DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Ethanol and Water Introduction Via Fumigation on Efficiency and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Using an Atomization Technique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Ethanol and Water Introduction Via Fumigation on Efficiency and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Using an Atomization Technique University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Biological Systems Engineering--Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research Biological Systems Engineering 8-2010 Evaluation of Ethanol and Water Introduction via Fumigation on Efficiency and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Using an Atomization Technique Grant S. Janousek University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosysengdiss Part of the Biological Engineering Commons Janousek, Grant S., "Evaluation of Ethanol and Water Introduction via Fumigation on Efficiency and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Using an Atomization Technique" (2010). Biological Systems Engineering--Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research. 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosysengdiss/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Systems Engineering at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Systems Engineering--Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. EVALUATION OF ETHANOL AND WATER INTRODUCTION VIA FUMIGATION ON EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS OF A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE USING AN ATOMIZATION TECHNIQUE By Grant S. Janousek A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree Master of Science Major: Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering Under the Supervision of Professor Roger Hoy Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2010 ii Evaluation of Ethanol and Water Introduction via Fumigation on Efficiency and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Using an Atomization Technique Grant S. Janousek, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: Roger Hoy Abstract Performance of a diesel engine, equipped for ethanol and water fumigation, was studied. The method implemented allowed for non-destructive introduction of liquids in advance of the turbocharger. Engine torque, speed, emission components, diesel and ethanol fuel rates were recorded and analyzed for each mixture of inputs. Based on the results of the study, thermal efficiency was not significantly different from the baseline diesel performance when using several ethanol and water mixtures. On the other hand, ethanol fumigation caused a significant reduction in NOx emissions and an increase in HC and CO emissions. No significant changes in CO 2 or O 2 occurred. iii Acknowledgements The author would like to thank those who have assisted and provided guidance throughout the research. The content of this thesis would not exist without the help from everyone involved. God, for support and guidance throughout my life. My wife, Becky, for her love and support. She also assisted during weekend testing. My family for believing in me, and their support and encouragement throughout my education. Dr. Roger Hoy for his guidance as advisor and for providing the resources necessary to perform engine research. Dr. Viacheslav Adamchuk and Dr. Milford Hanna for their expertise and advice while serving on my graduate committee. Dr. Anne Parkhurst for her excellence as a statistics professor and statistics advisor. Austin Lammers who wrote the LabVIEW program and for his expertise on instrumentation and data collection. The Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, Dave Morgan, Brent Sampson and Ray Kubert for providing technical assistance, resources and the facility to complete this research. Scott Minchow and the Biological Systems Engineering Shop for assistance and providing the resources for building safety shields and test stands. iv John Eastin and Kamterter for providing a nozzle to be evaluated and personnel to assist in tests. The 2010 student employees of the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory for their assistance in engine set-up and testing. The Department of Biological Systems Engineering faculty for their expertise and advice on various topics while performing this work. Robert Weber for his assistance and expertise on fuels, bomb calorimetry and emission testing. John Deere Power Systems for sparking my interest in emission reduction and aftertreatment technologies throughout my three internships, and for their technical assistance while testing. The Industrial Products Center and Loren Isom for their assistance in this research. Industrial Irrigation for loaning the John Deere engine to be used for educational and test purposes. Water, Energy, and Agriculture Initiative (WEAI) of Nebraska for their financial support. Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences for their support in this research. Everyone involved, Thank you. v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................1 1.1 The Need For A Fumigation Study .................................................1 1.2 Objective..........................................................................................2 Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................3 2.1 NOx Formation ................................................................................3 2.2 NOx Reduction Techniques ............................................................ 4 2.2.1 Engine Control .................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Injection .............................................................................. 5 2.2.3 Exhaust Gas Recirculation .................................................. 6 2.2.4 Advanced Turbocharging .................................................... 7 2.2.5 NOx Specific Aftertreatment Systems ................................ 7 2.3 Past Fumigation Results ................................................................ 11 2.3.1 Methanol Fumigation with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst... 11 vi 2.3.2 Ethanol Fumigation ........................................................... 12 2.3.3 Water Induction In Diesel Engines ................................... 15 Chapter 3: Material and Methods ................................................................................16 3.1 Test Criteria ...................................................................................16 3.1.1 Test Design .........................................................................16 3.1.2 Location Selection ..............................................................16 3.1.3 Engine Selection .................................................................16 3.1.4 Fuels....................................................................................17 3.1.5 Nozzle Description..............................................................20 3.1.6 Instrumentation ...................................................................22 3.1.7 Data Acquisition .................................................................25 3.2 Test Procedure ...............................................................................25 3.3 Data Analysis.................................................................................27 Chapter 4: Ethanol Fumigation Results .......................................................................29 4.1 Emissions Results ..........................................................................29 4.1.1 NOx ..................................................................................29 4.1.2 Carbon Monoxide ...............................................................33 4.1.3 Carbon Dioxide...................................................................33 4.1.4 Oxygen................................................................................34 4.1.5 Hydrocarbons ......................................................................35 vii 4.2 Thermal Efficiency Results ...........................................................38 4.3 Engine Performance Results..........................................................38 4.3.1 Engine Power and Torque ..................................................39 4.3.2 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ......................................40 4.3.3 Turbocharger ......................................................................40 4.4 Future Work...................................................................................42 Chapter 5: Water Fumigation Results..........................................................................43 5.1 Emissions Results ..........................................................................43 5.2 Thermal Efficiency Results ...........................................................44 5.3 Engine Performance Results ..........................................................45 5.4 Future Work ...................................................................................45
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Messerschmitt Bf 109
    Messerschmitt Bf 109 Bf 109 The most famous survivor, Messerschmitt Bf109G-2/Trop "Black 6", Wk Nr 10639; photo taken 1997 Duxford Air Show. Type Fighter Manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke Messerschmitt Designed by Willy Messerschmitt Maiden flight 28 May 1935 Introduced 1937 Retired 1945, Luftwaffe 1965, Spain Status Retired Primary users Luftwaffe Spanish Air Force Number built more than 33,000. Variants Avia S-199 Hispano Aviacion Ha 1112 1 German Airfield, France, 1941 propaganda photo of the Luftwaffe, Bf 109 fighters on the tarmac The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt in the early 1930s. It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as an all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing gear. The Bf 109 was produced in greater quantities than any other fighter aircraft in history, with 30,573 units built alone during 1939-1945. Fighter production totalled 47% of all German aircraft production, and the Bf 109 accounted for 57% of all fighter types produced[1]. The Bf 109 was the standard fighter of the Luftwaffe for the duration of World War II, although it began to be partially replaced by the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 starting in 1941. The Bf 109 scored more aircraft kills in World War II than any other aircraft. At various times it served as an air superiority fighter, an escort fighter, an interceptor, a ground-attack aircraft and a reconnaissance aircraft. Although the Bf 109 had weaknesses, including a short range, and especially a sometimes difficult to handle narrow, outward-retracting undercarriage, it stayed competitive with Allied fighter aircraft until the end of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Messerschmitt Bf 109 E–F Series
    MESSERSCHMITT Bf 109 E–F SERIES ROBERT JACKSON 19/06/2015 12:23 Key MESSERSCHMITT Bf 109E-3 1. Three-blade VDM variable pitch propeller G 2. Daimler-Benz DB 601 engine, 12-cylinder inverted-Vee, 1,150hp 3. Exhaust 4. Engine mounting frame 5. Outwards-retracting main undercarriage ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND ILLUSTRATOR 6. Two 20mm cannon, one in each wing 7. Automatic leading edge slats ROBERT JACKSON is a full-time writer and lecturer, mainly on 8. Wing structure: All metal, single main spar, stressed skin covering aerospace and defense issues, and was the defense correspondent 9. Split flaps for North of England Newspapers. He is the author of more than 10. All-metal strut-braced tail unit 60 books on aviation and military subjects, including operational 11. All-metal monocoque fuselage histories on famous aircraft such as the Mustang, Spitfire and 12. Radio mast Canberra. A former pilot and navigation instructor, he was a 13. 8mm pilot armour plating squadron leader in the RAF Volunteer Reserve. 14. Cockpit canopy hinged to open to starboard 11 15. Staggered pair of 7.92mm MG17 machine guns firing through 12 propeller ADAM TOOBY is an internationally renowned digital aviation artist and illustrator. His work can be found in publications worldwide and as box art for model aircraft kits. He also runs a successful 14 13 illustration studio and aviation prints business 15 10 1 9 8 4 2 3 6 7 5 AVG_23 Inner.v2.indd 1 22/06/2015 09:47 AIR VANGUARD 23 MESSERSCHMITT Bf 109 E–F SERIES ROBERT JACKSON AVG_23_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.layout.v11.indd 1 23/06/2015 09:54 This electronic edition published 2015 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain in 2015 by Osprey Publishing, PO Box 883, Oxford, OX1 9PL, UK PO Box 3985, New York, NY 10185-3985, USA E-mail: [email protected] Osprey Publishing, part of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc © 2015 Osprey Publishing Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • User Guide Rev
    ... print your plane | www.3DLabPrint.com User Guide rev. 2020/02 Fully 3d printable Focke-Wulf Ta 152 H scale 1:12, wingspan 1236 mm / 48.2 inch page 1 ... print your plane | www.3DLabPrint.com Focke-Wulf Ta 152 H – fully printable R/C plane for your desktop 3Dprinter Future of flying - Print your own plane. Fully 3D printable RC model of the “Höhenjäger” german attack plane, specially designed to meet ACES aircombat requirements, but also as a cheap and easy to build RC model for ev- eryday flying. Many scale details such as armament, airframe plating or exhausts encourag- es to create realistic paint jobs. Huge wing area results in nice stall characteristics and easy landings. Get ready for battle with this great performing flying legend! The first fully printable airplanes with files prepared for your 3Dprinter, with flight characteristics, comparable or even supperior to classic build model airplane. This is not a dream, now you can print this HI-TECH at home. Simply download and print the whole plane or spare parts anytime you need just for a cost of filament only about $18 Extensive hi-tech 3d structural reinforcement making the model very rigid while maintaining a lightweight airframe and exact airfoil even it’s just a plastic. This perfect and exact 3d structure is possible only thanks to additive 3dprinting technology. So welcome to the 21st century of model flying and be the first at your airfield. Easy to assembly, you don’t need any extra tools or hardware, just glue printed parts together and make pushrods for control surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Focke Wulf 152 H 114 Inches (2.89M) Plan (Other 42” Wing Span Plan Included)
    Focke Wulf 152 H 114 Inches (2.89m) Plan (Other 42” Wing Span Plan Included) The Focke-Wulf Ta 152 was a World War II German high-altitude fighter-interceptor designed by Kurt Tank and produced by Focke-Wulf. The Ta 152 was a development of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 aircraft. It was intended to be made in at least three versions—the Ta 152H Höhenjäger ("high-altitude fighter"), the Ta 152C designed for medium-altitude operations and ground-attack using a different engine and smaller wing, and the Ta 152E fighter-reconnaissance aircraft with the engine of the H model and the wing of the C model. Focke Wulf 152 H 114 Inches (2.89m) Plan (Other 42” Wing Span Plan Included) The first Ta 152H entered service with the Luftwaffe in January 1945. While total production—including prototypes and pre-production aircraft—has been incorrectly estimated in one source at approximately 220 units,[2] only some 43 production aircraft were ever delivered before the end of the European conflict.[1] These were too few to allow the Ta 152 to make a significant impact on the air war. Design and development Due to the difficulties German interceptors were having when battling American heavy bombers at altitudes above 20,000 feet, and in light of rumors of new B-29 bombers with better altitude capabilities, the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (German Air Ministry, or "RLM") requested proposals from both Focke-Wulf and Messerschmitt for a high-altitude interceptor. Messerschmitt answered with the Bf 109H, and Focke-Wulf with the Fw 190 Raffat-1, or Ra-1 (fighter), Ra-2 (high altitude fighter) and Ra-3 (ground-attack aircraft).
    [Show full text]
  • DCS Bf 109 K-4 Kurfürst Flight Manual DCS [Bf 109 K-4]
    DCS Bf 109 K-4 Kurfürst Flight Manual DCS [Bf 109 K-4] Dear User, Thank you for your purchase of DCS: Bf 109 K-4. DCS: Bf 109 K-4 is a simulation of a legendary German World War II fighter, and is the fifth installment in the Digital Combat Simulator (DCS) series of PC combat simulations. Like previous DCS titles, DCS: Bf 109 K-4 features a painstakingly reproduced model of the aircraft, including the external model and cockpit, as well as all of the mechanical systems and aerodynamic properties. Along the lines of our flagship P-51D Mustang title, DCS: Bf 109 K-4 places you behind the controls of a powerful, propeller-driven, piston engine combat aircraft. Designed long before “fly- by-wire” technology was available to assist the pilot in flight control or smart bombs and beyond visual range missiles were developed to engage targets with precision from afar, the Kurfürst is a personal and exhilarating challenge to master. Powerful and deadly, the aircraft nicknamed the "Kurfürst" provides an exhilarating combat experience to its drivers, and a worthy challenge to all fans of DCS P-51D Mustang. As operators of one of the largest collections of restored World War II aircraft, we at The Fighter Collection and the development team at Eagle Dynamics were fortunate to be able to take advantage of our intimate knowledge of WWII aviation to ensure the DCS model is one of the most accurate virtual reproductions of this aircraft ever made. Combined with volumes of outside research and documentation, the field trips to the TFC hangar and countless consultations and tests by TFC pilots were invaluable in the creation of this simulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Messerschmitt Bf 109G
    PROFILE Messerschmitt Bf 109G Editors Nico Braas Srecko Bradic LET LET LET WARPLANES Messerschmitt Bf 109G Interesting to see naturall metal Bf 109G during test Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6/U4 (Richard Atkins Collection via Mark Nankivil) , flown by Capitano Giovanni Spiga- glia, Nucleo Commando, 2 Gruppo CT, Villafranca, November 1944. Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-14, from III/JG 76, 1944 US evaluation of the Bf 109G Bf109G 464549 Introduction When the Messerschmitt design abbreviated the original name team began work in 1934 on a new Bayerische Flugzeugwerke or Ba- fighter for the Luftwaffe it resulted varian Aircraft Factory) and its Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-1, flown in an aircraft that gained the same production from 1937 continued by Walter Nowotny, East front. Air- fame as the British Spitfire. It was until the end of the war, although plane wears non standard top coat in single green color probably Robert Lusser, the “fa- the last Bf 109 variants had little ther” of the M-37, alias Bf 108 Tai- in common with the first versions. fun who was responsible for most The two versions in production un- of the basic design work, rather til the end of the war were the Bf than Walter Rethel as suggested in 109G and the much improved final some sources. version the Bf 109K. It was the Bf 109G that was built in greater The new fighter type became numbers than any other 109 vari- known as the Bf 109 (where Bf ants and the type that was encoun- 2 3 LET LET LET WARPLANES Messerschmitt Bf 109G Bf 109G captured at Malta.
    [Show full text]