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East Molokai Watershed Partnership 2

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Submitted by the Department of Water Supply Water Resources & Planning Division April 15, 2014 The mission of the Maui County Department of Water Supply is to provide clean water efficiently to its customers on Maui and Molokai. This involves the protection, preservation and conservation of DWS water sources. Maintaining the supply of efficient quantities is a challenge based on numerous threats to water supply including population increase, climatic conditions such as declining rainfall and the loss of habitats and upland forests linked to water recharge, fog water supply and source availability. Increased populations (i.e. residential, non-residential, visitor) will have an impact on resources such as land, water and the natural environment resulting in a negative impact upon our quality of life. In addition to the trend of increased population, one of the greatest threats to Maui's native forest is the destruction caused by non-native, invasive animals and plants. In order to reduce if not totally eradicate the threats to our water sources, DWS continues to provide financial support to Watershed Partnerships and organizations that promote the conservation, preservation and protection of our watersheds. To date, we have provided $9.984M funding to the partnerships. These partnerships and organizations have diverse membership with representatives from public and private sectors. DWS supports the following since mid-1990: 1. East Molokai Watershed partnership 2. East Maui Watershed Partnership thru the Nature Conservancy 3. East Maui Watershed Partnership thru Tri-Isle RC&D 4. Leeward Haleakala Restoration Watershed Partnership 5. West Maui Mountains Watershed Partnership 6 Maui Invasive Species Committee 7. Maui Nui Botanical Gardens 8. Hawaii Agricultural Research Center – provided grant in FY 2012 to help develop wilt resistant acacia Koa for reforestation 9. Pu’u Kukui Preserve - provided grant in FY 2014 Funding the watersheds has resulted in innovative research and development of technology and best management practices that address greater cost efficiency of watershed management and protection of our water supply. Best management practices include the ability to conduct thermal surveys to monitor feral animal control; detailed high resolution aerial GIS resource mapping to illustrate the effectiveness of invasive plant and ungulate control and re- vegetation/reforestation efforts; resource monitoring to analyze trends with regard to cost efficiency of various management methods; and the development or pest pollution prevention protocols, to name a few examples. This report includes an update on the progress of the source protection efforts of the watershed partnerships. 2 DWS WATERSHED PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM - ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2013 EAST MOLOKAI WATERSHED PARTNERSHIP (EMOWP) Eastast Moloka'i Watershed PARTNERSHIP I. BACKGROUND The FY2014 EMoWP (East Molokai Watershed Partnership) South Slope Management & East Slope Expansion proposes conservation actions on East Moloka‘i’s south slope (SS) from the Kawela to Kapualei landscape (13,500 acres) and the east slope (ES) Pakui to Papalaua management units (9,000 acres). The proposal will help fulfill the goals of the, EMoWP 2015 South Slope Management Plan (August 7, 2008) and the East Slope Watershed Management Plan. (Map 1) The combined landscapes encompass about 22,500 acres with forest ecosystems ranging from native montane wet forest at the summit (4,000’ elevation and above) to montane mesic forest and shrublands (2,500’-4,000’ elevation) below to dry altered lands (500’-2,500’ elevation). Associated with the landscape is Moloka‘i’s south shore fringing reef (includes the east slope reefs), the longest continuous fringing reef in the United States. The EMoWP SS landscape areas are a part of the East Moloka‘i Watershed Partnership (EMoWP). The EMoWP SS lands consist of Kalaupapa National Historical Park, State Pu‘u Ali‘i and Olokui Natural Area Reserves, Kamehameha School--Kamalō, Kapualei Ranch--James Austin, Kawela Plantation and The Nature Conservancy’s Kamakou and Pelekunu Preserves (Map 2). The EMoWP ES consist of 15 Landowners, of which two (State, Kamehameha Schools) are already part of the EMoWP. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is the coordinator of the EMoWP SS. TNC’s Kamakou Preserve is part of State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) Natural Area Partnership Program (NAPP), an innovative program that helps private landowners in the management of native ecosystems. NAPP provides 2:1 matching funds incentive. NAPP funding provides for TNC’s core staff on Moloka‘i and enables TNC to coordinate and lead the conservation action of the EMoWP SS. The EMoWP ES landscapes (Map 3) are currently being proposed as addition to the EMoWP in late 2013. There are currently 15 ES landowners that encompass 9,000 acres from the Pakui, Mapulehu, Keopukaloa and Papalaua units who are ready to sign the EMoWP MOU. Currently 3 DWS WATERSHED PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM - ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2013 community meetings are being conducted as part of the process to finalize the East Slope Watershed Management Plan. II. GOALS/OBJECTIVES of the DWS GRANT A. GOAL: To protect native forests watersheds from feral animals, invasive weeds and fire. Objectives: a. Keep the montane wet forests free of feral ungulates and invasive weeds. b. Control feral ungulates and invasive weeds in the montane mesic forest. c. Control feral ungulates in the middle eroded areas to promote natural revegetation. d. Reduce sedimentation on the adjacent coastline and associated fringing reefs. e. Implement monitoring to detect changes in management programs. f. Reduce the threat of fire. g. Assist with the detection and response to the introduction of new invasive species. h. Gain community support for conservation programs. III. BENEFITS TO MAUI COUNTIV. a. Protecting “intact” native montane forest systems with the potential recovery of listed endangered plant and animal species; b. Reducing erosion on denuded middle elevation gulch systems; c. Improving watershed capacity by increasing infiltration of rain water into aquifers; d. Reducing non-point source pollution (sedimentation) onto the fringing reef tract; e. Leveraging funds and conservation actions; f. Conservation awareness/engagement to the local community; g. Documentation of conservation successes. IV. TASKS COMPLETED FOR FY13 A. Animal Control - Highlights for FY13 include: the South Slope ACETA mission; completion of the Kapualei fence by contractor Pono Pacific; and further application using FLIR. The Kamakou Fence is currently on hold and is anticipated to be completed in early FY14. B. Weed Control - Over 16,000 individual and over 800 square meters of priority weed species were removed in FY13. The paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Toog (Bischofia Javanica) populations in Kamakou Preserve may be eradicated, but subject to survey. The Puu Kolekole/Kawela New Zealand flax populations may be eradicated in FY14. C. MoMISC—For FY13, a total of 23 priority invasive species Forward Looking Infra-Red Technology (FLIR) (18 weed, 2 amphibious and 3 invertebrates) were either surveyed, prevented, detected, controlled or removed, covering over 1,200 acres on Molokai. In the 4th quarter, two key reports from community members help detect two invasive weed species. A hunter reported a strange fern in the Molokai Forest Reserve that turned out to be 4 DWS WATERSHED PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM - ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2013 the Mulesfoot fern. Over 56 acres were surveyed and 69 individual ferns were removed. The second detection was by ranch staff and turned out to be Fireweed. Besides removing over 100 fireweed individuals, the ranch staff also helped determine the possible introduction source – hay bales from Maui. D. Monitoring—MoPEP conducted key monitoring and propagule collections in the 4th quarter. USGS Kawela Ridge to Reef reports (Jacobi & Stock), that since 2008, the study shows that vegetation has increased from less than 1% cover to over 55% cover, and thus erosion rates have decreased 10 fold, from 0.4 inches per year to less than 0.04 inches per year! The update cites the how closely the vegetation and erosion improvements coincides with the ongoing reduction of feral goats. Summary of Erosion Study Results (Jonathan Stock, USGS Menlo Park, CA) Recent efforts led by TNC and others, have reduced the feral ungulate population in this area dramatically. In the last year, large portions of this landscape have re-vegetated. In representative sites, vegetation cover in this area has gone from 4% to 70%. Bare soils are now covered with vegetation, litter, and thin deposits. At an experimental site where USGS has documented ~10 mm/a (0.4 inches/year) of soil erosion for the past 5 years (K1 in plot below), we have measured a ten-fold reduction in erosion rates as a consequence of re-vegetation this year. Our models predict that this change in land management should reduce the total sediment load to the reef during the next year, from ~ 6 tons/year of past decades, to 2 tons/year, or less. As part of this research, in past years the Pacific Islands Water Science Center was funded to operate a suspended sediment monitoring site at Kawela to provide the best of the annual load of fine sediment polluting the reef. There is no other technology to do this at a watershed-scale. This effort was discontinued in FY12. Restoring this effort would allow the community to measure the effects of its land management activity on the whole basin. These effects will occur over the next year because our instruments indicate that the hill slope sites that supply the watershed with fine silts and muds are shutting down as they vegetate, and there is no measurable storage in the watershed itself. The community has an opportunity to measure, very directly, the effects of managing ungulates on reducing the amount of sediment polluting the reef. This data could provide a compelling lesson showing that land 5 DWS WATERSHED PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM - ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2013 management can have positive effects on the land and seas of Hawaii over short human timescales.
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