WEED IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

Carpetgrass American Burnweed Common Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Axonopus affi nis (Carpetgrass) is a mat-forming Erechtites hieracifolia (American Burnweed Stellaria media (Common Chickweed) is a mat- Cerastium vulgatum (Mouse-ear Chickweed) is a perennial that can be identifi ed by its smooth leaf or Fireweed) is a robust summer annual identifi ed forming winter annual or short-lived perennial in winter perennial with alternating leaves that are blades with rounded tips. Typically, a few long by its spiraling, alternating elliptic to lance-shaped temperate regions and is identifi ed by alternating, oblong and covered with hair. Prostrate overall, hairs are present on the leaf sheath at the base leaves with narrow, sharp-pointed bases on the shiny leaves - egg or oval, to broadly elliptic, in Mouse-ear Chickweed will have several upright of the blade. Often found coexisting in centipede lower part of the stem and clasping based on the shape. Upper leaves are without , while the stems. The weed can further be identifi ed by lawns. Carpetgrass is found in the Coastal Plain of upper. American Burnweed fl owers late-spring lower leaves have sparsely, hairy long petiole. Found the white fl owers containing fi ve pedals that are the Gulf states, north to North Carolina and west to through fall and can be found throughout most of throughout North America, with the exception of notched at the ends. Mouse-ear Chickweed can be Arkansas and Oklahoma. Eastern, Central and Southern . the Rocky Mountains. found throughout the United States.

Clumpy Rye Annual Lespedeza Dandelion Plantain, Bracted Lolium perenne (Perennial ryegrass) or Lolium Kummerowia striata (Common or Annual Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a stemless Plantago aristata (Bracted Plantain) is a winter multifl orum (Annual ryegrass) is a winter annual Lespedeza) is a freely-branched summer annual perennial. With its deep taproots, the Dandelion annual with basal leaves that grow from a taproot. or perennial that is often a weed leftover from legume with leaves that alternate with three egg- is identifi ed by the single yellow fl ower at the Bracted Plantain can be identified by its dark seeding of these grasses in the fall. These shaped to oblong, smooth leafl ets with a short spur end of each long, hollow stalk. When the weed green, soft, hairy to smooth, long linear – grass- can become clumpy and unsightly in appearance. at the tip of each. Leafl ets also have prominent matures, the yellow fl ower matures into white, puff like – leaves. Bracted Plantain can be found in most Perennial ryegrass is a low-growing, tufted, midveins with parallel veins. Common Lespedeza balls containing . Dandelion can be found southern states, north to Michigan, west to , hairless grass, lacking stolons or rhizomes. Leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy on the is common in the Southern United States, north throughout the continental United States, Alaska California, the Pacifi c Northwest and Hawaii. lower surface, with untoothed parallel sides and to Pennsylvania and west to Texas, Kansas and and Hawaii. prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. Missouri.

Crabgrass, Large Asiatic Hawksbeard Corn Speedwell Plantain, Broadleaf Digitaria sanguinalis L. (Large Crabgrass) is a Youngia japonica (Asiatic Hawksbeard) is a warm Veronica arvensis L. (Corn Speedwell) is a low- Plantago major (Broadleaf Plantain) is a perennial summer annual identifi ed by leaf blades that are season annual that can be identi fi ed by the fl owering growing winter annual with two levels of leaves. herb that can be identifi ed by its distinctive basal longer than two inches and are usually hairy and stalks that branch from the uppermost part of the The lower leaves are near rounded with toothed rosette of leaves and fi brous root system. Broadleaf rolled in the bud. Large Crabgrass germinates in . Flowers are yellow to orange-yellow with margins while the upper leaves are smaller in size Plantain leaves are egg-shaped, with parallel main early spring and is found throughout the United fi ve tiny teeth at the end of the outermost petals. and more linear in shape. Corn Speedwell can veins and can be found throughout the United States with the exception of . Asiatic Hawksbeard can be found in Pennsylvania, be found throughout the United States, with the States with the exception of Northeastern United south through Florida and west into Louisiana. exclusion of the Rocky Mountain region. States.

Dallisgrass Black Medic Creeping Beggarweed Prostrate Knotweed Paspalum dilatatum (Dallisgrass) also known as Medicago lupulina L. (Black Medic) is a taprooted Desmodium canum (Creeping Beggarweed) is a Polygonum aviculare (Prostrate Knotweed) is a Caterpillar grass, Dallisgrass is a warm-season summer annual or, less commonly, a winter annual perennial which grows from a large taproot with mat-forming, summer annual identifi able by its clumpy perennial with tall, pointed, membranous or biennial. Black Medic is dark green in appearance, long, extensively branched hairy runners rooting blue-green colored, alternating leaves. Leaves are ligule. Leaves are rolled in the bud, fl at and wide, with leaves composed of three leafl ets on long at nodes. Leaves maintain a trifoliate appearance smooth, oblong to linear in appearance and joined with fi ne hairs on the lower section of the leaf. petioles. Black Medic can be found throughout the that vary in size with an elliptic shape including to the stem by a sheathing membrane. The annual Dallisgrass can be found throughout the Southern continental United States and Hawaii – especially a pointed tip. Creeping Beggarweed is found fl owers from late spring until frost and is found United States from the mid-Atlantic west to in lesser or unmaintained turf. throughout Florida and in southern Texas. throughout the United States. Tennessee.

Doveweed Carolina False Dandelion Dichondra Purple Cudweed Murdannia nudiflora (Doveweed) is a summer Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Carolina False Dichondra carolinensis (Dichondra) is a creeping, Gnaphalium purpureum L. (Purple Cudweed) can annual identifi ed by its fl eshy, narrow lance- Dandelion) is a winter annual or biennial with pale- prostrate perennial that roots at the nodes. be found in cooler climates as an upright summer or shaped leaves as well as its stems that root at green erect, branched fl owering stems with bright Dichondra leaves are light pale green and are winter annual, or as a biennial in warmer climates. nodes. Doveweed is also identifi ed by short leaf yellow fl owers at the ends. Leaves are sharply sparsely hairy. Leaves are nearly round to kidney- Purple Cudweed develops from a basal rosette sheaths with short hairs on the upper margins. pointed, with complete or deeply-lobed margins. shaped. Dichondra occurs in moist turf and woods of leaves and the upper surface of the leaves is Doveweed usually germinates later in the growing Carolina False Dandelion can be found in the and can be found from to Texas. covered with woolly white hairs. season than other summer annuals and can be Southern United States, west to Texas, into Kansas found from Virginia, into , through Florida and as far north as Pennsylvania and Delaware. and west into Texas.

Goosegrass Carolina Geranium Dogfennel Purslane, Common Eleusine indica (Goosegrass) is a summer annual Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina Geranium) is Eupatorium capillifolium (Dogfennel) is a tall- Portulaca oleracea (Common Purslane) is a with compressed, often fl attened, stems radiating a semi-erect eight to 28 inch tall winter annual or growing, short-lived perennial which can be prostrate, mat-forming summer annual. Leaves outward from a center point that is white/gray biennial. Carolina Geranium can be identifi ed by identifi ed by its deeply dissected leaves that alternate or are positioned nearly opposite, with a in color. Leaves are smooth, folded in the bud, the greenish-pink to red, densely hairy stems as appear as fi ne hair-like linear segments. Feathery slightly spoon or wedge-shaped shape. Leaves are occasionally with hair near the base. Additionally, well as its, round to oval, hairy leaves, with blunt- in appearance, lower leaves are opposite while rounded at the tip, narrowed at the base. Common there are visible, short-toothed membranous ligule toothed margins. Carolina Geranium can be found upper leaves alternate. Dogfennel is found in Purslane is found throughout the United States, at the base of the leaf blade, divided at the center. throughout the continental United States and Massachusetts and New Jersey, south to Florida but is more common in the Northwest, while less Goosegrass can be found throughout temperate Hawaii. and west to Texas and Arkansas. common in the Pacifi c Northwest. and warm regions of the United States.

Gophertail Lovegrass Carpetweed Dollarweed Spurge, Garden Eragrostis ciliaris (Gophertail Lovegrass) is an Mollugo verticillata (Carpetweed) is a prostrate Hydrocotyle spp. (Dollarweed), also called Chamaesyce hirta (Garden Spurge) is a taprooted erect summer annual with smooth leaves that have summer annual with smooth leaves that are Pennywort, is a summer perennial weed common in warm season annual with erect, hairy branched hairs on the upper margins of the leaf sheaths. light green in color and spoon-shaped. Leaves Florida and Texas, among other warm season states. stems. Leaves are opposite, with differentiating Gophertail Lovegrass can also be identifi ed by its are arranged in whorls of fi ve to six per node. There are actually several of dollarweed. base as well as being hairy with teeth on the rolled vernation. It can be found in New Jersey, Carpetweed fl owers white, tiny, fl owers arranged Leaves are round in shape, approximately one inch margins. Flowering mid-through late-summer, south into Florida and west to Texas. in clusters of two to fi ve in mid-summer through in diameter. Weed leaves hold a bright green hue Garden Spurge can be found in , early fall. It can be found throughout most of the and are shiny, with scalloped margins. south throughout Florida and west to . United States.

Kyllinga, Green Cat’s-ear Dandelion Facelis Spurge, Spotted Kyllinga brevifolia (Green Kyllinga) is a mat-forming Hypochoeris radicata (Cat’s-ear Dandelion) is a Facelis retusa (Facelis or Annual Trampweed) is a Chamaesyce maculata (Spotted Spurge), also perennial sedge with dark green leaves and stems. perennial weed with multiple yellow upright fl owers winter annual with freely branched stems at the known as Prostrate Spurge, this is a summer annual Green Kyllinga grows up to six inches in height. that resemble Dandelions. Cat’s-ear Dandelions base. Facelis leaves are narrow in shape with a dull with freely branched prostrate, mat-forming stems Its seedhead is initially pale-green in color, turning can be differentiated by the toothed and slightly green upper surface and a lower surface covered from a central taproot. Stems, when broken, have brown at maturity. The seedhead usually has three pointed edges of the leaves. Cat’s-ear Dandelions with white turfs of long hairs. Facelis can be found a “milky” sap. Spotted Spurge tends to germinate short leaves just below. Green Kyllinga can be can be found along the eastern seaboard from in Tennessee and North Carolina, and south into in the spring and can be found along the Eastern found from Georgia into south Florida and west to New Jersey to Florida, and west to Mississippi. north Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma. United States as well as west to North Dakota and Texas and California. Texas, and into California and Oregon.

Poa annua Chamberbitter Florida Betony Shiny Cudweed Poa annua (Annual Bluegrass) is a small clumped, urinaria L. (Chamberbitter) is a warm- Stachys fl oridana (Florida Betony) is a smooth Gnaphalium americanum (Shiny Cudweed) is an yellow-green winter annual. Leaf blades are smooth season annual broadleaf weed that is also known or hairy, freely branched upright perennial herb. erect summer or winter annual or biennial with on both surfaces with keeled or boat-shaped tips as gripeweed and little . Chamberbitter Leaves are arranged oppositely along the stem and a prominent rosette of basal leaves. Leaves are while the sheath is smooth, compressed and is identifi able by its two rows of leaves arranged are lance shaped with rounded margins. Florida a bright, shiny green on the upper surface, and keeled. Poa annua can be found in excessively oppositely on branchlets. The leaves are thin, with Betony branches from slender underground stems densely white hair beneath. It can be found in wet, compacted soils throughout much of the smooth margins. Chamberbitter is found from with segmented tubers. Native to Florida, Florida Southern Florida throughout the southeast, north United States. Texas to Florida, as well as in the tropics. Betony can now be found from Virginia to Texas. to New York, west to Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas and Texas – as well as in Oregon.

Rescuegrass Clover, Rabbitfoot Florida Pusley Virginia Buttonweed Bromus catharticus (Rescuegrass) is a cool- Trifolium arvense (Rabbitfoot Clover) is a winter Richardia scabra L. (Florida Pusley) is a summer Diodia virginiana (Virginia Buttonweed) is a mat- season perennial bunchgrass. Rescuegrass annual with densely hairy leaves and stems. annual with branched, densely hairy stems from forming spreading perennial herb. Leaves are grows between two to four feet in height and can Rabbitfoot Clover is identifi ed by alternating leaves a taproot. The alternating leaves are oval-shaped elliptic to lance-shaped and are joined across the be further identifi ed by its fl at leaf blades of up to with three, narrow, oblong leafl ets and smooth and slightly rough with hairy margins and can be stem by a lightly hairy membrane. Leaves are dark a foot in length. Rescuegrass can be found in the leaf margins with small teeth-like projections at identifi ed by its white, tubular, clustered fl owers green and shiny, with white tubular fl owers at each Southern United States, north to Oklahoma and the tip. Rabbitfoot Clover can be found throughout at the end of its branches. Florida Pusley can be leaf axil. The weed can be found in New Jersey, west to and California. the Southeastern United States to the central found in the Southeast, Northeast and Midwestern west to Illinois and Missouri and south into the Gulf peninsula of Florida, west to Louisiana and north United States. Coast states. to Missouri.

Thin Paspalum Clover, White Lawn Burweed Yellow Woodsorrel Paspalum setaceum (Thin Paspalum), also called Trifolium repens L. (White Clover) is a low-growing Soliva sessilis (Lawn Burweed) is a low-growing, Oxalis stricta (Yellow Woodsorrel) is a herbaceous Bull Paspalum, is a warm-season perennial in perennial with creeping stems that root at the freely branched winter annual. Leaves alternate perennial found in warmer climates and an annual the family Poaceae, found throughout much of nodes. Identifi able by its compound leaves divided with sparse hair and are twice divided into narrow in cooler areas. Yellow Woodsorrel is identified the United States but primarily along the eastern into three leafl ets that may have a white band lobes. Lawn Burweed occurs in most turf and is by its green to yellow-green, alternating leaves, corridor. Thin Paspalum can be identifi ed by its encircling the base of each leafl et. White Clover generally found in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont divided into three partly-folded, lobes appearing fl at, hairy to almost smooth, leaf blades. This can be found throughout the continental United regions of most southern states, as well as in heart-shaped. It can be found in most of the weed produces short rhizomes and can form a States and Hawaii. North Carolina, south into Florida and west to Eastern and Central United States. clump. Texas.

Courtesy of L. B. McCarty, unless otherwise noted.

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