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ASEAN University Network Case.1 1 Higher Education Integration in ASEAN Higher Education Integration in ASEAN: ASEAN University Network Case.1 Teuku Rezasyah Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Neneng Konety Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Affabile Rifawan Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Wahyu Wardhana Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Abstract Higher education has an important role in the region’s economic growth, with talents and ideas developing in the process. ASEAN University Network (AUN) is the institution that facilitates cooperation among ASEAN universities and beyond. This research attempts to describe the role of AUN in enhancing regional integration in the higher education sector in ASEAN. This research uses qualitative method to get depth information and the bigger picture in the governance of AUN’s role and mechanism in regional integration of higher education system. The results of this research showed that AUN helped enhancing regional cooperation. Key words: AUN, regional integration, higher education, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). .1 This article was originally presented in The Fifth International Conference on Business, International Relations, and Diplomacy (ICOBIRD 2016) at Bina Nusantara University. Journal of ASEAN Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2017), pp. 51-59 DOI: 10.21512/jas.v5i1.962 ©2017 by CBDS Bina Nusantara University and Indonesian Association for International Relations ISSN 2338-1361 print / ISSN 2338-1353 electronic 52 Higher Education Integration in ASEAN Introduction competitiveness and capability of human resources. Education is one of the sectors that have a crucial role in regional integration. The cooperation in the education It is a backbone for development and sector in Southeast Asian level particularly regional integration, as it has been proved, higher education has been established in Western Africa, which helped to further since 1956. Mustajarvi and Bouchon (2014) regional integration (Guannu, 2010). This explained it narratively with the first research argued that such experience is establishment of the Association of also relevant in ASEAN. Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL) in 1956, followed with ASEAN integration process has the Southeast Asia Ministers of Education shown its greater importance following the Organization (SEAMEO) in 1965 establishment of ASEAN Economic (Mustajarvi & Bouchon, 2014). Thirty years Community (AEC) in late December 2015. later, the ASEAN University Network The integration process consists four (AUN) was established in 1995. Mustajarvi pillars of economic integration; single and Bouchon also described the market and production base, competitive comparison later compared the higher economic region, equitable economic education integration in Europe and development, and integration of the global ASEAN. The pattern of higher education economy (ASEAN Secretariat, 2015). This integration in ASEAN more likely suitable integration has proceeded with a new with neo-functionalist approach and phase after ASEAN Charter in 2008. With accompanied with legal formal and the new phase of integration in the political initiatives. economic sector, hopefully, it will begin to advance in integration and boost Research Question and Methodology development in a region. The fact is ASEAN has not yet In ASEAN today, only eight fulfilled the complete integration among occupations received mutual recognition stakeholders of higher education. agreements among ASEAN countries Although the stakeholders such as policy (Fukunaga, 2015). Therefore, there is a makers and institutions have established demand to produce more capable skilled the regional organization, in the process, labor to increase or maintain its education has not involved all universities in sector quality and contribute to regional ASEAN, or at least the state universities. integration with an equal and fair standard. The purpose of this research is to highlight the regional integration of The regional integration process in ASEAN in higher education sector. It uses EU countries could be a set of an example the theory of regional interdependence for of regional integration in the education regional integration. This theory is sector for ASEAN. In Europe, the Bologna originated from interdependence theory Process helped to support the which developed as a critique of realist modernization of education and training theory in the 1970s and emphasized non- and helped to better integrate the countries state actor in international relations inside EU (Papatsiba, 2006). It shapes (Wilkinson, 2010). The term of regional European values and knowledge that form interdependence is more familiar with European identity also increase economic development in a region. The Journal of ASEAN Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2017), pp. 51-59 DOI: 10.21512/jas.v5i1.4155 ©2017 by CBDS Bina Nusantara University and Indonesian Association for International Relations ISSN 2338-1361 print / ISSN 2338-1353 electronic Journal of ASEAN Studies 53 non-state actor has bigger role in regional higher education governance in integration and economic prosperity. Philippines has put the main policy maker in one institution that is the Commission The questions that arise in this on Higher Education (CHED) which was article are: established in 1994. It is an autonomous 1. How is the quality of the higher institution that has authority on higher education sector in ASEAN education policy in Philippines. The countries? unique thing about the higher education system in the Philippines is that the quality 2. How can AUN contribute in assurance or accreditation based on an regional integration in the higher internal request and then to be accredited education sector? by the external auditor and the higher education institution pays the accredited The method of this research uses agents. The regional cooperation of the descriptive analytical method, and get data higher education institution in Philippines incorporate primary data coming from is very extensive but mostly only located in ASEAN Secretariat, and secondary sources five best universities in Philippines. coming from academic journals dealing with the development of AUN. Indonesia This research is divided into two Indonesia has 3,000s higher parts. The first part is to describe the education institution until 2013, and the overview of higher education in ASEAN majority is college type campus countries. Each of ASEAN countries will be (Moeliodihardjo, 2014). Recently, in 2014, described in this part. The second part is to the new administration has established a discuss regional integration process of new ministry dealing only with research higher education sector in ASEAN and advance education, with its own particularly AUN and analyze how AUN budget. Before that, the higher education contribute for regional integration of the was put merely under the directorate higher education sector. general level, under the Ministry of Education and Culture. Today, the higher The Overview Condition of Higher education in Indonesia has begun to show Education in ASEAN Countries greater trends to conduct extensive Nowadays, with the introduction international networks. In terms of regional cooperation, every university has of AEC in 2015, ASEAN tried strongly to its own policy with so many association narrow the gap among ASEAN countries, proved with the growth of the higher and organization but in this part, only education system in ASEAN. Here is the AUN that been described. brief overview of higher education in Malaysia ASEAN Countries. With 600 higher education Philippines institutions in 2011, Malaysia has proved itself to become an advanced institution of There are 2,060 higher education higher education sector in Southeast Asia institutions until 2008 in Philippines (ICHEFAP, 2011). Most of them are (Arokiasamy, 2011). Public institutions in this country received massive support satellite campus. The political structure of from the government, and later developed 54 Higher Education Integration in ASEAN themselves to becoming international of Thailand higher education system and reputed universities. Earlier on, Malaysia paid attention to the use of English as the operated a system called National Higher medium of communication. Education Strategic Plan (NHESP). In 2014, NHESP was in phase 2, with the merging Brunei Darussalam of two ministries, focusing on Brunei currently has 18 higher internationalization, to become a hub for learning institutions (Ministry of international higher education. The Education of Brunei Darussalam, 2015). existing activities in internationalization The public institutions are predominantly among others are international mobility in Brunei and administered by the Ministry program, international service learning, of education of Brunei, aiming to educate and international cooperation in education its citizens. Most of Brunei citizen are and training, and boosting and trust to studying in tertiary education abroad and Malaysia partners (Knight, 2013). prefer to choose advance education in Singapore advance APEC. In internationalizing its higher learning institutions, Brunei With only six universities, provided scholarships for foreigner to Singapore has the best higher education study in Brunei’s universities. institution in ASEAN (Ministry of Education of Singapore, 2015). Two of Vietnam them are Nanyang Technological Vietnam is developing countries University and National University of with rapid growth in the economy and Singapore is the major reputed global needs
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