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Mitchell Stephens the Case for Wisdom Journalism–And for Journalists Surrendering the Pursuit of News

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Mitchell Stephens the Case for Wisdom Journalism–And for Journalists Surrendering the Pursuit of News Mitchell Stephens The case for wisdom journalism–and for journalists surrendering the pursuit ofnews Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/daed/article-pdf/139/2/76/1829808/daed.2010.139.2.76.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 When journalists and those who value to cataloging the many egregious blind them compose their apocalyptic screeds, spots of newspapers and newscasts– when they repair to conferences to rend with their sometimes narrow-minded their clothes, wail their wails, and curse “gatekeepers.” The Web’s weak points, the Fates, they are wont to declare news at ½rst glance, appear to be in coverage itself to be in crisis.1 In this, however, of news that grew up together with they are wrong. News, for the most part, newspaper beat systems: varieties of is in ½ne shape. local news in particular. The recent arrival of the most power- However, the growing numbers of ful information technology in human us fortunate enough to have an Internet history has been, on balance, a great connection now have access to a remark- blessing for news. The Web remains ably generous supply of news. The gates very young, but already it gathers ac- have flung open. And the flow of news counts of an extraordinarily wide va- on the Web seems, if anything, likely to riety of events from an extraordinarily continue to broaden, deepen, and accel- wide variety of sources. It disseminates erate. Entrepreneurs and nonpro½ts are these accounts in a wide variety of for- even beginning to address some of those mats, fast and far. Never before have blind spots. The future of news, in other we seen a news medium like it. words, appears reasonably secure. This does not mean news on the Web It is the future of journalism that is is always edifying, constructive, or re- looking grim. Journalists have made liable. News in print or on tv, after their living for approximately the last all, has often enough failed to display century-and-a-half either by selling those qualities. And the Web’s mani- news or by selling ads next to news. fold strengths as a news medium do However, the flood of information on not mean all news will be equally well current events that is sloshing around served by it. We have to be alert, as we the Internet right now can be had, most- must be with any medium, for blind ly, for free, and the supply of news-rich spots. Once, it should be remembered, pages on the Internet is now so large journalism reviews devoted themselves that it is hard to charge much for ads on those pages. Understandably, this © 2010 by the American Academy of Arts new reality has strained pro½t margins & Sciences and flummoxed business models. There 76 Dædalus Spring 2010 is not much of a living in hawking that standings of a ½eld, as reasonable The case which is given away free. as they may sound, sometimes must for wisdom journalism The end of the era when it was possi- change. Consider–to jump ½elds and ble to make a good business out of the centuries for a moment–the case of gathering and dissemination of news is Ernest Meissonier.3 causing large numbers of talented, hard- Meissonier, who died in 1891, was working journalists to lose their jobs. long the most respected painter in Par- This is a tragedy. This is the crisis. It is is and, therefore, the world. His pains- a crisis not for news but for journalism. takingly accurate re-creations of great But, without making light of this hu- events dominated the most important man tragedy and this professional crisis, expositions and commanded the high- an opportunity can be discerned here– est prices. But in the late nineteenth for journalism. The Web allows our best and early twentieth centuries this no- Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/daed/article-pdf/139/2/76/1829808/daed.2010.139.2.76.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 journalists to surrender the prosaic task tion that quality in art was dependent of telling everyone what just happened. upon precision and verisimilitude fad- It allows them to leave some coverage of ed. Meissonier’s reputation tumbled speeches and press conferences to the after his death to the point where one cable networks and YouTube; to leave major two-volume history of French some interviews with investigators and art in the nineteenth century did not survivors to diligent wire-service report- mention his name. The Louvre even- ers; to fob off some surveillance of vari- tually exiled a marble statue of Meis- ous backwaters on the gadflies and ob- sonier from its halls. sessives who replenish their blogs every This change in understandings of couple of hours. The Web allows our what painting should be can be attrib- best journalists–it requires them, I will uted in part to a new technology: pho- argue–to return to an older and higher tography. It made producing painstak- view of their calling: not as reporters of ingly accurate re-creations of just about what’s going on but as individuals capa- anything easy and, thus, cheap. Have ble of providing a wise take on what’s technologies today, particularly tech- going on. nologies introduced in the past couple of decades, done the same with the Most Americans today think of jour- painstaking gathering of information nalists as most journalists think of them- on current events? Have they outdated selves: as reporters of news. An under- the view of quality in journalism cham- standing like this can become deeply en- pioned by Bill Keller and most other tra- trenched over the course of a century- ditional journalists: this veneration of and-a-half. Indeed, it would be dif½cult witnessing, digging, ½nding sources, to ½nd many American journalists today and checking? Keller moans that “there who would disagree with the de½nition is a diminishing supply” of his version of quality in their ½eld supplied (in an of “quality journalism.” Given the abil- online discussion with readers) by Bill ity the Web grants us all to witness, dig, Keller, executive editor of The New York ½nd sources, and check–to search–is Times: “By quality journalism I mean the it possible the supply of this kind of jour- kind that involves experienced reporters nalism should diminish? going places, bearing witness, digging Journalists will, of course, still have to into records, developing sources, check- go places, interview, uncover, and check ing and double-checking.”2 But under- facts. But doing that will no longer be Dædalus Spring 2010 77 Mitchell enough. Exclusives and investigations hood that our ancestors’ genes might Stephens will still have value. But my argument is make it to the next generation. The news on the future that, for the most part, journalists must for which we most thirst has usually been ofnews learn to conceive of quality in journal- news of what is going on near us. But lo- ism as wisdom–expertise, judgment, in- cal news still was monopolized in the sight–in interpreting the news. This ½rst years of the United States by the may sound like a new idea. It is actually oldest news medium: word of mouth. an old one. It was exchanged in taverns and coffee houses, on front porches and on the Bill Keller insists that his version of streets of towns like Boston, New York, “quality journalism” provides “the in- and Philadelphia–for free. No printer formation you need to be an engaged and no weekly could scoop neighbor- citizen.” The founders of this country hood busybodies on an intriguing local Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/daed/article-pdf/139/2/76/1829808/daed.2010.139.2.76.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 certainly did agree that the citizenry political development or crime. requires a free press. Writing in the Opinions–in newspapers and pam- National Gazette a couple of years after phlets–rallied the American colonies he helped draft the First Amendment, against the British. Opinions then James Madison stated how important helped shape the new democracy. It “a circulation of newspapers through is hard to imagine anyone at the time the entire body of the people” is “to lib- having anything glorious to say about erty.”4 However, Keller’s understanding the mere dissemination of news. of the function of newspapers would have been unintelligible to the found- The word news, in its current usage, ers. For not only were there no report- is very old. However, in Madison’s ers witnessing or digging in America day, journalism referred only to the keep- in 1791, there were no reporters. ing of a private journal. Its meaning Newspapers then were the products morphed somewhat earlier in French, of individual printers, who culled out- but, according to the Oxford English Dic- of-town papers for interesting or impor- tionary, journalism was ½rst applied in tant items; reprinted letters, speeches, English to work on newspapers in 1833.6 and transcripts; and then added disqui- It was de½ned that year in the Westmin- sitions of their own or of their acquain- ster Review as “the intercommunication tances. They rarely undertook excur- of opinion and intelligence.”7 Intelligence sions beyond their print shops. Why is an interesting term for news here, but did Madison consider “a circulation a term for news nonetheless. So, by 1833, of newspapers” so crucial? Because, newspapers were beginning to be seen he wrote, it “facilitates a general inter- in part as organs for the dissemination course of sentiments”–not news of of news.
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