PENYELIDIKAN GEOKIMIA REGIONAL SISTEMATIK LEMBAR ATAMBUA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Oleh : Yose Rizal Ramli SUBDIT MINERAL LOGAM

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PENYELIDIKAN GEOKIMIA REGIONAL SISTEMATIK LEMBAR ATAMBUA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Oleh : Yose Rizal Ramli SUBDIT MINERAL LOGAM PENYELIDIKAN GEOKIMIA REGIONAL SISTEMATIK LEMBAR ATAMBUA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Oleh : Yose Rizal Ramli SUBDIT MINERAL LOGAM A B S T R A C T Systematic regional geochemical drainage exploration has been conducted in Timor Tengah Utara and Timor Tengah Selatan district and Belu district, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, located between 124° 0' 00" - 125° 0' 00" Longitude and 9° 0' 00" - 10° 0' 00" Latitude. The survey area is underlain by ten unit of lithology of Tertiary to Pre Tertiary in age, consist of ultrabasic, volcanics, sedimentary, melange and diorite intrusion rocks that consist of fine to coarse grain quartz diorite where some diabasic in texture, locally encountered in Bakitolas and Manduras area. At Fatuoni and Fatu Besin in North Biboki distric and Atapupu, inlaying by ultrabasic rocks group as basalt, lehrzolit and serpentinite, that generally controlled by thrust fault. The same unit also seems in Jenilu district which cropted out and serpentinized with asbes fiber and lamellar in structure. The other ultrabasic sequence is cropted out also in Oefune at Fatu Lakaan mountain area, serpentinite, dunit, quartz vein, quaternary sediment and coastal deposits. Tasifeto Barat, Kota Atambua, Tasifeto Timur 1. PENDAHULUAN dan Lamakmen, Kabupaten TTU dan sebagian Penyelidikan Geokimia Regional TTS, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Secara Sistematik merupakan kegiatan penyelidikan geografis, daerah-daerah tersebut terletak yang sifatnya berlanjut untuk setiap lembar antara 124º 0' 00" hingga 125º 0' 00" Bujur peta di seluruh Indonesia secara bersistem, Timur dan antara 9º 0' 00" hingga 10º 0' 00" guna penyediaan data dasar geokimia yang Lintang Selatan. (Gambar 1) nantinya disajikan berupa atlas geokimia. Daerah penyelidikan dapat ditempuh Pemetaan geokimia regional selain berperan dengan kendaraan umum (bis/kapal feri) dari penting dalam eksplorasi mineral, juga dapat Jakarta dan kemudian dari ibukota provinsi, dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan tataguna lahan Kupang ke ibu kota kabupaten serta daerah seperti pertanian, perkebunan, peternakan dan penyelidikan dapat ditempuh dengan bahkan akhir-akhir ini mulai digunakan dalam mempergunakan kendaraan roda dua atau pengelolaan masalah lingkungan, konservasi empat. Sedangkan untuk menuju lokasi dan bidang kesehatan. Peta geokimia untuk pengambilan conto geokimia sedimen sungai keperluan ini biasanya masih bersifat regional aktif umumnya harus ditempuh dengan dalam sekala 1: 250.000. berjalan kaki dan kalau tidak dapat ditempuh Pemetaan/penyelidikan geokimia ini dalam 1 hari, maka perlu menginap di lokasi merupakan salah satu jenis pemetaan guna (flying camp). mendapatkan gambaran mengenai sebaran suatu unsur di permukaan bumi, yang meliputi Keadaan lingkungan di sebagian besar jenis unsur dan pola sebarannya. Dengan daerah penyelidikan adalah berupa daerah adanya kelainan dari gambaran sebaran unsur perkebunan, persawahan, penambang pasir atau anomali, diharapkan dapat ditafsirkan dan kerikil dikali serta batu marmer, dengan adanya keterkaitan antara sebaran unsur sungai-sungai besar yang kebanyakan tertentu dengan kondisi geologi atau dibendung untuk dijadikan irigasi, sedangkan pemineralan di suatu daerah. sungai-sungai kecilnya rata-rata tidak berair, serta deretan perbukitan gamping di bagian Daerah yang diselidiki termasuk ke dalam utara, merupakan daerah yang bertopografi wilayah Kabupaten Belu, Kabupaten Timor dan morfologi perbukitan kasar, karst, dataran Tengah Selatan (TTS) dan Kabupaten Timor tinggi, perbukitan bergelombang, fatu dan Tengah Utara (TTU), mencapai luas daerah ± dataran rendah. 3.912 km² yang terdiri dari kecamatan- kecamatan Biboki Selatan, Biboki Utara, Kabupaten TTU dan Kabupaten Belu pada Insana, Miomafo Timur, Malaka Tengah, umumnya beriklim tropis dikarenakan oleh Malaka Barat, Koba Lima, Malaka Timur, musim kering yang relatif panjang jika Kolokium Hasil Lapangan – DIM, 2005 16-1 dibanding dengan musim penghujan yang • Terdapatnya batuan campur-aduk singkat, dengan curah hujan rata-rata yang (melange) yang menutupi hampir 40% sedikit sekali/kecil tiap tahunnya. dari pulau ini. 2. GEOLOGI UMUM Pada kala itu terjadi perbenturan antara busur kepulauan “Paleo Timor” dengan Kerak 2.1. Stratigrafi Samudera Hindia sebagai akibat dari Pergerakan tektonik di P. Timor yang pergerakan Benua Australia ke utara (Audley- berlangsung sejak Kapur hingga akhir Eosen Charles, dkk.; Crostella dan Powel, 1976), akibat pergerakan Benua Australia ke utara dengan zona penunjaman condong ke utara (Audley – Charles, dkk., 1975; Crostella dan (Gambar 2). Powel, 1976) dengan zona penunjaman 2.3. Mineralisasi condong ke utara (Gambar 2). Akibat pergerakan tersebut terjadi benturan busur Petunjuk adanya pemineralan sebelumnya kepulauan “Paleo Timor” dengan kerak telah didapat dari beberapa penyelidik samudera sehingga membentuk batuan campur terdahulu yang pernah mengadakan aduk, berkomposisi basa dan ultrabasa, penyelidikan di Pulau Timor dan sekitarnya. pemalihan batuan Formasi Maubisse dan Jenis sumberdaya mineral yang dijumpai di Komplek Mutis serta kegiatan gunungapi di daerah ini menurut para para penulis terdahulu beberapa tempat. Sedangkan Kupang Mining ialah krom, nikel, tembaga, asbes, mangan, (1990) menginterpretasikan bahwa batuan gipsum dan material/bahan bangunan. Krom malihan dari Formasi Mutis dan batuan ultra dan nikel berupa mineral kromit dan garnierit basa tersebut merupakan formasi-formasi ditemukan pada bongkah-bongkah batuan batuan allochton yang berasal dari sekitar ultra basa yang tersebar tidak merata di kaki Pulau Kalimantan dan Sulawesi pada Pra pegunungan sekitar Atapupu. Tembaga Perm. (malakhit) didapatkan pula pada bongkah batuan ultrabasa di tempat yang sama, Pada kala Neogen (Crostella, dkk 1976; disamping itu didapatkan kalkopirit pada Katili, 1975; Audrey-Charles, dkk, 1975) batuan malihan amfibolit dari Fatu Lakaan. terjadi lagi kegiatan tektonik sebagai akibat Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, indikasi penunjaman (subdaksi) yang membentuk mineralisasi penyelidikan (TTU) adalah di struktur-struktur yang telah ada, proses lanjut Desa Bakitolas pada bongkah-bongkah urat pembentukan batuan campur aduk, kegiatan kuarsa pada batuan ultrabasa di Sungai gunungapi serta pengangkatan hingga Bakitolas besar, piritisasi pada batuan ketinggian lebih dari 3.000 m metamorfik dan kontak urat kuarsa dengan (Sopaheluwakan, 1990). Pengangkatan batuan ultrabasa yang termetakan di Sungai tersebut terjadi akibat pensesaran, imbrikasi Noil Maubessi di bagian selatan daerah dan duplikasi serta intrusi plutonik pada penyelidikan. Kabupaten Belu, indikasi orogenesa Neogen, sebagaimana diperlihatkan mineralisasi yang teramati di batuan ultrabasa oleh sedimen Miosen – Pliosen yang berupa magnetit dan antigorit yang diendapkan di atas komplek orogen, kemungkinan mengandung nikel, dan memperlihatkan lingkungan semakin dangkal sebagian termetakan menjadi asbes di Desa ke arah atas, dari batial hingga laut dangkal Jenilu di bagian utara daerah penyelidikan. (Simanjuntak, T.O., 2000). Indikasi emas plaser berdasarkan literatur di 2.2. Struktur Geologi Sungai Mota Moru yang teramati di lapangan berupa hanyutan urat-urat kuarsa pada batuan Secara tektonik, Pulau Timor dan ultrabasa, yang kemungkinan berasal dari beberapa pulau lainnya di bagian barat terletak bagian hulu sungai di Gunung Lakaan. Selain pada Busur Banda luar tak bergunungapi, conto batuan, di sungai ini juga dilakukan beranomali gaya berat negatif dan termasuk penyontoan sari dulang guna dilakukan dalam zona gempa dangkal (kedalaman pusat analisis kimia pada S. Mota Moru. gempa kurang dari 100 km). Struktur geologinya sangat rumit dan ini tercermin Berdasarkan Laporan Akhir Inventarisasi dari: dan Pemetaan Bahan Galian Gol. C, Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi Kabupaten Belu, • Terdapatnya aneka ragam batuan dari Th. 2002, tanah laterit di Fatuluka berbagai umur dan batuan-batuan mengandung unsur Ni berkisar 55 ppm hingga tersebut umumnya bersentuhan secara 947 ppm, juga urat kuarsa yang tersingkap di struktur. Fatuatis terdapat mineral malakhit, bornit, Kolokium Hasil Lapangan – DIM, 2005 16-2 dengan hasil analisis urat tersebut Cu=597 bagian timur daerah penyelidikan satuan ini ppm dan Ag=0,7 ppm. dijumpai di daerah Nualain Kec. Lamaknen. 3. HASIL PENYELIDIKAN Sedangkan dataran rendah terdapat di sekitar pantai utara di daerah Kecamatan 3.1 Geologi Daerah Penyelidikan Biboki Utara dan Biboki Selatan bagian utara 3.1.1 Morfologi di sekitar daerah Ponu dan pada bagian selatan daerah penyelidikan yang menempati daerah Pada umumnya daerah penyelidikan bagian hilir sampai muara S. Benain, Kec. merupakan daerah yang bertopografi dan Betun, secara umum batuannya terdiri dari morfologi perbukitan kasar, karst, dataran endapan aluvial. tinggi, perbukitan bergelombang, fatu dan dataran rendah Perbukitan kasar merupakan 3.1.2. Stratigrafi perbukitan dengan lereng-lereng terjal dan Batuan yang terdapat di daerah lembah-lembah yang sempit, satuan morfologi penyelidikan sangat beragam, terdiri dari ini dibentuk oleh satuan ultra basa daerah batuan volkanik, batuan beku, sedimen dan Atapupu, Desa Jenilu Kec. Tasifeto Barat, G. batuan malihan dari berbagai umur. (Gambar Lakaan, Kec Tasifeto Timur, juga morfologi 3) ini terdapat di wilayah Kecamatan Insana diantara Bakitolas dan Wini. Secara umum Untuk mempermudah dalam interpretasi satuan batuannya terdiri dari breksi yang geokimia dari atlas geokimia yang akan termasuk ke dalam Formasi Manamas. Satuan dibuat, maka berbagai jenis batuan yang karst, morfologi khas batugamping
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