DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Phyllanthus Niruri

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Phyllanthus Niruri Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(6): 173-180 ISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2016; 4(6): 173-180 © 2016 JMPS A review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and Received: 23-09-2016 Accepted: 24-10-2016 pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus niruri Dr. Hakim Md. Kamruzzaman Hakim Said Eastern Medical Dr. Hakim Md. Kamruzzaman and Dr. Md. Obydul Hoq College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Dr. Md. Obydul Hoq Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and it is a small herb having wide range of Hakim Said Eastern Medical medicinal properties, and it is used widely across the world. In Indian ayurvedic and Unani system it is College & Hospital, Dhaka, used for Jaundice, ulcers, skin diseases, diabetes, chest pain and urinary complications. Its taste is bitter Bangladesh and acts as astringent and show laxative effect. This review covers information about ethno medicinal uses of Phyllanthus niruri in different countries with various pharmacological profile of the plant. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned. The extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have a wide range of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial and diuretic. This review summarizes the information about its botanical, morphological, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and biological activities of the plant. In addition this review provides information about the structure of the phytochemical compounds that promotes better commercial exploitation. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, phytochemical, pharmacological, hepatoprotective 1. Introduction Bhumyaamalaki (Phyllanthus niruri Schum. & Thonn., Euphorbiaceae), which is widely spread throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world including India is most commonly used in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine in problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen. Phyllanthus niruri has been described in Ayurveda by the Sanskrit name – Bhoomyaamalakee, Taamalakee and Bhoodhatree. It was described to have the properties of Rasa, Guna, Veerya and Vipaaka. The Ayurvedic literature has shown its uses as Kaasahara (antitussive), Shwaasahara (antispasmodic, antidyspnoic), Kaphapittahara (which relieves the Kapha Pitta Dosha), Pipaasaaghna (which relieves Polydipsia), Raktapittahara (hemorrhage disease), Paanduhara (antianemic), Kaamalaahara (which cures jaundice), Kushthaghna (indicated in leprosy), Daahaghna (refrigerant, relieves burning sensation), Kshatakshayaghna (indicated in Trauma) and Mootrarogahara (which cures urinary disorders). The use of Phyllanthus niruri is gaining momentum because of its novel antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus and for several other biological activities such as kidney and gallbladder stones, for cold, flu, tuberculosis, and other viral infections; liver diseases and disorders including hepatitis, jaundice and liver cancer [1]. It also acts against liver cell toxicity and improves the immune system of patients and has been found effective against hepatitis A. Phyllanthus niruri is often used in the traditional system of medicine for a variety [2] of ailments including dropsy, diabetes, jaundice, asthma and bronchial infections . In the Ayurvedic system of medicine it is used in problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen. It is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and antiseptic. The whole plant is used in gonorrhea, menorrhagia and other genital affections. It is useful in gastropathy, diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, ophthalmopathy, scabies, ulcers and wounds. It is also used as a good tonic. The Spanish name ‘chanca piedra’ means “stone breaker or shatter stone.” In South America, ‘chanca piedra’ has been used to eliminate gall bladder and kidney stones, and to treat gall bladder infections, cardiovascular problems, and also a remedy around the world for influenza. Phyllanthus niruri has a long history of use in Correspondence Dr. Hakim Md. Kamruzzaman the treatment of liver, kidney and bladder problems, diabetes and intestinal parasites. In Hakim Said Eastern Medical Suriname (Northeastern part of South America), Phyllanthus niruri is always sold as fresh and College & Hospital, Dhaka, dry plant material in the herb markets. Decoctions are used in herbal baths and after labor, Bangladesh cramps, asthma, uterus complaints and to treat stomachache [3]. ~ 173 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies It is a restoration herb and used as an appetizer and as tonic. It this herb to be most effective in the treatment of asthma, is also used as colic. The plant, when boiled with the leaves, is increasing appetite, improving digestion, stimulating liver, and considered to be a diuretic and is used in treatment of diabetes, producing laxative effects. In the Unani System of medicine dysentery, hepatitis, menstrual disorders, and skin disorders. this herb is good for sores and chronic dysentery. Its seeds are Plant extracts are used as blood purifiers, for light malaria used in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, scabies and fevers and anemia. It helps to release phlegm and to combat ringworms. The root of this plant is considered to be an fever. This herb can be used for constipation also. Phyllanthus excellent remedy for liver diseases. niruri elaborates different classes of organic compounds of medicinal importance including alkaloids, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins (Ellagitannins), major lignans, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols and volatile oil. Many lignans were isolated from the plant viz., phyllanthin (a bitter constituent) and hypophyllanthin (a non bitter constituent) [4]. The highest amounts of phyllanthin (0.7% w/w) and hypophyllanthin (0.3% w/w) have been reported in leaves whereas, in the stem these are in minor quantities present [5]. Lignans isolated from Phyllanthus niruri are phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, niranthin, phyltetralin, nirtetralin, isonirtetralin, hinokinin, lintetralin, isolintetralin, demethylenedioxy-niranthin, 5-demethoxyniranthin etc., flavonoïds such as gallocatechin, rutin, quercetin- 3-O- glucopyranoside, phyllanthusiin, quercetin, kaempferol 3-_-d- Fig 1: Phyllanthus niruri plant. glucopyranoside, kaempferol etc., ellagitannins include geraniin, amariin, furosin, geraniinic acid B, amariinic acid, 3. Botanical description amarulone, repandusinic acid A, corilagin, isocorilagin, Phyllanthus niruri are erect annual herbs, 10–60 cm tall; main elaeocarpusin, phyllanthusiin A, B, C, D and melatonin; stem simple or branched, terrete smooth or scabridulous in securinega-type alkaloids such as isobubbialine and younger parts. Cataphylls, stipules 1.5–1.9 mm long, deltoid epibubbialine and sterol such as amarosterol A, amarosterol B. acuminate blade 1–1.5 mm long, subulate acuminate. Leaves Phyllanthus niruri had been reported to have pharmacological 3–11×1.5–6 mm elliptic oblong obovate, oblong, or even effects such as antimicrobial, antiviral activities against obovate, obtuse, or minutely apiculate at apex, obtuse or hepatitis B, chemoprotective, antimutagenic and slightly inequilateral at base, petioles 0.3–0.5 mm long, hypoglycaemic agent. Methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri stipules 0.8–1.1 mm long triangular accuminate. Flowers exhibited immunomodulatory activity. Ellagitannins (geraniin minutes, proximal 2–3 axis with unisexual cymules, each and corilagin) were shown to be the most potent mediators of consisting of 1 male and 1 female or 2–3 males and female or the antiviral HIV activity. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin 1 male and 2 females flower or combination thereof; male present in Phyllanthus niruri exhibited antitumor activities flowers pedicals at anthesis ca 1 mm long. Calyx lobe 5, against EAC in Swiss albino mice, cytotoxic effects on K-562 subequal each ca 0.7× 0.3 mm elliptic or oblong elliptic and cells, and hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The present abruptly acute at apex hyaline with unbranched mid ribs. Disc review assesses the potential of Phyllanthus niruri in relation segments 5, roundish stames 3 (rarely 2): filaments connate to its traditional uses and in terms of findings based on modern into a column 0.2–0.3 mm high autheros sessile a top bioscientific research. The link between conventional remedies dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers; pedicles 0.8–1 mm and recent research in various areas has been well established long, obtusely 4-gonous, dialated above, ca 1.5 mm in fruits, in other plants which facilitate to determine effective mode of calyx five lobes, subequal. Lobes sometimes toothed at apex. action of plant derived products. The plant is known to contain Styles 3, free, more or less spreading, and shallowly bifid at several pharmacological important biomolecules whose apex; arms divergent [6]. The seed capsules on stalks are 1–2 efficacy is well established by several biochemical and mm long, round, smooth, 2 mm wide, with six seeds. When pharmacological studies. This review intent to compile various the fruits burst open the seeds are hurled away. Seeds are studies on this plant and critically evaluates the issues related triangular (like an orange segment); light brown, 1 mm long, to ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, with 5–6 ribs on the back [7]. clinical studies and toxicology of Phyllanthus niruri. 4. Geographical Distribution 2. General Features It is a field weed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pharmacophore PHYLLANTHUS PLANTS in PHOTOPROTECTION
    Pharmacophore, 8(3) 2017, Pages: 1-10 Pharmacophore ISSN-2229-5402 Journal home page: http://www.pharmacophorejournal.com PHYLLANTHUS PLANTS IN PHOTOPROTECTION: A BROAD SPECTRUM OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS Ivette María Menéndez-Perdomo1,2, Ángel Sánchez-Lamar1* 1. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25St, 455 between I and J, CP 10400, Havana, Cuba 2. Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 05th Mar 2017 During the past few decades, there has been an increased scientific interest to prevent or amend the Received in revised form: consequences of human exposure to the detrimental effects of sunlight ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 07th Apr 2017 Environmental UV radiation cause direct and indirect DNA damage, inducing mutations, and Accepted: triggering associated diseases, such as skin cancer. Many photoprotection strategies are currently 28th Apr 2017 available, as this has become a core issue on public healthcare. In this context, many Available online: phytocomponents had shown photoprotective properties in different experimental models. Plants 29th May 2017 in the genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine by ethnics from all over the world, and recent investigations support their genoprotective activity against UV radiation. In the present review, we summarize UV-related DNA photodamages and several Keywords: Phyllanthus, photoprotection, strategies for its prevention such as the use of phytocomponents. We update the current knowledge UV, antioxidant, DNA repair concerning the photoprotective properties of several Phyllanthus species, putting emphasis on studies carried out in the last decade. We examine different molecular mechanisms described to .
    [Show full text]
  • The Relation Between Road Crack Vegetation and Plant Biodiversity in Urban Landscape
    Int. J. of GEOMATE, June, 2014, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Sl. No. 12), pp. 885-891 Geotech., Const. Mat. & Env., ISSN:2186-2982(P), 2186-2990(O), Japan THE RELATION BETWEEN ROAD CRACK VEGETATION AND PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN URBAN LANDSCAPE Taizo Uchida1, JunHuan Xue1,2, Daisuke Hayasaka3, Teruo Arase4, William T. Haller5 and Lyn A. Gettys5 1Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan; 2Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, China; 3Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Japan; 4Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Japan; 5Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida, USA ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to collect basic information on vegetation in road crack, especially in curbside crack of road, for evaluating plant biodiversity in urban landscape. A curbside crack in this study was defined as a linear space (under 20 mm in width) between the asphalt pavement and curbstone. The species composition of plants invading curbside cracks was surveyed in 38 plots along the serial National Route, over a total length of 36.5 km, in Fukuoka City in southern Japan. In total, 113 species including native plants (83 species, 73.5%), perennial herbs (57 species, 50.4%) and woody plants (13 species, 11.5%) were recorded in curbside cracks. Buried seeds were also obtained from soil in curbside cracks, which means the cracks would possess a potential as seed bank. Incidentally, no significant differences were found in the vegetation characteristics of curbside cracks among land-use types (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, P > 0.05). From these results, curbside cracks would be likely to play an important role in offering habitat for plants in urban area.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Identification Guide
    WEED IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Carpetgrass American Burnweed Common Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Axonopus affi nis (Carpetgrass) is a mat-forming Erechtites hieracifolia (American Burnweed Stellaria media (Common Chickweed) is a mat- Cerastium vulgatum (Mouse-ear Chickweed) is a perennial that can be identifi ed by its smooth leaf or Fireweed) is a robust summer annual identifi ed forming winter annual or short-lived perennial in winter perennial with alternating leaves that are blades with rounded tips. Typically, a few long by its spiraling, alternating elliptic to lance-shaped temperate regions and is identifi ed by alternating, oblong and covered with hair. Prostrate overall, hairs are present on the leaf sheath at the base leaves with narrow, sharp-pointed bases on the shiny leaves - egg or oval, to broadly elliptic, in Mouse-ear Chickweed will have several upright of the blade. Often found coexisting in centipede lower part of the stem and clasping based on the shape. Upper leaves are without petiole, while the stems. The weed can further be identifi ed by lawns. Carpetgrass is found in the Coastal Plain of upper. American Burnweed fl owers late-spring lower leaves have sparsely, hairy long petiole. Found the white fl owers containing fi ve pedals that are the Gulf states, north to North Carolina and west to through fall and can be found throughout most of throughout North America, with the exception of notched at the ends. Mouse-ear Chickweed can be Arkansas and Oklahoma. Eastern, Central and Southern United States. the Rocky Mountains. found throughout the United States. Clumpy Rye Annual Lespedeza Dandelion Plantain, Bracted Lolium perenne (Perennial ryegrass) or Lolium Kummerowia striata (Common or Annual Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a stemless Plantago aristata (Bracted Plantain) is a winter multifl orum (Annual ryegrass) is a winter annual Lespedeza) is a freely-branched summer annual perennial.
    [Show full text]
  • PRELIMINARY TESTS and ANATOMICAL FEATURES of FEW MEDICINAL WEEDS *Veerabhadra Swamy AL1, Amaravathi DS2 and Kavana JM2 *Post Graduate Department of Botany, J.S.S
    Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824 An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2019 Vol. 8(3) July-September, pp.1-22/Swamy et al. Research Article PRELIMINARY TESTS AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF FEW MEDICINAL WEEDS *Veerabhadra Swamy AL1, Amaravathi DS2 and Kavana JM2 *Post Graduate Department of Botany, J.S.S. College of Arts, Commerce and Science, B.N. Road, Mysuru – 570 025, Karnataka, India 2 Post Graduate Students, Post Graduate Department of Botany, J.S.S. College of Arts, Commerce and Science, B.N. Road, Mysuru – 570 025, Karnataka, India *Author for Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Now-a-days there is a renewed interest in drugs of natural origin simply because they are considered as green medicine and are always safe. The advantage of natural drugs is their easy availability, economic and less or no side effects they have been used in traditional medicine practices. In the present investigation some medicinal weeds were analyzed, it includes Centella asiatica, Phyllanthus niruri, Argemone mexicana, Amaranthus viridis, Asclepias currasavica, Cyperus iria and Portulaca oleraceae. All the eight medicinal weeds collected during field visits were subjected to study organoleptic features, macroscopic studies, powder analysis, physicochemical limits and fluorescence analysis, single and double staining techniques. Keywords: Medicinal, Weeds, Double staining, Anatomy INTRODUCTION There is some connection present in between man and his research for drugs in nature from the far past. There is much evidence present for most of drugs originated by plants in the way of written documents and original plant medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Review on Phyllanthus Derived Natural Products As Potential Chemotherapeutic and Immunomodulators for a Wide Range of T Human Diseases
    Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 17 (2019) 529–537 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bab A comprehensive review on Phyllanthus derived natural products as potential chemotherapeutic and immunomodulators for a wide range of T human diseases Mohamed Ali Seyed Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Treatment options for most cancers are still insufficient, despite developments and technology advancements. It Cancer has been postulated that the immune response to progressive tumors is insufficient due to a deficiency in afferent Phyllanthus amarus/niruri mechanisms responsible for the development of tumor-reactive T cells. Many patients treated for cancer will Phyllanthin have their cancer recurrence, often after a long remission period. This suggests that there are a small number of Hypophyllanthin tumor cells that remain alive after standard treatment(s) – alone or in combination and have been less effective Chemotherapeutic in combating metastasis that represents the most elaborate hurdle to overcome in the cure of the disease. Immunomodulation Therefore, any new effective and safe therapeutic agents will be highly demanded. To circumvent many plant extracts have attributed for their chemoprotective potentials and their influence on the human immune system. It is now well recognized that immunomodulation of immune response could provide an alternative or addition to conventional chemotherapy for a variety of disease conditions. However, many hurdles still exist. In recent years, there has been a tremendous interest either in harnessing the immune system or towards plant-derived immunomodulators as anticancer agents for their efficacy, safety and their targeted drug action and drug de- livery mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • A Weed Born Pregnant
    Follow us on… By Les Harrison UF IFAS/Wakulla County Extension Director http://wakulla.ifas.ufl.edu/ A Weed Born Pregnant With the onset of warm weather, the cool season plants are dying back or are already gone. Homeowners are now getting a look at what is growing in the yard during the summer of 2012, and an exotic invader is likely one of the inhabitants. Chamberbitter: It has the justified reputation of producing viable seeds ready to infest new territory from almost the moment it pops up from the soil. More than one frustrated landowner has been convinced the reviled exotic is born pregnant. Phyllanthus urinaria, Chamberbitter’s scientific name, is a native of tropical southeast Asia, but has adapted well life in the United States. The USDA’s Plant Profile site indicates this pest has spread as far north as Illinois and Virginia, and west to Texas, and it is in Wakulla County, too. All the southeastern states report significant plant populations. Initially it was considered an ornamental horticulture issue, but has become a real irritant for pasture managers. Chamberibtter requires warm soil to germinate and prefers damp conditions. Once the plant is established, its highly efficient root system will handle drought conditions. It grows well in full sun, but will also flourish in spots receiving sun for limited hours daily. Early detection is critical to control. The plants are in their most vulnerable condition with tender leaves and immature root systems, and (hopefully) the population is still small. Unfortunately, to the casual observer this annual blends effortlessly into the green background of warm season foliage.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2010 Clearing a Path Through Bottomland Hardwoods Using the Basal Bark Treatment Method by Tim Albritton
    Wildland Weeds FFALLALL 2010 Permit No. 726 No. Permit Gainesville, FL Gainesville, PAID U.S. Postage U.S. Prsrt std Prsrt Effective Invasive Weed Control Solutions • Quality products and service Contact Tiffany Poley at • Proven performance 941-330-7731 or [email protected] or visit www.vegetationmgmt.com • Selective weed control options ®™Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC Always read and follow label directions. Paul Mason Dan McMillan FL Aquatic / VM Specialist Aquatics GA/SC Aquatic / VM Specialist 407-718-9154 Invasives 706-318-3238 [email protected] [email protected] Herbicides Service Adjuvants Support formerly uap distribution Joe Collins Roadsides Terry Whitecar Gov’t Account Coordinator Roadside & Utility Specialist 352-222-0655 Utility Rights 386-473-3882 [email protected] of Way [email protected] TOLL FREE AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR FAX 877-482-7411 FOR ALL MAJOR CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS 321-226-0213 Officers – Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council & Chapters Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council (SE-EPPC) • President – Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University, [email protected] • Secretary – Karen Brown, University of Florida–IFAS, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants [email protected] • Treasurer – Lee Patrick, Invasive Plant Control, Inc., [email protected] WildlandF ALLWeeds 2010, VOLUME 13, NUMBER 4 • Past President – Chuck Bargeron, University of Georgia, Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, [email protected] • SE-EPPC Representative to NAEPPC – Brian Bowen, Tennessee Dept. of Environment and Table of Contents Conservation, Division of Natural Heritage, [email protected] 5 Clearing a Path Through Bottomland Hardwoods Using the Alabama Invasive Plant Council (ALIPC) Basal Bark Treatment Method by Tim Albritton • President – Jimmie Cobb, Dow AgroSciences, [email protected] 7 Value of Weed Management for Nature-Based Outdoor • President-Elect – Stephen F.
    [Show full text]
  • First Steps Towards a Floral Structural Characterization of the Major Rosid Subclades
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 First steps towards a floral structural characterization of the major rosid subclades Endress, P K ; Matthews, M L Abstract: A survey of our own comparative studies on several larger clades of rosids and over 1400 original publications on rosid flowers shows that floral structural features support to various degrees the supraordinal relationships in rosids proposed by molecular phylogenetic studies. However, as many apparent relationships are not yet well resolved, the structural support also remains tentative. Some of the features that turned out to be of interest in the present study had not previously been considered in earlier supraordinal studies. The strongest floral structural support is for malvids (Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales), which reflects the strong support of phylogenetic analyses. Somewhat less structurally supported are the COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, Malpighiales) and the nitrogen-fixing (Cucurbitales, Fagales, Fabales, Rosales) clades of fabids, which are both also only weakly supported in phylogenetic analyses. The sister pairs, Cucurbitales plus Fagales, and Malvales plus Sapindales, are structurally only weakly supported, and for the entire fabids there is no clear support by the present floral structural data. However, an additional grouping, the COM clade plus malvids, shares some interesting features but does not appear as a clade in phylogenetic analyses. Thus it appears that the deepest split within eurosids- that between fabids and malvids - in molecular phylogenetic analyses (however weakly supported) is not matched by the present structural data. Features of ovules including thickness of integuments, thickness of nucellus, and degree of ovular curvature, appear to be especially interesting for higher level relationships and should be further explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Microbial and Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus Acidus Leaves
    Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-microbial and Cytotoxic activity of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy Submitted by Md. Nasib Rahman Arafat ID: 2013-3-70-010 Department of Pharmacy East West University Declaration by the Author I, Md. Nasib Rahman Arafat, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled "Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-microbial and Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus acidus Leaves" submitted by me to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, under the supervision and guidance of Abdullah-Al-Faysal, Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University. The thesis paper has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university. ____________________________ Md. Nasib Rahman Arafat ID: 2013-3-70-010 Department of Pharmacy East West University i Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-microbial and Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus acidus Leaves Certificate by the Supervisor This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti- microbial and Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus acidus Leaves" submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, was carried out by Md. Nasib Rahman Arafat (Student ID: 2013-3-70-010) under my supervision and no part of this dissertation has been or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any Degree/ Diploma.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants
    3 Biotech (2017) 7:144 DOI 10.1007/s13205-017-0746-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Discriminatory power of rbcL barcode locus for authentication of some of United Arab Emirates (UAE) native plants 1 1 1 Lina Maloukh • Alagappan Kumarappan • Mohammad Jarrar • 1 1 1 Jawad Salehi • Houssam El-wakil • T. V. Rajya Lakshmi Received: 24 October 2016 / Accepted: 6 February 2017 / Published online: 8 June 2017 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract DNA barcoding of United Arab Emirates (UAE) the rbcL sequences and for 6 of matK sequences. We native plants is of high practical and scientific value as the suggest rbcL as a promising barcode locus for the tested plants adapt to very harsh environmental conditions that group of 51 plants. In the present study, an inexpensive, challenge their identification. Fifty-one plant species simple method of identification of rare desert plant taxa belonged to 22 families, 2 monocots, and 20 eudicots; a through rbcL barcode is being reported. maximum number of species being legumes and grasses were collected. To authenticate the morphological identi- Keywords United Arab Emirates Á Monocots Á Eudicots Á fication of the wild plant taxa, rbcL and matK regions were Native plants Á rbcL Á matK Á Barcode used in the study. The primer universality and discrimi- natory power of rbcL is 100%, while it is 35% for matK locus for these plant species. The sequences were submit- Introduction ted to GenBank; accession numbers were obtained for all The UAE is a dry land, covered with wadis, waterless riv- erbeds, sand dunes, plains, and mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllanthus Urinaria: a Potential Phytopharmacological Source of Natural Medicine
    Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(7):6509-6520 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0070937 Review Article Phyllanthus urinaria: a potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine Guankui Du1*, Man Xiao1*, Siman Yu2, Mengyi Wang2, Yiqiang Xie2, Shenggang Sang2 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China; 2First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, China. *Equal contributors. Received December 14, 2017; Accepted May 20, 2018; Epub July 15, 2018; Published July 30, 2018 Abstract: Phyllanthus urinaria is an herb species in the family Euphorbiaceae. P. urinaria, which grows mainly in tropical regions such as India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia and the United States, has long been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of liver damage, hepatitis, jaundice, renal disorders, en- teritis, diarrhea, and dropsy. Experimentally, P. urinaria displays antiviral, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, carboxylic acids, tannins, coumarins, and lignans in P. urinaria extracts (PUE). Meanwhile, PUE possess various pharmacological and biological activities. This study summarizes the ethno-medical use, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile ofP. urinaria. As a medicinal plant, this herb has emerged as a good source of traditional medicines. However, the composition-activity relationship for this plant deserves further research. Keywords: Phyllanthus urinaria, chemical constituents, antivirus, antitumor, liver protection Introduction Very recently, the anti-tumor [9], anti-inflamma- tory [10] and anti-microbial [11] activities of P. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (P. urinaria), commonly urinaria were reported. In addition, P. urinaria called chamber bitter, is an herb species in the extracts show antiviral activities against hepati- family Euphorbiaceae [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis of Subgenus Phyllanthus
    SYNOPSIS OF SUBGENUS PHYLLANTHUS Subgenus PHYLLANTHUS. Monoecious or dioecious herbs or shrubs with phyllanthoid branching; inflorescences axillary on deciduous brnachlets, glomerular, unisexual or bisexual. Staminate sepals (4) 5 or 6; disk dissected; stamens 2 or 3 (4), free or united; anthers dehiscing vertically to horizontally; pollen grains prolate, 3- or 4-colporate, exine reticulate or tectate-punctate. Pistillate sepals 5 or 6; disk cupular, annular, or dissected; ovary 3-locular; styles mostly free, bifid. Fruit capsular, seeds trigonous, mostly ribbed or verruculose. This large subgenus includes mostly of the weedy annual species of Phyllanthus, but also a great variety of perennial herbs and small shrubs. KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF SUBGENUS PHYLLANTHUS 1. Stamens 5, free; pollen grains 4-colporate; monoecious herbs or shrubs; seeds verruculose. Sect. 1. Pentandra 1. Stamens mostly 2 or 3 (rarely 4), filaments free or connate; pollen grains 3- or 4-colporate; monoecious or dioecious; seeds striate, ribbed, or verruculose. 2. Ovary smooth (or if roughened, then seeds not transversely ribbed). 3. Leaves on lateral axes not reduced to scales,. 4. Anthers distinctly emarginate, the thecae discrete; pollen grains spheroidal, coarsely reticulate; shrubs or undershrubs………Sect. 2. Lysiandra 5. Leaves subtending branchlets mostly not reduced to scales; branchlet axes scarcely (if at all) zigzag. Subsect. 2.1 Subcrenulati 5. Leaves subtending branchlets mostly reduced to scales (except in P. subemarginatus); branchlet axes ± zigzag. Subsect. 2.2. Subemarginati 4. Leaves subtending deciduous branchlets reduced to cataphylls; seeds various; anthers usually not emarginate. 6. Pistillate flowers mostly several per axil; shrubs, branchlets wing-angled; cataphyllary stipules indurate, auriculate.
    [Show full text]