EOPC Jl 07 Volume 44 Number 7 July 2017 AEROSPACE

July 2017

OUTLINING AN ATM SYSTEM FOR UAVS GOING DUTCH ROLLS-ROYCE GEARS UP FOR ULTRAFAN

www.aerosociety.com Royal Aeronautical Society

UNDERSTANDING AIR POWER AIR POWER ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT CALLS FOR FRESH THINKING Images courtesy of www.defencephotography.com

34,038 VISITORS FROM ACCESS THE REGISTER TO 108 COUNTRIES GLOBAL MARKET ATTEND TODAY (6% INCREASE IN 2015) 76% AT THE WORLD OF ATTENDEES DECISION MAKERS OR AIR LEADING DEFENCE SPECIFIERS (DSEI 2015) & SECURITY EVENT LAND 1,683 N AVA L EXHIBITORS To enquire and reserve your exhibition space contact: REPRESENTING THE T: +44 (0)20 7384 7770 E: [email protected] SECURITY WHOLE SUPPLY CHAIN Register to attend: WWW.DSEI.CO.UK/RAES JOINT 42 INTERNATIONAL Supported by Platinum Sponsors Organised by PAVILIONS Volume 44 Number 7 July 2017 Pioneering the future Plane Speaking New materials, powered An interview with Air gearboxes and virtual 14 Power Association 26 reality – Rolls-Royce President AM Greg develops aero engines Bagwell, RAF (Rtd). for the 2020s and beyond. Contents Rolls-Royce

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 62 The Last Word Qatar solo 10 Antenna Keith Hayward predicts that Howard Wheeldon on a new for UK’s airlines, the Brexit ‘black hole’ in UK defence battle is just beginning. ‘Life moves pretty fast’ as Ferris Bueller once noted. Today, it seems that political spending. events are in overdrive – whether it is elections, FBI Director hearings or the upending and re-ordering of traditional allies and relationships from the Baltic to Bahrain. Once set in motion, there now seems to be a cascading effect of interrelated geopolitical consequences, each more potentially serious than the Features next. The deepening and escalating diplomatic rift between Saudi Arabia and Gulf states with Qatar may have had deeper and longer roots but it can be no coincidence that this has erupted now as the world shifts into a multipolar world with no fi xed interests – while the US arguably gives up its leadership role. For the aerospace sector, there are two main issues from this Middle East crisis. The fi rst is the effect on this air and land blockade on Qatar Airways and associated 34 airlines – which are already under pressure from competition, US travel 18 restrictions and the passenger laptop ban. Qatar Airways so far has been able to Cross sky traffi c smoothly reroute its fl ights around airspace it now faces itself banned from but Going Dutch with CAE The latest progress on a new this must be adding to its fuel bill. How long this might continue is a moot point. How the Royal Netherlands type of air traffi c control - for Air Force has big plans for UAVs. Secondly – the increase in regional tension and Qatar’s isolation has implications synthetic environments. for military aviation. Al-Udeid air base, for example, is not only a giant hub for US and coalition tanker, transport, ISR and fi ghter aircraft engaged in training 38 A400M competition 22 UK Spaceports A400M photo contest takes and combat operations in the Middle East – it is also the home of CENTCOM Does the UK have what it off. CAOC – the beating nerve centre of US and allied air operations over Syria, Iraq, takes to deliver commercial Afghanistan and elsewhere. Though, like any military facility, it could be relocated spacefl ight by 2020?

given enough time, it could be a crucial hostage to fortune should relations SwAF deteriorate further. The siding of Washington, too, with Saudi Arabia may also have implications for defence deals. Where this now leads, is anybody’s guess. 30 We are in uncharted territory here.

Tim Robinson, Editor-in-Chief 40

Ballantyne 1997-2017 [email protected] Back to the Baltic The Society’s Ballantyne Sweden refocuses its military schools careers event NEWS IN BRIEF forces back to defending its celebrates 20 years of the homeland. RAeS Careers Department. Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal 2017 AEROSPACE subscription Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). rates: Non-members, £160 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Chris Male, RAeS, No4 Hamilton Place, Deputy Editor Advertising London W1J 7BQ, UK. 41 Bill Read Simon Levy +44 (0)20 7670 4352 Afterburner +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4346 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Any member not requiring a print Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no version of this magazine, please 46 Message from our President Chris Male AEROSPACE contact: [email protected] material in shall be taken 47 Message from our +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. USA: Periodical postage paid at [email protected] Chief Executive Reproduction of material used in this Champlain New York and additional Online Production Editor publication is not permitted without the offi ces. 48 Book Reviews Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Postmaster: Send address changes Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, 51 Library Additions [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, are available to view online on Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. 52 20017 Annual Banquet www.media.aerosociety.com/ Book Review Editor SK17 6AE, UK aerospace-insight Brian Riddle 54 Corporate Partners ISSN 2052-451X Including: Going Dutch with CAE, Back to the Editorial Offi ce Distributed by Royal Mail 56 Diary Baltic. 2017 Paris Air Show preview, In for the Royal Aeronautical Society low-cost long-haul, In the June issue of No.4 Hamilton Place 58 Filton low-speed wind tunnel AEROSPACE, Pioneers of power, Cold War London W1J 7BQ, UK 59 YPN in the spotlight in 1980s defence industry adverts, +44 (0)20 7670 4300 RAeS elections Plane Speaking with Gulfstream [email protected] Front cover: RAF Typhoon FGR4 refuels during Exercise Atlantic Trident 60 www.aerosociety.com President Mark Burns, Enter (USAF) 61 2017 Council and Trustees the Swordfi sh

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Wider exports While the USAF T-X requirement is for 350 aircraft to replace its current T-38 fl eet, Boeing believes there could be a wider global export market of around 2,000 aircraft – with the Swedish Air Force already mulling the aircraft as a possible Saab Sk60 replace- ment. Though the T-X is unarmed, Boeing Single- has revealed that the structure has been strengthened for an unspecifi ed number of engine hardpoints, opening up potential for future Boeing’s T-X is light attack variants. powered by a single GE F404 turbofan as used in the F/A-18 Hornet. Boeing is coy on the aircraft’s top speed, saying: “We have a supersonic capability but there is not a supersonic requirement.”

Rival trainers eye T-X prize As well as Boeing's proposal, the T-X competition has seen public proposals from Italy's Leonardo with its T100 (a development of the M346 Master – bottom left) and Lockheed Martin/KAI, with its T-50A (a modifi ed T-50 Golden Eagle – bottom right). If selected, Leonardo, which has its US subsidiary DRS as prime contractor, will build the T100 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Meanwhile, Lockheed would build the T-50A in Greenville, South Carolina. Leonardo Martin Lockheed Boeing

4 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Safety fi rst With the F-35 having been designed to accommodate the widest range yet of pilot body types and weights, it is no surprise that this will extend to the T-X as well. Boeing says that the ejection seat requirements for T-X are “more stringent” than the F-35. While Boeing is currently in the process of choos- ing an ejection seat supplier, Martin-Baker this year is launching its Mk18 seat – aimed at the T-X requirement.

Twin testing Boeing has built two prototypes, BTX-1 and BTX-2, to support its T-X bid. The company refuses to say how many fl ight hours have been fl own since the fi rst fl ight in December 2016 but notes that, thanks to the maturity of the demonstrators, it has seen up to four fl ights a day being fl own.

W DEFENCE Sweden meets St Louis As AEROSPACE goes to press in June, Boeing and other contenders for the USAF's $16bn T-X advanced trainer competition are set to submit the fi nal package of fl ight test data for their entries. The fi rms have had to fl y set manoeuvres with their prototypes and present time-stamped HUD video as well as synchronised audio as part of their applications. Boeing's T-X proposal, developed in partnership with Saab and unveiled in August 2016 is the only confi rmed clean-sheet trainer design to be proposed – the others either having dropped out (Northrop Grumman) or have yet to publicly fl y a demonstrator (Sierra Nevada Corp/TAI). The USAF is set to make a decision later this year, with Boeing saying it will produce the T-X in St Louis, home of its F-15 and F-18 production lines.

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GENERAL AVIATION AEROSPACE Bell 505 Jetranger X Widening Gulf rift hits Qatar fl ights gets FAA certifi cation Qatar Airways has been forced to re-route fl ights after Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, Libya the UAE and Yemen blocked The US FAA has seat helicopter began in access to its airspace after an escalating diplomatic crisis certifi cated the Bell 505 March 2017, with the fi rst caused a split between Doha and its neighbours. The airline Jetranger X helicopter. Bell H example handed over elic has also closed offi ces in Saudi Arabia and the UAE which op First launched as te to Arizona-based r have cut diplomatic ties with Qatar. Meanwhile, other airlines, the Bell Short Pylon Aviation. Light Single Meanwhile, such as Emirates, Etihad and FlyDubai have also axed (SLS) at the after a services to Doha – as well as banning Qatari nationals and 2013 Paris Air grounding of its residents from their fl ights. Australian fl ag carrier Qantas, too, Show, the Bell super-medium has banned Qatari nationals from boarding fl ights that stop 505 achieved 525 Relentless in Dubai. Meanwhile, Turkey has said it will deploy troops to type certifi cation following an accident Qatar to support its ally. The country is also the location of from Transport Canada in July 2016, the company the US and coalition air base at Al-Udeid and CENTCOM's in December 2016. First expects to resume test CAOC (Combined Air Operations Centre which controls all deliveries of the fi ve- fl ying imminently. US air operations in the Middle East. FlightRadar24 AIR TRANSPORT DEFENCE London City to embrace EU to boost military R&D remote control with Defence Fund On 7 June the European allocated this year, growing Commission launched to €500m annually after A the new European irbus 2020. Meanwhile Defence Fund ,development – a €5.5bn per and acquisition year boost to will see €1bn a London City is to become the fi rst UK airport to introduce Saab’s digital remote help develop year allocated ATC tower technology. From 2019, 14 HD cameras and two pan and tilt cameras and strengthen after 2020 – will allow the airport tower to be controlled using high-speed broadband links from Europe's military with the fund NATS in Swanwick. Giant screens will give remote controllers a seamless view, capabilities. The estimated to be with augmented reality projecting air traffi c data on the camera view to enhance fund has two aspects worth €5bn a year after situational awareness. – research with €20m 2020. London City Airport London NEWS IN BRIEF

16 May and is set to take personnel as well as 14 engine, single-seat, inter- Russia’s UAC each take Rolls-Royce has opened delivery of four 737 MAXs aircrew. meshing rotor helicopters 50/50 stakes in the a new Airline Aircraft this year. to Lectern Aviation of China C929 project. The C929 Availability Centre in Derby Norway's Nammo is to for fi refi ghting missions is is planned to seat around which can monitor engines Wreckage and bodies have acquire the UK and Ireland expected to follow shortly. 280 passengers and have in-fl ight and oversee now been found at sea space propulsion business a range of 6,500nm. maintenance around the of a Chinese-made Y-8 of Moog which provides A Sino-Russian project to world. military transport aircraft compact thrusters and develop a widebody airliner On 13 June, Italian fl ag from the Myanmar Air rocket engines. to compete with the 787 carrier Alitalia fi led for On 22 May Malaysia- Force that went missing and A350 took a step Chapter 15 bankruptcy based Malindo Air began on 7 June after taking off The fi rst production K-MAX forward with the offi cial protection in the US as the world's fi rst commercial from an air base in the helicopter to be built establishment in Shanghai the airline goes up for sale services using Boeing's south of the country. following the reopening of on 22 May of the China- in Italy. new 737 MAX 8 with a Some 122 people were the company’s production Russia Commercial Aircraft fl ight from Kuala Lumpur believed to be on board line made its fi rst fl ight on International Company Canada unveiled plans to Singapore. The airline the transport, including 12 May. Delivery of the (CRAIC) the entity sees to boost its defence received the fi rst MAX on families of service fi rst two production single- China’s COMAC and spending by 73% under a

6 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 AIR TRANSPORT SPACEFLIGHT ‘Power failure’ causes BA IT chaos Stratolaunch rolled out

British Airways could face cancellations at Heathrow a bill of up to £100m in on 28 May following a loss passenger compensation, of power to its UK data following an IT breakdown centre. The airline said that over the UK Bank Holiday this power loss was due weekend of 27-28 May to human error with the which caused over 1,000 subsequent 'uncontrolled fl ights to be cancelled uncommanded' return Commercial and 75,000 passengers of power resulting in a space to be stranded. The airline power surge which took air-launch company Stratolaunch rolled out its 117m wingspan was forced to cancel all out the airline’s IT systems. carrier aircraft on 31 May from its hangar at the Mojave Air and its fl ights from Heathrow BA has now launched Space Port in California. The aircraft will now have fuelling tests, and Gatwick airports on an investigation into the followed by ground, engine and taxi tests prior to its fi rst fl ight. 27 May with a further 200 incident. The fi rst launch demonstration may take place in 2019. Stratolaunch AEROSPACE DEFENCE MC-21 makes fi rst fl ight US announces $110bn in Saudi deals

US President Donald Martin/Sikorsky S-70i Trump’s fi rst overseas Black Hawks, seven

U visit in offi ce to S THAAD batteries, D o Saudi Arabia has D upgrades to seen a package existing Patriots, of $110bn in guided munitions, defence deals 48 CH-47F announced. The helicopters, 23 The new Russian Irkut MC-21-300 narrowbody commercial airliner made its maiden weapons sales, C-130Js and an the majority of these intent to purchase fl ight on 28 May from the Irkutsk Aviation Plant airfi eld in Siberia. The 30-minute Memorandums of Intent P-8 Poseidon MPAs. The fl ight took the aircraft up to 3,280ft and 162kt to test aerodynamic stability and (MoI) rather than fi rm defence package also controllability, engine control tests. The fi rst MC-21-300 delivery to Aerofl ot is expected contracts, include local includes four modifi ed in 2019. assembly of 150 Lockheed Littoral Combat Ships. UAC

20-year rearmament plan. was launched on 3 June aircraft have already attack helicopter which is As well as extra troops from Cape Canaveral and been delivered since the Philippine carrier Cebu already in service with the and ships, it also calls for arrived on 5 June, had aircraft received its FAA Pacifi c has ordered People's Liberation Army 88 new fi ghters to replace previously fl own to the certifi cation last year and seven A321ceos. The Air Force. the 77 CF-18 Hornets in ISS and delivered cargo Cirrus expects to deliver new aircraft, which are in . service, an additional 23 in 2014. After splashing a further seven in Europe addition to 32 A321neos On 25 May, Rocket Lab above what the previous down it was then this year. already on order from launched a 17m-long Government had planned. refurbished for a second the airline, are due to be Electron rocket from fl ight. Airbus has forecast that delivered next year. North Island, New SpaceX has become the the world airliner fl eet is Zealand. The fi rst of three fi rst private company, and Cirrus Aircraft has received set to double in the next AVIC has fl own the fi rst planned test launches the second after NASA’s EASA certifi cation for 20yrs with nearly 35,000 Harbin Z-19E attack was unsuccessful in Space Shuttle to send its single-engined SF50 aircraft worth $5.3trn helicopter in China's reaching orbit but Rocket a used spacecraft to Vision Jet. The fi rst Vision needed. It also predicts north-eastern Heilongjiang Lab plans to offer space the International Space Jet for an European that some 530,000 pilots province. The Z-19E is access for small payloads Station. The Dragon customer was handed and 550,000 technicians the export variant of the for a fraction of the cost resupply capsule, which over in early May. Six will also be required. Z-19 anti-tank and ground of larger operators.

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AIR TRANSPORT GENERAL AVIATION EasyJet gets fi rst A320neo “Where we're going, we On 14 June at a ceremony in Toulouse, Airbus don't need roads” handed over easyJet's fi rst A320neo. The A320neo, powered by CFM Leap 1-A engines is the 300th A320 for easyJet and the fi rst of 130 neos destined for the airline. The airline is set to be Europe's largest A320neo family operator. DeLorean Aerospace DeLorean The newest VTOL company also says ‘fl ying car’ concept to that, should the craft be revealed comes from experience a double US start-up DeLorean power failure, it will be Aerospace. Its tandem- able to glide to a safe seat electric DR-7 landing. The company features vectoring aims to build a prototype

Airbus twin ducted fans. The within the next year. AEROSPACE DEFENCE White House lays out Advanced Hawk fl ies ATC privatisation plan

On 5 June President Donald representatives from airlines, Trump unveiled plans to regulators and consumers. privatise the US ATC system, Safety, however, would still to allow improvements in remain the responsibility of effi ciency and investments the FAA. While the plan has in upgrades. The proposed received broad support from plan would see ATC airlines and the US DoD, US moved from the FAA to a ATC privatisation, mooted BAE Systems has revealed that its Advanced Hawk demonstrator made its “self-fi nancing non-profi t since the 1990s, has fi rst fl ight from Warton, Lancashire. The Advanced Hawk, fi rst unveiled at organisation” funded by encountered opposition from Aero India earlier this year, features a new wide-screen cockpit display, a airspace users. A board the business and general of directors would include aviation sector. low-profi le HUD, a combat wing, defensive aids and increased performance. BAE Systems NEWS IN BRIEF

Boeing alleged that the customers are set for later Airbus Helicopters has Canadian manufacturer Spaceport Cornwall has this year. Portugal has begun talks begun construction of an was trying to dump the jets announced a partnership on acquiring Embraer’s H135 fi nal assembly line below market price and with UK launch specialists A General Atomics MQ-9B new KC-390 tactical (FAL) in China. Located hurting its 737 sales. Orbital Access Ltd (OAL). SkyGuardian UAV set a tanker/transport. The deal in Qingdao, Shandong The two organisations new record by remaining would be for fi ve aircraft Province in eastern China, Chinese lessor Everbright will collaborate on the aloft for 48.2 hours, two with options on a sixth. construction is expected Financial Leasing Co development of the hours longer than the . to be completed by 2018. has placed orders for 30 Newquay site with Orbital previous endurance record After almost a year of Capable of assembling 18 COMAC C919s – taking Access providing horizontal for a Predator UAV. delays, International H135s per year, the fi rst the total orders for the space launch services. Launch Services (ILS)'s helicopter is expected to C919 to the 600 mark. Chinese carrier Hainan Proton-M rocket has roll-out in mid-2019. On 22 May Piper's new Airlines is to buy 13 returned to fl ight, On 15 June, Saab’s Gripen M600 single-engine Boeing 787-9s and six launching an EchoStar XXI The US has launched an E fl ew for the fi rst time turboprop was awarded 737 MAX 8s. The value of communications satellite inquiry into Bombardier from the fi rm's facility in EASA certifi cation. the order is estimated at on 8 June from Baikonur, CSeries imports after Linkoping, Sweden. Deliveries to European $4.2bn. Kazakhstan.

8 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 DEFENCE SPACEFLIGHT Hypoxia-like mystery NASA solar probe grounds USAF F-35As gets new name As AEROSPACE goes after fi ve incidents where to press, the USAF has pilots reported ‘hypoxia- grounded 56th like symptoms’.

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local fl ying c aircraft to e operations for be affected NASA has renamed its an unspecifi ed by unknown upcoming Solar Probe period of hypoxia-like Plus mission in honour of time at Luke issues, after the astrophysicist Eugene Parker – AFB, Arizona. The F-22 and F/A-18 the fi rst time a spacecraft has been decision, which does npt with the US Navy T-45 fl eet named after a living individual. The Parker affects F-35A operations grounded since April due to Solar Probe is set to launch in 2018 and will at Eglin AFB, was made pilot oxygen issues. be NASA’s fi rst space mission to the Sun. It will fl y closer than any other probe, within four million miles away to study the Sun’s corona, solar wind and outer atmosphere.

AEROSPACE NASA China fl ies pseudo- GENERAL AVIATION satellite HALE UAV INFOGRAPHIC: Wingsuit fl yer sets On 24 May, China's persistent high altitude Chinese Academy missions. The Caihong new records of Aerospace (Rainbow) CH-T4, British wingsuit fl yer Fraser Corsan has broken three records for wingsuit fl ying, using a C h Aerodynamics i which weighs custom-made suit as part of a project fi ve years in the making. Jumping from over 35,000ft n e s e (CAAA) has between in California on 22 May he achieved a speed of 249mph, breaking the previous world s

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successful i is designed to new FAI European records for highest jump (35,509ft) and longest freefall (31,959ft). a 15-hour fi rst stay airborne fl ight of a new for several solar-powered months at a time 130ft wingspan UAV while fl ying at 65,000ft designed for ultra- or higher.

ON THE (AFIC) as Transaction and MOVE Business Development Leader while Gabriel Dan Hart has been Okolski has become Credit appointed as CEO of and Financial Analyst. Virgin Orbit. Maher Salman Al Drone manufacturer Musallam has tendered his Yuneec International has resignation as the Chief announced that Jiang Executive of Gulf Air. Hao (Michael Jiang) has joined the company as Finnair Chief Executive Global Chief Executive Pekka Vauramo is the Offi cer. new Chairman of airline alliance Oneworld, taking Robert Morin has joined over the role from Cathay the Aircraft Finance Pacifi c's Ivan Chu. Insurance Consortium Project Cirrus

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 9 Global Outlook and antenna: Analysis with HOWARD WHEELDON Return of a ‘Black Hole’ in UK defence?

iven delicate as yet formally Unlike the previous £38bn black hole in defence unconfi rmed reports that the UK that was supposedly ‘inherited’ in 2010 by the then MoD is once again suffering a serious Coalition Government, the problems that appear to imbalance between budgeted and have led to an already £10bn gap between budget G SDSR 2015 actual defence expenditure costs that and expenditure are very different. The some believe could well reach £20bn by 2020, I plan for defence was from the start over-ambitious suspect that we should anticipate more trouble ahead and, while it was an attempt to make good some of for defence. the many mistakes and poor judgements made in Many will remember the now infamous £38bn SDSR 2010, it requires that, in order to fund defence ‘black hole’ in the UK’s defence budget that the equipment requirements, defence must save an Coalition Government claimed to have inherited additional £11bn during the 2016 to 2020 timespan. from the previous Labour administration when it Relying on cuts to civil servants, base cuts and a took offi ce in 2010. Some will also recall that, two further tightening of belts, this was always going to years later, on 14 May 2012 to be precise, the then be very diffi cult to achieve. Secretary of State for Defence, Philip Hammond, informing us that, because of actions and cuts to Growing affordability risks defence taken in SDSR 2010, that the ‘black hole’ in the defence budget has at last been eliminated. With the Public Accounts Committee having said Now it seems that, for rather different reasons in April before the General Election was called that than in 2010, we have yet another emerging the MoD’s ten-year 2016-26 equipment plan was ‘black hole’ in defence and one that appears to be at greater risk of becoming unaffordable than at getting rather larger by the day. Indeed, such is the any time since the process of long-term planning seriousness of the situation that, unless resolved of defence procurement began in 2012, no-one through further raising of the defence budget – an can say that they had not been warned. The House unlikely prospect in my view – the fi rst priority of of Commons Defence Select Committee also held the [new] Secretary of State for Defence will be to a number of hearings to discuss the possibility of prioritise on what action needs to be taken to balance shortfall, emphasising particularly the damage done the defence books. to planned equipment costings caused by the sharp While bringing forward the next planned strategic fall in the value of Sterling since the Brexit decision defence and security review which is due in 2020, had been announced. It too concluded that these some form of mini-review or new chapter of the were issues that a new Government will not be able immediate past SDSR 2015 appears increasingly to ignore. likely. Options in respect of reducing expenditure Understandably, the possibility of Britain opting could include further delaying and pushing back to leave the EU could not realistically have been of planned equipment purchases, combined with factored in to SDSR 2015. Neither could the yet another round of cuts within the military itself. eventuality that choosing to leave the EU would have Another option and one that has been well-utilised such a devastating impact on the value of sterling in the past, would be to see cuts to actual numbers, and, in effect, unless specifi c programme purchases including aircraft, ships, submarines and land had been forward covered by the MoD, would equipment. Further base closures are also an option, effectively raise the cost of US defence equipment along with hastening the pace of privatisation of more that we plan to buy by 20%. Neither of course had aspects of defence. the impact of failure to achieve the £11bn cost With the level and intensity of threats against the savings plan. UK having clearly increased in recent years, treating Despite the promise [by the new Conservative defence as something that can be further chopped Government] of the £500m annual increase in is nothing short of both shabby and dangerous. defence funding now being stretched out for a While defence must be affordable wherever this is further two years until 2023, few can be in any doubt practical, it is supposed to be the highest priority for that funding for SDSR 2015 in its present form is government. inadequate to cover intentions.

10 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 The 2015 SDSR saw an impressive equipment procurement plan – but is it now unaffordable? Boeing

Trident issues and occasional political references both perceived and real, I do not envisage that HMG apart, defence struggled to feature as a mainstream would consider bringing forward instigation of a item during the election campaign. Neither was full defence and security review. I reason this partly there discussion about budget overspend now because following extensive cuts the MoD may not being a serious problem or that a further defence have suffi cient internal expertise to conduct an early and security might be necessary. Of course, had review of UK defence and security. there had been a ‘change’ of party forming the new Neither does there appear to be a will to do this. Government on June 8th a defence and security In any case, given the extent of Brexit-related work, review would have been automatic but, as it currently the same in terms of available expertise may well be stands, the next formal review remains set to be true of the Treasury. Even so, that will not stop the conducted in 2020. latter together with the Cabinet Offi ce piling on the pressure for defence costs to be further cut. A mini-review needed? Although there has been little admission by Even so, given the likely scale of budget overspend a Government in respect of the emerging ‘black hole’ mini review or additional chapter to SDSR 2015 does in defence, there is ample evidence that the MoD seem increasingly likely. There is ample precedent is genuinely concerned. For instance, while the for this to occur. For instance, following the impact of Government announced the intention to purchase the 9/11 attacks, the Labour Government which had nine Boeing P-8 Posiedons it has as far as I am last held a full Defence Review in 1998 added what it aware only ordered two aircraft so far. Similarly, of the called a ‘new chapter’ to that review in 2002. Should 50 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters that the [new] Secretary of State for Defence order in SDSR 2015 the Government announced would a mini-review process to be conducted he could be acquired, only 38 have so far been ordered. Royal use the excuse of additional security requirements Navy ship programmes, such as Type 26 have also being called for in a post Manchester terrorist attack been pushed back and while intended orders for the environment together perhaps with admission of the Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II aircraft remains increased level of threats to the UK. We will see but I at 138 through the programme lifetime, so far only doubt that there would be any admission of this being 14 fi ghters have actually been ordered. due to the appearance of a new ‘black hole’. Above all else we need honesty and integrity all Are there any other options? Not really, as either through defence. Arguably, rather than looking at defence funding is signifi cantly increased or, if the defence purely in relation to cost and affordability new black hole is to be reduced, a further round of and a mini review of costs, we need fi rst to conduct potentially more damaging cuts than seen since the a foreign policy-led defence review that can re- 2010 SDSR would appear to be on the cards. assess the UK’s national interests, likely overseas FEW CAN BE No matter how one views it, the immediate future commitments, national defence and security scenario for UK defence looks decidedly distasteful. requirements and our future role in NATO post Brexit IN ANY DOUBT In the meantime we might readily expect planned along the lines of that conducted by former Secretary THAT FUNDING equipment programmes put on-hold, renegotiating of State for Defence, Lord Robertson, and that FOR SDSR 2015 of some or timing wise, simply pushing some appeared as SDR 1998. IN ITS PRESENT programmes back. Generally speaking, I do see Twenty years on from then, suffi ce to say that cancellation of new equipment as an option, although defence has come on a long way forward but FORM IS those involving upgrade and life extension are at risk. regrettably, so it has also fallen back a very long INADEQUATE On balance, allowing for the impacts of geo- way back in respect of available capacity and in TO COVER political events, Brexit, increased prevalence of perceptions of priority. I fear that these may be about INTENTIONS cyberattacks, a rise in threats to our national security to get even worse.

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LETTERS AND ONLINE

Synthetic training Hence why simulations seem to work so well. Not

With reference to Train sure exactly what is being COMAC (1) virtual, fi ght easy , an done on Vestibulo-Ocular interesting article which Refl ex but a good place to confi rms the increasingly start might be the Oculus important role that thread on Reddit which has simulation and synthetic a lot of VR news https:// environments are playing www.reddit.com/r/oculus/ in developing operational capability, readiness and Tim Robinson, Editor- agility. The expertise, in-Chief, AEROSPACE however, is very much in

the hands of contractors, Thank you! I am not not only Inzpire but familiar with Reddit but I other training delivery companies such as CAE am going to surf that page to read the discussion. with the Medium Support The COMAC C919 fl ew for the fi rst time on 5 May. Helicopter Training Facility, I think it is possible to Thales and others. The combine this technology with the existing motion customers, the RAF and leaves us apathetic and other Armed Services cueing for Flight/Car throwing trade deals their and the MoD agencies, simulators but I am not an way as if the corner store are not developing the expert in virtual reality. couldn’t unseat the big necessary persistent body box retailer. Times change; of expertise in simulation Jorge Gordillo they’re talented, hard to deal on equal terms with Domínguez working, innovative, stifl ed contractors and training by a political system i providers, let alone to lead and way of doing things, in realising the potential but let’s not forget the of virtual training. The numbers and their history. technologies and concepts Only a fool underestimates First fl ight of C919(3) Mars rover concept are evolving rapidly and China; one foot in the a strong career path in past but eyes locked on The successful maiden simulation would help the future, while we fi ght fl ight of the C919 is another provide such expertise to among ourselves and sign that China’s civil (and NASA the front line and up the f dismiss their progress. military) aviation is coming chain of command. on leaps (‘fl ights’) and Roland Delhomme bounds. Limited mainly to the GeeGee First fl ight of C919(3) Chinese market (for now), the C919 will, in time, keep @michalputo [On new Not by giant leaps but the development open to 1985 Manchester fi re NASA Mars concept VR technology by patient steps... Watch international collaboration vehicle] Looks like Mako China. And giant leaps, and partners and follow due from fi rst Mass Effect What a great text on the they’re capable of those diligence to be a real and

RAeS game. I wonder if it can Ten beyond awesome VR too; we’re just to busy credible contender to the climb vertical walls too? fl ight experiences blog(2). dismissing every warning likes of Airbus, Boeing and Is there any work oriented sign; nothing says they Bombardier. to Vestibulo-Ocular Refl ex can’t surprise us; their caused by VR? pace is astonishing, Gustav Baldeon CEng really and breakthroughs Regarding the recent Hypoxia Jorge Gordillo are inevitable. In the article in The Aeronautical Safety standards LJ_Skipper [On hypoxia- Domínguez meantime, they’ll study, Journal on the 1985 related problems in learn, absorb, perfect. Manchester 737 fi re(4) I recently met a UAS F-35s after F-22s, T-45s Good question! I think Now, in the WW2 to Ed Galea spoke to the operator who proudly told and F/A-18s] Classic there is a big difference early-mid Cold War period, LHR Branch on this me how his company (four ecological fallacy. The between ‘sitting’ in a we were running scared back in September ... a yrs old) had never had to same problem can have vehicle of some sort in VR, and risked failure daily. fascinating, if sobering, submit a safety report, as if different causes until or locomotion in games Innovation came at a price. lecture. that said how safe he and proven otherwise. using legs/arms etc Our stagnation will come his company was. where there is a mismatch at a higher price, while Graeme Catnach, between eyes/brain. their determined march CEng FRAeS David Hunkin OBE

12 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 F-5 vs MiG-21 Baltic defence Long haul low-cost 1980s’ defence ads @AdmV0rl0n [On secret @TLLEVIN [On Back @DavidSpringett3 (6) @MichaelJPryce Soviet footage of F-5 vs to the Baltic blog ] [On Long haul, low cost [On MiG-21 evaluation] The Nonetheless heading for blog(7)] I feel that the Defence ads from the (8) Russians are lucky that less than 1% of GDP on legacy carriers have less 1980’s blog ] It’s still the F-20 wasn’t selected. defence spending. The clout and arrogance to put 1985 today! Sadly, the Made the F5 look like a Battle Group on Gotland long-haul low cost out of 1980s was last ‘golden’ picnic. It certainly played a is smaller than Canadian business this time. era of aerospace design. part, the F-20 beat current forces in Latvia. Ever since we’ve just been in service US planes but using more/faster 1s missed out. @trustaviation I don’t and 0s. @katiaavstrom A think legacy airlines are in complete and deep a position to collude and @Rotorfocus @_johnnellison MiG-28!!! analysis of the geopolitical collaborate to eliminate The name situation in the area. this time. Oh I forgot, #Sabrebat doesn’t exactly one of them is a legacy. roll off the tongue ... @RonaldElzenga Hybrid-electric aircraft Technology has developed to a point that enables Getting fl ash backs to Long-range Spitfi res @Boba_H_Fett @PeterSharpe11 [On previously impossible Low risk, the non-Internet time of hybrid-electric airliners(5)] @BoneyAbroad I wasn’t fl ights. Two engines versus incremental improvement. arms-recognition and Hybrids mean batteries and able to make the two three or four; straight No place for dreamers polemology. The good old more power conversions, lectures about the long away, a massive saving. and visionaries. (They’ve times of only books and weight escalation factor range Spitfi re research. moved on to space?) magazines. and power conversion Do you know if it will be Surveillance sensor losses. AC motors only published? 85% effi cient. @RAF_Simmer [On new Elbit wide-area UK spacefl ight @LeighGiangreco God, staring surveillance if Maverick became a UAV F-35B ASRAAM tests completed sensor] Compatible with @simon_rp84 [On operator that would be so Protector? I hope so! haggling over cost of Tim boring. Peake second fl ight] Not surprising, I said at the @SpatialProf Only as time of the ESA ministerial Operation Deadstick persistent as the platform last December: UK it is on ... all well and good contribution to the human @beaver_paul [On Lockheed Martim Lockheed having n x Hermes RPAS, spacefl ight budget is Operation Deadstick but they can’t lawfully pathetic. Ministers agree. the coup de main on orbit the likes of London. Pegasus Bridge on 6 Also, urban canyons Top Gun 2 June 1944] The Glider create multiple occlusions, Pilot Regiment was requiring multiple platforms @Totherchris [On Top dismissed as impossible to provide multiple Gun 2 being fi lmed] Is it a by Bomber Harris. Come perspectives which will contemporary/near-future and hear Peter Clarke cost multiple millions. fi ctional setting, or an @CVHISTORYFEST for Eighth and fi nal UK MBDA ASRAAM test fi ring from historical-fi ctional one? another view on 1 July. Paveway IV-armed F-35B at Pax River. Desert Storm/Fox? Iraq War? Iraq/Russia/China opponents? @Erik_Slot [On F-35 @greatistheworld Is test-fi ring ASRAAM the logic here that if the missile] So, it’s now F-35 doesn’t have stealth 1. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/train-virtual-fi ght-easy/ clearly visible for every advantage, it’s inevitably 2. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/ten-beyond-awesome-vr-fl ight-experiences/ enemy. Since it is hardly a entered in a WVR knife 3. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/chinas-c919-a-great-leap-forward/ 4. http://blog.journals.cambridge.org/2017/05/04/19061/ dogfi ghter. I doubt it would fi ght? 5. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/a-new-age-of-aerospace-innovation/ survive an encounter with 6. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/back-to-the-baltic/ this loadout. 7. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/in-for-the-low-cost-long-haul/ 8. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/the-cold-war-in-80s-defence-industry-adverts/ @AndyC_88 F-35 scored 17-1 kill ratio at Red Flag simulation event which is outrageous. Online Additional features and content are available to view online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 13 PLANE SPEAKING Greg Bagwell Plane Speaking with: Greg Bagwell MoD Via author Via Ahead of the Royal International Air Tattoo and the RAF Air Power Conference this month, we speak to Air Power Association President Air Marshal GREG BAGWELL CB CBE (RAF Rtd).

Above: Air Marshal Greg AEROSPACE: What is the role of the Air Power AEROSPACE: The upcoming RAF Air Power Bagwell CB CBE (RAF retd). Association today? Since you became President, conference is aiming to broaden the debate but does Above right: British soldiers boarding a C-17A what is your vision for the organisation? it actually matter if the general public don’t understand air power, as long as decision makers do? Globemaster III. GB: The aim quite simply is to spread the air power Opposite page: A Typhoon GB: I think it does matter. People want to know alongside a Taranis in the debate. We don’t necessarily have a view of what shadow of a Spitfi re. the answers are but we certainly have access to the about how, (a) their money is being spent and, more people who might. importantly (b) how their own armed forces are being My personal vision – which chimes with that of employed? I think it helps enormously if there is a common baseline of understanding. the association when I joined it – is to try and seek as One of the frustrations I always felt while in the many opportunities to make that debate as broad as Service, is the degree to which you have to maintain possible and the RAF’s annual Air Power Conference secrecy or control the message, yet at the same time here in the UK is an obvious vehicle for that. This try and be open about what you do. A really good also reaches beyond the UK, to look at having more example is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as of a worldwide presence with an Association that the UK’s Reaper UAV. I’ve been involved in the ‘drone’ engages a global audience. debate quite a lot recently, and I have been surprised Thinking how air power is utilised has never been and frustrated at the lack of basic understanding of more important and perhaps our analysis does need how they operate – they are highly sophisticated and a refresh. The way technology and things advance controlled tools of airpower, yet they are viewed by these days, you’ve got to keep up. To a degree, I think some akin to ‘killer robots’. air power is still doing things the old way and the time It is fi nding opportunities to tell the story in a way is ripe to think differently. that people want to listen and, more importantly, that

14 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 BAE Systems

they believe. There are clearly things you must keep AEROSPACE: Do you think the RAF’s current appeal secret but we need to fi nd better ways to help people for ideas from grassroots levels and challenging understand the strengths (and limitations) of airpower. debate will work? Or will it just end being a case of That, by the way, could be equally aimed at politicians ‘shoot the messenger’? and the other arms of the armed services GB: In my time on the Board, we introduced the concept of ‘Thinking to Win’, for which the big idea was AEROSPACE: You’ve now left the RAF but what I HAVE BEEN encouraging debate up and down the organisation. would you say is the biggest frustration with the Some military organisations can struggle with cross service at the moment from those still in? SURPRISED AND cutting hierarchies, open debate and the acceptance GB: I think it is that inability to get people to FRUSTRATED of failure, so we wanted to make it okay to question understand the fundamentals of airpower generation AT THE LACK norms, try new ideas (without constantly seeking and employment. It’s not for the want of trying, but OF BASIC permission or approval) and even more importantly, to fail sometimes. None of these instincts or behaviours for some reason, airpower appears to have a degree UNDERSTANDING are naturally present in militaries, so this is quite a step. of mystery surrounding it. This coupled with its OF HOW THEY Indeed, if you can inculcate these behaviours, you relative complexity and high cost make many quite can genuinely claim to have made a transformational sceptical over its vaule for money, or misunderstand OPERATE – THEY change. the ways it needs to be managed. Yet, its fl exibility ARE HIGHLY I recently read a book about ‘Originals’, who are and sustainment through many decades now of SOPHISTICATED the people that come up with ideas that no one else very different operations should have made a very AND saw. What’s interesting is they’re not child prodigies compelling case, both to the Government and the CONTROLLED but are actually often quite reluctant or risk-averse general population. TOOLS OF people. However, they tend to be a little different If I was to be allowed a second frustration, it from the norm and I think that’s the key. In a military would be the increasingly slow pace of bringing in AIRPOWER, organisation and particularly a Department of State, new capability and technology. 20 or 30 years ago, YET THEY ARE there can be a tendency to seek safety and conformity defence drove innovation but I don’t think you can say VIEWED BY SOME in our people (or at least train it into them), yet these that anymore. Ideas are happening faster elsewhere in AKIN TO ‘KILLER are not the qualities that bring original thought and society and commerce and that should be a wake up certainly wasn’t how airpower come to be. So, if call for defence and aerospace. ROBOTS airpower is to continue to evolve, we have to be

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 15 PLANE SPEAKING Greg Bagwell

prepared to step out to the edge of that envelope the sort of long term plan that is necessary to deliver once more. We will need to recruit, encourage and the long equipment programmes on which we have advance the type of individuals who are most likely embarked. to make this happen. That’s how air power came Now that UK defence is smaller, less resilient and into being and I think it’s how air power has to move constantly engaged, the ability to adjust becomes very forward. I DO QUESTION diffi cult and fraught with unintended consequences WHETHER which can create strong internal pressures, especially AEROSPACE: What are the diffi cult questions about THE DEFENCE on our people. airpower that are being missed and should be asked? INDUSTRY HAS Of course, the Labour manifesto was suggesting some potentially dramatic changes to both the shape GB: I think the diffi cult questions do get asked. GOT A BIT LAZY, Whether they get answered is another matter; indeed, and employment of UK Armed Forces. Had Labour I sometimes feel that airpower is often subject to far ESPECIALLY won, I think a Defence review would have been greater visibility and scrutiny as compared to maritime THE LARGER inevitable but, even then, it would have had to have or land power. There are understandable things that PRIMES? accepted the broad direction of travel. However, if we do to maintain levels of secrecy, that sometimes we have learned anything in the past few years of hinder our ability explain ourselves. Now I think there political drama, we have to acknowledge that change is more desire to be open, at least up to a point. It’s can come quickly and unexpectedly. Different political making sure that people understand the difference parties will have different views on what they think between air power as a military instrument, as defence is for but that’s what democracies do. That’s opposed to the application of force through the rule of what politicians are there to do and, whether militaries law or policy. The unmanned vehicle debate is a good like it or not, they have to roll with the punches. If we example where the ambiguity of the latter has clouded ensure that politicians better understand airpower, the discretion of the former. hopefully they will resource, manage and direct it correctly. AEROSPACE: Given Brexit, a new US President and a changed geopolitical situation, do you expect a new AEROSPACE: We now see a drone vs drone war in SDSR after the General Election? Iraq with both sides using consumer UAVs to drop small munitions. Given the pace of technology change, GB: The simple answer is no. Unless resources or are we in danger of falling behind? Is the defence strategy need to take a dramatically different direction, industry agile enough to keep up? then we should continue to seek to deliver against the current plan. The MoD and HMG are still yet to GB: That is a good question covering a number of settle into the regular SDSR cycle but, hopefully, the factors. The fi rst is a chicken and egg argument. Do individual Service plans can continue to evolve and militaries buy what defence industries build, or is it adapt without the need for constant redirection or militaries that drive industries to design the things they adjustment. However, the problem is that the previous need? I think we’ve got slightly trapped now into ‘we SDSRs have struggled to balance or reconcile the buy what they sell’ and industry merely design and sell strategy with the resources available and resource a slightly better version of what they sold before. The constraints have dominated. SDSR 10 was a brutal questions we need to ask ourselves now, is to what cost cutting exercise and, although SDSR 15 sought extent is that old way of operating still valid? to halt the decline, it has done so largely on the back For example, do you detect submarines by fl ying A Typhoon alongside the a converted airliner up and down the sea lanes, of some very challenging and currently unidentifi ed BAE Systems Taranis UCAV effi ciencies. So we have never been able to settle into demonstrator. dropping sonar buoys out the back? We’ve been doing that for a while now. However, is that still the way we do it in fi ve, ten, twenty years time? Those sorts of questions and the potential answers about the technologies that may allow you to do that differently will drive you into different solutions that could well come from non-traditional sources. Weaponised consumer drones are an opportune use of a relatively cheap, off-the-shelf capability that, quite honestly, right now, is still more of a nuisance than a revolution. We must balance the need to ensure that we are watching trends but not to over react to something that isn’t too great a risk to our own operation. The key is to stay on the front foot and not be rocked back into reacting. EW and cyber threats are another area where we have to ensure that we get that balance right in the future. However, I do question whether the defence industry has got a bit lazy, especially the larger BAE Systems

16 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 primes? It feels like we are merely getting small, slow developmental changes which are well within the capacity of the industry. Does defence have some different paradigm that we need to just accept that we’ll just keep building something that goes slightly faster, fl ies slightly higher than the thing we built before? Or should we continue to test our assumptions and theory, so that we can fi nd those disruptive technologies before our potential enemies do? We talk about this with cyber; are cyber threats the type of shift in capability that genuinely make our traditional capability defunct? I think we’ve convinced ourselves that we will be able to protect ourselves or defeat them but recent events have shown that vulnerabilities sometimes exist in places you did not expect or protect. The same is true in our intelligence gathering. We now recognise that you might get as much information about a target set through open source methods just by fi nding ways to search for that sort of information, rather than by creating expensive things Martin Lockheed that do your searching in more traditional ways. When I started my military career 37 years ago, I felt that all the high tech was at work, now it’s all in my home and that transition happened some years ago. An F-35, Spitfi re and Sopwith AEROSPACE: Contractors and support personnel are That simple test should be worrying us. Camel. a growing part of today’s RAF footprint. Do you think one day a CAS will wake up and fi nd that they are the AEROSPACE: Looking from the outside, what else only full-time RAF offi cer left? do you think needs to be done to secure the RAF’s GB: legacy as it reaches its 100th anniversary next year? No, I don’t think CAS might be the last person in uniform – they could be the fi rst to go – major GB: The RAF has got such a great story to tell. The companies’ Chairmen are non executives, why not the history is there to see, whether it be the RAF Museum RAF? The Whole Force concept is trying to harness, or other museums or shows around the country. The accept and embrace the fact that air power comes fact that kids today perhaps don’t know as much from all branches, whether it’s the industrial partners about 1914 or 1940 as we might have done when we or the individual who might be providing information were younger, is worrying. So our challenge is to pass through whatever means. All you need to ensure that legacy down the generations, so that they not is the appropriate balance between experienced only know what has gone before but also to inspire commanders and competent managers and leaders. them to take us to greater achievements in the future. We just have to decide which of these roles CAS The key is how do you maintain that storyboard fulfi lls…. into the future? Interestingly, when the RAF turned 50, Although people always refer to the size of the its big idea was to build the RAF Museum. It’s such a uniformed Army, Air Force or Navy, what it doesn’t take great museum. Kids love it. What young kid doesn’t into account is all the people who are part of providing want to see and talk about aeroplanes that fl y above part of that output. I’ve often asked the question of the speed of sound and on the edge of space? how many contractors or civil servants that you could actually tag to an Air Force output but never got a AEROSPACE: For its next 100 years , how do defi nitive answer. However I can guarantee that it’s you think the RAF will evolve? Will it have tattooed more than double the uniformed number by some hackers or retired corporate executives remotely margin, and also has huge benefi ts and side effects fl ying UAVs as reservists or a small satellite launch within the wider UK economy. capability? I used to spend a fair amount of time going out GB: Yes, all of the above. If you had sat here in 1914 to those industries and talking to the workforce so talking to the British Army about the benefi ts of that they could connect what they were doing to our airpower, they’d be telling you that you are nuts; yet outputs. So, when they did an extra weekend’s work the visionaries of that era were able to convince them to meet an unplanned operational demand, they knew (albeit slowly). Today, I believe air power has to be just why that was so important. I always detected a sense as ready to accept anything. If those are the types of of pride from them in being part of the team delivering people best placed and with the right skillsets, then airpower – a bit like the NASA janitor who described that’s who has to be in. his job as putting a man on the moon.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 17 TRAINING The RNLAF and simulation CAE Going Dutch with CAE As Canada’s simulation and training specialists CAE marks its 70th anniversary, TIM ROBINSON reports from one of its longstanding defence customers about The Netherlands’ big plans for synthetic environments.

s a small air arm in Europe, the Royal Another critical driver is that today the fi delity Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) has of synthetic environments and associated training a particular interest in exploiting simulations has reached new levels. Paper manuals synthetic environments to help train and documents have now given way to e-learning and hone its service personnel. First, or interactive electronic classrooms, with virtual or likeA many other air forces, it fi nds itself having to augmented reality the next steps – to train better by cope with limited defence budgets and making ‘immersing’ students in learning. Indeed, the RNLAF existing resources go further. Second, is that a envisages that augmented reality for technicians will densely populated country with extremely busy be part of the drive for ‘paperless maintenance’. airspace above means that there are invariably Furthermore, Colonel Harold Boekholt, Head of restrictions on how much real fl ying can be done. Policy and Plans, RNLAF, noted that the scope of This is compounded further if separate airspace for simulation today has seen expansion from simulated larger MALE UAVs is needed, away from controlled training, to modelling and simulation – supporting civilian fl ight paths. wider tasks, such as procurement requirements,

18 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 mission rehearsal and decision making. Boekholt airports and cities and moving traffi c on the roads. also observed that, today, the users of simulation are However, the FFS also features scenarios and also expanding – from pilots, to aircrew and to all emergencies not found in civil simulators – such as personnel. SAM launches, other aircraft in the pattern or taking Finally, he also explained that there was a off, air-to-air refuelling and even, in the case of the growing shift from stand-alone simulators to C-130H, parachutists or cargo being dropped out of commonality and to linking them together – opening the back. As well as The Netherlands being included up possibilities for distributed tactical training – in the terrain database, other theatres include CAE Banking steeply in the as well as live-virtual constructive (LVC) training. Kuwait and Middle East, as well as Mali – where the C-130H sim. Instructors can Indeed, Boekholt revealed that a recent 2012 study Dutch Armed Forces have supported peacekeeping pile on the pressure with by NLMoD found 125 different simulators, with missions. SAMs for pilots to avoid. 125 different datasets. To this end, The Netherlands The AMTC also includes a separate off-board MoD and RNALF has embarked on a plan to instructor station, two briefi ng/debriefi ng rooms, rationalise and streamline its existing simulation two e-learning classrooms (with interactive training facilities – as well as laying the foundations for a software also provided by CAE), as well as a locally- new synthetic training to support new and future built ‘Cockpit Procedures Trainer’. Maintenance platforms, such as the NH90 and, potentially the of this facility has been outsourced to CAE for MQ-9 Reaper and F-35. To that end it has been 15 years, with the company expected to have the working closely with industry partners, such as simulators available 0800-1800hrs for 45 weeks a Canada’s CAE, with the relocation of two tanker/ year for a maximum of 1,500hrs for the (K)DC-10 transport fl ight simulation devices from CAE’s and 2,250hrs for the C-130H. Amsterdam Training Centre in Hoofddrop to the Aeroparc at Gilze-Rijen being the fi rst step in this Future plans process. Though the AMTC only has two FFS devices, The Air Mobility Training Centre the RNLAF has ambitious plans as the fi rst step towards its future synthetic battlespace – and While the RNLAF provides training and instruction, potentially a national centre for excellence for CAE provides maintenance and support for its two modelling and simulation. Interestingly, the model full Level D mission simulators at AMTC – a (K) that the RNLAF is looking to is the UK’s Medium DC-10 and C-130H. With these simulators, along Support Helicopter Aircrew Training Facility with associated e-learning, the AMTC provides type, (MSHATF) – which was developed by CAE in recurrent, upgrade and operational and tactical partnership with the MoD. Dutch CH-47 crews

training (AAR, NVG) to RNLAF pilots, aircraft already use that facility regularly and the RNLAF Above left: Inside the (K)DC- commanders and instructors. is contracted to use MSHATF until 2018. New and 10 Full Flight Simulator. (CAE) The RNLAF C-130H type rating course future simulators then may not all be physically Above right: Training UAV is mostly synthetic, consisting of 20 sim co-located but the long-term vision would see them operators and intelligence analysts is a fast growing sessions/80hrs followed by four actual fl ights, each networked for collective distributed training. CAE sector. (CAE) lasting two hours. Meanwhile, the C-130H tactical believes that GATE2 could be the core for expanded Opposite page: The new training comprises fi ve simulator sessions and four simulation centre, including UAVs. RNLAF Air Mobility Training fl ights in aircraft. The simulators utilise the latest While the RNLAF says: ”It doesn’t really matter Centre comprises two Level in CAE’s Medallion 6000 visual system, making for who owns the simulators”, it has yet to decide on the D mission simulators. a photorealistic scenery, with 3D buildings around full balance of ‘ownership’ vs ‘contracted availability’

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 19 TRAINING The RNLAF and simulation

CAE CAE – 70 years of simulation

This year is a historic one for training and simulation specialists CAE – originally founded in 1947 as ‘Canadian Aviation Electronics’. Beginning with radio antennas, communication and navigation equipment, the company entered into the fl ight simulation business in 1952 with a contract for a CF-100 simulator for the Royal Canadian Air Force. Its fi rst airliner fl ight training device was a DC-6 was developed in 1955. CAE’s relationship with The Netherlands dates to 1984 when it provided a P-3C mission simulator, as well as joint Lynx simulator training. Prince Bernhard of The Netherlands tries out a CAE Today, CAE employs 8,000 personnel in over 35 countries at 160 locations. As well as military and F-104 simulation device. civil simulation across air, land and sea, it now covers healthcare and medical synthetic training. It also expanded from simulation hardware into training services – acquiring Oxford Aviation Acad- emy in 2012, and taking over as prime contractor at the NFTC (NATO Flying Training in Canada) school. Its training services business now represents 60% of its revenues. New growth areas include UAV training. It provides MQ-1/MQ-9 training for the USAF, as well as recently winning a contract to supply RPA training to the UAE), cyber security and live-virtual constructive (LVC) training. CAE – noting that each has its advantages and introduction of the F-35, with its ‘unfair’ stealth disadvantages. However, it is worth remembering advantages and the fact that, outside of actual war, that the AMTC has little opportunity for third- some of its capabilities might only be unleashed party revenue thanks to the unique (K)DC-10 inside a secure classifi ed simulation. As Col and C-130H avionics fi ts. Only New Zealand, for Boekholt quipped to journalists: “The F-35 won’t be instance, used the RNLAF C-130H FFS for training. able to go ‘full ops’ with the “Russians beeping you Additionally the (K)DC-10 FFS may have a from take-off.” short future, considering that, in 2016, the RNLAF ordered two A330MRTTs as part of a pooled Summary European NATO tanker force. With the (K)DC- 10 set to retire in 2021, one affordable solution, The Netherlands may be one of Europe’s smallest One of the new RNLAF Air according to industry sources, is that the fl ightdeck countries but it has ambitious plans to use Mobility Training Centre Level on the current FFS could be swapped for a KC-30 simulation and training to keep punching above D mission simulators. cockpit, while keeping the motion base and visual its weight. Says Col Boekholt: “Modelling and system. simulation will make us better and cheaper”, with The rest of the RNLAF’s simulation projects emphasis on ‘better’ for a fi fth generation Air include a NH90 simulator update and relocation Force. His goal for the Air Force is that by: “2024 (to be completed in 2018 and also provided by we will execute 50% of all Air Force training in CAE), the need to update or procure devices for the synthetic environment”. This ambitious vision newer variants of the Chinook and Apache by the includes not just aircrew but all personnel. mid-2020s, the establishment of a F-35 simulation It is also clear that the RNLAF decisions to centre, multi-sim/multi-type for integrated helicopter partner with CAE in 2012 in developing its synthetic training – as well as MQ-9 simulators. In particular, environments, an agreement which was extended CAE industry sources describe the NH90 simulator in November of last year, has allowed the Air Force for the Dutch Navy, which includes a rear crew to mitigate and alleviate some of the fi nancial mission simulator as well as fl ightdeck, as one constraints it faces. of the most sophisticated devices they have ever Finally – the RNLAF and The Netherlands The Instructor station at AMTC. developed – due to the helicopter’s advanced may have useful lessons for other countries CAE missions systems. seeking to harness simulation and modelling. While Even further ahead, The Netherlands may have simulations for training aircrew has a long history, some input into the next generation of air combat how many nations use simulation and modelling to simulator artifi cial intelligence (AI), through the inform procurement, assist decision makers on the NLR (Netherlands Aerospace Centre)’s ’Smart capabilities of air power or develop new operational Bandits’ project. This, like research underway in concepts? It also may be that, with the NLR’s ‘Smart the US, seeks to develop more aggressive enemy Bandits’, future Western fi ghter pilots may fi nd their AI entities which can then be dropped into military skills tested and honed by more challenging AI fl ight simulators to push pilots skills to the limit. opponents developed in The Netherlands. In particular, more challenging, more dynamic The AMTC, then is a small step in a much big AI opponents would fi t extremely well with the journey for the RNLAF.

2 0 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 ESA. . . . . BENEFITS OF WEXAS MEMBERSHIP INCLUDE: MEMBERSHIP WEXAS OF BENEFITS PLANNING A HOLIDAY? REQUEST ABROCHURE AHOLIDAY? REQUEST PLANNING

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specialists . SPACE UK Spaceport Orbital Access Orbital

The 2020 to space via the UK

The UK’s attempts to facilitate spacefl ight from the UK is examined by DR RENAUD DURAND, an aerospace sector specialist at supply chain fi rm, Vendigital.

he UK Government has recently Market demands Above: An artist’s impression announced plans to enable spacefl ight of the Orbital Access’ Orbital 500R satellite launcher, from the UK by 2020 and its draft Today, the situation is quite different. Programmes are two-stage to orbit system, Spacefl ight Bill is aiming to establish more likely to be driven by market demand and are designed to deliver payloads the regulations necessary to control less government led. Despite calling a halt to Black of 500kg. Tcommercial spacefl ight. But does the UK space Arrow, the UK space sector is in a strong position to Right, opposite page: An industry have what it takes to support a new respond to market changes and shape a regulatory artist’s impression of UK spaceport and launcher programme? framework to meet the needs of emerging space proposed spaceport. It is more than 50 years since the UK’s businesses. homegrown satellite launcher programme, Black Responding to market demand, British interest Arrow, got underway. At that time, the costs in the space industry is growing again. The UK associated with developing a rocket launcher and Government’s Industrial Strategy Green Paper meeting its needs operationally were astronomical. recognises space as one of the key growth This lack of commercial viability, combined technologies for the UK, and the Draft Spacefl ight with limited political will to pursue it, led to the bill highlights the potential for the UK ‘to become programme being shelved in 1971. However, this the fi rst country to provide a hub for low cost launch was only after the completion of four launches, of small satellites in Europe’. By creating the right culminating with the UK’s fi rst and only successful regulatory environment and commercial ecosystem, orbital launch. this is a unique opportunity for the UK to secure a

22 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 greater share of the commercial spacefl ight market, 1kg-50kg satellites projections worth around £25bn, over the next 20 years. 450 To provide a springboard for growth, the UK Space Agency has invited potential spaceport 400 sites and vehicle operators to submit joint bids for 350 grants worth £10m to support the development a 300 commercial launch capability for spacefl ight by 2020. The deadline for bids for grant funding passed at the 250 Announced end of April and the UK Space Agency is expected to 200 announce the winners this summer. Historical - Catapult # SATELLITES 150 Catapult projection Countdown is progressing 100

50 Far from starting from scratch, the UK is well placed to accelerate its commercial spacefl ight programme 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 as the industry has a track record of achievements YEAR and has grown strongly in recent years, particularly in the areas of small satellite manufacturing and the Small Satellites Market Intelligence, Satellite Applications Catapult, 2017. acquisition and commercialisation of satellite data. According to the biennial ‘Size and Health of the UK range. Many of those satellites are expected to need a polar orbit which is ideal for the UK geographical Small satellite launch forecast satellite applications swns.com satellite applications positioning compared with equatorial orbit where being close to the equator is a competitive advantage. correct as of mid April 2017. The applications derived from the mega constellations that these satellites represent a real opportunity for the UK space industry to capitalise on its position of strength, and an indigenous launch capability is key to attract these companies to the UK. However, issues such as a global lack of manufacturing capacity and the need to reduce costs further to enhance commercial value for operators, still need to be addressed. US-based OneWeb Satellites, a venture jointly-owned by OneWeb and Airbus Defence and Space, has recently started work on the development of a high-volume satellite manufacturing facility at Exploration Park in Florida, in a bid to shorten assembly times by introducing Space Industry’, the sector has grown by an average state-of-the-art automation, test equipment and data of 8% per year since the year 2000, compared with acquisition capabilities. just 1.9% in the wider economy. To grow its share of the global space market, Driving this growth are companies such as UK-based businesses will need to learn quickly from Glasgow-based Clyde Space Ltd, which is a world- innovators in other parts of the world. Companies class manufacturer of CubeSats and Oxfordshire- such as Rocket Lab, a US company with operations based Reaction Engines Ltd, which specialises in the and a launch site in New Zealand, and Vector Space THE DRAFT area of propulsion and is developing engines capable Systems, an American launch company based in SPACEFLIGHT of launching rockets into orbit. Arizona, are among those leading the fi eld in the race BILL Global demand for small satellite launchers is to develop a rocket capable of providing a dedicated HIGHLIGHTS growing. The Satellite Applications Catapult, part of and responsive launch for small satellites in orbit. the UK Government’s Catapult network, designed to If the UK space industry wants to compete with THE POTENTIAL transform the UK’s capability for innovation and drive such initiatives, a change of mindset may be needed FOR THE UK ‘TO economic growth across specifi c areas, is providing to instil a faster and more effi cient approach to BECOME THE evidence on market demand to help support business production and delivery. With a globally-renowned FIRST COUNTRY cases in the UK. reputation for satellite reliability, many UK-based businesses have been focused on ensuring the TO PROVIDE A Building a route to space highest-possible quality standards. By adopting new HUB FOR LOW generation technologies, however, it is now possible COST LAUNCH The Small Satellite Market Intelligence forecast from for businesses to reduce time to market signifi cantly the Catapult highlights that around 1,700 small and provide more affordable access to space. OF SMALL satellites will be launched globally from 2017 through As shown in the diagram below (price per kg and SATELLITES IN to 2021, of which 1,500 will be in the 1kg-50kg LEO), these vehicles are often more expensive in EUROPE

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 23 SPACE UK Spaceport

A view from the Chairman of the RAeS Space Group The RAeS has strongly supported the government’s spaceport initiative and has provided detailed comments on the draft legislation to the Parliamentary Science & Technology Committ ee Inquiry on that legislation. We welcome the interest in the subject as illustrated by Dr Renaud Durand’s article in this issue of AEROSPACE, and we understand the desire to ‘sell’ Britain as an excellent place for investment. Other reports on this topic have provided diff erent launch cost fi gures and emphasised diff erent challenges and opportunities, so we do not consider this article to be the last word on the subject. Factors that we consider important include: ● A strong indigenous launcher capability is going to be key to achieving added value from the UK’s spaceport initiative and that certainly requires signifi cantly more funding than the UK Government has off ered so far; this capability could be home-grown and/or via inward investment. ● ‘$/kg to low Earth orbit’ is not the full story; other factors to consider are the absolute cost of the launch and the cost to high inclination orbits, such as polar and sun-synchronous, which the article notes as suitable from the UK (and which are more expensive than some of the lower inclination orbit fi gures often quoted). ● ‘responsiveness’ of the launch system is also a very important factor, the ability to launch small satellites when they are ready rather than when they can get a ‘ride share’ can be key. A responsive UK small satellite launch system could take market share on that basis alone. ● reliability of a launch system is paramount, and any compromise of that in the interests of lowering costs is likely to doom the venture. ● projections of the number of future launches required vary enormously, so spaceport business cases will need to provide evidence that the market will actually be there. Philip E Davies FRAeS

terms of price per kg than existing launch vehicles, be considered and the preferred location is due to However the game changer lies not in price but be announced next year. The criteria for selection in providing a dedicated launch which allows the includes technical feasibility, commercial sustainability customer to choose the orbit and the ability to be and benefi t to the UK. In addition to ensuring the new launch quickly in response to market demand. The spaceport and vehicle operator comply with standard Rocket Lab Electron rocket had its fi rst fl ight to safety practices, ministers may also be looking space on the 25 May 2017, although it failed to for evidence that further steps are being taken to reach orbit this time. enhance safety. In addition, despite having more spaceports than any other country in the world and leading the fi eld in UK on the launchpad the delivery of launcher programmes, many US-based vehicle operators must comply with International Regardless of where the spaceport will be, many Traffi c in Arms (ITAR) regulations which can impact challenges lie ahead if the UK is going to realise the export potential of their propulsion technologies. its ambition to launch a commercial spacefl ight Securing a robust supply chain ecosystem to support operation by 2020. From a supply chain perspective, A comparison of orbital class UK growth in satellite launch capability could the main challenges are gaining access to rocket vehicles based on price per stimulate further growth. engine technology from within the UK or around kg shows that price is not the With momentum building in the UK’s space the world and importing people with the skill-sets main metric being considered sector, there has been much speculation about where needed to develop and run a commercial spacefl ight in small launch vehicles. Source: Small Satellites a new spaceport could be located. Six potential programme. In the early stages, there is likely to Market Intelligence, Satellite sites were shortlisted in 2015 but since then the be a high demand for robust information about Applications Catapult, 2017. Government has indicated that any suitable site will international capabilities. To get up and running, the spaceport and launcher programme will also need to establish a high-value, UK-based ecosystem as

<ĞLJ sĞĐƚŽƌͲZ^ƉĂĐĞy&ĂůĐŽŶϵΨ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ zĞƐ zĞƐ quickly as possible to deliver maintenance contracts, ĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ůĂƵŶĐŚ ZŽĐŬĞƚ>ĂďΨ Ϯϭ͕ϳϳϴ zĞƐ zĞƐ manage fuelling and fulfi l orders for specialist ƌŝĂŶĞϱ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚLJ sŝƌŐŝŶ'ĂůĂΨ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ zĞƐ zĞƐ materials and components. E^^ƉĂĐĞΨϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ EŽh>ƚůĂƐs EŽ EŽŶͲĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ As Britain prepares to enter a new era of h>ƚůĂƐs Ψϭϯ͕ϭϴϮ EŽ E^^ƉĂĐĞ ůĂƵŶĐŚĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚLJ ^ŚƵƚƚůĞ spacefl ight, a massive commercial opportunity is ƌŝĂŶĞϱΨ ϭϬ͕ϰϳϲ EŽ sŝƌŐŝŶ'ĂůĂĐƚŝĐ ΗŽůĚΗ >ĂƵŶĐŚ ^ƉĂĐĞy&ĂůĐ Ψϰ͕ϭϬϵ EŽ >ĂƵŶĐĞƌKŶĞ opening up for the UK space industry and with ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJ;Ăƚ ZŽĐŬĞƚ>Ăď legislation in the pipeline and Government funding ůĞĂƐƚŽŶĞĂ ůĞĐƚƌŽŶ ŵŽŶƚŚ sĞĐƚŽƌͲZ becoming available, it is all systems go. Plenty ƉůĂŶŶĞĚͿ of strategic planning, knowledge-sharing and ΨͲ Ψϱ͕ϬϬϬ ΨϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ψϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ΨϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ΨϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ΨϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŝĐĞƉĞƌŬŐƚŽ>K infrastructure support will be needed to ensure the UK’s race to space goes from strength to strength. Small Satellites Market Intelligence, Satellite Applications Catapult, 2017.

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Powering the future Rolls-Royce

Rolls-Royce is working on designs for future engines which it hopes will power the aircraft of the 2020s and beyond. BILL READ FRAeS reports from Dahlewitz in Germany.

ne of the leading aero engine Research partnerships manufacturers in the world, Rolls- Royce currently supplies engines to Rolls-Royce’s future engine research is being over 35 different types of commercial conducted simultaneously in a number of different aircraft with more than 13,000 engines areas, starting from research into new technologies, Ocurrently in service. These include the Trent 1000 for through technology testing to engine demonstrators. the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the Trent XWB for the “A key part of our technology research is through Airbus A350 and the Trent 7000 which will be used partnerships,” said Caroline Day. “We have partnerships to power the new Airbus A330neo. However, Rolls- with 31 university technology centres, 14 research Royce is not just working on designs for the present centres and other partnerships. The research areas generation of airliner, but is, looking to the future include additive layer manufacturing (ALM), the design with the development of new engines for the next and manufacture of advance materials, advanced generation of civil aircraft. alloys and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs).” “We spend between £1.2 to 1.3bn each year Rolls-Royce also has partnerships with on R&D,” explained Caroline Day – Head of Future manufacturing research centres and is conducting Programmes. “Our Future Technology Programme research into volume manufacturing. “While it’s great is looking simultaneously ahead over 5, 10 and 20 to have new technology, you also have to make it years. Vision 5 is about applying technology, Vision and then sell it,” pointed out Caroline Day. “You can WE HAVE 10 looks at next generation products and Vision 20 is develop new products in laboratories but you can’t just PARTNERSHIPS about exploring new ideas.” jump straight into manufacturing, you need to work WITH 31 In 2014 Rolls-Royce launched its ‘large civil out how to make them in volume.” UNIVERSITY architecture strategy’ to develop new engine designs TECHNOLOGY beyond its current Trent XWB engine for the early and Full-scale demonstrators mid 2020s called Advance and UltraFan which will be CENTRES,14 20% and 25% more effi cient than the earlier Trent “Our engine development progresses through a RESEARCH 700 engine. “The Advance is in the Vision 5 space number of stages, starting with testing the capabilities CENTRES while the UltraFan is in the Vision 10 space,” said Phil of components and technologies, then testing parts of Curnock, Chief Engineer, Civil Aerospace Strategy the engines individually and then integrated with other AND OTHER and Future Programmes. sub-systems,” explained Phil Curnock “This is followed PARTNERSHIPS

26 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce

by the assembly of whole engine demonstrators which Left to right from opposite Look – no LP turbine are tested in different conditions on the ground and page: Detail of a Rolls-Royce Power Gearbox; Thrust then in the air. Once an engine has been proved to be lever within the control room Meanwhile, work is also progressing on the Vision robust then the fi nal stage is to target products that it in the new XL test facility 10 UltraFan. “The UltraFan uses the same core as could be used on.” in Dahlewitz, Germany; Advance but has a bigger fan,” said Phil Curnock. this virtual reality chamber As part of this ongoing research, Rolls-Royce is “That gives us a more effi cient engine with a higher testing a number of full-scale demonstrators, each helps Rolls-Royce not only in designing engines but bypass ratio but it makes the low pressure (LP) of which concentrates on a particular technology or also planning maintenance turbine larger as well. Now, as an engineer, I don’t like part of an engine. Tests on two demonstrators, E3E procedures; Interior shot of large turbines; they’re heavy and need more stages. and EFE (Environmentally Friendly Engine) which the new test cell at the new XL test facility in Dahlewitz. I’d rather have a smaller more compact version. What concentrated on environmental effi ciency, have now we’ve done is to extend the IP turbine by a couple of been completed while work is underway on eight stages. However to do that, I have a fan which wants others, including the advanced low-pressure system to turn slowly and a turbine that wants to turn faster. (ALPS) and advanced low-emissions combustion The solution is to use a powered gearbox to link systems (ALECSys) demonstrators. the IP turbine to the fan, allowing deletion of the LP The three-shaft Advance 3 demonstrator, turbine. together with a four-stage intermediate pressure (IP) compressor and ten-stage high pressure (HP) compressor aero rigs which were tested at Anecom New technology in Germany, are paving the way towards the new Advance engine design. Currently under construction The two new engine designs also include other at Bristol, the Advance 3 is due to go on test in Derby new technologies into which Rolls-Royce is in mid-2017. “With the Advance 3 we’re changing also conducting research. “Changing the engine the architecture in the engine by combining the Trent architecture is only part of the process,” continued XWB fan, the back of the Trent 1000 and the all new Phil Curnock. “We’re also introducing new materials HP core in the middle, plus other new technology,” technology, lean burn technology and composite fan said Phil Curnock. “We’re also making use of 3D technology. The Advance engine has dynamic sealing, printing to make components more quicker.” composite fan, smart adaptive systems, high torque “The Advance concept is about redistributing the density shafts, a lean burn combustor, a lightweight workload between the IP and HP compressors and CTi system, lightweight high-effi ciency compressors turbines,” he continued. “The XWB has quite a lot of IP and an adaptive cooling system. compression going on, with a two-stage IP turbine, a “In addition to the powered gearbox, there’s a shorter, smaller core, a single-stage HP and a shorter whole suite of technologies going into the UltraFan, compressor. As you get to higher temperatures and including a low-speed fan system and multi-stage higher pressure ratios, keeping the bearings and other IP turbine system. The UltraFan will also feature systems cool with a short core becomes a problem. advanced carbon/titanium (CTi) fan systems, hybrid Therefore, what we’re doing with the Advance is to ceramic bearings and ceramic matrix composites put more work back on the HP spool.” (CMCs).”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 27 Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce

CTi blades Rolls-Royce Virtual engine

Research on CTi composite fan systems is being To speed the development of these new engines, conducted using different types of blades. Pre- Rolls-Royce is making a greater use of computerised production work on composite fan blades, casing modelling using a digital ‘virtual engine’ which can be and annulus fi llers has been carried out from the used by engineers to experiment with new concepts. Rolls-Royce-GKN Aerospace joint venture at the “We can do more and more analysis on the computer,” CTAL facility on the Isle of Wight (now a part of the said Phil Curnock. “Engine testing is expensive and Rolls-Royce group) but manufacturing is expected to the more we can do on computers to refi ne the design be relocated to Bristol this year. the better. Using the virtual engine will enable us to Rolls-Royce introduce products faster. The reason for this is not High temperature and lean burn just about creating better designs but also about research removing tests from some of our programmes because we can do a lot more work through computational Another ongoing research project is the lean burn analysis. For example, we can now do simulations of combustor which can turn streams of fuel on and fan blade-off tests. Eventually we hope to be able to do off, optimise the performance of the combustor and without actual physical tests for certifi cation which are tune systems to reduce emissions and noise. The expensive as they write off a whole engine. However, lean burn combustor, which has completed sea-level that is not happening just yet though.” rig tests in Derby and altitude rig testing in Stuttgart, will help reduce emissions to conform with future A busy year environmental requirements. Rolls-Royce is also Work on all the different projects is proceeding. “This looking at smart adaptive systems which can vary the Top: First run of the PGB fl ow of cooling air, as well as second generation nickel attitude rig. year, there’s lots happening,” Phil Curnock explained. alloys to cope with higher temperatures for the disks Lower: Advance 3 “We’ve got the gearbox power rig test in Q2, Advance inside the engine. demonstrator under 3 demonstrator ground test by mid-year, ALPS Rolls-Royce has used an advanced construction in Bristol. demonstrator ground test and ALECSys combustor manufacturing process known as ‘CastBond’ to ground test in Q3 and the assembly of the HT3 create metallic turbine blades with reduced wall demonstrator in Q4. The UltraFan programme is on thicknesses and more intricate features which do not track with the concept freeze gate later in 2017. Low- need so much cooling air. Made from a continuous speed fan tests are completed, the fi rst trial blades silicon carbide fi bre reinforcement with a fi bre-matrix have been cast for the second generation TiAl IP interface coating surrounding a ceramic matrix turbine and initial PGB testing is now underway. The fi rst fl ight test is scheduled for 2021 with a potential primarily of silicon carbide, the CMC components entry into service from 2025.” enables weight reductions and higher temperature capabilities. The high temperature capabilities of Chicken or egg? both CMCs and advanced manufactured metallic components will be tested in the HT3 (High What comes fi rst – the engine or the aircraft? With all Temperature Turbine Technology) demonstrator this work going on future engine designs, the question based on a Trent XWB-97. being asked is what aircraft might they be used to

Rolls-Royce Dahlewitz Located south of Berlin, Rolls-Royce’s Dahlewitz site is the headquarters of Rolls-Royce Deutschland, specialising in two-shaft engines, high pressure compressors and nacelles, as well as providing on-wing support for 9,000 civil engines. It employs 2,400 workers, around 1,000 of whom are engineers. Dahlewitz is one of 14 Rolls-Royce sites in Germany which collectively employ around 11,000 workers and produce over 7,000 engines.

2 8 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Rolls-Royce From left to right: Advance key technologies. UltraFan key technologies. The evolution of Trent XWB to UltraFan.

Gearing Up A key element of the new UltraFan engine is the powered gearbox (PGB) which will link the IP turbine to the fan. “The reason for using a gearbox is to increase the propulsive efficiency of the engine,” said Mike Whitehead, Chief Engineer & Head of Programme – UltraFan. “It’s all about the fan. We want to shift lots of air but not too much. The turbine is operating hot and fast while the fan is big and slow. So, there’s a contradiction. If we make the fan more efficient then the turbine is less efficient. We need to combine the technology – which is where the gearbox comes in.” The PGB consists of a central cog surrounded by five rotating ‘planet’ cogs. “The planetary gearbox design is nothing new, the technology is used in electric drills,” remarked Mike Whitehead. “Nor is it new to us, as Rolls-Royce have been making them for 60 years. What is different about this one is its size and power.” The new PGB is described by Rolls-Royce as ‘the world’s most powerful aerospace gearbox’. It has a potential power of up to 100,000hp. “There are huge loads in the gearbox,” said Christian Seydel – Product Development Manager – Power Gearbox “Each tooth is the size of a little finger and two gear teeth can transmit the same power as the entire grid of a Formula 1 race. “Or, to put it another way, each planet gear can hold the force of a Trent XWB-84 engine at full thrust.” Testing times The PGB has been developed by an international team of research, industrial and funding partners from the UK and Germany, as well as a joint production venture called Aerospace Transmission Technologies with Liebherr-Aerospace in Friedrichshaven. The PGB was designed and built using virtual reality (VR) techniques to reduce development time. The testing of the gearbox is being carried out by a team of 100 engineers based at Rolls-Royce’s site in Dahlewitz in Germany. “No one has built gearboxes this size for aerospace before,” declared Christian Seydel. “There was no gearbox test facility, so we had to create one. We started construction in March 2015, tested our first PGB in September 2016 and conducted the first PGB power test in May.” The €84m custom-built test facility at Dahlewitz includes an oil storage room, water cooling system and a power rig and an attitude rig in which the gearbox can be tested in different conditions and positions. The PGB attitude rig will be capable of simulating altitudes of up to 40,000ft and aircraft manoeuvres with a pitch of ±45deg and roll of ±35deg. The 35m long power rig will be capable of 150,000hp and can add up to 100MW of dynamic torque with a collar simulating inflight loads. “We are exploring the boundaries of gearboxes,” said Christian Seydel. “We can run the PGB at full speed and see what happens when we tip it about at different oil pressures or temperatures or what happens if the fan blades are windmilling when the engines aren’t being used. One issue that we’ve been looking at is that of heat management. We’re got lots of testing planned in which we get oil in and out so that it can be used both for lubrication and removing heat.” Rolls-Royce

power? Rolls-Royce’s answer to this is to admit that a manufacturer decide to build such an aircraft. no platform has yet been identifi ed but the designs Even if no orders have yet been forthcoming, the are scaleable and could be adapted for both wide- research is not being wasted, as it is being used to body and narrow-body designs. The fact that such support the UltraFan development programme. “This engines will be available in the future may spur aircraft isn’t just about future products,” added Caroline Day. manufacturers into designing new aircraft that can best “Not only will this new technology be useful for other use them. The UltraFan technology suite could even be future engines but some of it will feed back into our used as a building block to an open-rotor engine should current portfolio to refresh our existing engines.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 29 DEFENCE Sweden

Back to the Baltic In response to increasing Russian military activity in the Baltic, Sweden is refocusing its defence forces from overseas missions back to homeland defence. BILL READ FRAeS reports from Malmen and Linköping.

DoD Russian Su-24s buzzed the USS Donald Cook in the Baltic Sea in 2016.

armed forces, as well as to develop a new Total Defence concept which includes both military and civilian defence’. This will include a renewed regional focus, with emphasis on national defence and planning for wartime scenarios. Spending has been increased on air force, army and navy units, a coastal missile defence system will be reinstated and regular Swedish Armed Forces army units will return to the island of Gotland Recent years have seen an located between Sweden and the three ex-Soviet escalation in military activity in Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. “The the Baltic. remilitarisation of Gotland is a strategic mark,” said Col Liljegren. ntil 2014, the main activity of Sweden’s Military conscription has been reintroduced armed forces was focused on for the fi rst time since 2010 and will now include participating in overseas expeditionary women as well as men. However, conscription missions. Spending on defence conditions will be somewhat different, calling up spending was at a low level compared 4,000 out of 13,000 men and women born after Uto the days of the Cold War. “Sweden used to spend 1999 for training in 2018 and 2019. 5% of GDP on defence but that fell to 2.5% and The Swedish government is also to allocate then down to 1%,” said Håkan Buskhe, President SwK 60m to strengthen municipalities’ and county and CEO of Saab. councils’ work in the area of civilian defence, SwK Today the situation is very different. The past few 15m for the county administrative boards for total years have seen an escalation of Russian military defence planning and SwK 20m for the National activity over the Baltic Sea. According to fi gures Defence Radio Establishment and the Swedish Civil from the Lithuanian Ministry of Defense, NATO Contingencies Agency to strengthen resilience to fi ghters intercepted a total of 140 Russian military and counter cyberattacks. “Sweden has never had aircraft fl ying near the Baltic Sea in 2014. This so many programmes at the same time – not even in fi gure increased to 160 intercepts in 2015, followed the Cold War,” said Håkan Buskhe. by 110 in 2016. This year has seen further incidents, Although Sweden is not a member of NATO, the most recent of which as this article went to it plans to deepen its co-operation with that press on 6 June when a US B-52 bomber fl ying organisation, as well as with the EU, the UN, as well over the Baltic Sea was intercepted by a Russian as with the Baltic States. Sweden is also a member Su-27 fi ghter. On the same day Russian media also of NORDEFCO (Nordic Defence Cooperation) and reported that a Russian fi ghter had intercepted a has working with other Nordic countries, in particular Norwegian patrol aircraft over the Barents Sea. with Finland. “We are increasing co-operation with “The situation in the Baltic has changed with a Finland,” explained Col Liljegren. “We share each huge increase in Russian military activity over the other’s airspace and communications, as well as air past two years,” stated,” Col Magnus Liljegren, Head surveillance co-operation. We are developing our of Air Force Department, Swedish Armed Forces operation planning to include the option for joint HQ. “While the level of activity has now fl attened out, action. We can offer alternative landing bases for Russia is fl ying in offensive sortie formations. The Finnish forces which can use Swedish airbases if situation is very tense – our pilots need to think very they need to withdraw.” carefully what they do.” SAF reloaded Defence refocus The increase in defence spending will enhance In response to this changing military situation, the SAF and Sweden’s air defence capabilities. Sweden is now refocusing its defence priorities on “The 2014 Parliamentary Commission Report defending its own borders. Produced ‘in the context was very good for the air force and we are hoping and in light of the developments in Russia and for even more resources in the 2020 Report,” specifi cally the Russian aggression towards Ukraine’, commented Col Liljegren. The SAF will now have the 2016-2020 Swedish Defence Bill increased four Air Wings comprising Fighter Squadrons, an spending on defence for the fi rst time in 20 years Air Transport Squadron, an Air Combat Control and with a rise in the country’s defence budget of 2.2% Air Surveillance Battalion and a Helicopter Wing. over the next fi ve years from SwK 43.355bn in The Air Wings will maintain ground-based services 2016 to SwK 45bn in 2017, SwK 46bn in 2018, and will ensure a more fl exible use of existing air SwK 48bn in 2019 and SwK 50bn in 2020. bases with the ability to disperse to increase the A key priority of Sweden’s revised defence survivability of the air forces in case of war. policy is to ‘enhance the warfi ghting capability of the The number of fi ghter squadrons will be

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 31 ne which ne which nal decision on nd a suitable solution ls the Swedish Air Force demands on future ls the Swedish Air Force Existing tactical air transport aircraft will be air transport aircraft Existing tactical are to be upgraded and Sensor radar systems are also plans to replace the Saab 105/ There eet between 2020-2024. In the longer term, the 2020-2024. In the eet between will be a next There ight hours and availability. Connectivity key specialities is connectivity One of the SAF’s with its Gripens and other aircraft transmitting and other to provide an overall receiving data from each network centric picture. But how robust would this Developing tactics materiel, In addition to gaining more defence is also giving careful the Swedish Air Force key to consideration to the way it uses it. “The success in air warfare is superior numbers, superior superior tactics,” said Col Liljegren. and technology “Sweden will probably not be superior in numbers so, capabilities, we need to regain our national defence aircraft equipment with the right things. However, not a problem solver. an accelerator, is technology don’t have a lot of resources and our capabilities We are thin, so this is forcing us to work a very clever Sweden has a long successful tradition of way. continuing and developing tactics but we need to than we used tactics for home defence use different need to be increasingly on international missions. We proactive with both the army and the navy.” maintained with plans to upgrade the C-130 with plans to upgrade maintained fl will be looking to replace Swedish Armed Forces the C-130 with new tactical air transport aircraft. special attention to Helicopter units will give with the acquisition of new supporting naval forces anti-submarine weapons. units are to have increased renewed and operational fl the RBS15generation version of missile and new surface-to-air missiles are short and medium range to acquire is also ‘an opening’ to be acquired. There but a fi long distance cruise missiles this will not be made until 2020. original plan was to replace the “The SK60 trainer. SK60 but political decision making has in 2020 possible moved this to 2025,” said Col Liljegren. One candidate to replace the SK60 is the Pilatus PC- with another being the new 21 with glass cockpit by Saab and trainer currently being developed T-X the Boeing – if it wins a USAF contract. However, Swedish Material Administration (FMV) was quick aircraft to say that no decision on the replacement FMV “The not defi will has been reached. of manufacturers that may be potential suppliers a new trainer aircraft for the Swedish Air Forces,” FMVit said in a statement to the press. “The and are developing various the Swedish Armed Forces trainer system concepts to fi that fulfi trainer aircraft and that can replace the SK60.”

Swedish Air Force ve air bases ghter squadrons erent applica- erent eet of 96 JAS 39 ff fl ghter training division tted with Meteor missiles. ack targets on the ground, tt eet will also be fi The capability to disperse the fi The plus three war bases. We’re returning to disperse returning plus three war bases. We’re as much tactics, although we’re not relying on roads as before.” within their regular bases as well as between within their regular bases as well as between will be alternate bases will also be improved. “We spending SWK 1.7bn on protecting air bases,” will have fi Col Liljegren. “We explained increased to six, including the fi will serve alongside the other squadrons which six squadrons will begin by The in case of war. operating 96 Gripen C/Ds but these will be replaced A total by new Gripen Es between 2023 and 2026. 39 Gripen Es have been ordered but of 60 new JAS Commission is considering increasing the Defence and the future this total to 70. Both the existing Gripen fl eventual number of squadrons may be adjusted The service. depending on the number of Gripen Es in will do “No decision has yet been made on what we with the C/Ds after 2026,” said Col Liljegren. 2017 ghters which can be used to a fi

DEFENCE Sweden

run and maintain airbases while command andghter aircraft units, and fi AEROSPACE / JULY JULY / AEROSPACE Swedish troops have returned to the island of Gotland.

3 2

The Swedish Air Force (SAF) operates a variety of aircraft for di Air Force (SAF) operates a variety The Swedish Swedish Air Force Swedish Air support control units command airborne units and report on current airspace status. units to improve data obtained from ground-based and naval sensors. Base units data obtained from ground-based and naval units to improve tronic combat reconnaissance and intelligence gathering and radar surveillance tronic combat reconnaissance and intelligence gathering and radar surveillance In addition, the SAF also has signals reconnaissance units which conduct elec- converted Gulfstream business jets for SIGINT and VIP transport missions. converted 105 jet trainers, Saab 340s for transport, AEW&C and Open Skies missions and 105 jet trainers, Saab 340s for transport, operations and are used in humanitarian missions. The SAF also operates Saab operations and are used in humanitarian missions. The SAF also operates Saab C-17s and Lockheed C-130H Hercules transport aircraft units perform airlift national ground-based and naval operations and rescue services, while Boeing national ground-based and naval A109 and Sikorsky UH-60M helicopter units are used for national and inter- air or water, as well as for intelligence gathering. A total of 50 NH90, Agusta A total of 50 NH90, for intelligence gathering. as as well air or water, tions and is organised into a number of units. It currently has a Gripen C/D multirole system be in the event of disruption from electronic warfare jamming systems? “We use Link 16 for international missions which has been upgraded,” said Col Liljegren. “We use Link 16 at home but we’ve also got our own national datalink which I think is better. We have also been practicing with degraded systems as to what happens if there is no GPS.”

AURORA 17

In September, Sweden’s armed forces will be staging ‘Aurora 17’ – a national exercise simulating a military attack on Sweden. It will involve over 19,000 personnel from the Swedish air, land and sea armed forces, together with additional military units Saab from Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Lithuania, Norway and the USA. 20% of Swedish personnel will be from the home guard while there will also be The Gripen E made its fi rst and Stockholm areas, on and around the recently participation from around 40 other civil agencies. fl ight on 15 June. remilitarised island of Gotland, and the Gothenburg “Aurora will be our biggest joint exercise for 25 area. Finland is also participating with naval and years, involving 50% of our total armed forces,” air transport units, together with Denmark, Estonia, declared Exercise Director of Aurora 17, Major Finland, Lithuania, France and USA. These countries General Bengt Andersson. will role play both opponents and friendly forces. Aurora 17 will involve army, navy and air The exercise will take place between 11-29 force units from all over Sweden with the main September and will be in four phases: exercise areas concentrating on the Mälardalen CET/FIT 11-17 September: “This stage will simulate a pre-war situation and will concentrate on integration, routines and methods,” explained Maj Gen Andersson. “Units will train together. Troops will move to Gotland. Chartered trains will transport Enter the Gripen E a mix of equipment and personnel. The forces will mostly move about overnight.” Saab is busy putt ing the fi nishing touches to the new Gripen E (above), SHAPING 18-23 September: Troops will reinforce the next generation of the Gripen. The Gripen E is longer than the C/D Gotland. There will be joint training both on Gotland with a wider fuselage and improved undercarriage. It has a more power- and the mainland. “On 22 September we will run ful F414G engine with 20% more thrust, improved range (40% more the imaginary scenario that ‘A land’ to the east fuel capacity), larger payload (10 hard points for weapons), improved attacks of ‘B land’,” said Maj Gen Andersson. “The hardware agnostic updateable avionics, infrared search and track system, new radar, Selex ES BriteCloud active decoy system, advanced electronic assumption will be that Sweden is not the main warfare and communications and improved situational awareness. target but enemy forces will attack Gotland and south of Stockholm to prevent reinforcements going The new fi ghter is fi tt ed with an AESA (electronically scanned array) to ‘B land’.” radars, RWR (radar warning receiver), the IRST electro-optical system, JOINT OPS 24-27 September: This phase will as well as an advanced electronic warfare system and countermeasures. simulate a coastal and air attack on the Swedish It has ten hardpoints which can be armed with a wide range of weapons mainland between Oxelosund and Nykoping. The (including up to seven Meteor beyond visual range air-to-air missiles), 24th of September will also be a public information pods or external fuel tanks and is fi tt ed with the TIDLS and Link 16 day to explain about the exercise. NATO-standard secure data link system that can be shared with other platforms. RE-ORG 28-29 September: the last two days will ‘restore used terrain’, regroup units to barracks and The fi rst version of the Gripen E will be fi tt ed with Baseline MS20- evaluate the exercise objectives. standard software, which will be followed later by Edition 21 and 22 upgrades. Pilots will use a Targo embedded virtual avionics helmet While Maj Gen Andersson did not specify which from Brazilian company AEL Sistemas. real countries ‘A land’ and ‘B land’ might represent, a glance at a map of the Baltic shows that the littoral First rolled out in May 2016, the prototype Gripen E fi rst fl ew on 15 countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are very June. It was originally scheduled for the end of 2016 but was put back close to a much larger eastern nation. to the second quarter of this year while software was evaluated. First “The security situation in past years has delivery is currently on schedule for 2019 and the SAF will have its fi rst worsened and we need to increase the ability of Gripen E squadron by 2023. It is expected that all Swedish air squadrons our armed forces,” commented Maj Gen Andersson. will have converted to the Gripen E by 2026. “This exercise will also send an important message to the world – we are prepared to defend ourselves.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 33 UAVs Air Traffi c Management

Crosssky Traffic

BETH STEVENSON looks at proposals for the development of air traffic management (ATM) systems to include supervision of UAVs in shared airspace.

nmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)s are airspace,” Mike Gadd, business and technical lead for a well-established entity nowadays, unmanned aircraft systems and cyber programmes however debated this topic may be at the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority, told a Royal among the aviation industry. While the Aeronautical Society conference on the subject in use of them and the impact they have May. Uon manned aviation is a somewhat contentious issue, He added that there needs to be the stability of if governments and aviation authorities continue the predictable environment that is currently found to move towards enabling their use, full and safe with manned aviation and, ultimately, access needs integration into airspace shared by manned aircraft is to be made available to those that legitimately need essential. it, while there must also be an appropriate level of To this end, air traffi c management needs to safety, as well as security from cyber-attacks. “What be developed and applied for UAV use, taking into we don’t want is a chaotic scene,” Gadd added. “Not consideration the potential infl ux of this type of all aircraft have the ability to hover and stop where aircraft coming to bear, as well as the generally they are.” smaller size and lower altitude operational While the rules of the air are well established and characteristics that come with most hobbyist and UAV integration will have to adapt to that, there is commercial UAVs. currently no real provision for low-fl ying, slow aircraft like UAVs that are often fl own in urban environments. Heard above the traffi c Gadd claimed that UTM would not necessarily have to be carried out at a national level like some There is currently a boom in discussion regarding other forms of ATM but could adapt the approach unmanned traffi c management (UTM), as aviation the UK currently takes in carrying out this control authorities, operators, industry and opponents at a more localised level. “In the UK, we actually debate how this is safely going to be carried out, have quite a federated system,” Gadd said. “They when it is going to be introduced and how is it going work together in a way that allows them to be to be controlled and paid for. “It is necessary to interoperable. ‘Do we need one single regulatory enable manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft… body (for UTM), or can we rely on a number of them the end game is that if it fl ies, it needs access to the for this?’ This introduces a number of challenges for

34 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 a UTM rollout, such as how it is going to be funded and who is going to be responsible for IT SHOULD NOT managing each BE, OR SEEM TO system, be it the government of BE, A BLOCKER, a country, industry, or the individual users. Security then has to be added AND THAT IS on top of this. ESSENTIAL. IT IS NOT ATM Flying safer skies VERSUS UTM; IT If UAV operations become cross-continental, as IS TOGETHER they are expected to be, UTM systems have to be THAT THOSE able to manage the handover from one to another aviation industry to ensure that this emerging area TWO SHOULD and the operator has to be able to adhere to the grows and integrates safely. “ATM should not be, or WORK regulations of the country that the UAV is then fl ying seem to be, a blocker and that is essential. It is not in. There needs to be enough spectrum available to ATM versus UTM; it is together that those two should be able to deal with carrying out robust UTM services. work.” Simon Navigation, tracking and surveillance will have to be Hocquard claimed that UTM should be built with Hocquard considered. However, Gadd notes that these are consideration of both the good and bad experiences all standard considerations of manned aviation that that the ATM industry has had to date, and these Chief Operating UAVs must also abide by and progress is being made developments should then also be fed back to benefi t Offi cer of the Civil to facilitate enhancements in these areas, such as the manned aviation world. Areas to consider include more satellite launches that will bolster navigation the bolstering of safety, an innovative approach to Air Navigation provision. regulation writing, the fi nancing of these initiatives Services UTM is also too broad as it currently stands, and the way in which airspace is operated. Organisation Gadd argued, noting that there is a vast range of Regarding the latter, he noted that there will be air vehicles being proposed, with varying levels of times and places where separation of UAVs and (CANSO) autonomy and different performance levels. other aircraft is necessary but there will also be ones where they will need to be integrated, which makes ATC vs ATM CANSO question if the current airspace setup will remain relevant as UAVs are used more. “Airspace Additionally, the Chief Operating Offi cer of the Civil may need to evolve with numerous new categories, Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), perhaps,” he said. “I am not (necessarily) promoting Simon Hocquard, told the conference that the that but the few categories that we’ve got – A, B, C, prospect of UTM can be threatening to ATM users D, E, and G – may not be enough. “How it is currently but called on all parties to work together, otherwise made up may end up not being fi t for purpose…this “it will be far more diffi cult than it needs to be”. He is about ensuring the integrity of the entire airspace claimed that the introduction of UTM is a signifi cant and I think that is important with more users of the opportunity for those involved and urged involved airspace coming up.” parties to work now to stay ahead of the full rollout of UAVs in national airspace, so that they can help Joining fl ight to UAS shape how this is done and not have to “rush to play catch up.” “I urge regulators worldwide to work with New members to CANSO include Google and industry,” he said. “I see it in the US in particular, Facebook, both of which are exploring the use of where everybody is sat in the same room trying to UAVs in their operations, which has changed the develop this as fast as possible and I think that type dynamic of the industry, Hocquard noted. of model is essential in order to make this a success.” CANSO has set up an RPAS technology working group in response to the introduction of the disruptive If we can then make this worldwide, technology, through which it is assessing airspace then all the better structure and operations and it is also creating air navigation service provider (ANSP) to consider for Co-ordination and collaboration are key to this, small UAS operations globally. Hocquard said, and it is the responsibility of the “Let’s grab this by both hands,” he added. “We need to work together, talk to one another, infl uence as one and create momentum as an industry because, if we don’t, we’ll be going around and around in circles.”

JULY 2017 35 UAVs Air Traffi c Management NASA

NASA fi rst coined the term UTM when it kicked NASA’s proposals for self-positioning equipment installed. They can then off research into low-altitude UAV traffi c management integrating the unmanned communicate their location so others are aware of aircraft systems integration some years back, with the ultimate aim of providing (UAS) with the National their status. “Building on the company’s extensive regulations for beyond-line-of-sight small UAV Airspace System (NAS). experience in the implementation of air traffi c operations by 2020. management systems and the design, development, Some initial work has been carried out but April production and operation of remotely-piloted 2017 saw the UTM pilot programme begin that will unmanned aerial systems, Leonardo’s solution is the continue until 2019 and test a number of different answer to today’s air traffi c control requirements,” concepts and technologies to allow for a UTM rollout. the company says. “The new system ensures the With the US Federal Aviation Administration working security and safety of unmanned operations, which are alongside NASA, the authority will be able to use the becoming increasingly prevalent in civil applications research to inform regulations on UAV management. such as territorial security, infrastructure and environment monitoring also in case of natural disaster, Enhancing UTM remote sensing, search and rescue operations aerial photography and video recording.” In terms of industrial efforts, there are a number This concept can incorporate third party underway to try and help develop appropriate communications systems already integrated onto the technologies for UTM. Leonardo is one such company UAV, with Leonardo taking an agnostic approach to in March announced that it was ready to deploy its how the system is operated, a company spokesperson unmanned aircraft air traffi c management system told AEROSPACE. which, in March, is designed to safely manage civil Depending on user requirements, different UAVs at low altitudes of up to 150m above the ground services can be offered over the application-based in urban airspace. system, including public registry of UAVs – if the This beyond-visual-line-of-sight system builds country it is operating in requires it – and route and on Leonardo’s ATM experience and is a web-based, mission planning. remotely-accessed concept that works with co- The spokesperson added that the system has operative UAVs that have self-identifi cation and been tested but could not offer any more information

3 6 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 on when or where this took place. They added that is why the there is not yet a customer company for the UTM system, noting that the company is looking at expects not only air traffi c controllers but also services and cloud- government, commercial, security, military and based modelling. He said leisure operators to be interested in using that typically, technology the system. “The system is based on secure tailored to aviation is communications and has been designed to used in this fi eld but the be secure by design, embedding the security application approach will concept from the design phase of the system,” help the industry develop they added. as UAV use continues Thales has also introduced a new to proliferate. “Nobody UTM application to its ECOsystem ATM can predict what drone management offering, a system that allows traffi c in the future will be ANSPs, airlines and airport operators to plan like,” Rea said. “The data and monitor operations. The company has Ricardo Gomez generated and the number joined with Unifl y to provide this new service. It will of UAVs fl ying will be combine Thales’ ATM experience with Unifl y’s UAV unknown.” In addition, the type management concept to provide “the premier UTM of user will be unknown, which is why a system that application”, Thales says. “The solution will incorporate covers the spectrum of potential users is key. “Our Unifl y’s Validation Engine, a sophisticated software focus tends to be on the professionals but we can’t application that conducts real-time validation of drone forget about the leisure users in this,” Rea noted. fl ight plans, into Thales ECOsystem, a decision support platform for improved aviation operations,” Thales Introducing UTM adds. ECOsystem is designed to allow for applications to He added that the UTM application will offi cially rollout be built on top of it, having launched with an air traffi c in 2018, with additional functions planned for the fl ow management layer in 2016. UTM is the second future. Initially, when it rolls out operators will be able application and it will allow for UAV registration, pilot to restrict an area in order to fl y their UAV and in 2019 registration and fl ight planning, using geospatial a tracking capability will be added so that authorities and meteorological data to allow for this, and those monitoring a certain area can track unco- plus situational awareness tools such as operating UAVs, should an urgent no-fl y-zone be map overlaying, terrain viewing and 3D introduced. projections. While the initial offerings for UTM are largely web- Oliver Rea, UAV traffi c based at the moment, it makes sense that this type of management operation can be modifi ed in the future so it can adapt solutions lead at to the evolving UAV market. It is predicted that UAV Thales, told use is going to continue to proliferate in coming years AEROSPACE and a traffi c management system that allows for this that the cost growth is essential. of this type of Additionally, just because this is how UTM is going operation is to be carried out in the short-term, it is not to say a concern that this is how it will defi nitely be conducted in the at present, future and inevitably large UAVs that are on par with which manned aircraft will ultimately be integrated into ATM operations if they are to be operated in concert with their manned counterparts. However, for small UAVs that operate at low altitudes where other aircraft do not tend to fl y, the ability to register a fl ight plan and be instructed on where not to operate – all via an application on the operator’s phone – might just be suffi cient enough to ensure that operations are carried out safely and legally, with no hindrance to anybody or anything else. NASA JULY 2017 37 COMPETITION Airbus A400M Photography Contest Airbus

A400M photo contest takes-off Snap a photo of the A400M and win the ultimate VIP Airbus factory tour and flight simulator experience.

ith air show season in full swing, Applicants will be able to upload their photos to Airbus has launched an amazing a special Airbus A400M photo competition online new annual aviation photography gallery, as well as see the latest entries and vote on W contest for amateurs, young your favourites. photographers and ‘avgeeks’ to capture the A400M airlifter in service, at air displays The prizes or on operations around the globe. While the aircraft has been previously a star For the fi rst prize in each category– Airbus are at airshows thanks to its fi ghter-like agility, the offering the winner a once-in-a-lifetime ‘avgeek’ European-built tactical/strategic transport is now experience – a VIP tour of the A400M factory and showing up farther afi eld, with recent sightings in the fi nal assembly in Seville, plus an opportunity to get US, Gibraltar and, of course, around the UK’s famous hands-on in the full fl ight simulator itself at the low-level ‘Mach Loop’. Some 43 A400Ms are now in company’s training facilities. service, with the UK operating 15, followed by France In addition – one winner’s photograph will with 11, Germany with eight, Malaysia and Turkey also be immortalised as the front cover pic of an with four each and Spain the latest operator, with its upcoming issue of AEROSPACE. fi rst example delivered in November. Judging will be by an Airbus executive, a RAF representative, a professional aviation photographer The contest and AEROSPACE representative. Airbus, therefore are asking for your best snaps of Closing dates the A400M (on the ground or in the air) that capture the aircraft’s muscular lines, its impressive agility, The competition was launch at the Paris Air Show or even its operational versatility – as it carries out 2017 where the A400M took part in the static its missions around the world, appears at air shows display and will run until 24 November, with winners and enters service in increasing numbers with set to be announced in December. customers. For more details and terms go to www.A400m- The competition is divided into three categories. photocompetition.com to enter.  Military Photographer Award for Military entrants With the summer airshow season well underway  Young Photographer – (18-21 year olds) voted and the A400M popping up all over the world now - for by the public on social media. there is no excuse not to get snapping. Good luck! General Public Photographer Award for all Follow the A400M Annual Photography Contest budding photographers online with #InPlaneSight #A400M Airbus

38 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Air Power Conference 2017 12-13 July IET London airpower.org.uk

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20 years of helping aerospace careers take-off Ballantyne 2017 The RAeS Head of Skills and Careers, ROSALIND AZOUZI, reports on today’s and tomorrow’s aerospace leaders passing on their top tips to the next generation at the Ballantyne 2017.

he Royal Aeronautical Society is Themed ‘Your career in aerospace: the next celebrating 20 years of dedicated 20 years’, the Ballantyne 2017 featured a packed careers activities this year and the programme of inspirational talks, ranging from T Society’s annual secondary school industry leaders to new entrants into the sector, event, the Ballantyne, named after competitions and challenges and an afternoon Q&A former RAeS Secretary Dr Archie Ballantyne, Panel session where the audience could put their was the perfect opportunity to kick off the careers questions to the experts. celebrations on Friday 28 April at our London 129 visitors attended the day, ranging from headquarters. secondary school pupils looking at their future

40 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 choices to college students embarking on their on offer, supporting her personal development. aerospace journey and seeking advice as they look at Serena then went to Aston University to study Supply apprenticeships and university options. Chain Management and Logistics as part of the The Society was particularly grateful for Raytheon Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme. While UK’s sponsorship for the fourth event running, not a traditional engineering degree, Serena became enabling the Society to put on a varied programme very involved in the voluntary opportunities offered which included talks from Raytheon’s own inspirational through DTUS, including spending three weeks in team and a fantastic quadcopter prize for their Kenya on a building project for the local community. lunchtime design challenge. This combination of experience and knowledge helped Serena gain a place on the Raytheon graduate Tips from the top programme and she also won the Jaguar Land Rover prize for her fi nal year dissertation, graduating with a Following an introduction to the Society and our fi rst class degree. careers work from Professor Chris Atkin, RAeSAeS Serena really brought home the importance of Immediate Past President, Roy Donelson, Managinganagingg continuous learning, getting involved, setting yourself Director, Defence, Raytheon UK, provided thee kkeynoteeynonotete goals and trying new things. In her role at Raytheon welcome. she is a STEM ambassador, helping to inspire younger Roy’s career path, from the US military too indusindustry,try, audiences into engineering, as well as the Harlow provided a rich resource of learning and advicece whwhichicch site lead for the Raytheon UK Reservist and Veterans he generously shared with the audience. Valuableuable network. tips included the mantra ‘Co-operate and graduate’aduate’ – frequently cited by his teachers during his SySystemsstems Apprenticeships Engineering degree. Roy advised the audience Main background image to be curious, learn as much as possible and that, (opposite page): Captain Marnie Jamie Hodgson and Shaun Myddelton gave the “Engineering is a team sport and team beats talent Munns, commercial pilot with audience an insight into their engineering journey every time,” in other words, being a good engineer easyJet. via the apprenticeship route. Both are Electrical/ means being a good team player. Main background image (this Avionics apprentices based at Raytheon’s Broughton Roy also highlighted that career development page): Corporal Daria Savkova site. Training to work in hands-on roles on Raytheon’s provided an insight into Aircraft not only comes through education and the day Technician routes with the Sentinel R1 aircraft, their work includes maintenance job – active involvement in professional networks Royal Electrical and Mechanical and modifi catons; repairing wiring looms; replacing also enables you to develop important skills for the Engineers (REME). components; installations, inspections and workplace a nd broaden your knowledge, as well Above, upper: Professor Chris testing. Both can opt to work towards their EASA as pass on your knowledge to others, highlighting Atkin, RAeS Past President. Aircraft Maintenance B2 Licence following the the value of his work as President of the Raytheon Above lower: Roy Donelson, apprenticeship. Asian Pacifi c Association and the Southern Arizona Managing Director, Defence, However, it’s not only their engineering skills Raytheon UK. Chapter of INCOSE, an international body for systems which Jamie and Shaun are developing through Below: Serena Martin, Graduate engineers. Quality Assurance Engineer at the apprenticeship: from taking part in teambuilding Raytheon. outward bound trips with colleagues both Raytheon Graduate pathway and other local engineering/aerospace companies, to competing in the aircraft engineering World Although only 22, Serena Martin, Graduate Quality Skills competitions in front of thousands of people Assurance Engineer at Raytheon (right) showed at the NEC, to representing young engineers in that it is never too soon to start taking that advice. Parliament to highlight the importance of STEM and Growing up in Thailand and China, Serena decided apprenticeships to MPs and Government ministers, to continue her studies in the UK and worked hard to Jamie and Shaun emphasised the communication, earn a place at Wellbeck Defence 6th Form College teamwork and confi dence that the apprenticeship has where she studied A Levels, as well as taking full brought them, along with many career options for the advantage of the range of extra-curricular activities future.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 41 AEROSPACE CAREERS Ballantyne

EachE highlighted that the hard work pays off and track routes into leadership and supervisory roles. The JamieJam advised the audience not to be afraid to ask presentation highlighted the variety of work that the questionsques and take as much advice from others as RAF does, from protecting the skies to humanitarian youyou can! Shaun added: “Find your passion because aid to supporting military interventions, no two days thattthat will drive you to success.” are the same. Again, being passionate and committed in what MilitaryMMil routes you set out to do, along with a team mindset, are essential skills for a career in the RAF. TheTThe military also offer fantastic aviation engineering oopopportunitiespo and Corporal Daria Savkova provided ‘New space’ aann iinsightn into Aircraft Technician routes with the RRoRoyalya Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) For space engineering and astrophysics postgraduate, (main((mmai picture, previous page) whose aircraft range Shefali Sharma (main picture), her passion for space Jamie Hodgson and Shaun from the Apache, Lynx and Wildcat helicopters and has resulted in a different path, working for a start-up Myddelton, Electrical/Avionics Watchkeeper and Desert Hawk 3 unmanned systems. space engineering company, Oxford Space Systems, apprentices, spoke to the Daria fi rst joined the British Army in 2012 and based at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, audience about their career in engineering at Raytheon via due to her love of sciences, applied to join REME as home to many growing UK space companies. the apprenticeship route. a trainee Aircraft Technician, working and studying Shefali introduced the audience to the concept of Main background picture: at the same time to achieve her engineering ‘new space’ whereby solutions to the key challenges Serena Martin, Graduate qualifi cations alongside gaining experience. She is facing space engineering and science today, such Quality Assurance Engineer now a Class 3 Aircraft Technician having successfully as the cost and risks of space launches; reuseable at Raytheon. completed both her soldier and trade specifi c training. launch vehicles; restrictions on size and shape of With a structured route offering the chance to take equipment and payloads has led to the birth of on early responsibility, Daria is already starting to pass entrepreneur-led companies competing with the on her experience to new recruits and, since being traditional space manufacturers, such as Space X, promoted to Corporal, is about to start a supervisors’ Reaction Engines and Shefali’s employer, Oxford course at the new School of Army Aeronautical Space Systems, which is aiming to revolutionise space Engineering at MOD Lyneham. engineering with clever ‘origami’ engineered solutions. Corporal Daria Savkova Daria not only has a passion for her role, she Shefali highlighted the strength and ambition and a colleague from Royal has also taken advantage of some of the exciting within the space sector, particularly in the UK where Electrical and Mechanical opportunities offered within the army including the sector is growing annually, employing 28,900 Engineers (REME). parachute jumping and skiing. Daria is also looking people today and aiming to reach a 100,000 forward to her next steps completing her Artifi cers workforce and take 10% of the global space market course, accredited at degree level and developing by 2030. Shefali described what it is like to start your engineering leadership and management skills. career in a smaller company such as the opportunity With 2018 marking the 100th anniversary of the to get involved in different areas of the business, grow Royal Air Force, Flight Lieutenant Richard Smithson your career as the company develops, and witness and Warrant Offi cer Andy Rodulson of the RAF the impact of your contribution to the company’s Presentation team, provided an in-depth look at the growth. Shefali highlighted the variety that the space vast number of career opportunities offered by the air sector offers and, for those not seeking a traditional RAF – such as engineering, fl ying, logistics, air traffi c graduate scheme, the number of new space management and medicine, to name a few, with fast companies provides increasing opportunities for the

42 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 future, in engineering design and manufacture, as well ● Flight training costs as commercial and marketing areas. ● Scholarships and possible company sponsorships for tuition fees Flying ● Apprenticeship opportunities ● Working for an SME versus working for a large For those looking for pilot careers advice, Captain employer Marnie Munns (main image, fi rst page), commercial pilot with easyJet, gave frank insight into her career ● Transition from military to civil careers path and the opportunities the airline is currently The panel noted, that while there are only limited offering. Despite having both an undergraduate sponsored degree programmes now available, and Master’s qualifi cation in psychology, Marnie other options for students to support their studies emphasised that a degree is not a prerequisite for include doing an industrial sandwich placement entry onto pilot training schemes. Marnie provided year, which can sometimes lead to fi nal year support some useful stats for those weighing up university after successful completion of the placement, or study with direct pilot training. While taking an applying for the increasing number of higher and integrated pilot course is an expensive initial outlay, Top strip, left to right: The degree apprenticeships which many aerospace university routes are not far behind once tuition fees auditorium at the Ballantyne employers are currently developing in partnership and living costs are factored in and many pilot entry conference, Nick West with with universities and colleges. The RAeS also runs salaries are higher than graduate equivalents, helping competition winners, Q&A the Centennial Scholarship fund for support to to balance out the costs over the long term. The airline with the speakers, exiting the tuition fees while several organisations, including conference. is also developing a number of programmes to help HCAP and the Air League offer fl ying scholarships. Above, within main people enter the sector, such as through their Amy background picture: Shefali The discussions highlighted the many varied career Johnson Scholarships which aim to increase the Sharma, Oxford Space options now available but, in particular, to be open numbers of female pilots from the current 5% to 20%. Systems. minded, not to be afraid to ask questions and to remember that, with so many varied career options Audience participation and pathways, aerospace and aviation really does offer something for everyone. The audience were given the chance to put their aerospace and aviation skills to the test during the extended lunch break with a series of activities from Raytheon, REME and the RAeS designed to test Useful Links skills such as engineering, logical thinking, fl ying www.raytheon.co.uk aptitude and design ability. Prizes included a top of the www.da.mod.uk/Colleges-Business-Units/6th-Form-DTUS range quadcopter, courtesy of Raytheon. www.army.mod.uk/reme/reme.aspx The UK Space Agency and Embry-Riddle University were also on hand with more careers www.raf.mod.uk/recruitment/ advice and the lunch area was buzzing with questions www.oxfordspacesystems.com/ for the speakers and exhibitors. www.careers.easyjet.com/ To round up the event, the day ended with a Q&A www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-space-agency session for audience members to ask the speakers www.europe.erau.edu and exhibitors key careers-related questions. Popular www.careersinaerospace.com topics included:

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 43 Celebrate your Birthday in Style at 4 Hamilton Place

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Diary 3 July Amy Johnson Lecture Airbus is Politics with Wings on it Katherine Bennett OBE FRAeS, VP Public Affairs, Airbus

Airbus A400M dispensing chaff and fl ares. Airbus.

46 Message from RAeS 48 Book Reviews 56 Diary - President Coastal Patrol, British Secret Projects 5, Miles M.52 Find out when and where around the world the and Infi nity Beckoned. latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and “As I outlined in my Banquet speech, the use of, and events are happening. access to, space is growing exponentially and the increasing international commercial sources of such 51 Library Additions access are only likely to become more varied and Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. 58 Filton’s low-speed wind readily available over the coming decade.” tunnel - Chief Executive 52 2017 Annual Banquet The low-speed wind tunnel at Filton has completed 60 years of aerodynamics testing. “July will be a busy month for our Young Persons Over 500 guests from all sectors of the aerospace Network as they take responsibility for staffing the community attended this year’s RAeS Annual 59 YPN in the spotlight RAeS stand at the Royal International Air Tattoo Banquet. from 14-16 July and then hosting the International An update from the Young Persons Network. Air Cadet Exchange (IACE), sponsored by Lockheed Martin, at No.4 Hamilton Place on 21 July.” 54 New Corporate Partners 61 RAeS Council 2017-2018 Seven new companies join the Society’s Corporate Partner Scheme.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 45 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

ACM Sir Stephen Dalton As I write this commentary, the UK has made its in line with the greater access and use of space. General Election decision and the Government will International inter-government agreements will now turn its attention to its priorities for the coming be needed and new ways of working together in parliament. From the perspective of aerospace, the the continuum which is space, need to brokered focus will continue to be on setting the conditions and agreed as soon as practicable. I intend that for the highly successful and world-leading many of these critical areas will be addressed at aerospace industries to conduct business on a the President’s Conference on 21-22 November; stable basis and across international boundaries, more details will be available soon but if you would without unnecessary trade barriers or tariffs. While in like to contribute to the topics being addressed the UK, this will require all associated parties to work then please get in touch with Richard Nicholl, Head together to help shape the conditions and terms of Conferences, at No.4 Hamilton Place and the of the UK’s departure from formal membership conference team will work with you to include your of the EU, it will also require European and wider area of interest as much as is practicable. international focus on establishing the most effective I very much look forward to engaging with our global trade and regulatory framework to ensure as membership as I travel to many of our Branches smooth a transition as practicable; it is in nobody’s and Divisions over the coming year. Aerospace is, IN PARTICULAR, interest for there to be a signifi cant hiatus at a de facto, an international business and environment. THE critical time for the growing internationalisation of I hope to be able to refl ect that in my visits and ENGAGEMENT the global aerospace community or in the free-fl ow contacts over the coming 12 months. In particular, of international air travel. the engagement with young professionals, WITH YOUNG As I outlined in my Banquet speech, the use of, graduates, apprentices and students is at the top of PROFESSIONALS, and access to, space is growing exponentially and my list of priorities. In that light, I am very pleased GRADUATES, the increasing international commercial sources of to be able to welcome Daniel McKenna ARAeS APPRENTICES such access are only likely to become more varied and Luke Hamnett MEng(Hons) CEng MRAeS and readily available over the coming decade. Our as the fi rst two co-opted young persons on to the AND STUDENTS community needs to encourage all the relevant RAeS Council. We look forward to their energetic IS AT THE TOP agencies and organisations to move as speedily as contributions and to hearing their guidance as we OF MY LIST OF possible to ensure that the facilities, spaceports, seek to lead the Society in a way which will appeal launch co-ordination and recovery options, as well to those younger professionals as they start and PRIORITIES as the regulatory structures, are framed and agreed grow in their chosen careers.

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46 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore On behalf of the Society we extend our deepest change in the Presidential cycle at our 152nd condolences to the family of Air Cdre Jayne AGM with Sir Stephen Dalton FRAeS taking on Millington FRAeS who passed away recently. the Presidential role; Rear Adm Simon Henley Jayne was a very active member of the Society FRAeS as President-Elect; and Prof Chris Atkin participating in many activities and serving on CEng FRAeS as the Immediate Past President. Council and the Learned Society Board. During the recent election, Prof Richard Parker Prior to the UK General Election held on 8 CEng FRAeS resigned from Council and, in June, the Society launched its own ‘Manifesto’, accordance with the Society’s By-Law, we which identified five key aerospace and welcomed Mr Geoffrey Clarkson CEng FRAeS aviation priorities for the new Government. to Council. In addition, Mr Howard Nye FRAeS The Society urges the new government to do now serves the remainder of Rear Adm Simon everything necessary to keep the UK globally Henley’s term as he now holds an ex officio post. connected, competitive and secure ahead of The full list of the Council is included on Brexit and beyond by maximising the value p 61 and listed here: www.aerosociety.com/ of aerospace and aviation to the nation. The about-us/governance/council/. Society manifesto – Keeping the UK connected Mr Martin Broadhurst FRAeS concluded his and secure – consolidates the messages and term on the Presidential cycle and, following recommendations from our recent papers and Martin’s re-election to Council, he takes on the thinking and calls on the next Government to: new role as Chair of the Board of Trustees, 1. Support global connectivity; 2. Provide flexible which was agreed by the Trustees at its June air power capability; 3. Harness the potential meeting. of new technology; 4. Nurture future talent; July will be a busy month for our Young Persons and 5. Maximise national economic value. Our Network as they take responsibility for staffing manifesto was submitted to party manifesto the RAeS stand at the Royal International drafting teams and circulated among the Air Tattoo from 14-16 July and then hosting press and opinion formers to stimulate debate the International Air Cadet Exchange (IACE), throughout the campaign. sponsored by Lockheed Martin, at No.4 www.aerosociety.com/manifesto Hamilton Place on 21 July. After releasing classic interviews with US Looking ahead, the Young Person’s Conference test pilots such as Chuck Yeager and Scott will take place on 6 September, sponsored by PRIOR TO THE Crossfield, the National Aerospace Library has Willis Lease Finance. The main topics will focus UK GENERAL brought the interviews back to the UK. As well on the design, manufacturing and operational ELECTION HELD as an interview with legendary test pilot Capt technologies that change the way we work in Eric ‘Winkle’ Brown HonFRAeS, there is an the future, such as the use of Virtual Reality ON 8 JUNE, interview with Handel Davies who was a prime (VR) and Additive Manufacturing (AM). Speaker THE SOCIETY mover in many of the UK’s leading aircraft sessions and interactive ‘hands on’ workshops LAUNCHED designs and WW2 Hawker test pilot Bill Humble. throughout the day will introduce delegates to ITS OWN Hear them and more via new technologies and ways of working that will www.aerosociety.com/podcasts enhance their future careers. Please attend or ‘MANIFESTO’ As mentioned in the last issue – we saw the encourage your young staff members to attend.

PARIS BRANCH LINDBERGH LECTURE On 23 May, Jan Woerner, ESA Director General, gave an inspirational Charles Lindbergh Lecture, ‘United Space in Europe’, to the Paris Branch. The highlight of the evening had to be an ESA analysis of the harmonics of a distant star system where seven planets orbit a star at irregular periods. Taking this data, and multiplying it many thousands of times, the harmonics were transformed into sound. As he layered each harmonic into the animation the sound built into a recognisable theme and we really had the impression that the planets were playing music. Holst would have been very impressed!

From left: David Cook, President of the Paris Branch; Jan Woerner, ESA Director General, and Howard Nye, Paris Branch Secretary/Events Manager, member of Space Group and newly-elected member of RAeS Council.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 47 Afterburner Book Reviews COASTAL PATROL

Royal Naval Airship Operations during the Great War 1914-1918 By B Turpin

Fonthill Media Limited, Millview House, Toadsmoor Road, Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. 2016. 287pp. Illustrated. £30. ISBN 978-1-78155-527-9.

With the inclusion of much technical information and many widely sourced excellent photographs this book will give a wider appreciation of the bravery and dedication of offi cers and men of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). Brian Turpin is to be congratulated in gaining access to these accounts written by the young men involved, a number of whom went on to achieve higher rank in the service. There is a brief history of the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers through to the formation of the Royal Flying Corps and the development of the non-rigid airship at Farnborough. Eventually, with its range and endurance seen to be of greater use to the Navy than the Army, all airships were handed over to the fl edgling RNAS in 1914. These then convoy, able to spot a are the records of either Midshipmen ‘volunteered’ periscope or tell-tale oil from the Grand Fleet, or just boys fresh from school, slicks while in wireless none of whom had experience of fl ying or any contact with escorting idea of the hazards ahead of them. They contain warships virtually both humour and tragedy, verge at times on ‘Boys guaranteed safety for Own’ adventures, and will be read with increasing these ships and saw a admiration for the bravery and skill, not to mention steady reduction in their luck of these young men as they struggled to gain losses. some mastery of the air. Long patrols in an Training began with lectures on the properties of open cockpit coping with poor weather and often Top: An SS airship over the gases, then free ballooning gave a little experience reduced visibility meant crews had a constant harbour near the Dardanelles. Above: SSZ59 lands on the of wind and weather conditions and the hazards struggle to keep warm and alert with eye strain involved in landing. On progressing to an airship deck of HMS Furious. a frequent problem. The steady expansion of the RAeS (NAL). training was by practical example, with some short service saw development from the 1915 SS class fl ights to demonstrate the approved method of to the 1916 Coastal, followed by the improved Zero control before being sent off to hone one’s skills on with its boat-like control car and the rear-mounted the job. An offi cial handbook was not published until engine giving some relief from noise and wind. 1917. Eventually the much larger North Sea class with all The complexity of control of an airship, enclosed control car and more powerful engines maintaining pressure and trim, coping with variable gave increased manoeuvrability and range, as well reliability of engines and wireless, not to mention as the option to heat food on the engines, a great the weather ensured all concerned were on a steep advance over the biscuits and chocolate provided in learning curve. earlier craft. Following the declaration by Germany of This well written and thoroughly engrossing This well unrestricted U-boat warfare, there was an book is the result of many years’ research and written and urgent need for increased pilot training and the contact by the author with some of the few development of an improved, larger airship, the remaining RNAS pilots and ground crew who thoroughly Coastal Class. The increasing number of bases shared their experiences in conversation and as engrossing and mooring-out sites enabled coastal patrols to recorded in log books, personal papers and many book is the tackle the task of reducing the enormous amount photographs. result of many of shipping lost to the U-boat. The presence of an armed airship able to maintain station above a Rob Perry year’s research

48 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 BRITISH SECRET PROJECTS 5

Britain’s Space Shuttle upper atmosphere, a re-usable space launch vehicle By D Sharp and a manned space vehicle. EE quickly concluded that the problems associated with aircraft speeds of Mach 4 to 5 or above at the time precluded a Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway Trading Estate, practical long range, high speed aircraft and thus Shawdowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH, UK. concentrated on the launch vehicle aspect. 2016. 261pp. Illustrated. £27.50. ISBN 978-1- This book takes you through the work of the EE 91080-902-0. group on hypersonic aircraft designs and drawings Britain’s Space Shuttle from the 1950s onwards culminating with the paper is the story of the paper studies on MUSTARD. This was a vertical take-off, studies for a fully re-useable space launch vehicle rocket powered three-element launch vehicle, two – Multi-Unit Space Transport and Recoverably of which would peel away at high altitude leaving Device (MUSTARD) – carried out by the former the third to continue into space. Each element was English Electric group at Warton near Preston This book takes a winged lifting body design based in many ways on during the 1960s and 1970s. English Electric US designs and would return to Earth at the end of Aviation Ltd (EE), known for its successful Canberra you through the mission. and Lightning aircraft, had joined with Vickers- the work of The book is highly recommended. It is Armstrongs and Bristol Aircraft to become the the EE group encyclopaedic in content covering, as well as British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1960 and the MUSTARD, the infl uence of US projects on the Warton branch became known as BAC Preston. on hypersonic concepts and contains reproductions of numerous In the 1950s the British Government began aircraft designs design drawings of early EE hypersonic and high sponsoring studies of hypersonic technologies and drawings speed aircraft studies as well as quotes from the for aircraft and space launch vehicles and EE had from the 1950s various progress meetings. The author has diligently produced a number of designs for high-speed searched the archival material and consulted many aircraft – civil and military. Then, in 1963, two study onwards of those who worked on the projects. contracts were awarded – worth £45,000 each – to culminating MUSTARD in the end – as with numerous the two aerospace conglomerates BAC and HSA with the paper British advanced aerospace projects – remained a [Hawker Siddeley Aviation]. The terms gave four studies on paper study. ideas of what the missions might be: bomber or transport aircraft, a spacecraft to skip through the MUSTARD John Becklake

MILES M.52

Britain’s Top Secret lack of any pertinent records from Power Jets or RAE sources leaves a trail of question marks. Supersonic Research Aircraft An outstanding desire has been to know how By T Buttler advanced was construction when it was cancelled, The book is as and there is new insight through excellent Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway Trading Estate, complete as all photographs of factory jigs but there is still no Shawdowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH, UK. known data will certainty of these jigs having yielded a complete 2016. 156pp. Illustrated. £24.95. ISBN 978-1- airframe. Without evidence that work on structural 91080-904-4. permit, and it integrity was ever completed and verifi ed, signifi cant is excellently doubt has to be attached to the oft quoted case that Previous accounts have relied on National Archive produced and fi rst fl ight was imminent. Nothing of any signifi cance and ex-Miles employees fi les and this book is no has come from the fi les of the ultimate stakeholder’s exception, which means that it cannot offer any illustrated. representatives and, until such sources come to light, signifi cant new insight into the real secrets that However, like there is little to add that has not been said before. need to be unearthed to make a full and balanced so many secret The author deserves credit for avoiding giving history of this project. projects, this risky attribution in favour of hope alone but this There is a thorough review of Miles’s chief work adds little. The book is as complete as all aerodynamicist Dennis Bancroft’s M52 fi les and a one almost known data will permit, and it is excellently produced re-examination of the Vickers rocket-powered model certainly took and illustrated. However, like so many secret data but it still does not deliver an assurance that many of its own projects, this one almost certainly took many of its the full-scale aircraft would have met the thrust and secrets with it own secrets with it on cancellation. mass targets that were necessary. In both of these respects the objectives were very ambitious and the on cancellation Mike Hirst

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 49 Afterburner Book Reviews INFINITY BECKONED Adventuring Through the Inner Solar System, 1969-1989 By J Gallentine

University of Nebraska Press, 1111 Lincoln Mall, Lincoln NE 68588-0630, USA. 2016. Distributed by Combined Academic Publishers Ltd, Windsor House, Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, UK. 496pp. Illustrated. £25.99. [25% discount available to RAeS members via www.combinedacademic. co.uk using CS314FLIGHT promotion code]. ISBN 978-0-8032-3446-8.

There are many for whom the subject of space exploration is both a little mysterious and esoteric, at best, or a waste of money and an emotionally- defi cient parade of technologies (often classifi ed under the ‘Boys Toys’ moniker) at worst. Jay Gallentine’s accessible romp through the golden age of pioneering planetary exploration may just change some of those doubting minds. The American and Soviet robotic missions to the Moon, Venus and Mars (and a comet) over three decades from the late 1950s were in reality explorations of the human condition: its imagination, enthusiasm, ingenuity, dedication, frustration and success. They were also tales of social organisation; how we go about getting things done in teams and institutions. Take the story of the Soviet Lunokhod lunar rovers. Once Chief Designer Sergei Korolev had decreed one would be built and sent to the Moon the question was: how should it move? Caterpillar tracks, wheels, ‘ski-shaped feet’? He approached designers at the Institute for Tractor and Agricultural Machinery Building. They Gallentine’s light looked into it, built a mock-up and then said – no, can’t be done. Korolev tried his luck with the and irreverent Top: Apollo 12 astronaut Charles Conrad examines Surveyor 3 on the Ocean of Storms on 20 November 1969. The Lunar All-Union Scientifi c Research Institute No. 100, touch can Module Intrepid is in the background. Surveyor 3 had soft-landed a military plant developing new types of battle sometimes on the Moon on 19 April 1967. NASA. tank. Specifi cally, Korolev talked to the Institute’s jar but his Above: Model of the Lunokhod rover in the public Galaxy center Department of New Principles of Movement where in Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi. Sergei Kazantsev. Izrael Rozentsveyg and Alexander Kemurdzhian rigorously were aiming to ‘synthesise tanks with hovercraft researched – capable of overcoming water bodies, wetlands, account soft bottoms’. But still the tracks or wheel question couldn’t be resolved. Finally, the vote went to reinforces the wheels; eight of them, individually powered (by just ultimate paradox a few watts of solar energy) and designed to cast of space account reinforces the ultimate paradox of space off if any one jammed in a lunar crevice. In 1970 exploration exploration which is, in reality, an exploration of our Lunokhod 1 rolled off its lander and, over the next world and who we are. few months, clocked 10 kilometres on the Moon’s which is, in ‘Sea of Rains’, controlled remotely by a handful of reality, an Doug Millard operators more than 400,000 kilometres away on exploration of Deputy Keeper Technologies & Engineering Earth. our world and Chief Curator Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age Gallentine’s light and irreverent touch can (2015) sometimes jar but his rigorously researched who we are Science Museum

50 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Library Additions BOOKS

GENERAL a welcome expanded and Yugoslavia and the Soviet 898pp. Illustrated. £180. ISBN years in space (following its updated paperback edition of Union. 978-3-319-13926-5. original launch on 15 October IHS Jane’s All the World’s this very detailed day-by-day 1997), was planned to burn up Aircraft: Development & account (including British Pathfi nder Cranswick: the in Saturn’s atmosphere in the Production 2017-2018. and French casualties) of the RAF Bomber Command summer of 2017. Edited by P Jackson et al. air operations of one of the Pilot Who Flew the Most IHS Global Limited, Sentinel most pivotal months of WW1, Bombing Operations in The Space Environment House, 163 Brighton Road, originally published in 1995 as the Second World War. and its Effect on Space Coulsdon, Surrey CR5 2YH, the fi rst half of the title Bloody M Cumming. Fighting High Systems – Second edition. UK. 2016. 1046pp. Illustrated. April ... Black September. Ltd, Hutchin. 2008. 238pp. V L Pisacane. American £870. ISBN 978-0-7106- Illustrated. ISBN 978-0- Institute of Aeronautics 3250-0. 9562696-7-6. and Astronautics, Reston, Completely revised and Originally published VA. 2016. Distributed by incorporating 1,521 new in 1962, an updated and Transatlantic Publishers photographs, the latest edition expended edition of a leading Group, 97 Greenham Road, of this key reference work Bomber Command pilot and London N10 1LN, UK. 926pp. for the aerospace industry his experiences during WW2, Illustrated. £110. [20% recording all the major current who was to eventually die in discount available to RAeS civil and military aircraft July 1944 while undertaking members on request; E mark. programmes (882 produced by his 107th operational mission [email protected] T +44 548 companies) with detailed fl ying the Avro Lancaster Mk III (0)20 8815 5994]. ISBN 978- data summaries. The volume ND846 TL ‘J-Johnnie’. Includes How to Make a Spaceship: 1-62410-353-7. – which is alphabetically Foreword by Air Vice-Marshal a Band of Renegades, an arranged by country and D C T Bennett. Epic Race and the Birth STRUCTURES AND illustrated throughout with of Private Spacefl ight. MATERIALS colour photographs and line René Fonck 1894-1953: J Guthrie. Bantam Press, arrangement diagrams – “As des As” et Visionnaire Transworld Publishers, 61-63 Composite Materials for concludes with overview tables – Second edition. C Perrin. Les Uxbridge Road, London W5 Aircraft Structures – Third summarising air-launched éditions de l’Offi cine, Paris. 5SA, UK. 2016. 449pp. edition. Edited by A A Baker missiles, aero-engines, auxiliary Airpower Applied: US, 2002. 362pp. Illustrated. ISBN Illustrated. £20. ISBN 978- and M L Scott. American power units (APUs), propellers, NATO and Israeli Combat 2-914614-11-X. 0593-07828-0. Institute of Aeronautics aircraft fl oats and emergency Experience. Edited by J A A biography of the A biography of Peter and Astronautics, Reston, parachute systems. Olsen. Naval Institute Press, leading French fi ghter ace pilot Diamandis and story of the VA. 2016. Distributed by 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, of WW1. $10m ‘X-Prize’ he founded Transatlantic Publishers PROPULSION MD 21402, USA. 2017. to inspire the development Group, 97 Greenham Road, Distributed by Eurospan Group, When the Navy Took to a new generation of London N10 1LN, UK. 698pp. Collection of brochures 3 Henrietta Street, London the Air: the Experimental private passenger-carrying Illustrated. £120. [20% for Wolseley A.R.7/ WC2E 8LU, UK. 413pp. Seaplane Stations of the spaceships, a competition discount available to RAeS A.R.9/Aquarius Mark I £47.50. ISBN 978-1-68247- Royal Naval Air Service. that was ultimately won members on request; E mark. 7-Cylinder/Aries Mark 075-6. P MacDougall. Fonthill Media by the Scaled Composites [email protected] T +44 III/Scorpio Mark I Aero A compilation of detailed Limited, Millview House, SpaceShipOne. (0)20 8815 5994]. ISBN 978- Engines. Wolseley Motors essays – ‘America as a Toadsmoor Road, Stroud 1-62410-326-1. (1927) Limited/Wolseley Military Aerospace Nation’ GL5 2TB, UK. 2017. 174pp. Flexible Spacecraft Motors Ltd. Birmingham. (R P Hallion), ‘America and Illustrated. £18.99. ISBN 978- Dynamics, Control and UNMANNED AERIAL c.1933-1935. 16pp.-20pp. NATO Airpower Applied’ (B 1-78155-572-9. Guidance: Technologies VEHICLES Illustrated. (Five items) S Lambeth), ‘Modelling Air by Giovanni Campolo. Power: the Arab-Israeli Wars SPACE L Mazzini. Springer. 2017. Civil and Commercial ROTORCRAFT of the Twentieth Century’ 363pp. Illustrated. £97. ISBN Unmanned Aircraft (A Stephens), ‘The Israeli 978-3-319-25538-5. Systems. J Gundlach. Practical Methods for Air Forces and Asymmetric American Institute of Aircraft and Rotorcraft Confl icts, 1982-2014’ (R NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini- Aeronautics and Astronautics, Flight Control Design: Rudnik and E Segoli) and Huygens 1997-2017 Reston, VA. 2016. Distributed an Optimization-Based ‘The Airpower Profession’ (J A (Cassini orbiter, Huygens by Transatlantic Publishers Approach. M B Tischler Warden) – review the evolution probe and future Group, 97 Greenham Road, et al. American Institute of of military air forces in the US exploration concepts): London N10 1LN, UK. 474pp. Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Israel and how operational an insight into the Illustrated. £97. [20% discount Reston, VA. 2017. Distributed airpower has been used to technology, mission available to RAeS members by Transatlantic Publishers secure international strategic planning and operation on request; E mark.chaloner@ Group, 97 Greenham Road, and political objectives. of spacecraft to study tpgltd.co.uk T +44 (0)20 8815 London N10 1LN, UK. 721pp. Saturn’s moon, Titan and 5994]. ISBN 978-1-62410- Illustrated. £121. [20% Messerschmitt Bf 109. the Saturnian system. 354-4. discount available to RAeS E R Peczkowski. Published by Owner’s Workshop Manual members on request; E mark. Stratus, Poland, on behalf of series. R Lorenz. Haynes Unmanned Aircraft [email protected] T +44 Mushroom Model Publications, Publishing, Sparkford, Yeovil, Systems. Encyclopedia of (0)20 8815 5994] ISBN 978- 3 Gloucester Close, Somerset BA22 7JJ, UK. Aerospace Engineering series. 1-62410-443-5. Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, 2017. 196pp. Illustrated. £25. E Atkins et al. John Wiley and UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). Conceptual Shape ISBN 978-1-78521-111-9. Sons, The Atrium, Southern SERVICE AVIATION 2017. 144pp. Illustrated. £19. Optimization of Entry Numerous colour Gate, Chichester, West Sussex ISBN 978-83-65281-30-2. Vehicles: Applied to photographs and other PO19 8SQ, UK. 2016. 710pp. Bloody April 1917: an Numerous photographs, Capsules and Winged diagrams illustrate this Illustrated. £190. ISBN 978-1- Exciting Detailed Analysis colour diagrams and other Fuselage Vehicles. D Dirkx detailed history of the design 118-86645-0. of one of the Deadliest illustrations illustrate this and E Mooij. Springer. 2017. and development of the Months in the Air in WWI. pictorial survey of the major 280pp. Illustrated. £86. ISBN instrumentation and systems For further information N Franks et al. Grub Street, German single-seat fi ghter of 978-3-319-46054-3. used on the Huygens space contact the National 4 Rainham Close, London WW2, also known as the Me probe which, on 14 January Aerospace Library. SW11 6SS, UK. 2017. 184pp. 109, including a survey of how Aerodynamic and 2005, successfully descended T +44 (0)1252 701038 Illustrated. £15. ISBN 978-1- the E variant (Emil) was used Aerothermodynamic by parachute to the frozen or 701060 910-69-0. by the air forces of Bulgaria, Analysis of Space Mission surface of Titan (one of the Incorporating a number of Hungary, Japan, Romania, Vehicles. A Viviani and G 62 moons of Saturn) and the E hublibrary@aerosoci- new photograph illustrations, Spain, Switzerland, Slovakia, Pezzella. Springer. 2015. Cassini orbiter which, after 20 ety.com

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 51 Afterburner Society News 2017 ANNUAL BANQUET New RAeS President wants space technology on the agenda

Hosted on Thursday 11 May at the InterContinental London Park Lane, the Royal Aeronautical Society 2017 Banquet event provided an excellent opportunity for relaxed networking at a prestigious social occasion. This event was hosted by the Society’s new President, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton FRAeS, with Sir Martin Sweeting HonFRAeS, Group Executive Chairman of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, as the principal guest and after-dinner speaker. In his after-dinner speech Sir Martin Sweeting delivered a fascinating account of the rapid developments in space technology since the UK pioneered the radically new ‘micro’ satellite in the early 1980s. Looking to the future, he spoke about some of the exciting developments that are Above: The Society’s new set to impact global space applications, including President, ACM Sir Stephen mega constellations of small satellites; robotic Dalton, with the top table guests. manufacturing techniques and 3D printing. “Space Left: Guest of Honour Sir in the UK has been rather a well-kept secret” said Martin Sweeting OBE Sir Martin Sweeting “we have a thriving space HonFRAeS gives the after- industry and a strong academic community and dinner speech. both punch above their weight internationally…. As demonstrated by the ESA Rosetta comet lander and the mission of Tim Peake to the ISS, space has the ability to fi re the imagination of the young and not- so-young alike to take an interest in technology, its uses and our place in the universe.” It was especially fi tting to hear from a leading pioneer in satellite technology, in a year when innovation in space technology and the must-attend highlight for many in the industry. advancement of the UK space industry is high on Attended by over 500 guests from all sectors of the the agenda set for the Society by its new President, aerospace and aviation community, it provides the Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton. In his own opportunity to network with existing contacts and after-dinner speech, Sir Stephen Dalton spoke forge new connections within the industry. about the impact of space exploration and satellite The Society will be returning to the technology on the general public as well as our InterContinental London Park Lane for next year’s armed forces. He went on to suggest that the UK Annual Banquet, which will be held on Thursday could boost its global space market share and 10 May 2018. Further details will be posted on WE HAVE A economic growth by building a spaceport that offers the RAeS website over the coming weeks and sovereign satellite launch capability. This in turn if you have any queries, please email gail.ward@ THRIVING SPACE would also support leading-edge scientifi c research, aerosociety.com. INDUSTRY AND development and innovation. Full transcripts of the after-dinner speeches at The Royal Aeronautical Society is grateful to the 2017 event are available to download on the A STRONG AlixPartners for supporting the Annual Banquet. Society’s website – please visit: ACADEMIC AlixPartners is a leading global business advisory www.aerosociety.com/banquet COMMUNITY fi rm offering clients small teams of highly qualifi ed The Royal Aeronautical Society 2017 Banquet experts with profound sector and operational insight, was supported by: AND BOTH and helping companies to compete and adapt fast PUNCH ABOVE in the face of complex challenges. THEIR WEIGHT The Annual Banquet is an established occasion in the aerospace calendar and has become a INTERNATIONALLY

52 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 visit us at the airshows this summer

We will be attending Yeovilton Air Day and The Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford Members can take advantage of our special offers:

Buy tickets for Yeovilton at a discounted rate using the code TPMKT17 when purchasing tickets online. Find us in STEM Hangar 8.

For RIAT, use promotional code RAS2017 at the checkout when purchasing tickets online for an exclusive offer to the VIP Aviation Club. Find us in the Techno Zone.

Get in touch: email [email protected] or call us on 020 7670 4384/ 4400

AEROSPACE GOLF DAY FOR INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS

FRILFORD HEATH GOLF CLUB, OXFORDSHIRE / WEDNESDAY 5 JULY 2017 18 hole texas scramble Join us at our 2017 Golf Day for some competition healthy competition with fellow golfers in the aviation community.

9 hole stableford points This event is ideal for networking in a competition relaxed and informal setting. Enter a corporate 4-ball team or opt Individual and corporate to be teamed up with other individual team prizes players.

For further details please apply to: Lunch, refreshments and Gail Ward afternoon tea Events Manager – Corporate and Society Royal Aeronautical Society Optional ‘social supper’ on T +44 (0)1491 629912 4 July 2017 E [email protected] Afterburner Corporate Partners

NEW PARTNERS

The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to THE AIM OF THE welcome the following Corporate Partners. CORPORATE PARTNER SCHEME IS TO BRING TOGETHER LONDON OXFORD AIRPORT ORGANISATIONS The Terminal, Oxford Airport, Langford Lane, WELSH GOVERNMENT Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1RA, UK TO PROMOTE Cathays Park 2, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NQ, T +44 (0)1865 290710 BEST PRACTICE UK T +44 (0)2920 82 3650 E [email protected] WITHIN THE W www.londonoxfordairport.com E [email protected] Contact INTERNATIONAL W https://businesswales.gov.wales/ James Dillon-Godfray, Business Development AEROSPACE advancedmaterialsandmanufacturing Director Contact SECTOR Phil Catherwood, Senior Strategy Manager London Oxford Airport is one of the UK’s primary business and general aviation airports, located The aerospace industry in Wales is a cornerstone an hour north west of London and seven miles of UK aerospace and defence operations and is from Oxford city. Historically host to Europe’s home to fi ve of the top ten aerospace companies largest pilot training academy (currently CAE globally; Airbus, GE, Raytheon, BAE Systems and OAA), the airport today also sees some 6,000 Safran. There are over 150 companies in Wales business aviation moveents a year and a further serving the sector, employing over 20,000 people 6,000 helicopter movements, mainly with Airbus in both design and manufacturing of structures Helicopters whose UK HQ is at the airport. The and interiors, systems and MRO, with strategic airport has evolved in the past decade to be one Aerospace Enterprise Zones in North, Mid and of the UK’s primary hubs for aviation support and South Wales. There are eight universities and many services to the pilot training, business aviation and more FE institutions providing world-class education broader general aviation sectors. and training, R&D and expertise. The sector is represented by the Aerospace Wales Forum.

FORMAPLEX Special Projects Division, Unit A1, Hazleton Interchange, Horndean, Hampshire PO8 9JU, UK GLOBAL TREK AVIATION LIMITED T +44 (0)2392 313100 8 Dow Road, International Aerospace Park, E [email protected] Monkton, Ayrshire KA9 2TU, UK W www.formaplex.com T +44 (0)1292 476737 Contact E [email protected] Ken Doig, Business Development (Aerospace & W www.globaltrekaviation.com Defence) Contact Formaplex is a dynamic manufacturing group David McColm, Managing Director specialising in the manufacture of lightweight Global Trek Aviation is a full service FBO (Fixed composite and thermoplastic component Based Operator) providing aircraft ground handling solutions. Utilising innovative processes and and aircraft refuelling services at Belfast state-of-the-art technologies, we deliver cost International Airport. effective, superior tooling and component The company has at its core a professional and solutions to customers across many sectors. Be highly dedicated team. All Line Service personnel it rapid prototype, or mass production, we have are NATA Safety 1st trained and certifi ed in addition grown our reputation on rapid response and to having completed comprehensive company high quality product, delivered on time and in full. training on all areas of the operation to ensure Located on four sites in and around Portsmouth, safety and customer service is a number one priority. it is our combination of the right people, with Contact: Global Trek Aviation can support all sizes and types the right attitudes and the right technology Simon Levy of civilian and military aircraft, from supporting air which underpins our solutions and ultimately the Head of Business Development mobility missions, to rolling out the red carpet for the success of our customers. E [email protected] most demanding VIP Corporate Jet customers. T +44 (0)20 7670 4346

54 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 EVENTS

Please note: Attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Both individual and corporate members are welcome at Named Lectures and the Aerospace Golf Day.

Monday 3 July 2017 / London ABU DHABI UNIVERSITY Amy Johnson Lecture: Airbus is Politics with Wings on it Khalifa City B, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Named Lecture by Katherine Bennett OBE FRAeS, Senior Vice President T +971 2 501 5555 Public Affairs, Airbus W www.adu.ac.ae Contact Wednesday 5 July 2017 / Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire Gerhard Huettig, Chair of Aviation Aerospace Golf Day

Abu Dhabi University (ADU) is a private, multi- Tuesday 18 July 2017 / London campus university dedicated to meeting the needs Sopwith Named Lecture for educational opportunities in the United Arab Named Lecture by Tony Wood FRAeS, Chief Operating Offi cer, Meggitt PLC Emirates and neighbouring countries. ADU is internationally accredited by the WASC Senior Monday 2 October 2017 / London College and University Commission (WSCUC) Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Christine Ourmières-Widener, in the USA. The university seeks and capitalises Chief Executive Offi cer, Flybe upon opportunities to co-operate with peer institutions worldwide; and applies state-of-the- www.aerosociety.com/events art learning technologies in modern facilities. For further information, please contact Gail Ward The Aviation Department within the College of E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912 Engineering has currently about 450 students and is expanding its academic spectrum. Presently the vast majority of students are in the BSc Aviation programme. ADU also offers an MBA with a Concentration in Aviation Management. The programme is built on the University’s strategic partnership with Etihad Airways.

TCS HOLDINGS (PRIVATE) LIMITED THE JET BUSINESS 101 Civil Aviation Club Road, Karachi 75202, London, UK Pakistan T +44 (0)845 521 5555 T +92 21 9924 2881 E [email protected] E [email protected] W www.thejetbusiness.com W www.tcs.com.pk Contact Contact Steven Varsano, Managing Director S I A Alvi, Vice President – Corporate The Jet Business is the world’s fi rst and only street-level corporate aviation TCS Holdings (Private) Limited, Pakistan, owns showroom for the marketing and acquisition of corporate jet aircraft. We the country’s largest logistics services through represent our clients throughout the aircraft transaction process, offering the seven companies in the fi elds of courier, most up to date product information, global market data, extensive industry warehousing & distribution, air and sea freight, relationships and unrivalled world-class expertise. trucking, travel & Visa services and E-commerce. The Jet Business provides global 24 hour access to a network of the TCS touches close to a million customers a most qualifi ed team of staff sourced to suit specifi c requirements including day either at their doorstep or through its 900 principals, pilots, lawyers, fl ight attendants, interior designers and aircraft retail outlets across the country. management. We have simplifi ed the corporate jet sales experience and TCS has a strategic partnership with the set the defi nitive standard in aviation luxury, hospitality and information global delivery giant, UPS which gives each technology. company access to their delivery network. We understand our clients and appreciate how important their time is. Our A Pakistani enterprise with 34 years track company is designed to be completely fl exible, available across every time record, TCS’s early years are subject of a Harvard zone and meeting at any destination across the globe. We are dedicated to Business School Case study included in several providing the most current and unbiased market advice, a trusted guide to text books on Business and Entrepreneurship. what is available in the market.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 55 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

3 July Amy Johnson Lecture: Airbus is politics with wings on it Katherine Bennett, Senior VP Public Affairs, Airbus Women in Aviation and Aerospace Committee Named Lecture

5 July Aerospace Golf Day Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire Airbus Helicopters

5-6 July Helicopter Operations in an Increasingly Complex Environment Rotorcraft Group Conference

5 July Urban Air Mobility by Airbus, an Innovation Challenge Jean-Brice Dumont, EVP Engineering, Airbus Helicopters A Royal Australian Air Force Boeing E-7A Wedgetail airborne command and control aircraft from the Rotorcraft Group Lecture Air Task Group. Darren Edwards will describe Boeing Defence in Australia at the Adelaide Branch on 4 July. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence. 11-12 July Excellence in Aerospace Exhibition and Conference Two-day Conference

18 July Sopwith Lecture ADELAIDE as a bush pilot in Australia’s Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Tony Wood, Chief Operating Offi cer, Meggitt University of South Australia, Northern Territories. Paul 7.30pm. Alan Matthews, Named Lecture Building MM 1-05, Mawson Catanatch. T +44 (0)1995 61470. Lakes Boulevard, Mawson 20 September — Warton/ 5 September Lakes, SA 5095. 5.30pm. CRANWELL Preston/Samlesbury history in Increasing Effi ciency & Reducing Cost within the Aircraft 4 July — Boeing Defence Daedalus Offi cers’ Mess, RAF photographs. Dave Ward, ex- Maintenance Process using New Technology and Innovative Australia in Adelaide. Darren Cranwell. 7.30pm. BAE Systems, BAE Systems Solutions Edwards, VP and MD, Boeing 10 July — The combined Heritage Group. Airworthiness & Maintenance Group Conference Defence Australia. bomber offensive: mythology 29 August — Air Warfare versus policy. Gp Capt (Retd) QUEENSLAND 6 September Engineering Squadron Chris Finn. Brisbane Convention & The Future Aerospace Workplace capabilities. Capt Exhibition Centre, Merivale Young Person’s Conference Michael Fairbanks-Smith, MELBOURNE Street, South Brisbane, QLD Aeromechanical Design Engineers Australia, Level 31, 410. 7pm. 7 September Engineer, Australian Army. 600 Bourke, Melbourne, Vic 19 July — Sir Hudson The Evolution of General Aviation and Light Aircraft – From 3000. 6.30pm. Fysh Dinner. Brisbane West Wellcamp Airport – the story Moth to eGo BEDFORD 19 July — Australia’s behind the success to date Dr Ronald Smith, Aeronautical Engineer and Author ARA Social Club, Manton contribution to the design and the plans for the future. Historical Group Lecture Lane, Bedford. 7pm. Marylyn of the Joint Strike Fighter Wood, T +44 (0)1933 (F-35) – the forgotten story of John Wagner, Director, 14 September 353517. GKN Aerospace Engineering Wagners and Brisbane West 13 September — Wellcamp Airport developer. Flight Test Group Lecture Special Services. Alan Cassidy, former Ops Liberators – 223 Head of Engineering, GKN Simon Davies, Experimental Test Pilot, Hybrid Air Vehicles WELLINGTON Flight Test Group Lecture Squadron 100 Group and Aerospace Engineering the electric warfare. Dr Steve Services, Australia. 27 July — RNZAF Iroquois. Paul Harrison. 26-27 September Bond. Maintaining Pilot Recruitment and Training Standards – A OXFORD BROUGH Magdalen Centre, Oxford Growing Challenge as Demand Outstrips Supply Cottingham Parks Golf Club. Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. International Flight Crew Training Conference 2017 7.30pm. Ben Groves, T +44 Nigel Randall, E oaktree. 28 September (0)1482 663938. [email protected] 13 September — The Future 18 July — Airlander Harold Caplan Lecture of Hawk. Chris Clarkson, development. Andy Barton, Ambassador Lorne S Clark, Executive Partner and Head of the Engineering Director, Military Hybrid Air Vehicles. European Offi ce of Nexxt Steps International Consulting Air & Information, BAE 19 September — Out with Air Law Group Named Lecture Systems. a bang. Simon Eden, Principal Copy date Reliability & Maintainability for the next issue All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. CARDIFF Engineer, Martin-Baker Aircraft. of AEROSPACE is Conference proceedings are available at Venue TBC. 7pm. 3 July. www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings E [email protected] PRESTON 20 September — Flying Personnel and Conference

56 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Society News OXFORD BRANCH detailed and thoroughly researched biography James Sadler gets of James Sadler. Mark is a master of his subject and delivered an entertaining and engaging wider recognition talk not only about the ballooning career of the man but also touching on the ‘town and gown’ prejudice he encountered from Oxford University, in Oxford his achievements as a notable engineer, inventor and scientist, and his second career as chemist to the Navy during his 25-year sabbatical from The ballooning exploits of James Sadler, the fi rst ballooning. The Sadler theme was reinforced by the English aeronaut, are commemorated by the RAeS event being held in Oxford Science Park’s Sadler Oxford Branch’s annual named lecture and dinner Building! but the remarkable achievements of this man rarely The Branch was delighted that Professor Chris MARK IS A gain the recognition they so richly deserve. Indeed, Atkin was able to join 50 members and guests at MASTER OF HIS he is remembered as much for his origins as a the event – in what will have been one of his fi nal SUBJECT AND pastry cook in the family’s Oxford business as for his engagements as RAeS President. pioneering fi rst fl ight in 1784. However, his name The Oxford Branch also raised the public profi le DELIVERED AN and legacy could hardly have been more prominent of James Sadler by unveiling a RAeS Heritage ENTERTAINING than it was at this year’s Sadler Lecture and Dinner Plaque, generously sponsored by Airbus Helicopters AND ENGAGING held on 28 April. (UK), in Oxford Town Hall on 4 October last year Our guest speaker was Mark Davies, a local (see November issue, p 57) – the anniversary of his TALK historian and author of King of All Balloons, a fi rst balloon ascent.

TRUSTEE TALK I am delighted to take over from Phil Boyle as your forward which I am sure will progress under its new new Chair of the Board of Trustees. leadership. Firstly, I would pay tribute to Phil for his fantastic EUR ING Athos Ritsperis CITP CSci CMath CL work in defi ning the role of the BoT and ensuring CEng FRAeS was approved by the Trustees as the that our new governance arrangements bedded in Employer-Nominated Trustee on the RAeS Pension successfully. & Life Assurance Scheme (Closed). It is a credit to Phil that we now see the changes The Trustees approved the Society’s registration having a positive benefi t and I am looking forward to as the End Point Assessment Centre for the leading the BoT to build on this success. Trailblazer Apprenticeship initiative, which was also Council has been freed to focus on the major fully endorsed by the Council. issues and is a far more infl uential body. This The Trustees reviewed the third Edition of the change is refl ected in the wider Society which is in Charity Governance Code (consultation document) good spirit. It is vital that Council continues to fulfi l and set in place an exercise to map our compliance its role as the pre-eminent driving force for progress vis-à-vis the key recommendations. in the Society and that it is empowered to do so We also held a very productive Risk Strategy through support from a strong and professional Session, to ensure that we are monitoring the Board of Trustees underpinned by an open and landscape and determining our risk appetite against communicative relationship with the BoT. and the identifi ed risks. The outcomes of these discussions Society at large. will be explored further by the Audit Committee and The role of the BoT remains crucial in ensuring recommendations taken back to the Trustees. that the Society’s business is conducted within a Finally, the Trustees approved the refurbishment COUNCIL HAS sound fi nancial, governance and compliance regime. of the Marshall of Cambridge Room, which was In respect of business at the last meeting – the agreed with Mr Robert Marshall MA FRAeS. The BEEN FREED Trustees approved the Board Chairs with Mr Philip refurbishment works will be scheduled around a TO FOCUS ON Spiers BEng(Hons) CEng FRAeS taking over from quiet period and an offi cial launch event planned THE MAJOR Dr Alisdair Wood EngD CEng FRAeS and Air Cdre upon completion of the room. The Society is Peter Round MA BSc(Hons) FRAeS replacing Mr very grateful for the continued generous support ISSUES AND IS Ian Middleton BA MBA FRAeS. Prof Jonathan received from the Marshall Group of Companies. A FAR MORE Cooper CEng FRAeS will continue his term as INFLUENTIAL PSB Chair. The Trustees were very grateful to the Martin Broadhurst outgoing Chairs for their dedication, commitment OBE MA CDir FIoD FRAeS BODY and passion in driving the initiatives of the Boards Chair, Board of Trustees

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 57 Afterburner Society News LOW-SPEED WIND TUNNEL

Wind tunnel has delivered six decades of engineering excellence

Airbus reports that the low-speed wind tunnel at In the 1970s the wooden models were all hand- Filton has completed 60 years of aerodynamics built by craftsmen who used hundreds of templates, testing. From proving the designs for Concorde to as there were no computer-aided design tools testing today’s passenger aircraft, it continues to be available at that time. Curves were drawn by hand a world-leading facility, playing a critical role in the Top: Airbus Beluga XL model through a series of dots on the paper. Wind-tunnel design, innovation and testing of new aircraft designs. in the wind tunnel in 2013. models are now 3D printed in a matter of hours The facility, which marked its diamond jubilee Below: Concorde testing in from metal powder or polymer and the designs in May, played a key role in the design and 1969. Airbus. include tiny channels to measure air pressure. development of famous aircraft such as Concorde, It is fi t for the future too. As it marks its diamond the BAC 1-11 and, from 1982, every new model of anniversary, the wind tunnel is set to continue its Airbus – including the A380, A400M, A350 XWB role at the forefront of engineering design. The wind and Beluga XL. tunnel tests at low speeds (200mph), simulating It is not just the aviation industry which has the take-off and landing conditions for aircraft and benefi ted from the wind tunnel. Over the years, helicopters. it has been used to test models of bridges, oil Simon Galpin, Head of Aerodynamics, said: platforms, hotels, sails for ships, ski bikes for “Looking forward, the future appears as bright and the Army, traffi c lights, windmills, golf clubs and challenging as ever. There are exciting prospects weather-proof clothing. For several years in the mid- coming up to support of a wide range of programme 1990s the Ferrari Formula One racing team used developments and research activities including the tunnel to test their designs. proving the next generation of wing designs.”

58 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 YOUNG PERSONS NETWORK YPN in the spotlight

Efe Onder Cambridge Branch

Efe graduated from the University of Bath with a MEng in Aerospace Engineering in 2013, followed by a two-year job as a stress engineer at Airbus in Filton. He is currently working as a structural design engineer at Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group in Cambridge. He is also the young person’s rep for the RAeS Cambridge Branch.

Q: Why do you think the RAeS is important for young A: The main aim of the Cambridge Branch with aerospace professionals? respect to young member’s matters is to increase A: To answer to this question I would like to share the level of engagement into their events. To do this my own experience with the RAeS. I was fi rst we started engaging with the local universities/ introduced to the RAeS when I started university. colleges, local engineering companies and local The RAeS arranged many conferences and talks air cadet stations to understand what they are at my university which helped me to become the expecting from the RAeS. This gives them the engineer I am today. In addition, these events helped opportunity to highlight what events they would like me to understand what work life would be like and to see in the Cambridge area and to understand gave me the opportunity to network with some whether there are some opportunities where we can individuals that would go on to help when I was work together. applying for jobs. Furthermore, the Society has been guiding me through the process to obtain Chartered Q: Tell us about a past or future event for young people in your area? Engineer status. RAES IS A A: Apart from the lectures/talks, in July last year Q: Why did you volunteer for the Young Persons we jointly ran the East of England Aerospace SOCIETY WHERE Network? Innovation Expo. The Expo consisted of two A GROUP OF A: RAeS is a society where a group of people who lectures followed by networking opportunities with PEOPLE WHO are passionate about aerospace and engineering a number of companies who were exhibiting there. come to together to help spread passion and This was a great success, as it involved a lot of ARE PASSIONATE knowledge. The Young Persons Network takes the young engineers coming together, networking and ABOUT passion of the main society and spreads this to understanding what these local companies do. The younger and future engineers. In addition to this, Expo will be run again this year. AEROSPACE AND the YPN is a great platform for young engineers Finally, every February the Cambridge Branch ENGINEERING such as me, to network. For me, being part of an runs a young person’s lecture competition. Each COME TO organisation that is helping others to understand candidate presents an aerospace-related topic of more about engineering and aerospace is a no their choice to a board for 20 minutes. To increase TOGETHER TO brainer. the outreach of the competition this year we had HELP SPREAD three categories (18 and younger, 19-25, 26-30). PASSION AND Q: How do you aim to improve the service of the The competition was very successful and had six RAeS to young members at a local level? entries with very interesting topics. KNOWLEDGE

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 59 Afterburner Elections

FELLOWS Christopher Andrew Franks Ranganathan Costas Georgiou SOCIETY OFFICERS Guy Adams Keith Riches William Gillespie Ahmad Aizaz Robert Rimmer Robert Greig President: ACM Sir Stephen Dalton Kenneth Anderson Tim Rolfe Ali Haider President-Elect: Rear Admiral Simon Henley Richard Atack Ghobad Roshan Philip Hedgecox Muhammad Atif Philip Slater Ian Herbert BOARD CHAIRMEN Sajid Awan Kostas Soumilas Paul Hermon Christopher Bennett Michael Stanberry David Herschell Learned Society Chairman: Jonathan Carrotte Nigel Stein Dominic Hickey Air Cdre Peter Round John Stowell Danish Jaffri Kip Caudrey Membership Services Chairman: Herman Claesen Mervat Sultan Farhan Javaid Philip Spiers David Denman Soban Syed Alasdair Jones Salman Farooqi Nadeem Tariq Philippe Joppart Professional Standards Chairman: Lee Franks Christopher Walton Robert Joscelyne Prof Jonathan Cooper Robert Giguere Mehmood Zafar James Kenny Muhammad Farooq Naveed Khan DIVISION PRESIDENTS Haider MEMBERS Colin Knowles Hossein Hamdani Suresh Kumar Australia: Andrew Neely Robert Hansman Folashade Ajala Christopher Lafrenais New Zealand: John MaciIree Benjamin Harris Anthony Alphonso Matthew Lang Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Zaher Alshehri Salman Liaquat Aamir Hasan South African: Dr Glen Snedden Martin Hoare Kamran Anjum Keith Marshall Tajamal Hussain Shahid Anwar Lee Marshall Johanne (Yohan) Daniel Aspinall Samuel Moore Jayaratne Tomilola Ayeni Lucy Morton Paul White Krystyon Kargbo-Reffell Shams Kant Hussain Azad Ahmed Nadeem Ali Zain Martin Rakesh Kapania Sukhpreet Bansal Peter Neenan Liangchen Zhou Jahanzeb Khan Tarek Bengherbia Peter O’Brien E-ASSOCIATES Muhammad Waseem Sam Bennett Grant Organ ASSOCIATE Khan Rebecca Borresen Adam Parrish MEMBERS Patrick Harris Jang-Kyo Kim Ashley Brooks Ana Pedraz Marco Moretti Oliver Kroos Ben Brown Fumagalli Pierluigi Muhammad Ansari Jack Richardson IIyas Kundi Paul Buckley Marco Placidi Michael Condello François Lassale Harry Bunn Matthew Roberton Benjamin Fantom AFFILIATES Asad Madni Peter Cappleman Adam Rose Karl Loken Tahir Mahood Simone Capuzzi Delphine Ryan Jonathan Pelser Lara Arif Aamir Maken Deep Chawla Antonis Sergis Stephen Roebuck Paolo Cavosi Arshad Malik Radu Chiritoiu Ahmed Sirag Youhao Toh Andrew Gillbard Stuart Martin Lee Curran Daniel Smith Carla Knighton Paul Mellor Richard Dakin Douchan Stanoulov ASSOCIATES Inayat Mehmodi Andrew Miller Paul D’Arcy Jason Starch Robert Parnall Neil Mobsby Kenneth Dawson Andrew Stead Muhammad Ahmed Yuan Zhou Barry Moore Sarah Day Adrian Tasker Luke Brazier Scott Morton Peter Eaton Matthew Valente Michael Golden STUDENT AFFILIATES Kimbal O’Neil Adeel Farrukh Jonathan Visagie Andrew Holt Alan Partridge Benjamin Foss Daniel Webb Ayaz Hyder Daniel Shinners

Dates for your diary WITH REGRET

3 July 2017 — Amy Johnson Lecture: Airbus is Politics with Wings on it. The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Katherine Bennett OBE FRAeS, VP Public Affairs, Airbus. Women in Aviation following members: and Aerospace Committee Named Lecture. Ronald William Beck Affi liate 85 5 July 2017 — Urban Air Mobility by Airbus, an Innovation Challenge. Jean-Brice Dumont, EVP Engineering, Airbus Helicopters. Rotorcraft Group John Bradley CEng MRAeS 80 Lecture. Air Cdre Jayne Millington FRAeS 55 6 September 2017 — The Future Aerospace Workplace. Young Person’s Alexandre Jay Parr MRAeS 41 Conference. Simon Tipper CEng MRAeS 46

60 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Society News RAeS COUNCIL 2017-2018 Following the 2017 Council elections, the following were elected to serve for three years until May 2020: Miss Hilary Barton Mr Martin Broadhurst Mr Ian Middleton Air Cdre Peter Round Mr Philip Spiers Dr Robert Winn Mr Geoffrey Clarkson until 2019 to replace Prof Ric Parker who has resigned Mr Howard Nye until 2018 to replace Rear Admiral Simon Henley who is now ex offi cio

The Council for 2017-2018 is:

President ACM Sir Stephen Dalton BSc FRAeS (ex offi cio)

President-Elect Rear Admiral Simon Henley MBE CEng RPP FRAeS FAPM (ex offi cio) Prof Chris Atkin, right, congratulates ACM Sir Stephen Dalton shortly after handing him the Presidential badge of offi ce at the end of the 2017 AGM on 11 May. Past-President Prof Chris Atkin MA PhD CEng FRAeS (ex offi cio)

Elected members Division Presidents (all ex offi cio) Miss Hilary Barton BSc CEng FRAeS FIMA Prof Andrew Neely BE MEng Sc PhD CEng FRAeS Mr Martin Broadhurst OBE MA CDir FIoD FRAeS (Australian Division) (Chairman of Board of Trustees) Mr John Macilree MRAeS (New Zealand Division) Mr Geoffrey Clarkson CEng FRAeS AM Salim Arshad FRAeS (Pakistan Division) Prof Jonathan Cooper CEng FRAeS Dr Glen Snedden PrEng PhD MSc(Mech Eng) (Professional Standards Board Chair) FRAeS (South African Division) Mrs Brenda Crawford ARAeS Dr Francesca De Florio FRAeS Branches Committee Chair Capt Hugh Dibley MCILT FRIN FRAeS Mr Mike Goulette CEng FRAeS (ex offi cio) Lt Cdr Richard Gearing BEng(Hons) CEng MRAeS MCGI MCMI Specialist Groups Committee Chair Miss Kerissa Khan MEng ARAeS Mr Jeremy Graham CEng FRAeS (ex offi cio) Mr Ian Middleton BA(Hons) MBA FRAeS Mr Howard Nye FRAeS In attendance Wg Cdr Ross Priday CEng MRAeS Chief Executive: Mr Simon Luxmoore MBA FRAeS Dr Thurai Rahulan BSc(Hons) PhD AMIMechE Honorary Solicitor: Mr Patrick Slomski FRAeS Governance and Compliance Manager: Air Cdre Peter Round MA BSc(Hons) FRAeS Mrs Saadiya Ogeer (Learned Society Board Chair) Mr Robert Savidge FRAeS Mr Philip Spiers BEng(Hons) CEng FRAeS (Membership Services Board Chair) BOARD OF TRUSTEES 2017-2018 Dr Robert Winn PE FAIAA FRAeS Dr Alisdair Wood EngD CEng FRAeS Mr Martin Broadhurst OBE MA CDir FIoD FRAeS (Chairman) ACM Sir Stephen Dalton BSc FRAeS (President) Co-opted members Rear Admiral Simon Henley MBE CEng RPP FRAeS FAPM (President-Elect) Mr Simon Phippard LLB AKC FRAeS Prof Chris Atkin MA PhD CEng FRAeS (Past-President) Mr Luke Hamnett MEng(Hons) CEng MRAeS Lt Cdr Richard Gearing BEng(Hons) CEng MRAeS MCGI MCMI Mr Daniel McKenna ARAeS Ms Jane Middleton FRAeS Ms Sarah Moynihan BSc(Hons) FCA CRAeS Sir John O’Reilly FREng FRAeS HonFIET Dr Thurai Rahulan BSc(Hons) PhD AMIMechE FRAeS

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JULY 2017 61 The Last Word

COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward FRAeS

Into the Bermuda Triangle II

ith the General Election done require the UK to adhere to EU legal judgement – and dusted – well sort of – the issues still to be resolved at a higher Brexit policy trench warfare of negotiating level and possibly a UK government ‘red line’. Other W Brexit can begin in earnest. issues to be resolved include future air traffi c With a mighty fanfare, the management and safety and security regulations. UK government launched the greatest legislative cut and paste job in history. The Great Repeal Bill Flight to EU sanctuaries was designed to translate 40 years of EU law and regulation into domestic practice but the really A more restrictive regime would impact particularly heavy lifting on detailing the Brave New World gets hard on UK-originating low cost carriers who underway. depend on the freedom to operate freely within the ECAA. To retain this level of fl exibility airlines Irish poacher turns gamekeeper will have to establish or increase their European operational presence outside the EU. Ryanair is A thought which highlights a possible paradox: headquartered in Dublin but it’s primary operational Mr O’Leary has long railed against the market base is at London Stansted. It and Luton- interference wrought by Brussels; he now forecasts headquartered easyJet are already increasing their all manner of plagues and storms hitting the aviation operational facilities at other EU airports; this is sector post Brexit. In a worst cast scenario, without likely to accelerate if a harder relationship with the a comprehensive air services agreement between EU looks likely. the EU and the UK, there could be such a massively Long haul carriers could be seriously affected disruptive impact on air travel that Ryanair might by problems in securing bilaterals with other withdraw entirely from the UK market. governments, especially the US. This, as Secretary This apocalypse assumes a complete collapse of of State Grayling has argued, could lead to more existing air service agreements linking the UK to the favourable deals but inevitably being part of the EU European Common Aviation Area (ECAA), as well as market affords more leverage than the UK alone. those applying to long haul services. This would in Falling demand for EU services and longer haul theory take us back to the oxymoronic world of the operations might make some routes unviable which Chicago 1944 ‘Five Freedoms’, with limited airline could undermine the UK government’s hopes of I TRUST THE access, defi ned carriers and infl exible operations: for securing wider worldwide trade deals. trans-Atlantic services – back to Bermuda II? PROTECTIONS With over 85% of the UK’s total international air Over egging the catastrophe? WON BY THE traffi c affected by EU agreements, IATA estimates EU AGAINST that UK passenger traffi c could fall by between O’Leary’s predictions may over-state the problems BEING LEFT 3% and 5%. Even in less dramatic circumstances, facing UK-originating air transport but, in the other imponderables, such as any upward drift in absence of detailed proposals from the Department AT A REMOTE airfares due to a falling pound plus the increased for Transport and some positive responses from EUROPEAN annoyances of stricter visa or passenger controls, across the Channel, all UK-based airlines will face AIRPORT IN THE will shape the future UK air transport market. a period of uncertainty while air service deals and Random political interests might also complicate access to the ECAA are concluded. In any event, we MIDDLE OF matters, such as Spain’s insistence that air services will have to hope that the Department can conjure THE NIGHT BY to Gibraltar are covered separately. up the specialist expertise that has been seen AN UNCARING EU offi cials have maintained that aviation domestically for at least 30 years. For the poor self- AIRLINE will not be subject to a special deal but the best loading cargo, I trust the protections won by the EU situation would be free access to the ECAA and against being left at a remote European airport in WILL NOT BE inheriting existing bilaterals. This would still limit the the middle of the night by an uncaring airline will not FORGOTTEN UK’s ability to shape future aviation policy and would be forgotten.

62 AEROSPACE / JULY 2017 Rotorcraft Conference Airworthiness & Maintenance Conference

INCREASING EFFICIENCY & HELICOPTER OPERATIONS REDUCING COST WITHIN THE IN INCREASINGLY COMPLEX AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROCESS ENVIRONMENTS USING NEW TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS LONDON / 5 - 6 JULY 2017 LONDON / 5 SEPTEMBER 2017

This conference will This conference will build showcase the outcomes upon the 2014 and 2016 of applied research and automation conferences innovative practical solutions and, in addition, consider the for the aircraft maintenance impact of the changes that industry. will result from SESAR, UAS in the lower airspace and In particular, the event will the potential introduction focus on unveiling solutions of Performance Based which facilitate efficiency Navigation to rotorcraft and alleviate cost within operations. line and base maintenance operations in both the civil and military aviation sectors. www.aerosociety.com/events www.aerosociety.com/events

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A GROWING CHALLENGE AS DEMAND OUTSTRIPS SUPPLY

LONDON / 26 - 27 SEPTEMBER 2017

As an industry can we realistically be expected to meet continue to supply competent and skilled pilots to meet the global demand? Do we risk quality of training and standards in the face on such demand for numbers? Can we get increased numbers through programmes, maintain the quality standards but also delivered tailored learning?

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