The Perils of Classifying Political Orientation from Text
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The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
Unified Conspiracy Theory - Rationalwiki
Unified Conspiracy Theory - RationalWiki http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Unified_Conspiracy_Theory Unified Conspiracy Theory From RationalWiki The Unified Conspiracy Theory is a conspiracy theory, popular with Some dare call it some paranoids, that all of reality is controlled by a single evil entity that has it in for them. It can be a political entity, like "The Illuminati", or a Conspiracy metaphysical entity, like Satan, but this entity is responsible for the creation and management of everything bad. The Church of the SubGenius has adopted this notion as fundamental dogma. Michael Barkun coined the term "superconspiracy" to refer the idea that the world is controlled by an interlocking hierarchy of conspiracies. Secrets revealed! Similarly, Michael Kelly, a neoconservative journalist, coined the term America Under Siege "fusion paranoia" in 1995 to refer to the blending of conspiracy theories CW Leonis of the left with those of the right into a unified conspiratorial Doug Rokke [1] worldview. Guillotine List of conspiracy theories This was played with in the Umberto Eco novel Foucault's Pendulum , in Majestic 12 which the characters make up a conspiracy theory like this...except it Pravda.ru turns out to be true. Shakespeare authorship Society of Jesus Tupac Shakur Contents v - t - e (http://rationalwiki.org /w/index.php?title=Template:Conspiracynav& action=edit) 1 See also 1.1 (In)Famous proponents 2 External links 3 Footnotes See also List of Conspiracy Theories Maltheism Crank magnetism (In)Famous proponents David Icke Alex Jones Lyndon LaRouche Jeff Rense 1 of 2 7/19/2012 8:24 PM Unified Conspiracy Theory - RationalWiki http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Unified_Conspiracy_Theory External links Flowchart guide to the grand conspiracy (http://farm4.static.flickr.com /3048/2983450505_34b4504302_o.png) Conspiracy Kitchen Sink (http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/ConspiracyKitchenSink) , TV Tropes Footnotes 1. -
Reliability of Wikipedia 1 Reliability of Wikipedia
Reliability of Wikipedia 1 Reliability of Wikipedia The reliability of Wikipedia (primarily of the English language version), compared to other encyclopedias and more specialized sources, is assessed in many ways, including statistically, through comparative review, analysis of the historical patterns, and strengths and weaknesses inherent in the editing process unique to Wikipedia. [1] Because Wikipedia is open to anonymous and collaborative editing, assessments of its Vandalism of a Wikipedia article reliability usually include examinations of how quickly false or misleading information is removed. An early study conducted by IBM researchers in 2003—two years following Wikipedia's establishment—found that "vandalism is usually repaired extremely quickly — so quickly that most users will never see its effects"[2] and concluded that Wikipedia had "surprisingly effective self-healing capabilities".[3] A 2007 peer-reviewed study stated that "42% of damage is repaired almost immediately... Nonetheless, there are still hundreds of millions of damaged views."[4] Several studies have been done to assess the reliability of Wikipedia. A notable early study in the journal Nature suggested that in 2005, Wikipedia scientific articles came close to the level of accuracy in Encyclopædia Britannica and had a similar rate of "serious errors".[5] This study was disputed by Encyclopædia Britannica.[6] By 2010 reviewers in medical and scientific fields such as toxicology, cancer research and drug information reviewing Wikipedia against professional and peer-reviewed sources found that Wikipedia's depth and coverage were of a very high standard, often comparable in coverage to physician databases and considerably better than well known reputable national media outlets. -
Black Helicopters - Rationalwiki Black Helicopters
5/13/2017 Black helicopters - RationalWiki Black helicopters From RationalWiki Black helicopters are to the 1990s what snake oil was to the age of traveling salesmen pushing patent medicines, in that it is an example of a term that was seriously used by proponents but was so preposterous that the term took on a life of its own as a means of ridicule. A Black Helicopter spying Contents on RationalWiki 1 Origins Some dare call it 2 Helicopters, but not as we know them 3 Real black helicopters Conspiracy 4 Pop culture 5 See also 6 External links 7 References Origins What THEY don't want you to know! Allegedly, the United States government and/or the United A440 Nations were preparing fleets of Holy Lance unmarked black helicopters Phantom island Sexual Bolshevism which were to become the The Obama Deception means of military occupation of Walid Shoebat the United States in the name of Helicopters and tanks such as these were the New World Order. This was Sheeple wakers used by Pharaoh to terrorize the Ancient first seriously proposed by Egyptian population. Mark "from Michigan" Koernke Brian Gerrish Doug Rokke and Linda Thompson circa PESWiki 1993-1994 in their videos America Under Siege (Thompson) and America Salvador Borrego In Peril (Koernke). The book Black Helicopters Over America by Jim Keith WWCR followed shortly thereafter. Talk radio hosts picked up the term from there William Schnoebelen mostly to ridicule the idea and it took on a life of its own, largely as an v - t - e ironic joke through talk radio and the internet. -
Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online Alice Marwick and Rebecca Lewis CONTENTS
Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online Alice Marwick and Rebecca Lewis CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................... 1 What Techniques Do Media Manipulators Use? ....... 33 Understanding Media Manipulation ............................ 2 Participatory Culture ........................................... 33 Who is Manipulating the Media? ................................. 4 Networks ............................................................. 34 Internet Trolls ......................................................... 4 Memes ................................................................. 35 Gamergaters .......................................................... 7 Bots ...................................................................... 36 Hate Groups and Ideologues ............................... 9 Strategic Amplification and Framing ................. 38 The Alt-Right ................................................... 9 Why is the Media Vulnerable? .................................... 40 The Manosphere .......................................... 13 Lack of Trust in Media ......................................... 40 Conspiracy Theorists ........................................... 17 Decline of Local News ........................................ 41 Influencers............................................................ 20 The Attention Economy ...................................... 42 Hyper-Partisan News Outlets ............................. 21 What are the Outcomes? .......................................... -
Details of Module and Its Structure
Details of Module and its Structure Module Detail Subject Name Sociology Paper Name Development, Globalisation and Society Module Name/Title Religious Resurgence Pre-requisites Understanding implications of globalisation on religion Objectives The module aims to understand the impact of globalisation on religion; initially religion losing its significance and then resurging with new dimensions. Keywords globalisation, secularisation and religious resurgence Structure of Module / Syllabus of a module (Define Topic / Sub-topic of module) Globalisation and its Impacts – Religious Resurgence Role Name Affiliation Principal Investigator Prof Sujata Patel Department of Sociology, University of Hyderabad Paper Coordinator Prof Sherry Sabbarwal Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh Content Writer/Author (CW) Veenat Department of Sociology, Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh Content Reviewer (CR) Prof Sherry Sabbarwal Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh Language Editor (LE) Prof Sherry Sabbarwal Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 1 Course: Development, Globalisation and Society Unit: Globalisation and its Impacts Module Title: Religious Resurgence Introduction In the present times, religious terrorism, love jihad, religious conversions and re-conversions (ghar wapsi), fundamentalists’ agendas, etc. are the buzzwords. Interestingly, this is happening in midst of the phase that is supposedly the most advanced stage of civilisation where human beings are acquainted with best of scientific innovations and information technology and the whole world has shrunk, to what McLuhan calls a ‘global village’. When the process of globalisation gained momentum in the twentieth century, affecting almost all facets of human life like economy, politics, intellect and culture, surpassing all constraints of time and space, it also had a significant impact on religion. -
POLITICAL INTERACTION in WIKIPEDIA Jointly They Edit
JOINTLY THEY EDIT: POLITICAL INTERACTION IN WIKIPEDIA 1 Jointly They Edit: Examining the Impact of Community Identification on Political Interaction in Wikipedia Jessica G. Neff1, David Laniado2, Karolin Eva Kappler2, Yana Volkovich2, Pablo Aragón2 & Andreas Kaltenbrunner2 University of Southern California1 Barcelona Media Foundation2 Abstract In their 2005 study, Adamic and Glance coined the memorable phrase ‘divided they blog’, referring to a trend of cyberbalkanization in the political blogosphere, with liberal and conservative blogs tending to link to other blogs with a similar political slant, and not to one another. As political discussion and activity increasingly moves online, the power of framing political discourses is shifting from mass media to social media. Continued examination of political interactions online is critical, and we extend this line of research by examining the activities of political users within the Wikipedia community. First, we examined how users in Wikipedia choose to display (or not to display) their political affiliation. Next, we more closely examined the patterns of cross-party interaction and community participation among those users proclaiming a political affiliation. In contrast to previous analyses of other social media, we did not find strong trends indicating a preference to interact with members of the same political party within the Wikipedia community. Our results indicate that users who proclaim their political affiliation within the community tend to proclaim their identity as a ‘Wikipedian’ even more loudly. It seems that the shared identity of ‘being Wikipedian’ may be strong enough to triumph over other potentially divisive facets of personal identity, such as political affiliation. JOINTLY THEY EDIT: POLITICAL INTERACTION IN WIKIPEDIA 2 Introduction Online media have become an increasingly important source of political information in recent years. -
Nerd/Geek Masculinity: Technocracy, Rationality
NERD/GEEK MASCULINITY: TECHNOCRACY, RATIONALITY, AND GENDER IN NERD CULTURE’S COUNTERMASCULINE HEGEMONY A Dissertation by ELEANOR AMARANTH LOCKHART Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Kristan Poirot Committee Members, Tasha Dubriwny Jennifer Mercieca Claire Katz Head of Department, J. Kevin Barge August 2015 Major Subject: Communication Copyright 2015 Eleanor Amaranth Lockhart ABSTRACT Nerd and geek culture have become subjects of increasing public concern in recent years, with growing visibility and power for technical professions and increasing relevance of video games, science fiction, and fantasy in popular culture. As a subculture, nerd/geek culture tends to be described in terms of the experiences of men and boys who are unpopular because of their niche interests or lack of social skills. This dissertation proposes the concept of nerd/geek masculinity to understand discourses of hegemonic masculinity in nerd/geek culture. Examining three case studies, the novel Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card, the neoreactionary political ideology, and the #GamerGate controversy, the dissertation suggests that nerd/geek masculinity responds to a perceived emasculation of men who identify as nerds or geeks by constructing the interests, skills, and behaviors of nerd/geek culture as inherently male traits. In this way, nerd/geek masculinity turns the very traits nerds and geeks are often mocked for into evidence of manhood – as the cost of excluding women and queer people from nerd and geek culture. ii DEDICATION To my friends and family who have supported me through this process of scholarship and survival, especially Aeva Palecek and Emily O’Leary… you are my dearest friends. -
Abortion Is Communism: a Genealogy of "Abortion Culture" Heather Nicole Bradford Minnesota State University - Mankato
Minnesota State University, Mankato Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato All Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects Projects 2015 Abortion is Communism: A Genealogy of "Abortion Culture" Heather Nicole Bradford Minnesota State University - Mankato Follow this and additional works at: http://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds Part of the Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Regional Sociology Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Bradford, Heather Nicole, "Abortion is Communism: A Genealogy of "Abortion Culture"" (2015). All Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects. Paper 412. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects at Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. 1 Abortion is Communism: A Genealogy of “Abortion Culture” Heather Bradford 04/07/2015 2 Abortion is Communism: A Genealogy of “Abortion Culture” An Thesis Submitted to the Department of Sociology and Corrections in partial fulfillment of the Master’s Degree Minnesota State University-Mankato by Heather Bradford April 7 th 2015 3 Abortion is Communism: A Genealogy of “Abortion Culture” by Heather Bradford Approved for submittal to the Department of Sociology and Corrections for consideration of granting graduation: Research Sponsor ______________________ Date ________________________ William Wagner Second Reader ______________________ Date ________________________ Paul Prew Third Reader ______________________ Date ________________________ James Dimock 4 Table of contents I. -
How to Navigate an Information Media Environment Awash in Manipulation, Falsehood, Hysteria, Vitriol, Hyper-Partisan Deceit and Pernicious Algorithms
How to Navigate an Information Media Environment Awash in Manipulation, Falsehood, Hysteria, Vitriol, Hyper-Partisan Deceit and Pernicious Algorithms A Guide for the Conscientious Citizen A Reflection Paper prepared for the Canadian Commission for UNESCO and the Canadian Committee for World Press Freedom By Christopher Dornan Ottawa, Canada, August 2019 To quote this article: DORNAN, Christopher. ‘‘How to Navigate an Information Media Environment Awash in Manipulation, Falsehood, Hysteria, Vitriol, Hyper-Partisan Deceit and Pernicious Algorithms’’, the Canadian Commission for UNESCO’s IdeaLab, July 2019. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO. About the author Christopher Dornan teaches at Carleton University, where he served for nine years as director of the School of Journalism and Communication and six years as director of the Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs. His academic work has appeared in venues from the Media Studies Journal to the Canadian Medical Association Journal. He is the co-editor (with Jon Pammett) of The Canadian Federal Election of 2015, along with five previous volumes in this series. In 2017, he wrote the Canadian Commission for UNESCO reflection paper “Dezinformatsiya: The Past, Present and Future of ‘Fake News’.” He is chair of the board of Reader’s Digest Magazines Canada, Inc. ii Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ -
Experimental Evidence on Partisan Bias in Grading
Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Faculty and Staff Publications By Year Faculty and Staff Publications 2014 Fair and Balanced? Experimental Evidence on Partisan Bias in Grading Paul Musgrave Dickinson College Mark Rom Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Musgrave, Paul and Rom, Mark, "Fair and Balanced? Experimental Evidence on Partisan Bias in Grading" (2014). Dickinson College Faculty Publications. Paper 78. https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications/78 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fair and Balanced? Experimental Evidence On Partisan Bias In Grading Abstract: Is grading polarized in political science classrooms? We offer experimental evidence that suggests it is not. Many have argued that instructors’ grading in political science classrooms is skewed by the political characteristics of the instructor, the student, or an interaction between the two. Yet the evaluations of whether such biases exist has been asserted and denied with little evidence—even though prominent theories in political science suggest that the charge is not entirely implausible. Using a set of anonymous essays by undergraduates graded by teaching assistants at a variety of institutions, we test for the presence of bias in a framework that avoids the usual selection bias issues that confound attempts at inference. After evaluating the evidence carefully, we find that the evidence for bias is much weaker than activists claim. Keywords: polarization, bias, undergraduate education, pedagogy 1 Acknowledgements The authors thank participants at the 2012 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference, the 2012 Midwest Political Science Association annual meeting, Hans Noel, Jonathan Ladd, Patrick Carr, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. -
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Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, Volume 11 (2016) As an open-access journal, Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet can be permanently accessed free of charge from the website of HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING (http://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de). ISSN 1861-5813 This work is published under the Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0). Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr. Gregor Ahn, Institute for Religious Studies, University of Heidelberg, Germany Editorial Team: Simone Heidbrink, M.A., Institute for Religious Studies, University of Heidelberg, Germany Tobias Knoll, M.A., Institute for Religious Studies, University of Heidelberg, Germany Members of the Editorial Board: Dr. Frank G. Bosman, Tilburg School of Catholic Theology, Netherlands Prof. Dr. Oliver Krüger, Chair for the Study of Religion Department of Social Studies, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Dr. Gernot Meier, Studienleiter Ev. Akademie Baden, Karlsruhe, Germany Contributors to this Issue: Mona Abdel-Fadil Susanne van der Beek Camden Behrens Frank G. Bosman Claudia Carvalho Gabriel Faimau Polykarpos Karamoyzhs Michalis Keffalas Setareh Malekpour Emad Mohamed Tom van Nuenen Stefan Piasecki Moisés Sbardelotto Sasha A.Q. Scott © 2016 Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet Volume 11 (2016) http://online.uni-hd.de Table of Contents 01 Conflict and Affect Among Conservative Christians on Facebook Mona Abdel-Fadil 28 The Word Has Become Game – Researching Religion in Digital Games Frank G. Bosman 46 The Importance of Web 2.0 for