, in Cuming County. Specimens in the collection which have been determined as this species are all from Lancaster County. These two counties are in eastern Nebraska. There are five male and ten female specimens in the collection at this time. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaste1' C01tnty, Lincoln, July 6, 1939, (W. Darlington), 1 ~; July 8, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~; July 12, 1939, (W. Darlington), 3 ~ ~; July 18, 191-, (R. W. Dawson), 4 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~; August 10, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 ~; September 18, 1923, 1 ~.

Mermiria maculipennis macclungi Rehn 1919. Mermiria maculipennis macchmgi Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 111. There are eighty-nine specimens (thirty-seven males, forty­ six females and six nymphs) of this interesting form which have been gathered from over the entire state. The nymphs were collected the last week of June and the adults from July 1 to September. The species is commonly found in grassy areas in river valleys, bench lands, and rolling hills. It was probably this species to which Bruner (1893, 1897) referred as Mermiria bivittata Serville and as being found sparingly over the entire state. In addition to the localities listed below Rehn (1919) recorded Nebraska specimens from Washington, Custer, Hitch­ cock, Cheyenne and Sioux counties. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nebraska, 1 ~. Cuming County, West Point, July, 1884, 1 ~; July, 1888, 1 nymph; September, 1884, 2 ~ ~. Lan­ caster County, Lincoln, July, 1 ~, and August 29, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); September, 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 9 ~ ~, 8 ~ ~. Antelope County, AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 9

Neligh, August, (M. Cary), 2 J J, 2

Acrolophi:tus hiriipes (Say) 1825. Gryllus hirtipes Say, Amer. Ent., II, pI. 34. 1871. Thomas, Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geor. Surv. Wyoming and Terr., II, p. 278. This is a very interesting species of because of its solid green color and highly arched metazona. It has been taken in several localities across the northern half and in the southwestern corner of the state. Hebard (1925) recorded this insect from middle and western Nebraska. The seven males and nineteen females were secured between June 21 and August 12. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Saunde7's County, Ashland, 4

Syrbula admirabilis (Uhler) 1864. Stenobothrus admirabilis Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 553. 1897. Syrbula admirabilis McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 221. 10 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

The males of this distinctive slender streamlined grasshopper are considerably smaller than the females and much quicker in movement. When disturbed they are rapid flyers and soon drop into grass clumps where they are hidden from view. This probably accounts for the fact that of the thirty-nine specimens in the collection only eight are males. These specimens have been taken from June 20 to October 16. Bruner (1893) listed this species as being found over the entire state, but nowhere common. Hebard (1931) indicated that eastern Nebraska was the northern limit. The western limits of distribution in the state of the present series are Antelope and Buffalo counties. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nemaha County, Peru, August 12, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 ~. Cass County, September 18, 1930, (L. C. Jackson), 1 ~. South Bend, October, 1889, 1 ~. Weeping Water, July 20, 1930, (L. C. Jackson), 1 Cj? Sa'unders County, Ashland, August 16, 1938, 4 ~ ~, August 19, 1938, 1 ~,August 20, 1938, 1 J, 1 Cj?, and August 22, 1938, 1 ~, (R. L. Gates). Lancaster County, Lincoln, June 20, 1930, (G. Dunn), 2 ~ Cj? ; August 12, 1931, (P. Harvey), 1 Cj?; August 18, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~; September, 2 Cj? ~; September 3, 1928, (D. B. Whelan),1 J; September 25,1927, (R. H. Nelson), 1 ~; October, 1 ~; October 4, 1932, (C. Gollehon), 1 Cj?; October 9, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 J, 1 ~; October 16, 1 ~. SaLine County, DeWitt, June 25, 1931, (W. Waldo), 1 Cj? Antelope County, Neligh, August 24, 1904, (Cary), 5 J J, 4 ~ ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 9, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~~.

Opeia obscura (Thomas) 1872. Oxycoryphus obscurus Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geoz. Surv. Montana, p. 466. 1897. Opeia obscura McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. VI, p. 215. This small grasshopper is very common over the state in na­ tive grama or buffalo grass pastures and range land areas. One hundred and three specimens in the collection were examined. Adults were taken from late July to October 9 with the ma­ jorIty being found in August. Bruner (1897) recorded it from middle and western Nebraska. Hebard (1925) stated that it did "not occur in eastern Nebraska" but several specimens have been secured at Lincoln, in Lancaster County. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 ~; Aug­ ust 5, 1902; (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~; September 12, 1894, 1 ~; October 9, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 5 ~ ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 2 J J, 2 ~ ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 5 J J, 5 ~ ~. Antelope County, Neligh, August 12, 1901, (M. Cary), 2 ~ ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 18, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 3 ~ ~. Keya Paha County, Carns, August 29, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Custer County, Arnold, AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 11

September 1, 1935, (W. Darlington), 1 Cj? Cherry County, Valentine, August, 3 t t, 11 Cj? Cj? Sand Hills, July, 2 t t. Thomas County, Hal- sey, August 17, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 t. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 Cj? Red Willow County, McCook, September 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 Cj? Hitchcock County, Stratton, August 14, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 t t, 1 Cj? Dundy County, Parks, August 13, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 6 t t. Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 t, 3 Cj? Cj?; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 6 t t, 6 Cj? Cj? Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 t, 8 Cj? Cj? Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 6 Cj? Cj? • Box Butte County, September, 1 t, 1 Cj? Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 Cj? Sioux County, Montrose, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 t t, 2 Cj? Cj? Agate, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 2 t t, 1 Cj? Scotts Bluff County, Gering, August, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 Cj? Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 Cj?

AmphHornus coloradus (Thomas) 1872. Stenobothrus bicoZor Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geoz. Surv. Montana, p. 467. 1873. Stenobothrus coZoradus Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geoz. Surv. Terr., V, p. 82. 1897. Amphitornus bicoZor McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. N at. Sci., VI, p. 224. Thomas found his name Stenobothrus bicoZor to be a homo­ nym so proposed the name Stenobothrus coZoradus. This species is quite common throughout the rangeland areas of northcentral and western Nebraska counties. Bruner (1897) listed it as "another of the characteristic locusts of the Great Plains." Its "bullet-shaped" head and the striped appearance of the head and tegmina make it a species easily recognizable in both the nymphal and adult stages. In the last two or three years it has increased somewhat in economic importance among the rangeland species of the state. Fifty specimens are in the present collection. The nineteen males and thirty-one females were collected between June 28 and August 29. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Boyd COlmty, Naper, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 t, 1 Cj? Keya Paha County, Carns, August 29, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 3 Cj? Cj? Cherry County, Valentine, August, 1 t, 2 Cj? Cj? Sand Hills, July, 1 Cj? Thomas County, Halsey, August 18, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 6 t t. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 t, 3 Cj? Cj? Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 Cj? Cj? Hitchcock County, Stratton, August 14, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 t. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 4 t t, 1 Cj? Sheridan County, Gordon, 2 t t, 3 Cj? Cj? Dawes County, Crawford, July 18, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 Cj? Cj? Pine Ridge, July, 2 Cj? Cj? Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 7 Cj? Cj? Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 t t, 1 Cj? 12 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

EriieUix simplex iricarinaius (Thomas) 1869. Gomphocerus simplex Scudder, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, p. 305. 1873. Stenobothrus tricarinatus Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geor. Surv. Terr., V, p. 84. 1875. Gomphocerus virgatus Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XVII, p. 511. 1876. Eritettix navicula Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. Surv. West of lOath Nierid., App. JJ, p. 506. 1936. tricarinatus Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 29. Bruner (1897) listed this grasshopper as Eritettix naviculus Scudder, E. tricarinatus Thomas and E. virgatus Scudder and recorded them as occurring in most parts of the state. This grasshopper is another which is taken in short-grass areas. It lives through the winter in the nymphal form and as a result matures early in the season. There are sixty-six specimens in the collection of which thirteen are in the immature stage. Three of the nymphal forms were collected in February, April and May, one in July and the remainder from August 2 to October 8. The adults were all taken between May 10 and July 8. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass COlmty, Weeping Water, May, 1894, 1 'il. Lancaster County, Lincoln, April 12, 1928, 1 nymph, April 23, 1930, 2 33,3 'il 'il, May 16, 1929, ·4 33,3 'il 9, and May 17, 1928,6 33,4 'il'il, (D. B. Whelan); May 19, 1929, (D. E. Eckhoff), 2 'il 'il; May 23, 1929, 1 'il, and May 24, 1928, 4 3, 3 'il 'il, (D. B. Whelan); May 25, 1931, (C. F. Keech), 1 'il; June 1, 1928, 1 3, July 5, 1928, 1 nymph, July 8,1928, 2 33, August 2, 1928, 1 nymph, August 16, 1928, 1 nymph, September 8, 1928, 1 nymph, September 10, 1928, 1 nymph, September 13, 1928, 1 nymph, September 21, 1928, 1 nymph. October 6, 1931, 1 nymph and October 8, 1931, 1 nymph, (D. B. Whelan). Emerald, May 12, 1949, 1 'il, and May 21, 1949, 1 3, (H. A. Hauke). Martel, May 12, 1949, (H. A. Hauke),2 'il 'il. Antelope County, Neligh, June 2,1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 3. Adams County, Hastings, May 10, 1915, 1 'il. Boyd County, An­ oka, April 6, 1932, (L. D. Monson), 1 nymph. Garfield County, Bur­ well, May 16, 1924, 1 'il. Brown County, Ainsworth, February 7, 1932, (H. D. Taylor), 1 nymph; June 17, 1897, (J. S. Rising), 1 3. Cherry County, Valentine, June 21, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 'il. Hayes County, Hamlet, June 23, 1948, (H. A. Hauke), 1 'i? Perkins County, Grant, June 22, 1905, (M. H. Swenk), 1 'i? Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 3, 1 'i? Sioux County, War Bonnet Canyon, 1 3, 2 'i? 'i?

Philbosiroma quadrimaculaium (Thomas) 1871. Stenobothrus quadrimaculatum Thomas, Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming and Terr., II, p. 280. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 13

1885. Philbostroma ? quadrimaculata Bruner, Bull. Wash­ burn CoIl. Lab. Nat. Rist., I, No.4, p. 135. 1897. Philbostroma quadrimaculata McNeill, Proc. Daven­ port Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 248. Twelve male and twenty-six female specimens of this species have been collected in the western half of the state. Hebard (1936) listed Valentine, Cherry County, and Broken Bow, Cus­ ter County, as eastern limits in the state and this distribution remains unchanged. The grasshopper is quite common in the rangeland areas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nebraska, 1 9. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (W. Darlington), 1 9. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 3 9 9. Thomas County, Halsey, August 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 2 i! i!, 1 9. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 9. Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 99. Dundy County, Haigler, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 i!; August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 2 i! i!, 1 9; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 5 i! i!, 5 9 9. Dawes County, Chadron, August, 1888, 1 i!. Pine Ridge, July, 5 9 9. Box Butte County, September, 1 9. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 9 9. Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 i! i!, 1 9. Scotts Bluff County, Gering, August, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 9.

COl'dillacris occipitalis occipitalis (Thomas) 1873. Stenobothrus occipitalis Thomas, Rept. U. S. GeoI. Surv. Terr., V, p. 81. 1904. Cordillacris occipitalis Bruner, BioI. Centr.-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 70-71. 1925. Cordillacris occipitalis occipitalis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXVII, p. 55. Distribution of this grasshopper is confined to the drier grassy areas of the northern and southwestern counties. Seven males and twenty-five females have been taken as adults from June 23 to August 15. Bruner (1897) recorded it as being found westward in the state upon the plains and high prairies. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 3 9 9. Holt County, 3 9 9. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 i!, 2 9 9. Sand Hills, July, 1 9. Thomas County, Dismal River, July, 1 9. Hayes County, Hamlet, June 23, 1948, (H. A. Hauke), 4 i! i!, 8 9 9. Dundy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 3 9 9; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 9. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, JUly, 2 i! i!, 1 9. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 99. Cordillacris occipitalis cinerea (Bruner) 1889. Orchrilidia (?) cinerea Bruner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 52. 14 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

1904. Cordillacris occipitalis Bruner, BioI. Centr.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 70. 1925. Cordillacris occipitalis cinerea Hebard; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 56. Confined in distribution to the panhandle area of western Nebraska this species is not too abundant except in local areas. It is commonly found in the drier grassy areas but has also been taken in the pine-covered hills in Dawes and Sioux coun­ ties. The one male and nine females were collected in July and August. Bruner in 1893 recorded this species as OrchriZidia cinerea (Bruner). He listed it as being found upon the high sand hills adjoining Pine Ridge in Sioux and Dawes counties. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sand Hills, July, 1 ~. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 4 ~ ~. Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 i!J, 1 ~. Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~.

Cordillacris crenulaia crenulaia (Bruner) 1890. OrchriZidia ? crenulata Bruner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 51. 1897. Alpha crenulata McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, pp. 197,245. 1904. Cordillacris crenulata Bruner, BioI. Centr.-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 70-71. 1936. Cordillacris crenulata crenulata Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 30. Seven female specimens believed to represent this small species of grasshopper are in the collection from the Sand Hills in northcentral Nebraska and Dundy County in the southwest corner. This species was recorded from Fort Robinson in north­ western Nebraska by Hebard (1925). Bruner (1893) found it to be common upon the higher and drier portions of the state. Extensive collecting would probably reveal a wider distribu­ tion. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sand Hills, 1940, ~ ~. Dundy County, Haig­ ler, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 6 ~ ~.

Orphulella pelidna (Burmeister) 1838. Gomphocerus pelidnus Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 650. 1911. Orphulella pelidna Walden, Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Ct., No. 16, p. 79. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 15

This is a species which is found throughout the northern half and the extreme southwest corner of the state. Morse (1920) wrote of it as being "active and alert, leaping well and also flying freely and well." It is confined mostly to the grasses of open or partially wooded areas. Fifty-nine specimens, sixteen males and forty-three females, were secured between July and October. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass County, South Bend, October 5, 1904, 1

Orphulella speciosa (Scudder) 1862. Stenobothrus speciosus Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Rist., VII, p. 458. 1862. Stenobothnts aequaIis Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Rist., VII, p. 459. 1896. Orphula aequalis Morse, Psyche, VII, pp. 326, 409, n. 9, pI. 7, fig. 9. 1911. OrphttleHa speciosus Walden, Bull. Geol. Nat. Rist. Surv. Ct., No. 16, p. 80. Listing it as Orphula aequaIis (Scudder), Bruner (1897) found this small grasshopper to' be "very common on the open prairies over the entire state." The material at hand is from all sections of the state. One male and seven females were taken at an electric light in July at Lincoln, Lancaster County. A total of forty-eight males and seventy-five females have been taken between May 15 and October 31 with most of them being secured in August. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, 1

Pierce), 6 d d, 9 ~ ~. Thaye1' Cotmty, Deshler, August 9, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 d, 3 ~ ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 18, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 d, 2 ~ ~. Keya Paha County, Carns, August 29,1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 d, 1 ~; Hogan's Bridge, August 3, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 d. Cherry County, Valentine, 6 d d, 8 ~ ~. Thomas County, Halsey, May 15, 1912, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 d; August 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 d. Red Willow County, McCook, July 23, 1904, 1 d. Dundy County, Haig­ ler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 d, 1 ~. Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 ~. Cheyenne County, Sunol, August 19, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Dawes County, Fort Robinson, August, 1888, 2 ~ ~.

Dichromorpha viridis (Scudder) 1862. viridis Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Rist., VII, p.455. 1896. DichromorjJha viridis Morse, Psyche, VII, p. 385. Quite common over the state but does not appear in large numbers in anyone place. It is usually found in humid areas where there are coarse weeds and grasses, such as fence rows or along the edges of ponds and streams. The insect has been collected in both the green and brown color phases. Both Bruner (1893) and Hebard (1925) recorded the western limit of this spC'cies as "middle Nebraska" but some specimens are at hand from Red Willow and Scotts Bluff counties. All thirty­ four specimens are of the short-winged form and were col­ lected between June 30 and October 10. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, 5 ~ ~ ; July 29, 1936, 1 d, 1 ~, and August 13, 1936, 1 d, (E. Klostermeyer); August 23, 1935, 1 ~. Richardson County, Rulo, June 30, 1915, (L. Bruner), 1 d. Cuming County, West Point, 3 ~ ~. Dodge County, Fremont, October 18, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 d, 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 d, 1 ~; August, 1 ~; August '9, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 d, 1 ~; September 17, 1917, (L. Bruner), 1 ~; October 10, 1930, (L. E. Wat­ son), 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 8, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 4 d d, 2 ~ ~. Red Willow County, Bartley, August 14, 1949, (E. A. Hauke), 1 d, 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Scottsbluff, October 5, 1904, 3 ~ ~.

Chloeal:tis conspersa Harris 1841. Locusta Chloealtis conspersa Harris, Rept., Ins. Mass. Inj. Veget., (1), p. 149. 1896. ChloeaItis conspersa Morse, Psyche, VII, p. 419. Bruner (1897) listed this species as from the "eastern and northern parts of the state. Most frequently found in groves and ravines where the vegetation is quite rank." Four female specimens, taken during JUly and August in northwestern Ne­ braska, are in the collection. Hebard (1936) mentioned that AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 17

"Buffalo and the Black Hills, South Dakota, are western limits of reasonably continuous distribution in this longitude, though the Rocky Mountains carry the species south to northern Colo­ rado." There is a possibility that this insect might also be found in the pine-covered Wildcat Hills south of Gering in Scotts Bluff County. One of the most interesting things about this grasshopper is the fact that it is sometimes known to oviposit in bits of soft or decaying wood. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sand Hills, July, 1 ~. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July 8, 1910, (L. Bruner), 1 ~. Sioux County, Monroe Canyon, August, 1908, (R. W. Dawson), 1 ~; August 12, 1908, (L. Bruner), 1 ~.

Neopodismopsis abdominalis (Thomas) 1873. Crysochraon abdominalis Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, p. 74. 1936. Neopodismopsis abdominalis Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 31. One female specimen collected in Knox County is in the col­ lection. This locality in northcentral Nebraska does not agree with Bruner's (1897) list. He stated that it "is to be met with once in a while in extreme western Nebraska where it is par­ tial to north hill-slopes and steep canon walls." Blatchley (1920) stated that records show it to be essentially a mountain loving species. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~.

Chorihippus longicornis (Latreille) 1804. Acrydium Zongicorne Latreille, IIist. Nat. Crust. Ins., XII, p.159. 1862. Stenobothrus curtipennis Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. IIist., VII, p. 456, n. 1. 1897. Stenobothrus coloradensis McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 260. 1920. Chorthippus curtipennis Morse, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. IIist., XXXV, p. 440. 1936. Chorthippus longicornis Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, pp. 31-32. This species is quite common in the northern half of the state. Twenty specimens, eleven males, and nine females are in the collection. They were gathered between June 23 and September 17. Bruner (1897) recorded this insect as Steno- 18 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM bothrus curtipennis Harris and Stenobothrus coloradensis Mc­ Neill. Of the latter he wrote that it "is rather numerous on meadow and other low, wet lands throughout the state." This species is widely scattered over North America, Europe and northern Asia. In addition to the localities listed below, Hebard (1936) recorded it from North Platte in Lincoln County. One male specimen collected at Omaha, Douglas County, in 1875 is of special interest as it is probably the oldest specimen of Orthoptera in the entire collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: DOt~glas County, Omaha, 1875, 1 ~. Cass County, South Bend, June 23, 1915, (L. Bruner), 1 ~. Dakota County, South Sioux City, June 27, 1912, 1 ~, July 12, 1912, 1 ~, July 14, 1912, 1 ~, and July 16, 1913, 1 ~, (L. T. Williams). Cuming County, West Point, July, 1884, 1 ~. Lancaster County, August, 1 ~; Septem­ ber 17, 1917, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 1 ~. Antelope County, Neligh, Aug­ ust 9, 1901, (M. Cary), 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 ~. Thomas County, Dismal River, July, 1 iJ, 1 ~. Sand Hills, 1940, 2 ~ ~. Sioux County, War Bonnet Canyon, 3 iJ ~. Scotts Bluff C01mty, Gering, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~.

Aeropedellus clava ius (Thomas) 1873. Gomphocerus clavatus Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, p. 96 . . 1935. Aeropedellus clavatus Hebard, Ent. News, XLVI, p. 204. Seven specimens of this grasshopper, three males and four· females, are in the Museum collection from Dawes and Sioux counties in northwestern Nebraska. Bruner (1897) mentioned that it seemed to occur throughout the plains region of Ne­ braska. Hebard (1935) listed it from West Point, in Cuming County. Future collectors should :find this species in localized grassy upland areas. It evidently is able to survive under vary­ ing conditions as Ball, et al., (1942) reported it from mountain meadows at altitudes of 9,000 to 10,500 feet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 ~; July 8, 1910, 2 ~ ~. Crawford, June 10, 1910, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 1 ~. Sio1~x County, 1 ~, War Bonnet Canyon, 1 iJ.

Bruneria hrunnea (Thomas) 1871. Stenobothrus brunneus Thomas, Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming and Terr., II, p. 280. 1929. Bruneria brunnea Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXI, p. 330. No specimens of this grasshopper are in the collection. Steno­ bothrus brunnea Thomas, was reported by Bruner (1897), as AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 19 extending eastward nearly to middle Nebraska. According to Hebard (1928) this species "has been taken in North Dakota, the Black Hills of South Dakota, western Nebraska, central and northern Colorado and Idaho, but the higher portions of Montana and Wyoming are apparently its main stronghold. There, in short, dry grass of open mountain glades, it occurs locally ..." This species should be found across western Ne­ braska in the higher short grass areas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

S±e:thophyma platyptera (Scudder) 1862. Arcyptera platyptera Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Rist., VII, p. 462. 1873. Stethophyma platyptera Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer., p.99. This distinctive species was referred to by Bruner (1897) as -sp.? and as being "met with at rare intervals in wet places in the extreme northwestern part of the state." He­ bard (1925) stated that it prefers bogs and sedgy areas. The seven specimens of this species in the collection were taken at Cambridge (Furnas County) in August, 1920, by A. P. Morse. Hebard (1931) wrote of it as follows: "Though known over a very wide area this large and handsome grasshopper is rarely encountered. Like its allies, it is probably sometimes abundant in extremely limited areas of high rich grasses. This is in­ dicated by the large series which Morse has secured at Cam­ bridge, Nebraska." Cambridge is on the north edge of the Republican River Valley in the southwestern corner of the state. This grasshopper has been taken at Springfield, South Dakota, so should be found locally throughout most of N e­ braska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Furnas County, Cambridge, August 20, 1921, (A. P. Morse), 4 ~~, 3 ~~.

S±e±hophyma gracile (Scudder) 1862. Arcyptera gracilis Scudder, Can. Nat. and Geol., VII, p.286. 1873. Stethophyma gracilis Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer., p.99. 1896. Mecostethus gracilis Morse, Psyche, VII, p. 327. 1925. Stethophyma gracile Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 64. 20 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Recording it as Mecostethus gracilis (Scudder), Bruner (1897) stated that "this locust is quite common in meadows and along streams in the eastern half of the state." It is represented in the Museum collection by one male and one female collected at West Point, Cuming County, in the northeast quarter of Ne­ braska. According to Hebard (1925) it has a very local distri­ bution, is found inhabiting wet sedgy meadows, and becomes adult in August in South Dakota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, 1 3, 1 ~.

Sieihophyma lineaium (Scudder) 1862. Arcyptera Zineata Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p.462. 1873. Stethophyma Zineata Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer., p.98. 1925. Stethophyma lineatum Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 65. No specimens of this grasshopper are in the present collection. A thorough search of wet, swampy spots in eastern Nebraska should show its presence in local areas. Bruner (1897) reported it from groves in eastern Nebraska. Hebard (1925) recorded it as a larger and darker insect than gracile and as having a pale tegminalline. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Ageneo:l:eUix deorum (Scudder) 1876. Chrysochraon deorum Scudder, Bull. Geor. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, No.3, p. 262. 1897. Ageneotettix deorum McNeill, Psyche, VIII, p. 71. This species is quite generally distributed over Nebraska. It is an inhabitant of grama and buffalo grass pasture or range areas. During the past three or four seasons it has increased in importance as one of the species causing economic damage to the ranges of western Nebraska. One hundred and sixty speci­ mens (seventy-two males and eighty-eight females) have been gathered between June 23 and October 11 over the greater part of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, July 11, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 3; September 10, 1913, 1 3. Dakota County, South Sioux City, July 26, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~. Cuming County, West Point, 2 3 3, 3 ~ ~; July, 1888, 1 ~; September, 2 ~ ~; September, 1884, 2 3 3, 2 ~ ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, June 28, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~; July, 6 ~ ~; July 9, 1921, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~; July 9, 1934, (R. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 21

Roberts), 1 ~; July 10, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 3, 1 ~; July 11, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 3; July 18, 1929, 1 ~; July 19, 1928, 2 ~ ~; July 26, 1928, 2 ~ ~, August 2, 1928, 3 3 3, 1 ~, and August 10, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); August 18, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3, 1 ~; Aug­ ust 23, 1928, 1 3, August 30, 1928, 1 ~, September 3, 1928, 1 ~, and September 13, 1928, 2 ~ ~, (D. B. Whelan); October 1, 1932, (H. A. Hauke),l 3, 1 ~; October 9, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~; October 11, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 3 iJ iJ, 5 ~ ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 8 3 iJ, 5 ~ ~. Antelope County, Neligh, August 9, 1901, (M. Cary), 2 3 iJ. Boyd County, Lynch, June 27, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 iJ. Naper, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 3 3 3. Keya Paha County, Carns, August 24, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 iJ. Hall County, Grand Island, July 4, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3, 1 ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, July 18, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3, 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 6 iJ 3, 5 ~ ~. Thomas County, Halsey, July 25, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~; August 14,1920, (C. B. Philip), 3 3 iJ, 6 ~ ~; August 29, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 5 3 3, 1 ~. Hayes County, Hamlet, June 23, 1948, (H. A. Hauke), 3 3 3. Red WilLow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 ~ ~. Hitch­ cock C01mty, Trenton, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 iJ. Dundy County, Parks, August, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 7 iJ iJ, 4 ~ ~. Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 iJ, 3 ~ ~; August 14, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 1 3; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3, 4 ~ ~. Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 3. Dawes County, Crawford, July 17, 1947, 3 3 3, and July 18, 1947, 4 ~ ~, (H. A. Hauke). Pine Ridge, July, 1 3. Box Butte County, September, 1 6, 1 ~. Cheyenne County, August 12, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Brownson, July 30, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 3, 2 ~ ~. Glen, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Harrison, July 31, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 3 iJ.

Psoloessa ±exana pawne,e Rehn 1876. maculipennis Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geog1·. Surv. West of lOOth Merid., App. JJ, p. 508. 1897. Psoloessa ferruginea Bruner, Ann. Rept. Nebr. State Board of Agri., 1896, p. 129. 1942. Psoloessa texana pawnee Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXVIII, p. 188. Bruner (1897) listing this insect both as Psoloessa maculi­ pennis Scudder and P. ferruginea Scudder stated that it was common westward and quite common in the Sand Hills in early spring. Rehn (1942) listed its northern limit of distribution as the Pine Ridge country of southern South Dakota. From there it extends southward across central and western Nebraska. He recorded specimens from Holt County; the Sand Hills; Halsey, Thomas County; and North Platte and Brady Island, both in 22 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Lincoln County. Five specimens, taken from May to July, are in the collection. It is possible that this grasshopper, like the following, lives through the winter in the nymphal stage. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holt County, May, 1 i!J, 1 ~; June, 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, June, 1 i!J. Dismal River, July, 1 ~.

Psoloessa delicaiula delicaiula (Scudder) 1876. Scyllina delicat'ula Scudder, BuZZ. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, p. 263. 1876. Stirapleura decussata Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. SU?'v. West of lOOth Merid., App. JJ, p. 510. 1897. Stirapleura delicatula McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 271. 1928. Psoloessa deIicatula delicatula Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiIa., LXXX, p. 231. This diminutive grasshopper is found in the northcentral counties and westward in the state. The present southern limit of distribution is Boyd, Perkins and Deuel counties. It over­ winters in the nymphal form and adults appear early in the spring. Two nymphs were taken on September 26 in a native grass pasture in Deuel County. The nine adults in the collection were taken in June and JUly. According to Hebard (1925) the species prefers gravelly areas scantily clothed with short grasses. Four adults of this species were collected by L. Bruner at Worland, Wyoming, on April 25, 1916. In Bruner's 1897 list this grasshopper was referred to as Stirapleura decussata Scud­ der. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Boyd County, Butte, July 2, 1914, (R. W. Dawson), 1 ~. Brown County, Ainsworth, June 17, 1897, (R. S. Ris­ ing) , 3 i!J i!J, 2 ~ ~. Perkins County, Grant, June 22, 1905, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~. Deuel County, Big Springs, September 26, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 2 nymphs. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, June 25, 1913, (L. M. Gates), 1 ~.

Boopedon nubilum (Say) 1825. GryIrus nubiIus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, p.308. 1870. Boopedon nigrum Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiIa., p.83. 1870. Boopedon flavofasciatum Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiIa., p. 84. 1873. Boopedon nubiIum Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer.) p. 141, pl. 1, fig. 11. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 23

The eastern limits of distribution in Nebraska for this very distinctive grasshopper are Furnas, Frontier and Lincoln coun­ ties. Bruner (1897) listed it both as Boopedon nubilum Say and B. flavofasciatum Thomas, the first name referring to the black males and females and the latter to the females of the greenish­ brown phase. All males are a shining black color with wing length varying from three-fourths the length of the femora to even with the end of them. The females are usually brachyp­ terous and of the greenish-brown phase. Black ones are rare. There are eleven males, nine females, and one nymph in the collection. Two of the female specimens are black. One of these has wings extending to the tip of the femora. Those of the greenish-brown phase all have short wings except one. All of the specimens, except one, were collected in August. This species sometimes becomes of local economic importance in some of the short grass rangeland areas and also occasionally in pastures adjacent to cultivated fields. Ball, et al., (1942) record­ ed it as common in Arizona at altitudes from 2,200 to 5,500 feet. It is known as far north as North Dakota and south to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Furnas Cotmty, Hollinger, August 12, 1949, CH. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 5 ~ ~,4 Cj? Cj? North Platte, June 23, 1939, (0. S. Bare), 1 ~. Frontier County, Stockville, August 15, 1947, CH. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 Cj? Cj?; Aug­ ust 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 3 ~~. Sioux County, Glen, August 8, 1905, 1 Cj?, 1 nymph. Banner Cotmty, Pumpkin Creek in N.E. corner of county, August 23, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 Cj? Boopedon maculaium Caudell 1915. Boopedon nubilum var. maculatum Caudell, Proc. U. S. N at. Mus., XLIX, p. 9. 1931. Boopedon maculatum Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 146. Two male specimens of this grasshopper are in the Museum collection from Nuckolls and Thayer counties in southcentral Nebraska. They both were taken on pasture grasses and con­ stitute the first records of this species in Nebraska. Prior to this it had been found as far north as Jewell County, Kansas, which is just south of Nuckolls County. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nuckolls County, Superior, July 27, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Thayer County, Deshler, August 9, 1949, CH. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Boopedon auriventris (McNeill) 1899. Boopedon auriventris McNeill, Can. Ent., XXXI, p. 54. 24 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

1904. Boopedon savannarum Bruner, BioZ. Centr.-Amer., Orth.,II, p. 97. 1934. Boopedon auriventris Hebard, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., VII, p. 29. A single brachypterous female specimen from West Point, in the northeast corner of the state, is in the collection. Bruner (1904) in describing the synonym, savannarum, stated that it was "Found on the sand-hills and prairies in central and eastern Nebraska." It is quite rare in this area now as there are but few plots of prairie remaining and no specimens have been picked up in recent years. Hebard (1934) stated that "though known from very few localities, the species un­ doubtedly occurs over a wide area in eastern Nebraska, Kansas, southwestern Iowa, western Missouri ..." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, 1 'i?

Drepanopierna femoraium (Scudder) 1899. AuZocara femoratum Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XXV, p. 55. 1928. Drepanopterna femoratum Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LIII, p. 226, pI. XXII, figs. 10 to 13. This is another species found in extreme southwestern and western Nebraska and one which has been taken but rarely. Nineteen adults have been collected in Dundy, Sioux and Dawes counties in August. One nymph from Sioux County is also in the collection. Hebard (1928) recorded its known east­ ern limits of distribution as Newell. South Dakota; Glen, Sid­ ney and Haigler, Nebraska; Lakin, Kansas; and Quanah, Texas. In the summer of 1951 this species was observed to be quite numerous in rough hilly country north of Northport, Morrill County. It was listed as the "white cross grasshopper" by Ball, et aZ., (1942) who stated that the two white diagonal marks on the pronotum suggested the name. It is generally local in dis­ tribution and not so abundant as the following species. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 2 ~ ~, 2 'i? 'i? Dawes County, Chadron, August, 1888, 1 'i? Sioux County, 1 nymph. Harrison, August 2, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 8 ~ ~, 6 'i? 'i?

Aulocara ellioUi (Thomas) 1870. Stauronotus eZZiotti Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiZa., p.82. 1885. AuZocara eZZiotti Bruner, Can. Ent., XVII, p. 10. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 25

1904. Aulocara elliotti Gillette, Colorado Exp. Sta. Bull. 94, (Tech. Ser. No.6), p. 29. Thirty-one specimens of this rangeland grasshopper are in the Museum collection from the western three-fourths of the state. Seven males and twenty-four females vyere taken betwen June 26 and August 24. Two females were collected at Lincoln, in Lancaster County, which establishes a new eastern limit of distribution in this state. One male specimen from Lexington, in Dawson County, was obtained on June 26, 1936, together with several other species when a large flight of grasshoppers alighted in that area. During periods of abundance this grass­ hopper becomes quite injurious to the range grasses in the western half of the state. According to Bruner (1897) it was common in the middle and western part of the state but rather rare to the east. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 2 ~ ~. Nuckolls County, Superior, July 27, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Dawson County, Lexington, June 26, 1936, (from large flight), (J. C. Adams), 1 (). Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~. Reel Willow County, McCook, July 3, 1904, 1 ~; Aug­ ust 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 5, 1 ~. Dunely County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 5, 2 ~ ~. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 ~. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 5 ~ ~; July, (M. Cary), 2 5 5, 3 ~ ~. Glen, August 8, 1905, 2 ~ ~ ; August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 5, 1 ~. Monroe Canyon, August 20, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 1 ~; August 24, 1908, (R. W. Dawson), 1 5. Scotts Bluff County, Gering, August, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 ~ ~.

SUBFAMILY OEDIPODINAE

Arphia sulphurea (Fabricius) 1781. Gryllus sulphureus Fabricius, Spec. Ins., I, p. 369. 1920. Arphia sulphurea Blatchley, Orth. of Northeastern America, p. 252. This grasshopper has quite a wide range east of the Mississip­ pi River but is not too common on westward'into eastern N e­ braska according to Blatchley (1920). It overwinters in the nymphal stage and adults appear early in the spring. Hebard (1931) stated that this species "is known as far west as Pipe­ stone, Minnesota; Iowa City, Iowa; and Stillwater and Sawyer, Oklahoma; it should be found in extreme southeastern South Dakota, and eastern Nebraska and Kansas." Bruner (1897) found it to be not common in the eastern portion of the state. No specimens are in the present collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None 26 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Arphia conspersa Scudder 1875. Arphia jrigida Scudder, Dawson's Rept. Geol. 49th Parallel, p. 334. 1875. Arphia conspersa Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 514. Like the preceding species this one becomes adult early in the spring and most likely overwinters in the nymphal form. Adults have been collected at scattered localities over the state in April, May, and June. Seventeen males and eighteen females are in the collection. Holt and Cass counties are the eastern limits of distribution in the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass County, Weeping Water, 1 J. South Bend, 9 J J, 7 ~ ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, April, 1 J, 1 ~. Holt County, May, 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, June 22, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, 2 J J, 2 ~ ~; May 25, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 J. Dundy County, Haigler, June 20, 1905, 1 J, 1 ~. Dawes County, June 10, 1910, (L. Bruner), 2 J J, 2 ~ ~. Sioux County, 2 ~ ~; June, (M. Cary), 1 ~.

Alophia xan:thopten (Burmeister) 1838. Oedipoda xanthoptera Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. 1, p. 643. 1884. Arphia xanthoptera Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVIII, (9), p. 67. 1920. Arphia xanthoptera Blatchley, Orth. oj Northeastern America, p. 249. This is a common species in the eastern half of the state. It might be found locally to the southwest as one male specimen in the collection is from Imperial in Chase County. Adults appear in the prairie grass areas in the fall and have been taken from June 21 to November 2. Unless the label is in error one female specimen was taken in Cass County in May. The majority of the seventy-one specimens (thirty males and forty­ one females) were secured in August, September, and October. Hebard (1931) glwe eastern Nebraska as a western limit of distribution in the state while Bruner (1897) stated that it was found "also in the western part of the state." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, September 20, 1935, (E. C. Klostermeyer), 1 J. Cass County, Weeping Water, May, 1894, 1 ~. Murdock, September 18, 1930, 1 ~. Cuming County, West Point, August, 1888, 1 J; September, 1 J; September, 1886, 1 ~; October, 1884, 1 J. Lancaster County, Lincoln, June 21, 1 ~; June 27, 1930, (G. Dunn), 1 J; July, 1 J; July 31, 1921, (R. E. Weir), 1 ~; August, 1 ~; August 16, 1928, 1 ~; August 20, 1929, 1 J; August 28, 1928, 1 ~; August 29, 1929, 1 J, and August 30, 1928, 1 J, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 27

September, 1 J, 1

Al'phia simplex (Scudder) 1875. Arphia simplex Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,. XVII, p. 514. The western limit of this species of Arphia in the state is Buffalo County in the southcentral part. Hebard (1931) record­ ed it from Lincoln and Roca, both in Lancaster County. It has not been taken very often and only twenty-five specimens (nineteen males and six females) are in the collection. The adults were secured between May 27 and July 23. Three males and two females were taken at Lincoln at an electric light on June 1, 1934. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas C01mty, Omaha, June 11, 1 J, July 3, 1 J, July 7, 1

Arphia pseudoniefana pseudoniefana (Thomas) 1870. Tomonotus pseudo-nietanus Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiIa., p. 82. 1872. Oedipoda tenebrosa Scudder, Hayden's Final Rept. U. S. GeoI. Surv. Nebraska, p. 251. 1888. Arphia tenebrosa Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXX, (1), p. 165, n. 1. 28 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

1903. Arphia pseudonietana Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, p. 786. 1936. Arphia pseudonietana pseudonietana Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 34. Bruner (1897) in recording this species as Arphia tenebrosa (Scudder) mentioned that "This bright red-winged species is very common over the entire state." The present series of thirty-four males and twenty-one females verfies this distribu­ tion. This grasshopper is very conspicuous in flight as its bright­ colored red wings are showy against the dull dry grasses late in the season. Adults have been taken from late July to October 10. According to Hebard (1925) the species prefers areas of poor soil in a dry environment and is always found in the open. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, August, 1876, 1 ~; September, 1886, 1 <;1. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 2 <;1 <;1 ; August 24, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 <;1; October, 1 6, 1 <;1; October 9, 1922, 2 <;1 <;1; and October 10, 1922, 1 <;1, (C. B. Philip). Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 2 i!i ~. N1LCkoLls County, Superior, July 27, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 ~. Red Willow County, McCook, August 13, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 1 <;1. Hitchcock County, Stratton, August 14, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Sheridan County, Gordon, 3 i!i i!i; August 24, 1888, 1 <;1. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 6 ~ i!i. Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 i!i, and (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~, 1 <;1. Sioux County, July, 1 i!i. Bad Lands, August 10, 1908, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 2 <;1 <;1. Monroe Canyon, August 17, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 1 ~, 1 <;1; August 22, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 5 i!i~, 5 <;1 <;1. War Bonnet Canyon, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ i!i. Glen, August, 1905, 1 i!i; Aug­ ust 12, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~. Scotts Bluff County, Morrill, August 31, 1931, (D. B. Whelan), 1 <;1. Gering, August, (M. A. Car­ riker, Jr.), 1 <;1. KimbaLl County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 i!i ~.

Chor±ophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) 1773. Acrydium viridi-fasciatum DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Nat. Ins., III, p. 498. 1884. Chortophaga viridifasciata Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVIII, (9), p. 72. A common species of grasshopper over the entire state. It is found in two color phases, green and brown. It overwinters in the nymphal form and appears as adults early in the spring. On warm days during the winter the nymphs become quite active and many people believe that grasshopper eggs are hatching. Thirty-one nymphs are in the collection. They were taken between February 7 and April 6 and again on October 15. The seventy-three adults were secured between March 20 AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 29

and October 6 with the majority being found in April, May, and June. Bruner (1897) listed this grasshopper as Chimaro­ cephala viridifasciata DeGeer=vars. -r:adiata and infuscata. Ac­ cording to Hebard (1925) this species is "probably double brooded in South Dakota, adults being consequently found occasionally in the fall ...." The same is probably true in Ne­ braska and would account for the wide range in time during which the following adult specimens were taken. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, July 3, 1936, (E. Klostermeyer), 1 3; July 8, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 3. Sarpy County, Gretna, May 27, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3. Cass County,' Weeping Water, October 15, 1949, (E. W. Hamilton), 4 nymphs. Pawnee County, Burchard, May 5, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3. Lan­ caster County, Lincoln, 1 Cj1; March 20, 1924, 1 3; April, 1 3; April 5, 1949, (J. Lomax), 1 nymph; April 8, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3; April 11, 1931, (Muhle), 1 Cj1; (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj1; April 14, 1924, 1 3; April 16, 1931, (Muhle), 1 3, 2 Cj1 Cj1; April 17, 1909, (J. T. Zim­ mer), 1 3; April 20, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 3; April 20, 1902, (J. C. Crawford),l Cj1; April 22,1932, (C. Gollehon), 6 33,5 Cj1 Cj1; April 23, 1921, (R. W. Dawson), 4 Cj1 Cj1; April 26, 1902, (J. C. Crawford), 1 3; April 27, 1924, (D. B. Whelan), 1 3; April 28, 1929, (D. E. Eck­ hoff), 1 3; April 28, 1933, (Hill), 2 Cj1 Cj1; April 30, 1924, 1 3; May 1, 1923, (R. W. Dawson), 1 3, 3 Cj1 Cj1; May 1, 1929, (W. Giles), 1 Cj1; May 1; 1931, (A. J. Ebers), 2 Cj1 Cj1 ; May 3, 1927, 1 Cj1; May 4, 1924, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj1; May 5, 1930, (A. L. Roberts), 1 Cj1; May 6, 1924, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj1; May 7, 1924, 1 3; May 10, 1929, (W. Giles), 1 3; May 10, 1931, (G. Svoboda), 1 Cj1; May 12, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 3 3 3, 2 Cj1 Cj1 ; May 15, 1927, 1 3, 1 Cj1; May 20, 1924, 1 Cj1; May 20, 1930, (A. Mauch), 1 3; May 29, 1931, (Berger), 1 Cj1; June, (F. F. Ingersol), 1 3; June 24, 1933, (C. B. Philip), 1 3; June 30, 1929, 1 Cj1; August, (C. Roe), 1 Cj1; September, 1928, 1 Cj1; October 6, 1926, 1 Cj1. Roca, 1 Cj1. Martel, May 12, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 Cj1 Cj1. Saline County, Dorchester, May 12, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3. Thayer County, Alexandria, March 2, 1932, (G. E. Virgil), 3 nymphs. Brown County, Ainsworth, February 7,1932, (H. D. Taylor), 1 nymph. Boyd County, April 6, 1932, (L. D. Monson), 12 nymphs. Thomas County, Halsey, 1 3. Frontier County, Curtis, April 22, (L. Bruner), 1 Cj1. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, 1 3. Sioux County, 1 3, 2 Cj1 Cj1 ; June, (M. Cary), 1 Cj1. War Bonnet Canyon, 1 3, 1 Cj1. Scotts Bluff County, Morrill, June 7, 1930, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj1.

Encopfolophus sordidus costalis (Scudder) 1838. Oedipoda sordida Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 643. 1862. Oedipoda costalis Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p.473. 1934. Encoptolophus sordidus costa lis Hebard, Ent. News, XLV,p.104. 30 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Only thirteen specimens of this open grassland grasshopper are in the collection. The material was secured from two areas at opposite ends of the state, Douglas (eastcentral) and Sioux (extreme northwest) counties.' It should be more numerous in the western part of the state than in the east. Hebard (1925) mentioned a green color phase as being found occasionally in South Dakota. It is a species which matures late in the season and is usually present as long as any other grasshopper. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, August 22, 1936, (E. Klostermeyer), 1 J. Sioux County, Montrose, August 22, 1947, • (H. A. Hauke), 6 J J, 5

Encop:l:olophus pallidus subgl'acilis Caudell 1903. Encoptolophus s'L~bgraciLis Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, V, p. 163. 1935. Encoptolophus pallidus sub gracilis Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXI, p. 287. This species has n9t as yet been taken in Nebraska but exten­ sive collecting may show it to be rather abundant over the eastern and southern parts of the state. It has been recorded in South Dakota from Elk Point and Capa. The species is a south­ western one and is quite abundant in southwestern Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Encopiolophus sordidussordidus (Burmeister) 1838. Oedipoda sordida Burmeister, IIandb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 643. 1875. Encoptolophus sordidus Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. IIist., XVII, p. 479. 1934. Encoptolophus sordidus sordidus Hebard, Ent. News, XLV, p.104. Bruner (1897) found this grasshopper to be "quite common over most of the eastern half of the state in late fall.". The present series of twenty-eight males and twenty-one females were secured in Douglas, Cuming and Lancaster counties, all in the east. It matures late in the season, the adults being taken between August 22 and November 1. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, August 22, 1936, (E. Klostermeyer), 1 J; September 4, 1935, 1 J .. C'Wming County, West Point, 2

September 20, 1932, (Hill), 1 ~; September 22, 1926, (G. W. Deming), 1 ~; September 27, 1929, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; September 30, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~,1 ~; October, 1 ~; October 3, 1928, (D. B. Whe­ Ian), 1 ~,2 ~ ~; October 3, 1931, (Klingman), 1 ~; October 9, 1922, 5 ~ ~, and October 10, 1922, 2 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~, (C. B. Philip); October 11, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 4 ~ ~, 1 ~; October 18, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 3 ~ t; October 25, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 2 ~ ~; November 1, 1927, (R. Poch), 1 ~. Roca, October 31, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 2 ~ ~ .

Camnula pellucida Scudder 1862. Oedipoda peIlucida Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 472. 1874. Camnula peIlucida Scudder, Hitchcock's Rept. Geol. N. Hampshire, I, p. 378. 1920. Camnula peHucida Blatchley, Orth. of Northeastern America, p. 26l. Twelve specimens of this interesting grasshopper collected in Sioux County are in the present collection. Bruner (1893) in­ dicated that it had reached the western and northwestern parts of the state. One of the southern limits of distribution recorded by Hebard (1925) is western Nebraska. The species has been quite abundant in recent years in the Black Hills area of west­ ern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming. There it is found in open short prass areas of the pine-covered hills where it sometimes is very destructive to the grasses. "Blatchley (1920) stated that "The only species of the genus occurs throughout the northernmost United States and southern Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In the marking of the tegmina, form and color, it looks much like a diminutive Hippiscus." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sioux County, Agate, July 11, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 10 ~~, 1 ~; July 19, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~.

Hippiscus ocelole Saussure 1861. Oedipoda (Hippiscus) ocelote Saussure, Rev. Zool. (2), XIII, p. 398. 1884. Hippiscus rugosus Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XX­ VIII, (1), p. 83. 1892. Hippiscus variegatus Scudder, Psyche, VI, pp. 268, 30l. 1945. Hippiscus ocelote Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXXI, p. 86. Material has been taken in the eastern half of the state as far west as Thomas and Harlan counties. It was recorded by Bruner (1897) as Hippiscus rugosus Scudder from the greater part of the state and as H. variegatus Scudder in the eastern and south- 32 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

eastern sections. Hebard (1925) stated that it occurred as far west as western Nebraska. The twenty-four adults (eleven males and thirteen females) were collected in July, August, September, and October. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, August 22, 1936, (E. Klostermeyer), 1 C;? Saunders County, Ashland, August 16, 1938, (R. L. Gates), 1 C;? Lancaster Cotmty, Lincoln, July, 1 c;?; August, 1 t, 1 c;?; Salt Basin, September, 1 c;?; September 8, 1920, (Harrison), 1 c;?; September 18, 1923, 1 t; October 9, 1923, (C. B. Philip), 2 t t, 1 c;?; October 8, 1931, (D. B. Whelan), 1 c;?; October 18, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 C;? Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 1 t, 1 c;?; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 c;? Antelope County, Neligh, Aug­ ust, (Cary), 1 t, 1 c;?; August 9,1901, (M. Cary), 1 t. Bt~ffalo County, Shelton, August 7, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 t. Harlan County, Alma, September 25, 1934, (D. E. Eckhoff), 1 C;? .. Thomas County, Halsey, August 19, 1901, (C. B. Philip), 2 t ~, 1 C;?

Pardalophol'a apiculaia (Harris) 1835. Locusta apiculata Harris, Hitchcock's Rept. Geor. Mass­ achusetts, II, p. 576. 1920. Pardalophora apiculata Morse, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XXV, p. 462. This is another of the grasshoppers which overwinter in the nymphal stage and which appear in the adult form early in the spring. Eight nymphs were secured in a hay meadow in Brown County on February 2. Others were taken at various localities in April, August, and September. The thirty-one males and twenty-four females were secured between April 15 and September 17 from as far west in the state as Thomas and Dundy counties. This species was reported over the entire state as Hippiscus tuberculatus Pal. Beauv. by Bruner (1897). According to Hebard (1925) the insect prefers upland meadows and is usually found in small colonies. He also stated that this "insect has frequently been recorded as tuberculatus, due originally to an error by Beauvois." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, June 11, 1913, 1 c;?, June 12, 1913, 1 c;?, (L. T. Williams). Cass County, Weeping Water, 1 C;? South Bend, 2 ~ ~. Dodge County, Nickerson, September 10, 1931, (Awn), 1 c;? Lancaster County, Lincoln, 1 c;?; April, 3 ~~, 2 c;? c;?; April 15, 1908, 1 c;?; April 16, 1931, (Muhle), 1 c;?; April 17, 1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 t; April 23, 1930, 1 ~, 1 c;?, and April 25, 1929, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); April 26, 1902, (J. C. Crawford), 3 ~ ~ ; May 1, 1931, (A. J. Ebers), 1 c;?; May 9, 1929, 3 ~ ~, 1 c;?, and May 10, 1929, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); May 13, 1930, (A. L. Roberts), 1 c;?; May 16, 1929, 2 c;? c;?, and May 17, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 2 c;? c;?, (D. B. Whelan); May 20, 1928, (Nelson), 1 ~; May 20, 1929, (F. Ingersol), 1 ~; May 23, 1929, 3 ~ ~, and June 1, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); June 12, 1930, (Berger), AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 33

1 J; July 10, 1928, (Grau), 1 J; August 10, 1924, 1 ~; August 30, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph; September 17, 1929, (Schmid), 1 ~; September 27, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph. Roca, April 11, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 nymph. Antelope County, Neligh, June 19, 1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 2 J J. Boyd County, Lynch, June 21, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 J. Brown County, Ainsworth, February 2, 1932, (Taken in hay meadow), (H. D. Taylor), 8 nymphs. Thomas County, Halsey, May 15, 1912, 1 J, 1 ~, and May 25, 1912, 1 ~, (J. T. Zimmer). Dundy County, Haigler, June 26, 1905, 1 J. .

Pardalophora haldemanii (Scudder) 1872. Oedipoda haldemanii, Scudder, Hayden's Final Rept. U.S. GeoI. Surv. Nebraska, p. 251. 1884. Pardalophora haldemani Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVIII, (9), p. 83. 1892. Hippiscus xanthippus tigrinus Scudder, Psyche, VI, p.334. The original description of this insect was from specimens collected at Nebraska City and on the banks of the Platte River. Hebard, in 1925, wrote as follows: "We select as single type of Scudder's tigrinus the only non-alcohol specimen of the original series bearing definite data, taken at West Point, Nebraska, July, 1887, by L. Bruner; (Hebard collection, Type no. 977)." Eighteen males and seventeen females were secured at a light in Lincoln on June 1, 1934. One female specimen was obtained from a flight of grasshoppers at St. Paul, in Howard County, on June 16, 1939. Five females were secured at McCook, in Red Willow County, from a swarm arriving during a storm on June 6, 1939. Adults have been taken between June 1 and August 14. There is a series of three nymphs, thirty-four males and sixty-six females in the museum collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Richardson County, Rulo, July 3, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 1 ~. Cass County, June 23, 1915, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~. Saunders County, Ashland, July 12, 1914, (C. E. Mickel), 1 ~. Camp Gifford, July 22, 1937, (E. C. Klostermeyer), 2 J J. Lancaster County, Lincoln, May, 1 nymph; June 1, 1934, collected at light, (H. A. Hauke), 18 JJ,17 ~~;June6,1933,1 J,andJunel0,1933,1~, (C. Golle­ hon); June 19, 1933, 1 ~; June 29, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~, July 5, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; June 18, 1927, 1 ~; July 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~; July, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; July 29, 1934, (R. L. Gates), 1 ~; August 15, 1929, 1 ~, and August 23, 1 ~, (D. B. Whe­ Ian); September 30, 1932, 2 nymphs, and October 7, 1932, 1 nymph, (H. A. Hauke). Antelope County, Neligh, August 9, 1901, (M. Cary), 3 ~ ~. Boyd County, Lynch, June 21, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 J, 1 ~. Holt County, June, 1 ~. Greeley County, Greeley, 1 ~. Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Klingman), 1 J, 2 ~ ~, and (Livingston), 1 ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, July 4, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 J. Cherry County, 34 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

June 16, 1902, (R. H. Wolcott), 1 'i? Valentine, August, 1 ~, 1 'i? Dewey Lake Township, June 11, 1902, (R. H. Wolcott), 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, July 9, 1912, 3 'i? 'i?, July 23, 1912, 1 'i?, and August 6, 1912, 1 'i?, (J. T. Zimmer); August 14, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 'i? Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 'i? Red Willow County, McCook, June 6, 1939, from swarm arriving during storm, (C. C. Noyes), 5 'i? 'i?; July 23, 1 ~. Hitchcock County, Stratton, Aug­ ust 14, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 'i? Dundy County, Haigler, June 20, 1905; 1 'i?; August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, and (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 'i? 'i? Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 'i?, and (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 'i? Sioux County, June, (M. Cary), 3 ~ ~, 3 'i? 'i?; July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Scottsbluff, July 1, 1931, (D. Nash), 1 'i? Mitchell, August 12, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 1 'i? Xanihippus monianus (Thomas) 1872. Oedipoda montana Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, p. 462. 1892. Hippiscus (X.) mantanus Scudder, Psyche, VI, p. 361. The genus Xanthippus was originally described by Saussure (1884). It was used intermittently by various workers and Hebard (1928) finally separated the group Hippisci into the following seven genera: Hippiscus, Pardalophora, Xanthippus, Cratypedes, Sticthippus, Agymnastus, and Leprus. Bruner (1897) listed this insect as Hippiscus montanus Thomas and mentioned that it was common in the sand hill region. It ap­ pears as adults in the spring and is usually found in extremely sa,ndy areas. No specimens are in the collection but it has been recorded by Hebard (1925) from southwestern Holt County; War Bonnet Canyon and Glen, in Sioux County; Hal­ sey, in Thomas County; and Brady Island, in Lincoln County. Holt County and Brady Island are eastern limital points for Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. Xanihippus corallipes la:l:efasciaius Scudder 1892. Hippiscus Xanthippus latefasciatus Scudder, Psyche, VI, p. 359. 1925. Xanthippus~corallipes latefasciatus Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, pp. 78-79. This species is not represented in the present collection. Its eastern limit of distribution in Nebraska was listed by Hebard (1925) as War Bonnet Canyon, Sioux County, and Alliance, Box Butte County; both localities are in northwestern Ne­ braska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 35

Cratypedes neglectus (Thomas) 1870. Oedipoda neglecta Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiIa., p.81. 1876. Cratypedes neglectus Scudder, Bull. U. S. GeoI. S'urv. Terr., II, p. 267. Only one specimen, a male, is in the collection from Sidney, in Cheyenne County. Bruner in a manuscript marginal note on his 1897 list had added the name Hippiscus neglectus Thomas and stated that "This mountain inhabiting locust occurs spar­ ingly along Pine Ridge in Sioux county." Extensive collecting in extreme northwestern Nebraska will probably reveal the presence of this species in the localities of higher altitude. Ac­ cording to Hebard (1936) the known eastern limits of Craty­ pedes neglectus (Thomas) in the United States are Billings, Montana; Fort McKinley, Wyoming; and the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and northern New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheyenne COlmty, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 6. Tropidolophus formosus (Say) 1825. Gryllus formosus Say, Amer. Ent., II, pI. 34, fig. 2. 1873. Tropidolophus formosus Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer., p.138. This is probably one of the most unusual and beautiful grass­ hoppers found in the state. The highly arched crest of the pronotum together with the green body and orange wing colors make it most distinctive. Four male specimens are in the pres­ ent collection from Red Willow and Dundy counties. It un­ doubtedly will be found in additional local areas in south­ western Nebraska. Bruner (1897) recorded it as occurring sparingly along the extreme southwest border of the state. Hebard (1929) doubted the validity of Bruner's 1905 "Nebras­ ka" record and gave Greeley, Colorado, and southeastern Kans­ as as northern limits of distribution. The specimens listed be­ low will confirm Bruner's record. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Red Willow County, McCook, September 15, 1937, (F. M, Jordan), 2 t t. Dundy County, Haigler, August 20, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 2 t t. Dissosteira carolina (Linnaeus) 1758. G1·yIIus Locusta carolina Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., (10), 1, p.433. 1884. Dissosteira carolina Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XX­ VIII, p. 137. 36 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

A very common grasshopper found throughout the whole state. It frequents dusty roads and field margins and is com­ monly called the "Roadside Grasshopper," "Dusty Road Grass­ hopper," or the "Carolina Locust." Ninety-one adult specimens (forty-three males and forty-eight females) and two nymphs are in the collection. The adult material was secured between May 20 and October 26 with most of it being taken in July and August. One of the male specimens from Lancaster County was taken in coitus with a female of Dissosteira longipennis (Thomas) . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota County, So. Sioux City, July 16, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 <;? Washington County, Blair, October 10, 1928, (C. Gollehon), 1 i!J. Douglas County, Omaha, July 23, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 i!J. Cass County, Union, July 20, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 <;? Louisville, August 7, 1914, 1 <;?, and August 24, 1914, 1 i!J, (E. G. Anderson). Murdock, September 18, 1930, (L. C. Jackson), 1 i!J, 1 <;? Cuming County, West Point, June 28, 1930, (Muhle), 1 <;? Lancaste7· County, Lincoln, May 20, 1931, (C. F. Keech), 1 i!J; July 2, 1930, 1 <;?; July 5, 1912, 1 i!J; July 6, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 <;?; July 6, 1939, (W. Darlington), 1 <;?; July 7, 1914, (C. E. Mickel), 1 i!J; July 7, 1939, 1 <;?, July 8, 1939, 2 <;? <;?, and July 10, 1939, 1 8, 1 <;?, (R. Roberts); July 12, 1938, (W. Darlington), 1 <;?; July 12, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 2 <;? <;? ; July 15, 1928, 1 i!J; July 15, 1931, (P. Harvey), 1 <;?; July 15, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 i!J, 1 <;?; July 16, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 i!J, 1 <;?; July 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 2 i!J i!J; July 19, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 <;?; August, 1 i!J, 1 <;?; August, 1 i!J, (in coitus with a female D. longi­ pennis); August 2, 193~0, 1 <;?; August 5, 1937, (F. Sundeen), 1 <;?; August 10, 1924, 1 <;?; August 10, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 i!J; August 15, 1929, 1 i!J, and August 20, 1928, 1 i!J, (D. B. Whelan); August 21, 1930, (C. F. Keech), 1 <;?; September, (Jorgensen), 1 i!J; September 1, 1931, (Beach), September 2, 1928, 1 'i?; September 24, 1935, (W. Darling­ ton), 1 <;?; September 28, 1926, 1 <;?; October 1, 1931, (W. Waldo), 1 i!J; October 6, 1926, (G. W. Deming), 1 i!J; October 7, 1930, (End­ ers), 1 i!J; October 26,1931, (Hecht), 2 i!J i!J. Saline County, DeWitt, August 5, 1931, (W. Waldo), 1 <;? Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 2 i!J i!J, 1 <;?; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 i!J. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 i!J. Polk County, Polk, August, (Marshall),l <;? Boyd County, Naper, June 28,1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 i!J, 1 nymph. Greeley County, Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Klingman), 1 <;? Buffalo County, Shelton, August 8, 1932, 1 <;?, and August 26, 1932, 1 <;?, (H. A. Hauke). Thomas County, Halsey, August 29, 1912, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 i!J, 1 <;? Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 i!J, 2 <;? <;? North Platte, August 11, 1931, (Austin), 1 <;? Red Willow County, McCook, July, 1890, 1 nymph; July 23, 1904, 3 i!J i!J, 1 <;?; August 13, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 1 i!J, 1 'i? Chase County, Imper­ ial, September 1, 1930, (Heady), 2 i!J (;, 1 'i? Dundy County, Benk­ elman, July 31, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 i!J. Cheyenne County, Sunol, July 3, 1931, (Allington), 1 'i? Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 i!J, 2 'i? 'i? Monroe Canyon, August 23, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 1 i!J, 1 'i? Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, August 17, 1915, 1 i!J, and September 8, 1915, 1 i!J, (E. M. Partridge). AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 37

Dissosieira longipennis (Thomas) 1872. Oedipoda longipennis Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, p. 463. 1876. Oedipoda nebrascensis Bruner, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 123. 1915. Dissosteira longipennis H. E. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 293, pp. 1-12. This large and strong flying Oedipodinae has been taken in Nebraska as far east as West Point, Cuming County, and Lin­ coln, Lancaster County. In the past it has appeared in the state during periods of grasshopper outbreaks and migrations. Bruner (1897) wrote very interestingly of this insect as follows: "Dur­ ing the autumn of 1876, when the true Migratory Locust was passing over the eastern part of Nebraska, a large specimen of this long-winged hopper was seen to alight at West Point, in that state.... It was captured and shortly afterwards describ­ ed as Oedipoda nebrascensis . ... It has been quite destructive to crops of nearly all kinds in some parts of this and adjoining states, and has shown a tendency towards becoming a leading member among the list of destructive grasshoppers." In 1925 Hebard stated that "The species is widely distributed over the Great Plains in Colorado, western Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma; northwestern Texas, and northern New Mexico." It has not become a destructive grasshopper in Nebraska as Bruner feared it might. During recent years it has been held in check through control measures at the egg beds in areas south and southwest of Nebraska. Thirty-four adults (fifteen males and nineteen females) of this species, probably mostly mi­ grants, are now in the museum collection. As mentioned under the preceding species, one female from Lancaster County was taken in coitus with a male Dissosteria carolina (Linnaeus). Another of the females was collected at a light in August, 1914. All specimens were secured between July 9 and September 14.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, 3 ~ ~, 1 c;?; July 9, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 c;?; August, (in coitus with D. carolina), 1 c;?; August 18, 1914, (E. M. Partridge), 1 c;?; September, 1 ~, 1 c;?; September 14, 1895, 7 ~ ~, 5 c;? c;? Cherry County, Valentine, July 20, 1939, (D. E. Eckhoff), 1 C;? Red Willow County, McCook, August 10, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 c;?; August 17, (D. E. Eckhoff), 1 c;? Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~. Deuel County, Big Springs, August, 1896, 1 ~, 4 c;? c;? Box Butte County, September, 1 c;? Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 14, 1895, (Ray­ m(~llld and Moffit), 1 ~, 1 c;? Sioux County, War Bonnet Canyon, 1 ~. 38 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Spharagemon bolli Scudder 1875. Spharagemon bolli Scudder, Froc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, pp. 468-69. 1875. Spharagemon balteatum Scudder, Froc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, pp. 468-69. Bruner (1897) recorded this species as rather common in the timbered portions eastward and northward. He also recorded the synonym balteatum as moderately common over the state on the prairies. According to Hebard (1925) this species prefers a woodland environment. No specimens are in the present collection. It should be found at least over the northern half of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Spharagemon collare (Scudder) 1872. Oedipoda coHaris Scudder, Hayden's Final Rept. U. S. GeoI. Sun'. Nebraska, p. 250. 1872. Oedipoda wyomingiana Thomas, Rept. U. S. GeoI. Surv. Montana, p. 462. 1875. Spharagemon coHare Scudder, Froc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 470. 1920. Spharagemon wyomingianum Blatchley, Orth. of North­ eastern America, p. 282. A common species over the entire state. It is represented in the collection by a series of twenty-two males and thirty-one females collected from July 7 to October. The majority of them were taken in July and August. This species was found by Bruner (1897) to be plentiful in the central and western por­ tions of the state. At the same time he listed S. wyomingianum Thomas which he recognized as possibly a variety of S. coHare (Scudder). Hebard (1931) referred to it as a "sand loving insect." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass County, Louisville, July 31, 1914, (E. G. Anderson), 1 d. Cuming County, West Point, 1 d, 4 Cjl Cjl; July, 1884, 1 d; October, 1884, 1 Cjl. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 7, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 Cjl; July 11, 1939, 1 d, and July 13, 1939, 1 Cjl, (W. Darlington); July 15, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 d. Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 d. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 d, 3 Cjl Cjl; August 9,1901, (M. Cary), 1 d. Keya Paha County, Springview, July 28, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 Cjl. Holt County, Swan Lake, July 21, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 d, 1 Cjl. Franklin County, Franklin, July 29, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 d. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 Cjl. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 3 d d, 3 Cjl Cjl. Thomas County, Thedford, August 3, 1948, (0. S. Bare), 1 d, 1 Cjl. Halsey, July 24, 1912, 1 Cjl, July 25, AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 39

1912, 1 ~, and August 9, 1912, 1 ~, (J. T. Zimmer); August 13, 1920, 1 ~,August 14, 1920, 1 ~, and August 19, 1920, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip); August 26, 1912, 1 ~, and August 29, 1912, 1 ~, (J. T. Zimmer). Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 5 ~ ~ . .. Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Hitch­ cock County, Trenton, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Dundy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, 1 ~,and August 11 ,1901, 2 ~ ~, (L. Bruner). Box Butte County, Alliance, August 14, 1937, (N. Tolman), 1 ~. Sioux C01tnty, Glen, August 7, 1905, 1 ~, 2 ~ ~.

Spharagemon equale (Say) 1825. Gryllus equalis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, p.307. 1875. Spharagemon equale Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. }Jist., XVII, p. 468. According to Bruner (1897) this species was quite generally distributed over the state but nowhere numerous. Specimens have been taken in Hall and Custer counties in the central part of the state and from Sheridan, Sioux, Scotts Bluff, and Kim­ ball counties in western Nebraska. The twelve males and eleven females have been taken during July, August, and September. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: HaH County, Grand Island, July 21, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~, 1 ~. Sheridan C01tnty, Gordon, 2 ~ ~. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~, 1 ~. Monroe Canyon, August 16, 1908, 1 ~, 2 ~ ~, August 17, 1908, 2 ~ ~, August 20, 1908, 1 ~, August 22, 1908, 1 ~, 1 ~,and August 23, 1908, 1 ~, (C. H. Gable); August 24, 1908, (R. W. Dawson), 1 ~. Bad Lands, August 10, 1908, 1 ~. Glen, August 8, 1905, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, July 13, 1914, (L. M. Gates), 1 ~. KimbaH County, Bushnell, Aug­ ust 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~.

Deroimema haydenii haydenii (Thomas) 1872. Oedipoda haydenii Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Su'rv. Montana, p. 460. 1919. Derotmema haydenii haydenii Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLV, p. 230. Seven male and seven female specimens from Thomas, Red Willow, and Dundy counties are in the collection. This narrow­ winged grasshopper has been taken in both the yellow and pink wing-disc forms. In 1897, Bruner listed it from western Ne­ braska where it occurred quite plentifully on gravelly and sandy grounds along Lodge Pole Creek and the Platte River. Hebard (1925) reported it from Glen, in Sioux County, and Sidney, in Cheyenne County. 40 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thomas County, Halsey, August 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 <;>. Red Willow County, McCook, July 3, 1904, 2 <;> <;>; August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 ~ ~, 1 <;>; August 13, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 4 ~ ~, 2 <;> <;>. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 1 <;>.

Trachyrhachis kiowa kiowa (Thomas) 1872. Oedipoda kiowa Thomas, Rept. U. S. GeoI. Surv. Mon­ tana, p. 461. 1905. Trachyrhachis kiowa Bruner, BioI. Centr.-Amer., Orth., II, p.174. 1942. Trachyrhachis kiowa kiowa Ball, Uni. Arizona Tech. Buzz. 93, p. 310. A series of two nymphs, thirty-five males and fifty-nine females, represent this species. The nymphs were taken on June 15 and the adults between June 27 and September 1. It is common over the entire state but the collection is lacking in material from southcentral Nebraska. It usually frequents the buffalo and grama grass pastures and range. One male speci­ men was collected at a light in July at Lincoln. Two female specimens were secured from the dry sandy bed of the Platte River at Grand Island in July, 1933, and one male and two females were secured on July 8, 1936, from a migration flight at Overton in Dawson County. Bruner (1897) recorded this species as common over the entire state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, July, 1888, 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, June 15, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 2 nymphs; July, collected at electric light, 1 ~; July 6, 1934, CH. A. Hauke), 1 <;>; July 6, 1939, 1 <;>, and July 11, 1939, 1 ~, (W. Darlington); July 12, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 1 <;>; July 12, 1939, (E. C. Klostermeyer), 1 ~, and (W. Darlington), 2 <;> <;> ; August 14, 1933, (E. c. Klostermey­ er), 1 <;>; August 18, 1934, (R. E. Hill), 1 <;>. Knox County, Niobrara, 2 ~ ?;; (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce, 2 <;> <;>. An­ telope County, Neligh, August 9, 1901, (M. Cary), 1 ~; August 24, 1904, (M. Cary), 1 ~. Boyd County, Lynch, June 27, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 <;>. Naper, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 2 ~ ~. Hall County, Grand Island, July 4, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 2 <;> <;>. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~. Dawson County,Overton, July 8, 1936, (from migration flight), (J. C. Adams), 1 ~, 2 <;> <;>. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 1 ~,2 <;> <;>. Thomas County, Halsey, July 25, 1912, (J. T. Zimmer), 2 <;> <;> ; August 19, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 <;>. Red Willow County, McCook, August 13, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 1 ~, 2 <;> <;> • .. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 <;>. Sheridan County, Gordon, 6 ~ ~, 6 <;> <;>. Hay Springs, July 30, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 <;>. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 7 ~ ~, 13 <;> <;>. Box Butte County, September, 2 <;> <;>. Cheyenne County, Sidney, Aug­ ust 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 <;>. Sioux County, Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 5 ~ ~, 5 <;> <;>. Montrose, August 22, 1947, (H. A. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 41

Hauke),l Cj1. War Bonnet Canyon, August 22, ]947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 (), 3 Cj1 Cj1. Scotts BLuff County, Mitchell, July 9, 1914, 1 (), and July 13, 1914, 1 Cj1, (M. L. Gates). Gering, August, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 (), 1 Cj1. Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 Cj1.

Trachyrahachis kiowa :l:homasi (Caudell) 1880. Mestobregma cincta Thomas, 9th Rept. State Ent. Illi­ nois, p. 113. 1904. Mestobregma thomasi Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash­ ington, VI, p. 125. 1931. Trachyrhachis kiowa thomasi Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 161. According to Hebard (1931) this species of grasshopper is known as far north as Kansas. Since distribution records show that it has been taken over eastern Kansas it should be found in southeastern Nebraska. No specimens have been collected to date. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Trachyrhachis aspera Scudder 1876. Trachyrhachis aspera Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. Surv. West of lOOth Merid., App. JJ, p. 512. This species is not represented in the present collection but is included in this list since it has been reported from Pine Bluffs, Wyoming. The town of Pine Bluffs is just west of the Kimball County Nebraska line. This grasshopper is likely to be found in the extreme southwestern part of the Nebraska Panhandle. Bruner, in 1897, listed a species Traychyrhas mexicana Saussure which probably should have been Traychyrhachis mexicana Saussure. He undoubtedly referred to T. aspera Scudder and stated that it was found in moderate numbers near the Wyo­ ming line in this state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Mes:tobregma pla:t:tei pla:t:tei (ThOlpas) 1873. Oedipoda plattei Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Sun). Terr., V, p.123. 1919. Mestobregma plattei plattei Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., LXV, p. 238. Writing of this species in 1893, Bruner stated that although "it is rare in the state it has been taken on several occasions in the extreme southwestern part." The present series of three 42 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM males and four females are from Dawes and Scotts Bluff coun­ ties. Since this species is found in western Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota, it should be found over the west­ ern end of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 'i> 'i>. $iotLX Cmmty, July, (M. Cary), 1 (j. Scotts Bluff County, Gering, August, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 (j (j, 2 'i> 'i>. Me±a±or pardalinus (Saussure) 1884. Psinidia pardalina Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XX­ VIII, (9), pp. 161-162. 1906. Metator pardalinus Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LVIII, p. 381. Eleven specimens are in the present collection. This species should be found north and south across the western half of Nebraska. This rather striking short-grass species has been found in western Kansas, South Dakota, Colorado, and Wyo­ ming. Bruner (1897) listed it as very common upon the prairies over the entire state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cherry County, Valentine, 1 (j. Red Willow County, McCook, July 3, 1904, 1 'i>. Morrill County, Northport, August 2, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 (j, 1 'i>. Sioux County, Harrison, August 1, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 5 (j (j, 2 'i> 'i> • Psinidia fenesferalis fenes:t.eralis (Serville) 1839. Oedipoda fenesteralis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p.726. 1873. Psinidia fenesteralis Stal., Recens Orth., I, p. 133. 1919. Psinidia fenesteralis fenesteralis Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLV, p. 247. It is entirely possible that this species will be found in the eastern half of Nebraska although it is not represented in the present collection. Bruner (1897) recorded it as rare in north­ western Nebraska but Hebard (1925) questioned this record and stated that the northwestern limits of this insect were eastern Iowa and southeastern Minnesota. It has been recorded in Kansas, however, from as far west as the middle portion of the state, (Hebard, 1931). Beamer (1917) stated that "It usually chooses'low sandy locations and is accompanied by species of Arphia, Trimertropis and Mestobregma (Trachyrhachis) ," SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. Trimero±ropis gracilis gracilis (Thomas) 1872. Oedipoda gracilis Thomas: Rept. U. S. Geol. S-urv. Mont­ ana,p.461. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 43

1901. Trimerotropis gracilis McNeill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, p. 412. 1928. Trimerotropis gracilis gracilis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXX, pp. 250-251. In his lists of 1893 and 1897, Bruner recorded Conozoa gracilis Thomas as "found occasionally in southwestern Nebraska along the Platte river." Hebard (1925) believed this listing was based on material of a different species. There is no definite record of it having been taken in Nebraska but it has been recorded from Buffalo, South Dakota; Douglas, Wyoming; and Greeley, Colorado. It would appear logical, therefore, to as­ sume that it might be found in sage-brush areas of western Nebraska where ecological conditions are very similar to the above mentioned localities. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

T10imel"o:tropis sparsa (Thomas) 1875. Oedipoda spars a Thomas, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. Geol. Expl. and Surv. w. of lOOth Merid., V, p. 883, pI. XL V, fig. 6. 1889. Trimerotropis perplexa Bruner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 74. 1928. Trimerotropis spars a Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXX, p. 252. The only known records of this species in Nebraska are from Bruner's description in 1889 of the synonym Trimerotropis per­ plexa and from the material in the collection of the Philadel­ phia Academy of Science. It was described from specimens col­ lected in the Badlands north of Chadron during the month of August. Bruner referred to it as a "peculiarly perplexing form belonging to the group of non-banded winged species ..." He further wrote "This peculiar locust ... is partial to nearly bare surfaces ... more or less strongly impregnated with alkalies. It is a noisy insect and produces a very decided clatter when upon the wing." It was included in his lists of 1897 and 1893. According to Hebard (1936) it is also known from the Bad­ lands in Sioux County. This area in northwestern Nebraska is a few miles west of the Chadron Badlands. Since it is known from Buffalo and Interior, South Dakota, and from Wor­ land, Wyoming, this species should be found in future collec­ tions from northwestern Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. 44 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Trimero:tropis fra:tercula McNeill 1900. Trimerotropis fratercula McNeill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, p. 438. T. fratercula was described from specimens taken at Pine Bluffs, Wyoming, just west of the Kimball County Nebraska line. This grasshopper should be found across the extreme west end of Nebraska. Seven specimens (four males and three females) are in the collection from Dawes and Sioux counties. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 ~ ~, 1

Trimero:l:loopis pallidipennis pallidipe'nnis (Burmeister) 1938. Oedipoda pallidipennis Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 641. 1884. Trimerotropis pallidipennis Saussure, Mem. Soc. Gen­ eve, XXVIII, (9), p. 171. 1928. Trimerotropis pallidipennis pallidipennis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXX, pp. 253-254. Ball, et al., (1942) reported this grasshopper in Arizona as being one of considerable economic importance. According to them "Migrations occur especially in June and July at which time much damage may be done in cultivated areas." It is not of economic importance in western Nebraska and adjacent areas. Twenty-one specimens (nine males and twelve females) represent this species in the collection. They are from the western one-third of the state and were taken in August. In the eastern portion of Nebraska this race is replacd by pallidipennis salina. Bruner in 1896 listed this insect as Trimerotropis vin­ culata Scudder and as found rather frequently in middle and western Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1

Trimero:tropis pallidipennis salina McNeill 1900. Trimerotropis salina McNeill, Psyche, IX, p. 33. 1928. Trimerotropis pallidipennis salina Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXX, p. 253. This species is found locally at alkaline or saline depressions in the plains area. It is found in the Dakotas, eastern Kansas and south into Oklahoma. According to Hebard it is also found AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTH01?TERA OF NEBRASKA 45 about alkali depressions on the Great Plains of Colorado. The entire series of forty-seven specimens in the collection are from Lincoln. Bruner in his 1897 list recorded this insect as Trimerotropis-sp. He stated that "There is a form of locust that approaches the preceding (T. vinculata Scudder) found upon the salt basins here at Lincoln that may be new." Later in a manuscript note appended to this list he recorded it at T. salina McNeill. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, July, collected at elec­ tric light, 3 i!J i!J; July 4, 1920, (R. W. Dawson), 3 i!J i!J; July 11, 1920, 1 i!J, July 15, 1920, 2 ~ ~, July 16, 1920, 1 i!J, and July 19, 1920, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip); September, 1888, 2 i!J i!J, 1 ~; September 17, 1917, (L. Bruner), 3 i!J i!J; October 10, 1922, 1 i!J, and October 18, 1922, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip); July 11, 1920, 5 i!J i!J, 4 ~~; September, 12 i!J i!J, 5 ~~. Salt Basin, (Lincoln), 1 ~.

Tl'imero:tropis campes:tris McNeill 1900. Trimerotropis campestris McNeill, Psyche, IX, p. 31. Not represented in the present collection. This species should be found in western Nebraska as it has been taken in South Dakota as far south as Martin and Pine Ridge. It was described by McNeill (1901) from Pine Bluffs, Wyoming. Hebard (1936) stated that "It is very frequently taken in company with Spharagemon equale (Say), the resemblance between in­ dividuals of these two species being often remarkable." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Tloimeroiropis ciirina Scudder 1876. Trimerotropis citrin a Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, p. 265. Although recorded by Hebard (1931) as a southeastern species found north to "central Nebraska," this insect is not represented in the present collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Trimeroiropis agres:tris McNeill 1900. Trimemtropis agrestris McNeill, Psyche, IX, p. 32. This species is found in western Nebraska as far east as Thomas and bundy counties. A series of eight male and six females are in the collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thomas Cmmty, Halsey, July 29, 1912, 1 ~, and August 7, 1912, 2 ~ ~, (J. T. Zimmer); August 14, 1920, 2 ~ ~, and August 20, 1920, 1 i!J, (C. B. Philip). Dundy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 2 i!J i!J. Box Butte County, September, 2 i!J i!J. Cheyenne County, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 3 i!J i!J, 1 ~. 46 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Trimeroil'opis pisirinaria Saussure 1884. Trimerotropis pistrinaria Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVII, (9), p. 173. 1893. Hadrotettix gracilis Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., III, p.25. 1900. Trimemtropis bruneri McNeill, Psyche, IX, p. 31. 1925. Trimerotropis pistrinaria Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 165. In 1893 and 1897 Bruner recorded this insect as Hadrotettix gracilis Bruner and stated that it was quite abundant in some portions of the west and northwest. Eastern limits in the state are the extreme western counties and Dundy County in the southwest. McNeill (1901) described this insect as T. bruneri. The localities from which he had recorded the insect at that time were Hot Springs, South Dakota; Cheyenne, Wyoming; and Chadron, Nebraska. Sixteen adult specimens (ten males and six females) are in the present collection. They were col­ lected during the months of July and August. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner),l 6. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 6. Cheyenne County, Sidney, July 26, 1912, (L. M. Gates), 1

Trimeroiropis laiicincia Saussure 1884. Trimerotropis laticincta Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVIII, (9), p. 169. This species has not been taken in the state in recent years. Specimens in the collection are from Dawes, Sioux, and Scotts Bluff counties, all in the extreme west end of the state. The three males and three females were collected in July and August. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 3

Trimero:tropis cincfa (Thomas) 1870. Oedipoda cincta Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.80. 1901. Trimerotropis cincta McNeill (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, p. 414. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 47

This species has been taken in northern Sioux County in the northwest corner of the state. It has also been taken in South Dakota at Game Lodge and Hot Springs, to the north of Sioux County. Hebard (1925) recorded it from "the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico; from Amidon, North Dakota and from Pine Ridge, Nebraska." The twelve male and four female specimens in the collection were all taken in August. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sioux Cotmty, August 8, 1905, 11 (; (;, 4 c;? C;? Monroe Canyon, August 28, 1908, (R. W. Dawson), 1 (;. HadroteUix :l:rifasciaius (Say) 1825. Gryllus trifasciatus Say, Amer. Ent., II, pI. 34, fig. 4. 1876. Hadrotettix trifasciatus Scudder, in Wheeler's Ann. Rept. Geogr. Surv. West of lOOth Merid., App. JJ, p. 511. This insect is distributed over most of Nebraska and has been taken as far east as Cuming, Knox, and Lancaster counties. With its heavy body it is easily recognized in both the immature and mature stages. Bruner (1897) listed it as occurring sparing­ ly over the central and western parts of the state. A series of twenty-one male and twenty-four female specimens were secured between June and September 1. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, June, 1887, 1 (;. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 8, 1939, 3 (; (;, 1 c;?, and July 10, 1939, 3 c;? c;?, (R. Roberts); August 1, 1929, (D. B. Whelan), 1 (;, August 21, 1931, (C. Gollehon), 1 (;. Knox County, Niobrara, 2 (; (;, 1 c;? Polk County, Polk, August, (Marshall), 2 c;? c;? Franklin Cotmty, Franklin, August 3, 1937, (W. Waldo), 1 C;? Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 (;, 2 c;? c;? Cherry County, Valentine, 1 (;. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 c;? Red Willow .county, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 (;. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 (;; August 15, 1949, (H. A Hauke),2 c;? c;? Dawes County, Ft. Robinson, August, 1888, 1 (;. Pine Ridge, July, 1 (;. Box Butte County, September, 1 (;. Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 2 c;? c;? Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 (; (;, 4 c;? c;? Glen, August 8, 1905, 1 (;, 2 c;? c;? Monroe Canyon, August 17, 1908, 1 c;? Bad Lands, August 10, 1908, (L. Bruner), 1 (;. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, July 13, 1914, (L. M. Gates), 1 c;?; August 8, 1923, (L. G. Worley), 1 (;. Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 c;? CircoieUix rabula rabula Rehn and Hebard 1871. Oedipoda undulatus Thomas, Rept. U. S. GeoI. Surv. Montana, p. 460. 1906. Circotettix rabula Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 393, figs. 13 and 14. 1921. Circotettix rabula rabula Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLVII, p. 179. 48 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Whether or not this race will be found in Nebraska is not known. It is included here since a large collection of Circotettix in the state might show a series typical of rabula rabula. Bruner undoubtedly meant this or the following species when he listed Circotettix undulatus (Thomas) from the sand hill region and western portion of the state in 1897. Rehn in 1921 listed material as a typical C. rabula rabula toward C. rabula nigrafasciatus from the Bad Lands in Sioux County and from Gordon in Sheridan County. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Circo:teUix rabula nigrafascia:tus Beamer 1917. Circotettix nigrafasciatus Beamer, Bull. Uni. Kansas, XVIII, No.1, p. 123, fig. 108. 1921. Circotettix rabula nigrafasciatus Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLVII, p. 181. This interesting species is represented in the collection by a series of twelve males and six females secured in Sheridan, Dawes, Box Butte, and Sioux counties in northwestern Ne­ braska. Hebard in 1925 wrote of this species as follows: "Lar­ gest and handsomest of the races of rabula, nigrafasciatus repre­ sents one of the most striking forms of insect life on the bare slopes and precipices of mesas and hillsides, as it crackles loudly in vigorous and erratic flight over its favorite habitat." He recorded it from Fort Robinson, Sidney, Dismal River, and Broken Bow. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sheridan County, Hay Springs, August 17, 1923, 1 Cjl. Dawes County, Ft. Robinson, August, 1888, 1 (). Box Butte County, September, 1 (), 1 Cjl. Sioux County, July, (M. Cary), 3 () (). Bad Lands, Mouth of Monroe Canyon, June 21, 1911, (R. W. Dawson), 2 () (). Glen, August 7, 1905, 3 () (); August 8, 1905, 2 () (), 3 Cjl Cjl. Monroe Canyon, August 12, 1908, 1 Cjl.

Heliaula rufa (Scudder) 1899. Aulocara rufum Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XXXV, p. 55. 1915. Heliaula rufa Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLIX, p. 27. This rather scarce species is represented in the collection by a series of six female specimens from Sidney at the south edge of the Nebraska Panhandle. They were collected in 1901 by Bruner. He listed this species in a manuscript note on the mar­ gin of a copy of his 1897 list and indicated that it was "found on high ground among short grasses" and "apt to occur where AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 49 the slopes are strewn with gravel." According to Hebard (1925) Sidney is an eastern point of distribution. Eastern limits to the south are Greeley, La Salle, Colorado Spring, and Canon City, Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 6 <;1 <;1.

SUBFAMILY BATRACHOTETRIGINAE Brachystola magna (Girard) 1845. Brachypeplus magnus Girard, in Marcy, Expl. Red River of Louisana, p. 260, Zool. pI. XV, figs. 1-4. 1876. Brachystola magna Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, p. 267. Quite common over the state, this large grasshopper is locally called the "Lubber" and the "Homesteader."" Its large size when compared to other species of grasshoppers and wingless condi­ tion make it a conspicuous insect. As it jumps about it is rather clumsy and is easily captured. A series of nineteen males, nine­ teen females, and nine nymphs are in the collection. The nymphs were secured between June 19 and July 18 while the adults were taken betwen July 14 and October 12. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 12, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph; July 14, 1937, (Harris), 1 ~; August 15, 1929, 1 ~, 2 <;1 <;1; August 24, 1928, 1 <;1, August 29, 1929, 1 ~, and September 7,1928,1 8, (D. B. Whelan); October 12,1929, (McLean), 1 ~. Greeley County, Greeley, August, 1931, (Klingman), 2 ~ ~, 1 <;1. Buffalo County, Ravenna, August 1, 1929, (Orcutt), 1 ~. Cherry County, Simeon, August 21, 1929, 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, Aug­ ust 13,1920,3 <;1 <;1, and August 20,1920, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip). McPher­ son County, Tryon, June 19, 1939, (H. A. Hauke), 3 nymphs. Lincoln County, North Platte, August 18, 1930, (Austin), 1 ~, 1 <;1. Frontier County, Curtis, August 17, 1931, (Hecht), 1 ~. Dtmdy County, Max, June 19, 1947, (Hauke), 1 nymph. Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bru­ ner), 1 ~, 1 <;1. Dawes County, Crawford, July 18, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 nymphs. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Glen, August, 1905, 5 ~ ~, 6 <;1 <;1. Monroe Canyon, August, 1908, (R. W. Dawson), 1 <;1. Bad Lands, August 10, 1908, (C. H. Gable), 1 <;1. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, August 13, 1923, (L. G. Worley), 1 C;>.

SUBFAMILY CYRTACANTHACRINAE Paropomala wyomingensis (Thomas) 1871. Opomala wyomingensis Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, p. 152. 1889. Mesops cylindricus Bruner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, p.48. 50 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

1899. ParopomaZa wyomingensis Scudder, Psyche, VIII, p. 437. Recorded by Bruner (1889) as Mesops cyZindricus sp. nov., this interesting locust has been found as far east in the state as Wheeler, Cherry, Thomas, and Dundy counties. Bruner found it at Valentine and Chadron from whence he described it. Twenty-six male and twenty-seven female specimens are in the collection. Material has been gathered between July 29 and Septemb~r. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wheeler County, Bartlett, July 30, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 is, 1 ~; August, 1 ~. Sand Hills, July, 3 is is. Thomas Cotmty, Halsey, August 4, 1948, (M. H. Muma) , 2 ~ ~; August 13, 1920, 1 ~, and August 19, 1920, 2 is is, (C. B. Philip); August 27,1912, 1 ~,and August 29,1912, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 is. DUndy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, 4 is is, 4 ~ ~, and August 11, 1901, 5 is is, 7 ~ ~, (L. Bruner); August 10, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 5 is is, 3 ~~. Deuel County, Big Springs, July 29, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 is, 2 ~ ~. Box Butte County, September, 2 ~ ~. Panhandle, 1940, 2 ~ ~. Sioux County, Mansfield Siding, August 29, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 is.

Schistocerca americana americana (Drury) 1770. LibeHuZa americana Drury, Wustr. Nat. Rist., I, pI. XLIX, fig. 2, p. 128. 1899. Schistocerca americana Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XXXIV, pp. 447, 474. 1931. Schistocerca americana americana Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiZa., LXXXIII, p.169. A series of sixteen specimens of this distinctive grasshopper are in the present collection. Fifteen of these are from south­ eastern Nebraska and one is from Phelps County in the south­ central part of the state. Hebard (1931) listed southeastern Kansas as the probable northern limit of continuous distribu­ tion of this species. It becomes quite numerous in states to the east and south. The "Bird Locust" as it is sometimes called is quite difficult to capture because of its powerful flight. In many localities where this species occurs in large numbers it is of economic importance. According to Riley (1891) it "was very abundant in 1876 in Missouri, Tennessee, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia. They caused much de­ vastation, devouring in many places everything green, even alighting on trees.... " Control of this species has been neces­ sary in some localities in southeastern states in recent years. The five males and eleven females have been taken between May 25 and October 31. One adult female specimen was col- AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 51 lected in a greenhouse on the Agricultural College campus in Lincoln on December 22. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass County, South Bend, June 25, 1915, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~. Richardson County, Barada, September 1, 1949, (H. A. Hauke); 1 ~. Otoe County, Syracuse, October, 1932, (L. Antes), 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, May 25, 1925, 1 J; June 7, 1900, 1 J; July 3,1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~; July 7, 1932, (Vance), 1 ~; September 30, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 J; October 2, 1921, (R. W. Dawson), 2 ~ ~ ; October 7, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 J; October 18, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 J; October 31, 1949, (E. Hamilton), 1 ~; December 22, 1937, (In college green house), (0. S. Bare), 1 ~. Fillmore County, Fairmont, August, 1913, (G. W. Deming), 1 ~. Phelps County,Loomis, October 5, 1939, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~.

Schis:tocera linea:ta Scudder 1899. Schistocera Zineata Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XXXIV, p. 465. This insect is quite common throughout Nebraska. It is an inhabitant of grassland areas. Thirty-three males and twenty­ nine females have been taken between July 21 and October 11. This species is probably not of any economic importance in the state except as it appears in mixed populations of grass feeders. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, August 10, 1938, 1 J, August 11, 1938, 1 J, and August 28, 1938, 1 J, (E. C. Klostermey­ er). Cass County, Weeping Water, August 24, 1931, (Livingston), 1 ~. Child's Point, September 2, 1914, (E. M. Partridge), 1 ~. South Bend, October 5, 1904, 2 ~ ~'. CtLming County, West Point, September, 3 J J, 1 ~. Saunders County, Cedar Bluffs, September 27, 1913, (G. W. Dem­ ing) , 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 21, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 ~ ; August 2, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; August 11, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 ~, 2 ~ ~ ; August 12, 1921, (C. B. Philip), 1 J; August 20, 1928, 1 ~, August 29, 1928, 1 ~,August 30, 1928, 1 J, 1 ~, September 3, 1928, 1 ~, and September 10, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); September 11, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~; September 24, 1928, (Grau), 1 ~; September 27, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 2 ~ J, 1 ~; September 30, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 J J, 2 ~ ~ ; October 2, 1913, (E. G. Anderson), 1 J; October 3, 1929, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; October 7, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 J, and (C. Gollehon), 2 J J, 1 ~; October 11, 1939, (J. West), 1 ~; October 11, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Gage County, Beatrice, September, 1900, 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 2 ~ J; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 J. Rock County, July 27, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Cherry Cotmty, Val­ entine, 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, August 13, 1920, 2 J J, 1 ~, August 14, 1920, 1 ~, and August 19, 1920, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip). Lin­ coln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 J, 1 ~. Frontier County, July 21, 1931, (R. Hecht), 1 J. Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 J, 1 ~. Dundy County, August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Box Butte County, September, 1 J. Scotts Bluff County, Scottsbluff, October 5, 1904, 1 ~. 52 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Schis±ocerca obscura (Fabricius) 1798. Gryllus obscurus Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 194. 1920. Schistocerca obscura Blatchley, Orth. of Northeastern America,p.317. Bruner (1897) listed this species from Nebraska as "only met with occasionally in the southeastern part of the state." This record was questioned by Hebard (1931). He believed it to be incorrect and that richly colored specimens of S. lineata had been so identified. In 1916 Rehn and Hebard discussed obscura and gave its range as the extreme southeastern states. Hebard in 1931 listed it as being found in southeastern Kansas. Four specimens, one male and three females, have been taken in southern Nebraska west to the southcentral part of the state in recent years. The females are considerably larger and heavier than the preceding species, S. lineata. It evidently is a strong flier and a migrant into this area. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pawnee County, Table Rock, September 11, 1949, (On rosebush), (0. S. Bare), 1 3, 1 <;? Gosper County, Elwood, 1 <;? Furnas County, Beaver City, August 28, 1940, (H. A. Hauke), 1 <;?

Hypochlora alba (Dodge) 1876. Pezotettix alba Dodge, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 10. 1893. Hypochlora alba Brunn., Mus. Genova, XXXIII, p. 145. This species was originally described by. Dodge from speci- mens collected at Glencoe, in Dodge County. Bruner (1897) listed it as quite common on sage in eastern, middle, and north­ western parts of Nebraska. With the exception of those speci­ mens taken in Lancaster County the present series is from counties north of the Platte River. Extensive collecting should reveal the presence of this species in more counties south of the river. All of the fifty-eight specimens in this series are brachypterous. They were collected between August 2 and October. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, 1 3, 3 <;? <;?; August, 1884, 1 3, 1 <;?; September, 1884, 5 3 3, 12 <;? <;? Lancaster County, August 16, 1928, 2 <;? <;?, August 18, 1 <;?, August 20, 1928, 1 <;?, August 23, 1928, 1 <;?, August 29, 1928, 1 3, 2 <;? <;?, September 7, 1929, 2 <;? <;?, and September 10, 1928, 1 <;?, (D. B. Whelan); September 13, 1917, (L. Bruner), 1 <;?; September 14, 1913, (E. G. Anderson), 1 <;?; September 17, 1917, (L. Bruner), 3 33,1 <;?; October, 1 <;? Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 <;? Cherry County, Valentine, August, 4 3 3, 3 <;? <;? Arthur County, Arthur, August 12, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 1 <;? Deuel County, Big Springs, September 26, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 1 teneral <;? Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 <;? AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 53

Dawes County, Ft. Robinson, August, 1888, 1 ~. Pine Ridge, July, 1 'i1. Cheyenne County, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 'i1. Sioux County, Glen, August 8, 1905,3 'i1 'i1.

Campylacan:l:ha olivacea olivacea (Scudder) 1875. Pezotettix olivacea Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 472. 1897. Campylacantha olivacea Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX,p.51. 1925. Campylacantha olivacea olivacea Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 96. Bruner (1897) recorded this species from the eastern and middle portions of the state where it was not rare. This olive­ green brachypterous grasshopper prefers weedy areas. It should be found throughout the eastern and northern parts of Nebraska. The forty-seven specimens in the collection are from three localities in Lancaster County in eastern Nebraska and Cherry and Sheridan counties in northwestern Nebraska. Four nymphs were taken in July and the adult specimens from August to October 9. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, 1 'i1; July 4, 4 nymphs; August, 20 ~ ~, 5 'i1 'i1; September 7, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 'i1; September 17, 1917, (L. Bruner), 3 'i1 'i1; September 27, 1928, 1 'i1, and October 6, 1931, 2 ~ ~, 1 'i1, (D. B. Whelan); October, 2 'i1 'i1; October 9, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~,2 'i1 'i1. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 ~. Nenzel, September 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke),) ~. Sheridan County, Niobrara River, September 27, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~~.

Aeolplus turnbulli bruneri Caudell 1876. Caloptenus regalis Dodge, Can. Ent., VIII, pp. 11-12. 1897. Aeoloplus regalis Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, pp.71-73. 1907. Aeoloplus bruneri Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, VIII, p. 134. 1936. Aeoloplus turnbulli bruneri Hebard, N. Dakota Exp. Sta. Bull. 284, p. 62. The name Aeoloplus is used in this paper for the present, in place of Aeoloplides. Henderson (1941) wrote that "Hebard formerly regarded Caudell's name Aeoloplides as unnecessary· and held to Scudder's name of Aeoloplus as proper for the genus. However, he is apparently n9w [letter from Hebard to Henderson, dated February 21, 1941J in agreement with Cau­ dell, so that the name Scudder proposed has become a syno­ ~ym." 54 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

All specimens in the museum collection were determined by Herbert S. Wallace as AeolopHdes turnbuHi bruneri Caudell. A series of two males and seventeen females has been taken from Lancaster County on west. This grasshopper at times builds up large populations in localized areas but is not of economic importance. It is usually found in places where the Russian thistle plant is abundant-along weedy roadside mar­ gins and in wheat stubble. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, July 2, 1939, (W. Darlington), 1

Hespero:te:Uix viridis viridis (Thomas) 1872. Caloptenus viridis Thomas, Rept. V. S. Geor. Surv. Montana, p. 450. 1930. Hesperotettix veridis viridis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXII, p. 392. This species is not represented in the present Nebraska col­ lecti9n. Hebard in 1925 stated that Sidney was an eastern limit of distribution for Nebraska and that he could "not recognize as valid Bruner's . . . assertion that viridis occurs everywhere on the prairies of Nebraska and Kansas." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Hesperoteiiix vh'idis pratensis (Scudder) 1897. Hesperotettix pratensis Scudder, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., XX,p.64. 1930. Hesperotettix viridis pratensis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXII, p. 392. A series of ten males and thirty-one females of Hesperotettix in the collection has been placed under this name for the present. In correspondence with Dr. Gurney of the U. S. Na­ tional Museum he stated that "until a good revision can be done on this group, spending very much time on color forms is probably not justified." The specimens listed below are all from the north half of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, 1877, 1

1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~, 1 Cjl; July 8, 1939, (R. Roberts), 4 ~ 6, 2 Cjl Cjl ; July 10, 1929, 1 Cjl, and September 14, 1929, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan). Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 6, 1 Cjl. Antelope County, Neligh, (Cary), 2 Cjl Cjl. Boyd County, Manowi, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cjl. Greeley County, Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Kling­ man), 1 ~. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 2 Cjl Cjl. Thomas County, Halsey, July 29, 1912, 1 ~, 1 Cjl, and August 9, 1912, 1 Cjl, (J. T. Zimmer); August 13, 1920, 1 Cjl, August 14, 1920, 2 Cjl Cjl, and August 20, 1920, 1 Cjl, (C. B. Philip). Dismal River, July, 1 Cjl. Lincoln County, North Platte, June 2, 1939, (0. S. Bare), 1 Cjl. Deuel County, Big Springs, July 19, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 Cjl. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 Cjl Cjl. Sioux County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 Cjl Cjl. Glen, August 8, 1905, 1 ~, 4 Cjl Cjl. Bad Lands, August 10, 1908, 1 Cjl. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, (E. E. Wehr), 1 Cjl.

HesperofeUix speciosus (Scudder) 1872. Pezotettix speciosa Scudder, Hayden's Final Rept. U. S. Geor. Surv. Nebraska, p. 250. 1897. Hesperotettix speciosus Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 66 .. The "Sunflower" grasshopper, as this species is commonly referred to, is quite common over the state. Bruner (1897) found the same to be true and stated that "it has been known to occur in sufficient numbers to do some harm to growing crops of certain kinds. It is one of the few that has been in­ cluded among the destructive species of North America." This has not been the case, however, in more recent years in this area and the species is not now considered as one of maj or economic importance. It is usually found on or close to wild sunflower plants and in weedy areas. Fourteen males, twenty females, and four nymphs were taken between July and August 29.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, ·West Point, 2 ~ ~; July, 1884, 1 6; July, 1888, 1 nymph; September, 1884, 1 Cjl. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 ~,2 Cjl Cjl; August 24, 1929, 1 Cjl, and August 29, 1929, 1 Cjl, (D. B. Whelan). Webster County, Red Cloud, August 2, 1910, (J. T. Zimmer), 4 ~ ~, 3 Cjl Cjl. Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 18, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 Cjl. Franklin County, Franklin, July 29, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 nymphs. Thomas County, Halsey, July 25,1912, (J. T. Williams), 1 Cjl; August 13, 1920, 1 Cjl, and August 19, 1920, 1 ~, 1 Cjl, (C. B. Philip). Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~, 2 Cjl Cjl. Red Willow Cotmty, McCook, 1 Cjl. Keith County, Ogallala, August 1, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 nymph. Dundy County, Benkel­ man, July 31, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 3 Cjl Cjl. Haigler, August 11, 1906, (L. Bruner), 2 Cjl Cjl. 56 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Para:l:ylo:tropidia brunnel'i Scudder 1897. Paratylotropidia brunneri Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 118, pI. IX, figs. 4 and 5. This species is not represented in the present museum col­ lection. It has been recorded from Cowley County in south­ eastern Kansas. Hebard (1931) stated that "In 1925 we omit­ ted the Dakota record from our South Dakota paper ... and we believe that there is doubt as to the accurcy of the labeling." Scudder (1897) described this species from one male collected in "Dakota" by L. Bruner and one female from Dallas, Texas. It has been taken at Sargent's Bluff, Iowa, just across the Missouri River from Dakota County, Nebraska. Rehn and Rehn (1943) stated that it "is definitely a prairieland type ... while having an extensive north and south distribution it apparently does not enter the Great Plains area.... " They also recorded it as spotty, or local, in distribution. On the basis of the above records, this species should be present in eastern Nebraska but might not be very common. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Pal'oxya hoosiel'i (Blatchley) 1892. Pezotettix hoosieri Blachtley, Can. Ent., XXIV, p. 31, n.4. 1898. Paroxya hoosieri Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 382, n. 2, fig. 9, pI. 25. Although there is no actual record of this species having been taken in Nebraska there is a possibility that it might be found in the extreme southeastern part of the state. Bruner in 1897 recorded the grasshopper Paroxya atlantica Scudder, or hoosieri Blatchley as follows: "I have never taken this locust within the state, but have been informed that one occurs along the Missouri river that answers the description of either quite well." Hebard (1931) believed that it might be found along the Missouri River forming the northeastern boundary of Kansas, and that it was undoubtedly this insect to which Bruner re­ ferred in his 1893 Nebraska list as Paroxya atlantica (?). Scudder (1897) listed it from Indiana and Ohio. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus discolor (Scudder) 1879. Pezotettix discolor Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XX, p. 81. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 57

1897. Melanoplus discolor Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXVI,p.7. This species is included in the present list since it has been recorded from Grant, Osborn, and Clark counties in Kansas, and from Capa, in Lyman County, South Dakota. It should be found in the western half of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; None.

Melanoplus beameri Hebard 1931. Melanoplus beameri Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 175, Text-figs. 1 and 2. There is a possibility that this grasshopper might eventually be found in extreme southeastern Nebraska. It was described by Hebard (1931) from specimens taken at Kansas City, Miss­ ouri, and Leavenworth, Kansas. He stated that the Leaven­ worth series "was collected a half mile north of the city on the southeast slope of a hill covered with trees and heavy underbrush. Some were out in the open along a pasture fence." SPECIMENS EXAMINED; None.

Melanoplus gloacilis (Bruner) 1876. (July) Pezotettix gracilis Bruner, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 124. 1897. Melanoplus gracilis Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phila. Soc., XXXVI, p. 16. According to Bruner (1897) this insect was "found quite abundantly in the eastern part of the state in woods." In his original description of this species he listed the habitat as "Omaha, Nebraska; August to October," (1876). A single female specimen taken at Omaha in September is in the Ne­ braska collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, September, 1 <;1.

Melanoplus scudderi scudderi (Uhler) 1864. Pezotettix scudderi Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p.555. 1925. Melanoplus scudderi scudderi Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, pp. 99-100. This brachypterous grasshopper is found across eastern N e­ braska. It has been taken in extreme southeastern South Da­ kota, the northwestern limit of the species. Hebard (1925) recorded it as an eastern form with its western limits of distri- 58 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM bution as Springfield, South Dakota; eastern Nebraska; Brown County, Kansas; South McAlester and Caddo, Oklahoma, and Myra, Texas. A series of twelve males and thirteen females taken in September and October is in the collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, 6 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~. Cuming County, West Point, 1 ~; September, 1884, 1 ~, 1 ~. Cass County, South Bend, October 2, 1904, 4 ~ ~. Dodge County, North Bend, 1894, 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, August, 1 ~; September 14, 1929, 1 ~, 1 ~; October 3, 1929, 1 ~; October 22, 1928, 1 ~, and October 25, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan). Roca, October 31, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~.

Melanoplus scudderi laius Morse 1906. MeIanopLus scudderi Latus Morse, Psyche, XIII, p. 192. This grasshopper has been taken across eastern Kansas as far north as Brown County which adjoins Richardson County, Ne­ braska, on the south. It should, therefore, be found in the south­ east corner of Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus walshii Scudder 1876. Pezotettix occidentaHs Bruner, (nec Thomas), Can. Ent., VIII, p. 124. 1897. MeIanopLus waLshii Scudder, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p.235. 1897. MeLanopLus bLatchLeyi Scudder, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 322. Bruner in his 1897 Nebraska list recorded MeLanopLus bLatch­ Leyi Scudder as "found in the eastern part of the state in woods where it is moderately common." Blatchley (1920) indicated that the name bLatchLeyi was a synonmy of waLshii. He also mentioned that this insect frequents upland woods and thickets. It is rather a clumsy bodied insect and is brachypterous. He­ bard (1931) gave its western limit of distribution in Nebraska as Omaha and Peru. Both localities are in the Missouri River valley in extreme eastcentral and southeast Nebraska. Two femal~ specimens, both from Omaha, are in the collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, September, 1 ~; September 7, 1935, 1 ~.

Melanoplus huroni Blatchley 1898. MeIanopLus huroni Blatchley, Psyche, VIII, p. 195. This species is found in extreme northwestern Nebraska. One female specimen from Sioux County is in the collection. It was AN ANNOTATED LIST OF· THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA. 59 recorded from the Black Hills in South Dakota and the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming by Hebard in 1925 and 1936. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sioux County, 1 'i?

Melanoplus diffel"en±ialis (Thomas) 1865. Acridium difjerentiale Thomas, Trans. Illinois State Agr. Soc., V, p. 450. 1885. Melanoplus difjerentiaZis Bruner, BuZZ. Washburn Call. Lab. Nat. Rist., I, No.4, p .139. This is the largest and one of the most destructive species of this genus in the state. It is very common in all crop land dis­ tricts and under optimum conditions for development causes crop losses of great economic importance. The color of this in­ sect usually becomes darker as the season progresses. In some localities colonies exhibiting varying degrees of melanism are to be found. Nymphs usually appear during the last of June or the forepart of JUly although one was taken in Sioux County as late in the season as August 22. The eighty-seven adults in the collection were taken between June 27 and October 23. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: DotLglas County, Omaha, 4 i!J i!J; September, 1886, 1 'i?; September 24, 1927, (Nelson), 1 'i? Sarpy County, Child's Point, September 2, 1914, (E. lVI. Partridge), 1 'i? Cass County, South Bend, October 5, 1904, 1 i!J, 3 'i? 'i? Cuming County, West POint, Sep­ tember, 1 i!J; September, 1884, 3 i!J i!J, 1 'i? Saunders County, Ashland, July 12, 1914, (E. M. Partridge), 1 'i? Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 i!J, 1 'i?; July 7, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 nymph; July 12, 1911, 1 i!J; July 19, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 1 i!J, 4 'i? 'i? ; July 22, 1949, (E. W. Hamil­ ton), 1 nymph; July 22, 1938, (W. Fager), 1 i!J, 1 'i?; August, 2 i!J i!J ; August 2, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 'i?; August 4, 1931, (P. Harvey), 1 i!J; August 5, 1920, 1 i!J, and August 10, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 i!J; August 16, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 i!J, 1 'i?; August 18, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 1 i!J; August 20, 1928, 1 i!J, 1 'i?, and August 30, 1928, 1 i!J, (D. B. Whelan); September, 1 'i?; September 6, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 i!J; September 14, 1932, (Hill), 2 'i? 'i?; September 27, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 i!J; October 1,1930, (Dowell), 1 'i?; October 1, 1931, (C. Gollehon), 1 i!J; October 6, 1931, (D. B. Whelan), 1 'i?; October 11, 1932, 4 i!J i!J, and October 23, 1932, 1 i!J, (H. A. Hauke). Knox County, :Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 1 i!J; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 i!J, 2 'i? 'i? Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 i!J. Boyd County, Lynch, June 27, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph, 1 'i? Naper, June 23, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph. Buffalo County, Shelton, August 3, 1932, 1 'i?, August 7, 1933, 1 i!J, August 8, 1932, 1 'i?, Augus~ 9, 1932, 1 i!J, 3 'i? 'i?, and August 18, 1933, 1 i!J, (H. A. Hauke). Lmcoln Cot~nty, Brady, June 8, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 nymph. Frontier County, Curtis, August 21, 1932, (Hecht), 1 i!J, 1 'i? Cherry County, Merriman, July 31, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 'i? Keith Cotmty, Ogallala, August 1, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 i!J i!J, 1 'i? Red Willow County, Indianola, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 i!J. McCook, August 13, 1909, (C. H. Gable), 1 'i? Hitchcock County, Trenton, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 i!J. 60 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Dawes County, Crawford, July 18, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 nymphs. Scotts Bluff County, Scottsbluff, October 5, 1904, 1 ~. Mitchell, Aug­ ust 9, 1915, 1 ~, and August 19, 1915, 2 ~ ~, (E. N. Partridge). Sioux County, Montrose, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 nymph.

Melanoplus bivi:t:l:a:lus (Say) 1825. Gryllus bivittatus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil a., IV, p.308. 1838. Caloptenus femoratus Burmeister, Handb., Ent., II, Abt. II, Pt. I, p. 638. 1874. Melanoplus bivittatus Scudder, Hitchcock's Rept. Geol. N. Hampshire, I, p. 376. Like the preceding species bivittatus is common over the crop land areas of the state and at times causes crop damage of great economic importance. It also is sometimes very numerous in weedy spots in range land areas. Bruner (1897) mentioned both of these species in his list as being destructive to crops and gardens. This insect is a little smaller than differentialis but is one which is readily recognized as the "two-striped" grasshop­ per by most farmers. This grasshopper usually hatches a little earlier in the season than does differentialis. Three nymphs in the collection were taken on June 15 and a series of seventy­ six adults were taken between June 21 and October 18. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota C01mty, South Sioux City, July 8, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~, 1 ~. Cass Cotmty, South Bend, October 5, 1904, 1 ~. Dodge County, Fremont, October 18, 1922, 1 ~. Lancaster County, Prairie Home, June 22, 1937, (Roberts & Hill), 1 ~. Lincoln, June 29, 1936, (Whetington), 1 ~, 1 ~; July 10, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~,July 18, 1929, 1 ~, 1 ~, July, 1928, 1 ~,July 26, 1928, 1 ~, and August 1, 1929, 1 ~,1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); August 10, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~; August 15, 1929, 1 ~, August 16, 1928, 1 ~, August 29, 1929, 1 ~, August 30, 1928, 1 ~, September 7, 1929, 1 ~,and September 14, 1929, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); September 23, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~; October 3, 1929, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~. Saline Cotmty, DeWitt, June 25, 1931, (W. Waldo), 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 2 ~ ~. Nance County, Fullerton, June 15, 1901, 3 nymphs. Nuckolls County, Super­ ior, July 27,1932, (H. C. Jones), 2 ~~. Boyd County, Lynch, June 21, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~,3 ~ ~. Spencer, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whe­ Ian), 1 ~. Naper, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~, 1 ~. Greeley County, Greeley, June 26, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~. Spalding, July 1, 1~31, (Klingman), 1 ~. Buffalo County, Ravenna, August 3, 1929, (D. Orcutt), 1 ~. Shelton, July 1, 1932, 2 ~ ~, 2 ~ ~, July 2, 1932, 1 ~, 1 ~,August 8, 1933, 1 ~,August 9, 1932, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~,and August 18, 1933, 1 ~, (H. A. Hauke). Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~. Thomas Cotmty, Halsey, August 27, 1912, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 ~. Lincolfl, County, Brady, July 8, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 3 ~ ~. Red Willow County, Indianola, July 30, 1947, (H. A. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 61

Hauke), 1 ~. McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 S? Hitchcock County, Trenton, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Keith County, Ogallala, August 1, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~,2 S? S? Dawes County, Crawford, July 18, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~. Cheyenne County, Sunol, June 28, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 S? Sioux County, June, (M. Cary), 2 S? S?; July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 S? Scotts Bluff County Scottsbluff, July 1, 1930, (D. Nash), 1 ~. Mitchell, August 2, 1923, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~, 1. S? ; August 22, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 1 S?

Melanoplus punctulatus (Scudder) 1862. Caloptenus punctulatus Scudder, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 465. 1874. Melanoplus punctulatus Scudder, Hitchcock's Rept. Geor. N. Hampshire, I, p. 376. This species was recorded by Bruner (1897) as "Found in rather small numbers in oak groves in the extreme eastern part of the state." Hebard (1931) stated that "It i~ an arboreal species, so resembling the bark of trees that individuals are very easily overlooked by the collector." Blatchley (1920) quoted E. M. Walker as having found this species ovipositing on old tree stumps and logs. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus ponderosus viola (Thomas) 1876. Pezotettix viola Thomas, Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist., I, p. 68, n. 36. 1879. Melanoplus ponderosus Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 84. 1920. Melanoplus ponderosus viola Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLVI, p. 370, footnote 18. There is a possibility that this species might be found in the extreme southeastern section of the state. Bruner (1897) listed a species "Melanoplus violus Thomas" as being found in that area. Hebard (1931) thought that it might be found "in the forest undergrowth of river bottoms in extreme eastern Kansas" as it had been reported from central Missouri. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder) 1875. Pezotettix dawsoni Scudder, Dawson's Rept. Geor. 49th Parallel, p. 343. 1897. Melanoplus dawsoni Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc:, XXXVI, p. 10. 62 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Twenty-five specimens of this brachypterous grasshopper are in the present collection. The eight males and seventeen fe­ males were taken between August 3 and October 23. Lincoln and Lancaster counties are the southern limits of distribution of the species in the state. Bruner (1897) listed it as not rare in the state on low grounds. In addition to localities recorded below, Blatchley (1920) listed this species from Valentine, Cherry County, and Hebard (1925) listed it from Ft. Robinson, Dawes County. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cuming County, West Point, 5 <;1 <;1; Sep­ tember, 1 <;1; October, 1884, 1 8, 1 <;1. Lancaster County, Lincoln, Aug­ ust 9, 1928, 1 <;1, August 20, 1928, 2 <;1 <;1, August 28, 1928, 1 8, 3 <;1 <;1, August 29, 1929, 1 8, August 30, 1928, 2 <;1 <;1, September 13, 1928, 1 8, 1 <;1, September 27, 1928, 1 8, 1 <;1, and October 25, 1928, 1 8, (D. B. Whelan). Knox County, Niobrara, August 3, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 8. Lincoln C01mty, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 8.

Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder 1897. Melanoplus gIadstoni Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 229. The eastern limits of distribution of this species in the state are Sheridan, Deuel, and Dundy counties. A series of fourteen male and eleven female specimens taken between July and September 26 are in the collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 3 <;1 <;1 ; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 8 8, 1 <;1. Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 8; August 21, 1.947, (H. A. Hauke), 4 8 8. Deuel County, Big Springs, September 26, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 3 8 8, 3 <;1 <;1. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 8 8. Sioux County, Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 8 8, 1 <;1. War Bonnet Canyon, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 8, 1 <;1. Kimball County, Bushnell, August 20, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 <;1.

Melanoplus arizonae Scudder 1879. Melanoplus arizonae Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XX, pp. 64-65. There is no record of this insect having been taken in Nebras­ ka but it should be found in the extreme southwestern two or three counties along the Republican River valley. It has been taken in western Kansas as far north as Rawlins County. This county is immediately south of Hitchcock County, Nebraska. Ball, et aI., (1942) listed it from "Arizona to Oklahoma, Kansas, southwestern Texas, and Mexico." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 63

Melanoplus regalis (Dodge) 1876. Caloptenus regalis Dodge, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 11. 1907. Melanoplus regalis Morse, Furth. Res. N. Amer. Acrid., p. 51 (Publ. Carnegie Mus., no. 68, p. 51). According to Hebard (1931) this species has been known from Dodge County and the Republican River in Nebraska. In a marginal manuscript note on a copy of his 1897 list Bruner list­ ed this species from "S. W. Nebraska and Dodge county?" Dodge described this species from specimens collected at Glen­ coe, in Dodge County. It is known from southwestern Kansas and to the south and west of Kansas. It has not been taken by collectors in Nebraska in recent years. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus confusus Scudder 1897. Melanoplus confusus Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 339. 1897. Melanoplus minor Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXVI, p. 29. This species is quite common in both cultivated areas and grass lands of the entire state. It hatches early in the season and the nymphs are difficult to separate from those of three or four similar species of this genus. Adults have been taken between June 7 and August 31. Bruner (1897) listed it as M. minor Scudder. One female specimen in the collection from War Bonnet Canyon in Sioux County is labelled "Mel. minor Scudder's Type, 1895." A series of thirty-three males and nine­ teen females is in the collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nebraska, 1 <;'. Dakota County, South Sioux City, July 3, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 6. Cass County, South Bend, June 23, 1915, (L. Bruner), 8 6 6, 2 <;' <;'. Cuming County, West Point, June 8, 1 6; September, 3 <;' <;'. Lancaster Cotmty, Lincoln, July, (F. A. Burnham), 1 6; July 5, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 2 6 6; August, 1 <;'; August 31, 1903, (LaForge), 1 <;'. Greeley County, Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Klingman), 1 6. Howard County, St. Paul, June 26, 1933, (D. B. Whelan),l 6. Boyd County, Monowi, June 26,1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 6. Holt Cmmty, Swan Lake, July 21, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 <;'. Keya Paha County, Springview Bridge, June 18, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 <;'. Brown County, Ainsworth, June 7, 1897, (R. S. Rising), 1 6. Cherry County, Valentine, June 21, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 5 6 6, 2 <;' <;'; August, 2 66. Dewey Lake Township, June 11, 1902, (R. H. Wolcott), 1 6. McPherson County, Tryon, June 19, 1939, (H. A. Hauke), 1 6, 1 <;'. Dawes County, Crawford, June 10, 1910, (L. Bru­ ner), 1 <;'. Sioux County, Harrison, June 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 6. War Bonnet Canyon, (Labelled Mel. minor, Scudder's Type, 1895), 1 <;'. 64 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Melanoplus femur-rubrum femur-rubrum (DeGeer) 1773. Acrydium femur-rub rum DeGeer, Mem. I'Hist. Nat. Insects, III, p. 498. 1874. Melanoplus femur-rubrum Scudder, Hitchcock's Rept. Geor. N. Hampshire, I, p. 375. 1925. Melanoplus femur-rubrum femur-rubrum Hebard,Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p.l06. Another very common species throughout the state is one known as the "Red-legged" grasshopper. It becomes quite numerous in cultivated areas and at times very much so in alfalfa fields. It is one of the four important species of Melano­ pH in the state. The mature adults vary somewhat in colora­ tion from a rather drab appearance to a brilliant plumbeus and yellow. A series of eighty-six males and sixty-five females have been taken between June 19 and October 21. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota County, South Sioux City, August 3, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 ~. Homer, August 2, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Washington County, Blair, July 20, 1929, (C. Gollehon), 1 ~. Douglas County, Omaha, 9 ~ ~, 7 ~ ~ ; August 28, 1912, (L. T. Will­ iams), 1 ~. Cass County, Weeping Water, September 24, 1904, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 ~. Cuming County, West Point, 2 ~ ~; July, 1884, 1 ~; August, 1884, 1 ~; September, 1887, 1 ~. Dodge County, Fremont, October 10, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~, 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 5 ~ ~, 1 ~; July 26, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~; August, 1 ~, 1 ~; August 6, 1920, 1 ~, 1 ~, and August 9, 1920, 1 ~, (C. B. Philip); August 10, 1928, 1 ~,August 16, 1928, 1 ~,August 28, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~, August 30, 1928, 2 ~ ~, September 3, 1928, 2 ~ ~, Sep­ tember 6, 1928, 1 ~, 2 ~ ~, and September 13, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whe­ Ian); September 14, 1932, (Hill), 2 ~ ~; September 26, 1926, 1 ~; September 27, 1928, (D. B. Whelan). 1 ~; October, 1 ~; October 7, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~; October 9, 1922, 1 ~, and October 10, 1922, 2 ~~, 3 ~~, (C. B. Philip); October 11, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 3 ~ ~; October 21, 1932, (C. Gollehon), 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 5 ~ ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 8 ~~, 3 ~~. Antelope County, Neligh, (Cary), 2 ~~, 2 ~~. Buf­ falo County, Shelton, August 8, 1932, 3 ~ ~, and August 9, 1932, 4 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~, (H. A. Hauke). Harlan County, Republican City, July 28, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~, 1 ~. Keya Paha County, Carns, August 29,1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Sand Hills, July, 1 ~. Cherry County, Dewey Lake Township, June 19, 1902, (R. H. Wolcott), 1 ~. Nenzel, Sep­ tember 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 5 ~ ~,3 ~ ~. Thomas County, Halsey, August 14, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~. Red Willow County, Indianola, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 4 ~ ~, 3 ~ ~. McCook, July 3, 1904, 1 ~; August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~, 1 ~. Hitchcock County, Culbertson, July 29, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Perkins County, Grant, July 29,1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 ~. Dundy County, Benkelman, July 31,1947, (H. A. Hauke), 4 ~~, 3 ~~. Haigler, August 11,1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~,2 ~ ~. Sheridan County, Along Niobrara River, September 27, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 3 ~ ~, 1 c,? Deuel County, Big AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 65

Springs, July 29, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 S'. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 2 (; (;. Sioux County, July, (M. Cary), 1 S'. Scotts Bluff County, Gering, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 (;. Mitchell, August 9, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 1 S'.

Melanoplus infaniilis Scudder 1879. Melanoplus infantilis Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XX, p. 65. Melanoplus infantilis is scattered throughout the short grass areas of extreme western Nebraska. Bruner (1897) listed this species as "a very characteristic little species that is found quite plentifully on the high plains of the western third of the state." This is the smallest winged species of this genus found in the state. The present series of twenty-six adults and three nymphs was taken in August and September. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sand Hills, 1940, 1 (;, 1 S'. Box Butte Cmmty, September, 1 S'. Hemingford, August 11, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 5 (; (;, 4 S' S', 3 nymphs. Morrill County, Redington, August 10, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 (;, 1 S'. Sioux County, Glen, August 22, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 (;, 1 S'. Agate, August 21, 1949, 4 (; (;, and August 1, 1951, (H. A. Hauke), 1 (;. Kimball County, Dix, August 19, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 2 S' S'.

Melanoplus lakinus (Scudder) 1879. Pezotettix lakinus Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XX,p.79. 1897. Melanoplus lakinus Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p.14l. Only seven specimens of this interesting grasshopper from southwestern Nebraska are in the collection. All are brachyp­ terous. It should also be found northward across western N e­ braska since it has been taken at Capa, South Dakota (Hebard, 1925). At times it has been observed to be quite numerous in weedy margins of alfalfa fields adjacent to pastures. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 (; (;. Hitchcock County, Trenton, JUly 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 (; (;. Dundy County, Benkelman, July 31, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 (; (;, 1 S'.

Melanoplus occidenialis occidenialis (Thomas) 1872. Caloptenus occidentalis Thomas, Rept. U. S. GeoL Surv. Montana, p. 453. 1893. Melanoplus occidentalis Bruner, PubL Nebr. Acad. Sci., III, p. 28. 66 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

1925. Melanoplus occidentalis occidentalis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 109. Since it is found in the western parts of Kansas and South Dakota, this grasshopper should be found across the entire western end of Nebraska. A series of five males and eight females is in the collection from the Sand Hills, Red Willow County, and Dundy County. Bruner (1893 and 1897) listed it from the middle and western portions qf the state where it was "not at all common." Hebard (1936) listed it from Philip and Pine Ridge, South Dakota, and from Glen and Sidney, Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sand Hills, 1940, 2 ~ ~, 2 ~ ~. Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 ~ ~; (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 5 ~ ~.

Melanoplus fasciaius (F. Walker) 1870. Caloptenus fasciatus F. Walker, Cat. Dermap. Saltat. British Mus., IV, p. 680. 1886. Melanoplus fasciatus Caulf., Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, XVIII, p. 71. Bruner (1897) listed this species as being found only in north­ eastern Nebraska. Blatchley (1920) gave its distribution as "north and west nearly or quite across the continent and south and west to New Jersey, northern Indiana, Missouri and Colora­ do." Hebard (1931) expressed surprise at finding this boreal species recorded from as far east as Chautauqua and Crowley counties in Kansas. Three male and two female specimens from Cass County, in eastcentral Nebraska, are in the present col­ lection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cass County, South Bend, June 23, 1915, (L. Bruner), 3 ~ ~, 2 ~ ~.

Melanoplus borealis junius (Dodge) 1876. Pezotettix junius Dodge, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 9. 1878. Melanoplus junius Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XIX, p. 286. 1886. Melanoplus borealis Caulfield, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, XVIII, p. 71. 1925. Melanoplus borealis j1mius Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 111. Melanoplus junius Dodge was recorded by Bruner (1893) as "an eastern species that is of rather common occurrence on low meadows during June and July." It is a species which prefers AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 67 the lush green grass in open spots of swamps. The original description of this species by Dodge was made from specimens taken in Dodge County. Having been found in North Dakota, wetern South Dakota and Iowa, it should be found locally in the northern half of Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure) 1861. Pezotettix mexicana Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), XIII, p. 160. 1875. Caloptenus atlantis Riley, Rept. Ins. Inj. Missouri, VII, p.169. 1920. Melanoplus mexicanus atlantis Morse, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Rist., XXXV, p. 499. 1928. Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus Hebard, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Phila., LXXX, p. 279. This is usually a very common grasshopper throughout the state and is also one of the most destructive. The "Lesser Mi­ gratory Grasshopper," as it is called, is found both in cultivated areas and range grasses. This species at times builds up greatly in population and has a tendency to migrate. It was one of the species responsible for the great economic damage to crops in the 1930's. Bruner (1893) recorded it as being found over the entire state. A series of two hundred and thirty-seven speci­ mens taken between June 6 and October 31 is in the Museum collection. This species at times has two generations in the state, particularly during a long dry season. At such times the eggs of the first generation have been known to hatch in late April or early May. Mature adults of the first generation usual­ ly deposit their eggs early in JUly. The second generation adults mature and oviposit late in the season. The nymphs and adults of the second generation often cause severe marginal damage to fall wheat and new alfalfa seedings. A series of two males and twelve females were secured from a large flight of grass­ hoppers at Nebraska City on June 24, 1936, by workers for the Lincoln Telephone and Telegraph Company. On the same date M. H. Swenk and R. E. Hill secured single male and female specimens from a flight passing over the city of Lincoln. On June 26 of the same year a series of four males and three fe­ males were secured from a flight passing over Lexington by J. C. Adams, Dawson County Extension Agent. In 1937 R. E. Hill and R. Roberts secured a series of eight males and nine females from a flight moving south over Lincoln on September 68 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

10. One specimen of this species, taken at Pine Ridge in Sioux County, is a gynandromorph. Rehn, in 1933, determined it as being virtually of the phase spretus. Severin (1943) described and figured such an insect which he had taken in Hand County, South Dakota, in 1933. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington County, Blair, June 6, 1930, 1 ~, and October 5, 1928, 1 Cj?, (C. Gollehon). Douglas County, Omaha, July 9, 1913, 2 ~ ~, and July 11, 1913, 1 ~, (L. T. Williams). Cass County, South Bend, June 23, 1915, (L. Bruner), 2 ~ 3, October 5, 1904, 1 ~. Otoe County, Nebraska City, June 24, 1936, (Lincoln Tele. & Teleg. Co.), 2 ~ ~, 12 Cj? Cj? Richardson County, Rulo, July 1, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 2 Cj? Cj? Cuming County, West Point, September, 1884, 3 3 ~, 1 Cj? Dodge County, Scribner, June 18, 1913, (L. T. Will­ iams) , 1 ~. Fremont, October 9, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 Cj? Lancaster County, Prairie Home, June 22, 1937, (Roberts & Hill), 1 3, 1 Cj? Lincoln, June 15, 1934, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 2 Cj? Cj?; June 24, 1936, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~, and (R. E. Hill), 1 Cj?; June 26, 1936, (M. H. Swenk), 1 Cj?; June 28, 1937, CHill & Roberts), 2 ~ 3, 1 Cj?; July 10, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~, 2 Cj? Cj?; July 11, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 2 ~ ~, 1 Cj?; July 19, 1928, 1 ~, 2 Cj? Cj?, and July 26, 1928, 1 Cj?, (D. B. Whelan); July 31, 1928, (Jackson), 1 Cj?; August 2, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~, 1 Cj? ; August 6, 1920, 1 ~,August 9, 1920, 1 ~, 1 Cj?, and August 10, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 Cj?; August 10,1928, (D. B. Whelan), 2 ~~, 1 Cj?; August 15, 1910, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 ~; August 16, 1928, 1 Cj?; August 23, 1928, 1 ~; August 29, 1929, 3 Cj? Cj?, and August 30, 1928, 1 3, (D. B. Whelan); September, 1 ~; September 6, 1928, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj?; September 10, 1937, (R. Roberts), 4 ~ ~, 4 Cj? Cj?, and (R. E. Hill), 4 ~ ~, 5 Cj? Cj? September 11, 1935, (Darlington), 1 Cj?; September 20, 1927, 1 ~; September 26,1926,1 Cj?; September 22,1926, (H. C. Jones), 1 Cj?; September 27, 1928, 2 Cj? Cj?, and October 3, 1928, 3 3 3, (D. B. Whelan); October 9, 1922, 6 3 ~, 2 Cj? Cj?, and October 10, 1922, 8 Cj? Cj?, (C. B. Philip); October 10, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 1 Cj?, and October 25, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); November 2, 1927, 1 3. Roca, October 31, 1933, (H. A. Hauke), 2 Cj? Cj? Butler County, David City, (E. V. Kreizinger), 1 ~, 2 Cj? Cj? FiLlmore County, Ohiowa, June 11, 1936, (R. E. Hill), 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 2 ~ ~ ; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 2 ~ ~. Boyd County, Lynch, June 21, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 3 Cj? Cj? Manowi, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whe­ Ian), 1 3. Spencer, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 3. Butte, July 2, 1914, (R. W. Dawson), 2 3 3. Holt C01mty, Swan Lake, July 21, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 3, 1 Cj? Maple Grove, June 21, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 3, 1 Cj? Wheeler County, Bartlett, June 26, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~,3 Cj? Cj? Greeley County, Greeley, June 26, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 Cj? Howard County, St. Paul, June 26, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 ~. Nance County, Fullerton, June 15, 1901, 1 ~. Buffalo County, Shelton, July 2, 1932, 1 3, 2 Cj? Cj?, July 4, 1933, 1 Cj?, August 7, 1933, 1 Cj?, Aug­ ust 8, 1932, 1 ~, and August 18, 1933, 3 ~ ~, 4 Cj? Cj?, (H. A. Hauke). Webster County, Red Cloud, June 18, 1913, (R. W. Dawson), 1 3, 1 Cj? Franklin County, Franklin, July 29, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 3 ~ 3, 3 Cj? Cj? Bloomington, August 10, 1949, (II. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~, 1 Cj? Dawson County, Lexington, June 26, 1936, (J. C. Adams), 4 3 3, 3 Cj? Cj? Cherry AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 69

County, Valentine, 2 ~ ~; June 21, 1913, (L. T. Williams), 1 c;?; Aug­ ust, 1 c;? Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 6 c;? c;? Brady, July 8, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 c;? Red Willow County, Indianola, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 c;? McCook, July 3, 1904, 1 ~; August 9, 1901, 2 ~ ~. Lebanon, July 17, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Hitchcock County, Trenton, July 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~. Keith County, Ogallala, August 1, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 1 c;? Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Sheridan County, Gordon, 1 ~, 2 c;? c;? Box Butte County, September, 1 c;?; Hemingford, August 6, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 7 ~ ~, 1 c;? Dawes County, Crawford, July 18, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 4 c;? c;? Pine Ridge, July, 5 ~ ~, and 1 gynandromorph. Siot£x County, Montrose, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~. Glen, August 7, 1905, 1 ~. Monroe Canyon, August 24, 1908, (R: W. Dawson), 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Mitchell, July 14, 1913, 1 ~, 1 c;?; July 30, 1914, 1 c;?, and August 2, 1913, 1 c;?, (L. M. Gates); August 2, 1923, (M. H. Swenk) ,1 ~; August 11, 1915, (E. M. Partridge), 1 ~.

Melanoplus mexicanus migratory phase spre:tus (Walsh) 1866. Caloptenus spretus Walsh, Pract. Ent., II, p. 1. 1878. Melanoplus spretus Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, p. 287. 1929. Melanoplus mexicanus migratory phase spretus He­ bard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXI, p. 390. Melanoplus spretus was listed by Bruner (1893) as being found over the entire state where it was at times very destruc­ tive to all kinds of crops. Much has been written about this insect which was commonly called the "Rocky Mountain locust." Thomas (1875) gives a very interesting account of Caloptenus spretus as it appeared throughout the midwestern states in the early days of this country. The report of the U. S. Entomological Commission composed of Riley, Packard, and Thomas (1878) also gives an interesting account of it in Ne­ braska. Records of its appearance in the state were reported as early as 1856. It caused untold damage to crops and range in the early days. In more recent years this grasshopper was believed to have disappeared. However, there is no doubt but that the migrations of Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus Saus­ sure in the 1930's might have consisted, in part, of specimens very near to the migratory phase spretus. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CUIDing County, West Point, 1 ~,4 c;? c;?

Melanoplus bruneri Scudder 1897. Melanoplus bruneri Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 164, fig. 7, pl. XI. As M. bruneri is known from the Black Hills in South Dakota 70 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM and from Colorado it should be found across the western end of Nebraska. Hebard (1925) referred to it as "strictly sylvan in the United States, here living in brushy forest undergrowth." In Scudder's (1897) original description of this species he listed specimens in the U. S. N. M. collection from Gordon, in Sheri­ dan County. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus keeleri luridus (Dodge) 1876. Caloptenus lurida Dodge, Can. Ent., VII, p. 11. 1897. Melanoplus keeleri Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXVI, p. 29. 1897. Melanoplus luridus Bruner, Rept. V. S. Ent. Comm., III, p. 60. 1920. Melanoplus keeleri luridus Blatchley, Orth. of North­ eastern America, p. 437. Common throughout most of the state. The present series of forty-four males and sixty-two females are, however, all from the northern half. The material has been taken between July 1 and October 31. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nebraska, 1 ~. Cass County, South Bend, October 5, 1904, 10 ~ ~, 8 ~ ~. Cuming County, West Point, 3 ~ ~, 2 ~ ~; August, 1884, 1 ~; September, 1 ~, 8 ~ ~; September, 1884, 3 ~ ~. Saunders County, Cedar Bluff, October 2, 1913, (E. G. Anderson), 1 ~. Lancaster County, Lincoln, August 2, 1928, 1 ~, August 8, 1929, 1 ~,August 15, 1929, 1 ~, 1 ~, August 16, 1928, 1 ~, August 20, 1929, 1 ~,August 23 1928, 3 ~ ~, August 29, 1929, 1 ~, August 30, 1928, 1 ~, 1 ~, September 6, 1928, 1 ~,September 7, 1929, 1 ~,September 8, 1928, 1 ~,September 10, 1928, 1 ~, September 13, 1928, 1 ~, September 18, 1928, 1 ~, 2 ~ ~, September 20, 1928, 2 ~ ~, and September 27, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan); October, 2 ~ ~ ; October 3, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~, October 10, 1928, 1 ~, 1 ~, October 25, 1928, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~, and October 30, 1928, 1 ~, (D. B. Whelan). Knox County, Niobrara, 1 ~; (H. M. Swenk), 2 ~ ~, 1 ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 4 ~~, 4 ~~. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 ~,10 ~ ~ ; August 9, 1901, (M. Cary), 1 ~. Greeley County, Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Klingman), 1 ~. Scotts Bluff COtLnty, Scotts­ bluff, October 5, 1904, 2 ~ ~, 5 ~ ~. Dawes County, Ft. Robinson, August, 1888, 1 ~.

Melanoplus packardii Scudder 1878. Melanoplus packardii Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. fIist., XIX, p. 287. This species, which is distributed over the entire state, has not been taken very often in the southern countries. It has in the past often been confused with foedus. Hebard (1925) in- AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 71 dicated that "The insect is a prairie and plains dweller, but is very fond of cultivated patches in such regions and undoubtedly is one of the most destructive species annually present, due to its large size and frequent abundance. It is very active, jump­ ing powerfully as well as being able to fly well." In Nebraska this species has never been considered as causing damage of great economic importance. At times of peak populations it might, together with other species, cause serious crop or grass females, and three nymphs has been taken between July 9 and October 7. One female specimen from Pine Ridge, in Dawes County, is labelled "Mel. packardii, Scudder's Type, 1895." SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 !i?; July 19, 1939, (R. L. Gates), 5 ~ ~,2 !i? !i?; August 8, 1929, 1 !i?, and August 15, 1929, 1 !i?, (D. B. Whelan); October 7, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 1 !i? Cherry County, Valentine, August, 2 ~ ~, 2 !i? !i? Thomas County, Hal­ sey, July 8, 1912, 1 !i?, July 9, 1913, 3 ~ ~, 1 !i?, and August 7, 1912, 1 ~, 1 !i?, (J. T. Zimmer); August 20, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 !i? Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 !i? Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. I-litchcock County, Culbertson,' August 9, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 1 !i? Trenton, September 20, 1934, (D. E. Eckhoff), 1 !i? D1mdy County, Haigler, August 11,1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~,3 !i?!i? Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 ~, 1 !i?, (!i? is labelled "Mel. packardii, Scudder's Type, 1895"). Morrill County, Northport, July 9, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 3 nymphs. Sioux County, June, (M. Cary), 2 !i?!i?; July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 !i? !i? Hat Creek, August, 1 !i? Monroe Canyon, August 23, 1908, (C. H. @able), 2 !i?!i?

Melanoplus foedus foedus Scudder 1879. Melanoplus foedus Scudder, Proe. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 69. 1931. MeZanopZus foedus foedus Hebard, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiZa., LXXXIII, p. 187. This and the preceding species are so nearly alike in general appearance that it is necessary to examine the aedeagus in order to separate the two. McPherson County in the central part of the state and Franklin County in southcentral Ne­ braska are the eastern limits of distribution of this insect. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Franklin County, Bloomington, August 10, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 5 ~ ~, 9 !i? !i? McPherson County, Tryon, June 19, 1939, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. I-litchcock County, Trenton, June 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Dundy County, Benkelman, June 30, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 3 ~ ~, 3 !i?!i? Morrill County, Northport, July 9, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 !i?!i? Bayard, July 9, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 2 !i?!i? 72 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Melanoplus foedus fluviatilis Bruner 1897. Melanoplus fluviatilis Bruner, Ann. Rept. Nebr. State Board of Agri., 1896, p. 136, fig. 34. 1931. Melanoplus foedus fluviatilis Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXXIII, p. 187. Bruner in his original description stated that this "locust is rather common along river valleys in eastern Nebraska, where it is to be found among the vegetation growing on sandbars." He described specimens from Ashland, Nebraska. All specimens in the present collection are from the eastern third of the state with Knox, Cuming, and Saunders counties the western limit of distribution. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota County, South Sioux City, July 28, 1912, (L. T. Williams), 1 Cj? Cass County, Louisville, August 24, 1913, (E. G. Anderson), 1 Cj? Cuming County, West Point, 5 Cj? Cj?; July, 1888, 1 J; July, 1916, 1 J, 1 Cj?; August, 1887, 2 J J; September, 3 Cj? Cj? Saunders County, Cedar Bluffs, September 27, 1913, (G. W. Deming), 1 Cj? Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 2 J J, 2 Cj? Cj?

Melanoplus angusiipennis (Dodge) 1877. Caloptenus angustipennis Dodge, Can. Ent., IX, p. 111. 1885. Melanoplus angustipennis Bruner, Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist., I, No.4, p. 138. 1897. Melanoplus compactus Scudder, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXVI, p. 27. Dodge originally described this insect from male and female specimens collected on the banks of the Elkhorn River in Dodge County, Nebraska. Bruner (1897) recorded it as quite common in the eastern half of the state. The synonym Melano­ plus compactus Scudder was described in 1897 from specimens taken at Sidney in Cheyenne County. The thirty-one male and thirty-four female specimens have been taken between JUly 7 and October 5 in all parts of the state. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dakota County, South Sioux City, July 12, 1912, 1 Cj?, July 16, 1912, 1 Cj?, and July 22, 1912, 1 J, (L. T. Williams). Cuming County, West Point, 3 J J, 3 Cj? Cj? ; July, 1916, 1 J, 1 Cj?; August, 1887, 1 Cj?; September, 2 J J, 1 Cj?; September, 1884, 2 J J, 1 Cj? Satm­ ders County, Ashland, 1 J. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 Cj?; July 11, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 Cj?; October 10, 1922, (C. B. Philip), 1 Cj? Holt County, June, 1 Cj? Buffalo County, Shelton, July 7, 1933, (H. A. Hauke),l J. Cherry County, Valentine, August, 4 J J, 3 Cj? Cj? Nenzel, September 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 3 J J, 1 Cj? Thomas County, Hal­ sey, July 24, 1912, 1 J, July 25, 1912, 3 Cj? Cj?, July 29, 1912, 1 Cj?, and August 9, 1912, 1 Cj?, (J. T. Zimmer); August 13, 1920, 1 J; August 14, 1920, 1 Cj?, (C. B. Philip). Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 2 Cj? Cj? Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 73

Carriker, Jr.), 1 t, 1 ~. Hitchcock County, Culbertson, August 9, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 t, 2 ~ ~. Dundy Cotmty, Parks, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 3 t t, 1 ~. Haigler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 4 ~ ~. Deuel County, Big Springs, September 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 1 t. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 t. Morrill County, Bayard, July 9, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 t t, 1 ~. Scotts Bluff County, Scotts­ bluff, October 5, 1904, 1 t. Mitchell, (E. E. Wehr), 1 t, 1 ~.

Melanoplus impiger Scudder 1897. Melanoplus impiger Scudder, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p.306. This species has not been recorded from Nebraska. Hebard (1931), in the Orthopetera of Kansas, stated that "the validity of impiger is somewhat doubtful and it may well prove to be a geographic race or indeed nothing more than a local environ­ mental adaptation of angustipennis." If this is a valid species it should be found in southeastern Nebraska with the western limit of distribution running diagonally from the eastcentral part of the state to the extreme southcentral countries. It is known from Kansas, Iowa, and southeastern Minnesota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus bispinosus Scudder 1897. Melanoplus bispinosus Scudder, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 292, fig. 6, pI. XIX. It is entirely possible that this species might be found in southern Nebraska counties of the southcentral area. It is a species which is more common in the southern states but which has been taken as far north as Osborne County in Kansas. This county is about twenty-four miles south of the Nebraska­ Kansas border. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

Melanoplus flavidus flavidus Scudder 1897. Melanoplus flavidus Scudder, Proe. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 74. 1925. Melanoplus flavidus flavidus Hebard, Proe. Aead. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 118. This species is known from Waubay, Chamberlin, Martin, and Buffalo in South Dakota; Julesburg and Fort Collins, Colorado; and from western Kansas. It has been found in scat­ tered localities throughout Nebraska. A series of five males and eight females in the collection have been taken between July and October. 74 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CtLming County, West Point, August, 1887, 1 'i'. Dodge County, North Bend, October, 1894, 1 6. Antelope County, Neligh, August, (Cary), 1 'i'. Greeley County, Spalding, July 1, 1931, (Klingman), 1 6. Dundy County, Parks, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 'i' 'i'. Deuel County, Big Springs, July 29, 1932, (H. C. Jones), 1 6, 1 'i'. Cheyenne County, Sidney, 1 il, 1 'i'; August 12, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 6. Sioux County, Glen, August, 1905, 2 'i' 'i'.

Melanoplus bowdi:tchi bowdi:tchi Scudder 1877. Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 72. 1925. Melanoplus bowditchi bowditchi Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, p. 119. Bruner (1897) found this species to be rare in the south­ western part of the state. Specimens in the collection, five males and nine females, are from Dundy and Sioux counties. The eastern limits of this insect, according to Hebard (1931), are extreme western Kansas and Glen and Haigler, in Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dundy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 3 66,8 'i' 'i'; August 11. 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 6,1 'i'. SiotLX County, July, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 6.

Melanoplus bowdi:tchi canus Hebard 1925. Melanoplus bowditchi canus Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LXXVII, pp. 120-123. Five specimens from northwestern Nebraska were taken in September in Cherry and Sheridan counties. They were found in sandy and weedy areas adj acent to sage brush covered range. This race is known from North Dakota, western South Dakota, eastern Wyoming, and eastern Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cherry County, Nenzel, September 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 3 6 6, 1 'i'. Sheridan County, Along Niobrara River, September 27, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 1 'i'.

Phoe:talioies nebrascensis (Thomas) 1872. Pezotettix nebmscensis Thomas, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, p. 455. 1898. Phoetariotes nebrascensis Scudder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 377. This grasshopper occurs over the entire state. It is a grass­ land species and in some localities, particularly in the western half, may be found in rather large numbers. Normally brachyp­ terous, it is sometimes found in the long-winged form as well. A series of fifty-two males, forty-one females, and one nymph AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEBRASKA 75

of this interesting grasshopper are in the collection. One male and three females are of the long-winged form. Between August 18 and September 20, 1928, D. B. Whelan collected a series of thirty-seven adult specimens from a section of native prairie near Lincoln, Lancaster County. The rest of the material was secured between July and October 3. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Omaha, 1 ~. Cuming County, West Point, 9 ~ ~, 8 c;> c;>; September, 3 ~ ~, 2 c;> c;>; Septem­ ber, 1894, 2 ~ ~, 1 c;>. Lancaster County, Lincoln, July, 1 c;>; August 18, 1928, 3 ~ ~ , August 20, 1928, 1 ~,1 c;>, August 23, 1928, 2 ~ ~,3 c;> C;>, August 28, 1928, 3 ~ ~, August 29, 1928, 1 ~,3 c;> C;>, August 30, 1928, 1 ~, 2 c;> C;>, September 3, 1928, 2 c;> C;>, September 6, 1928, 3 ~ ~, 2 c;> C;>, September 7, 1928, 2 ~ ~, September 10, 1928, 2 ~ ~, September 13, 1928, 1 ~, 1 C;>, September 14, 1928, 1 ~, 1 C;>, and September 20, 1928, 1 ~, 1 C;>, (D. B. Whelan); September 30, 1932, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, October, 1 ~, 2 c;> c;>; October 3, 1929, (D. B. Whelan), 1 c;>. Knox County, Niobrara, (M. H. Swenk), 1 ~; August 2, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~. Antelope County, Neligh, (Cary), 1 c;>. Cherry County, Valentine, 1 c;>. Nenzel, September 28, 1950, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~, 1 c;>. Red Willow County, McCook, August 9, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 ~. Dundy County, Haigler, August 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 1 c;>. Parks, August 22, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 2 ~ ~, 2 c;> C;>, 1 nymph. She7·idan County, Gordon, 1 ~, 1 c;>. Dawes County, Chadron, August, 1888, 1 ~. Sioux County, Montrose, August 24, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 c;>. Glen, August 24, 1947, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 1 c;>. Scotts Bluff County, Gering, 1 c;>.

Dactylo:tum pic:tum (Thomas) 1870. Pezotettix picta Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.78. 1900. Dactylotum pictum Scudder, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, p. 67. This is the most brilliantly colored grasshopper to be found in the state and is often referred to as the "Rainbow" grasshopper. Bruner (1897) found it to inhabit the high prairies of middle and western Nebraska. The present series of twenty-eight males, forty-one females, and four nymphs is from the western three-fourths of the state with Knox and Gage counties as the eastern limit of distribution. The insect is brilliantly marked with pale bands of yellow and black. The yellow bands usually have some orange or pink markings. This grasshopper is brachypterous and is rather clumsy in movement. They gener­ ally are never found in very large numbers at anyone place. A series of twelve males, nineteen females, and three nymphs was taken at Thedford, in Thomas County, on August 3, 1948, by O. S. Bare. He reported that a colony of this species ex- 76 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

tended over approximately an acre of sand hill range at that location. Nymphs have been taken between June 28 and August 3, and adults secured between July 19 and September 3. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gage County, Ellis, August 8, 1938, (H. E. Foster), 1 ~. Knox County, Niobrara, August 13, 1902, (W. D. Pierce), 1 ~; August 27, 1938, (A. A. Soulek), 1 ~. Boyd County, Naper, June 28, 1933, (D. B. Whelan), 1 nymph. Webster County, Red'Cloud, July 19, 1925, 2 ~ ~. Harlan County, Alma, August 12, 1901, (G. Ashby), 1 ~. Blaine County, Dunning, August 2, 1948, (M. H. Muma) , 1 ~. Custer County, Arnold, September 1, 1935, (Darlington), 1 ~. Cherry County, Simeon, August 21, 1929, (C. Reece), 1 ~. Thomas County, Halsey, July 24, 1912, 1 ~,July 25, 1912, 1 ~, and August 7, 1912, 1 ~, (J. T. Zimmer); August 14, 1920, (C. B. Philip), 1 ~. Thedford, Aug­ ust 3,1948, (0. S. Bare), 12 ~~, 19 ~~, 3 nymphs. Lincoln County, August 10, 1939, (R. Roberts), 1 ~. North Platte, September, 1948, (Mary Wing), 1 ~. Chase County, Imperial, August 1, 1936, (Heady), 1 ~. Dundy County, Haigler, August 11, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 ~, 2 ~ ~; August 15, 1949, (H. A. Hauke), 1 ~, 2 ~ ~. Dawes County, Pine Ridge, July, 1 ~, 1 ~. Box Butte County, September, 1 ~. July 29, 1937, (Krause), 1 ~. Cheyenne Cotmty, Sidney, August 12, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 ~~, 3 ~~. Sioux County, Glen, August 15,1905, 2 ~ ~, 1 ~. War Bonnet Canyon, August 12, 1908, 1 ~. Monroe Can­ yon, August 20, 1908, (J. T. Zimmer), 1 ~; September 3, 1921, (R. E. Weir), 1 ~.

Fig. 1 Several of ihe localUies in which considerable collecting of grasshopper speci­ mens has been done are shown on the above map. Numbers 34. 35. and 39 represent two or more localities in the same general area. An alphabetical list of these locations follows: Agate-37 Lincoln-12 Arnold-23 McCook-25 Ashland-ll Mitchell-38 Bartlett-18 Monroe Canyon-35 Big Springs-30 Montrose-35 Blair-2 Nebraska City-4 Cambridge-24 Neligh-15 Carns-20 Niobrara-I 'I Chadron-3I N orthport-:3.2 Crawford-34 Omaha-3 Deshler-13 O'Neil \-1 7 Falls City-6 Peru···5 Fremont-I 0 Scott~bluff-~9 Fort Robinson-34 Sheltl , n-19 Gering-39 Sidney-33 Glen-36 South Bend--7 Gordon-29 South Sioux City-I Grant-26 Superior-I 6 Haigler-28 Valentine-2I Halsey--22 War Bonnet Canyon-35 Imperial-27 Weeping Water-8 Kimball-40 West Point-9

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