George River Caribou Herd
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Environmental Study of the George River Watershed (Nunavik, Québec) Impacts of Climate and Societal Changes
Environmental study of the George River watershed (Nunavik, Québec) Impacts of climate and societal changes Dedieu J.P. 1*, Franssen J. 2, Monfette M. 2, Herrmann T.M. 2, MacMillan G.A. 3, Grant E. 3, Amyot M. 3, Lévesque E. 4, Housset J. 4, Gérin-Lajoie J. 4, Dubois G. 4, Bayle A. 5, Snowball H. 6 (Photo M. Monfette, 2017) 1 IGE-CNRS / Université Grenoble-Alpes, France 4 Dept Environmental Science – Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada 2 Dept Geography – Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada 5 LECA-CNRS / Université Grenoble Alpes, France 3 Dept Biological Sciences – Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada 6 The Northern village of Kangiqsualujjuaq, Québec, Canada International Symposium of LabEx DRIIHM Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility on Human-Environment Interactions - ANR-11-LABX-0010 October 7th-9th, 2019 – ENS Lyon (France) OUTLINE Background Scientific application and results • A climate change and societal evolution context • Water quality and chemistry (contaminants) • Research in Nunavik digest • Ecological study (Arctic greening) • Interactive mapping (CBEM) Motivation Conclusions and outlook • OHMI-Nunavik and Imalirijiit project design • Take home message International Symposium of LabEx DRIIHM 2 Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility on Human-Environment Interactions - ANR-11-LABX-0010 October 7th-9th, 2019 – ENS Lyon (France) Background Climate trends • A worrying context for Arctic and Subarctic regions : Since 2000, Arctic surface air T° increased at more than double the global average. Winter (January-March) near-surface temperature positive anomalies of +6°C (relative to 1981-2010) recorded in the central Arctic during both 2016 and 2018. Tomorrow (2050): +4-7°C mean annual year T° in the Arctic Winter pan-Canadian temperatures, long-term-trend 1948-2016 Source : Summary Report, Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC), IPCC, Sept 2019. -
Parc Des Pingualuit
PAP_etat.qxd 9/7/01 8:53 AM Page 3 Status Report Parc des Pingualuit Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec Acknowledgements I am grateful to everyone who contributed to this report in any way. I would especially like to thank the following people: Parc des Pingualuit Working Group Vicky Gordon Willie Adams Michael Barrett Michel Damphousse Charlie Ulaku Community of Kangiqsujuaq Ulaayu Pilurtuut Arngak Charlie Arngak Betsy Etidloe Papikatuk Sakiagak Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec Marthe Laflamme Serge Alain Jean Boisclair Stéphane Cossette Jean Gagnon Gilles Harvey André Lafrenière Louis Lefebvre André Rancourt Jacques Talbot Denis Vandal Raymonde Pomerleau Project Coordinator, Parc des Pingualuit Acknowledgements I Table of contents List of maps, tables, and figures V List of maps V List of tables V List of figures VI Introduction VII Regional Context 1 Northern Québec 1 Demography 1 Territorial access and transportation 5 Local administration 6 Economic activity 8 Tourism development 9 Northern Village of Kangiqsujuaq 10 Population and services 10 Economic activity 10 Access 10 Land regime 15 Study Area 17 Climatic conditions 17 Temperature 18 Frost–free season 18 Precipitation 18 Day length 33 Ice formation and break-up on lakes and rivers 33 Biophysical resources 33 Relief and slopes 33 Geology 34 Origin of the crater 41 Geomorphology 42 The Pleistocence 42 The Holocene 51 Deposits 59 Hydrography 63 Vegetation 68 Fauna 75 Special features 89 Table of contents III Archaeological and historical resources 89 Archaeology -
ARTICLE Having Covered Over 8700 Km Including 1600 Km on Foot, Over 4700 Km in Canoe, 800 Km by Dog Team and 1600 Km by Steam- Er
GEOSCIENCE CANADA Volume 45 2018 43 ARTICLE having covered over 8700 km including 1600 km on foot, over 4700 km in canoe, 800 km by dog team and 1600 km by steam- er. The report from the expedition provides a compendium on the natural history of the region as well as the first geological maps. In terms of economic and scientific results, the greatest was documentation of the vast iron ore deposits of western Labrador; a world-class mining district that has been produc- ing for sixty-three years since 1954. Low’s account also pro- vides details on the essence of such an epic journey, which stands as a classic in the annals of Canadian geological survey- ing. RÉSUMÉ En 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low de la Commission géologique du Canada, accompagné du D.I.V. Eaton et quatre assistants autochtones ont exploré la péninsule du Labrador, Albert Peter Low in Labrador– alors perçue comme l'une des dernières grandes étendues A Tale of Iron and Irony sauvages inexplorées d’Amérique du Nord. L’équipe a quitté le Lake St. John (aujourd'hui le lac Saint-Jean) le 17 juin 1893, a traversé la bordure nord-est du continent nord-américain en Derek H.C. Wilton canoë, et est arrivé à Fort Chimo (aujourd'hui Kuujjuaq) le 27 août 1893. À l'automne de 1893, ils ont quitté Fort Chimo à Department of Earth Sciences bord d'un vapeur pour Rigolet, sur la côte du Labrador, et le Memorial University of Newfoundland poste de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson sur la rivière St. -
Do Resource Users Learn from Management Disasters? Indigenous Management and Social Learning in James Bay1
Fikret Berkes Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Fax: (204) 261-0038 e-mail: [email protected] Stream: Aboriginal Territory and Management Rights Discipline: Natural Resources Do Resource Users Learn from Management Disasters? Indigenous Management and Social Learning in James Bay1 Practice is not always true to belief. Philosophers point out that "ethics bear a normative relation to behavior; they do not describe how people actually behave, but rather set out how people ought to behave" (Callicott 1982). For example, the Koyukon people of Alaska often violate their own rules on limiting harvests when they hunt caribou (Nelson 1982). Anyone who has worked with hunting peoples knows that rules of ethics are sometimes suspended. But one can say that about any culture or any group of people; there is always a gap between the ideal practice and the actual. The story of caribou is important in this regard. Cree elders in Chisasibi readily admit that they once overhunted the caribou. But the events that took place in the community in the mid-1980s indicate that the Cree hunters as a group learned from that experience. The caribou story illustrates how traditional beliefs play out in the real world, and how community-based systems can learn and evolve. It also illustrates the role that traditional stewards and elders play in providing leadership for collective decision-making. It shows why almost all traditional cultures consider elders so important. Elders provide corporate memory for the group, the wisdom to interpret events, and they help enforce the rules and ethical norms of the community. -
Du Sable, Caniapiscau, and Koksoak Rivers
Du Sable, Caniapiscau, and Koksoak Rivers Du Sable We were lucky to obtain an excellent 1980 trip report from Ed The Du Sable (also known as Sand River) is an important tributary Gertler before we embarked on our trip (Ed lists also Tim of the Caniapiscau River. The Du Sable has been at the heart of a Zecha's brother Terry as a trip participant). Thus, it seems to us geographical and toponymic confusion, both about its source and that ours was the first documented descent of the whole Du about its name. Contrary to the map of Mrs. Mina Adelaine Sable from its source. Benson Hubbard (1908) describing her George River expedition, the ninth report of the Commission on Geography of Canada Caniapiscau (James White, 1911) as well as maps of the province of Quebec The Caniapiscau River is a tributary of the Koksoak River. published by the Ministry of Lands and Forests in 1914 and 1935, Through history, the river was known under different spellings: the Du Sable does not originate at Sand Lake, although both the Kaniapiskau (Albert Peter Low, 1898), Canniappuscaw (William Du Sable and Sand Lake outflows do belong to the Caniapiscau Hendry, 1828) and Caniapuscaw (James Clouston, 1820). The name watershed. The Commission de Géographie du Québec accepted in Cree language means "rocky point". The Inuit call the river the name 'Rivière du Sable' in 1944, replacing the name Sandy Adlait (or Allait) Kuunga (meaning: Indian River). It was also River, in the belief that the river originated from Sand Lake. The known as Wauguash River. -
Deglacial and Postglacial Evolution of the Pingualuit Crater Lake Basin, Northern Québec (Canada)
Geomorphology 248 (2015) 327–343 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Deglacial and postglacial evolution of the Pingualuit Crater Lake basin, northern Québec (Canada) Pierre-Arnaud Desiage a,b,⁎, Patrick Lajeunesse b,c, Guillaume St-Onge a,b, Alexandre Normandeau b, Grégoire Ledoux c,HervéGuyarda,b,d, Reinhard Pienitz c a Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Canada Research Chair in Marine Geology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada b GEOTOP Research Center, Canada c Centre d'études Nordiques (CEN) & Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada d Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7154, Paris, France article info abstract Article history: The Pingualuit Crater, located in the Ungava Peninsula (northern Québec, Canada) is a 1.4-Ma-old impact crater Received 15 January 2015 hosting a ~245-m-deep lake. The lake has a great potential to preserve unique paleoclimatic and paleoecological Received in revised form 9 July 2015 sedimentary records of the last glacial/interglacial cycles in the terrestrial Canadian Arctic. In order to investigate Accepted 10 July 2015 the stratigraphy in the lake and the late Quaternary glacial history of the Pingualuit Crater, this study compiles Available online 29 July 2015 data from three expeditions carried out in May 2007 (~9-m-long sediment core), in August 2010 (~50 km of seismic lines), and in September 2012 (high-resolution terrestrial LiDAR topography of the inner slopes). Despite Keywords: fi lake levels the weak penetration (~10 m) of the 3.5-kHz subbottom pro ling caused by the presence of boulders in the Mass movements sedimentary column, seismic data coupled with the stratigraphy established from the sediment core enabled Laurentide Ice Sheet the identification of two glaciolacustrine units deposited during the final stages of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Sedimentological processes (LIS) retreat in the crater. -
The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) Electronic Version Obtained from Table of Contents
The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) Electronic Version obtained from http://www.gcc.ca/ Table of Contents Section Page Map of Territory..........................................................................................................................1 Philosophy of the Agreement...................................................................................................2 Section 1 : Definitions................................................................................................................13 Section 2 : Principal Provisions................................................................................................16 Section 3 : Eligibility ..................................................................................................................22 Section 4 : Preliminary Territorial Description.....................................................................40 Section 5 : Land Regime.............................................................................................................55 Section 6 : Land Selection - Inuit of Quebec,.........................................................................69 Section 7 : Land Regime Applicable to the Inuit..................................................................73 Section 8 : Technical Aspects....................................................................................................86 Section 9 : Local Government over Category IA Lands.......................................................121 Section 10 : Cree -
NORTHERN RESEARCH REPORTS and the Arctic Institute Research
? NORTHERNRESEARCH REPORTS MedicalInvestigation at were 6 cases of tuberculous disease of SouthamptonIsland bone. Intradermaltuberculin tests gave Duringthe summer months of1948 positive results in 81% of the population. thesecond Queen’s UniversityArctic During 1947 work done on intestinal Expeditioncontinued the study of the pamsitism showeda high incidence of morbidity ratesand nutritional status infectionwith the thread worm (E. among the Eskimo population of South- vemicularis) and also showedthe pre- ampton Island, N.W.T., which was be- sence of Endamoeba coli and of Diphyl- gun in 1947. A party of five under the lobothrium inthe feces of a limited direction of Dr. Malcolm Brown, Asso- number of subjects3. ciateProfessor of Medicine, Queen’s In 1947 the possibility of trichinosis University, remained ,on the island from was suggested by the marked incidence late June to mid-September using an air- of eosinophilia and by certain stories of strip at Coral Harbour as their base of illnesses whichwere obtained, and this operations. pastyear this possibility was explored With the assistance of anexcellent fairlythoroughly. Two-thirds of the nativeinterpreter, complete clinical population was skin tested with Trichi- assessment of over 200 Eskimoswas nella antigenand 51% of themreacted possible, andthe information so gained positively.Specimens of serumwere whentaken with the information col- collected for testing and these also show lectedin 1947,is sufficient to permit a highincidence of positivereaction. certain general conclusions. Clinical evi- The source of the infection was sought dence of ascorbic acid deficiency was bygathering samples of muscle from seen in almost one-third of the popula- thepolar bear, walrus, seal and the tion, and corroborative biochemical evi- whitewhale, and examination of these dence was providedby assay of levels by Dr. -
Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by R-libre EcoHealth https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-018-1348-z Ó 2018 EcoHealth Alliance Original Contribution Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada Tiff-Annie Kenny ,1 Myriam Fillion,2 Sarah Simpkin,3 Sonia D. Wesche,4 and Hing Man Chan1 1Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada 2Faculte´ de Me´decine, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, Canada 3Geographic, Statistical and Government Information Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 4Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Abstract: Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) has been fundamental to the diet and culture of Arctic Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years. Although caribou populations observe natural cycles of abundance and scarcity, several caribou herds across the Circumpolar North have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades due to a range of interrelated factors. Broadly, the objectives of this study are to examine food and nutrition security in relation to wildlife population and management status across Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland, consisting of four regions across the Canadian Arctic). Specifically, we: (1) characterize the contribution of caribou to Inuit nutrition across northern Canada and (2) evaluate the population and management status of caribou herds/populations harvested by Inuit. Dietary data were derived from the 2007–2008 Inuit Health Survey, which included dietary information for Inuit adults (n = 2097) residing in thirty-six communities, spanning three regions (the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, and Nunatsiavut) of the Canadian North. Published information regarding the range, abundance, status, and management status of caribou herds/ populations was collected through document analysis and was validated through consultation with northern wildlife experts (territorial governments, co-management, and/or Inuit organizations). -
Northern Research Reports
BOOK REVIEWS ‘3’ account of theexploration of Hudson of Greenland from Hans Egede in 172I Bay and BaffinBay. Two chaptersare toGin0 Watkins andCourtauld. The used to give anexcellent summary of last four chapters summarize the search Russian expansion into Siberia, of Ber- for the Northeast and Northwest Pass- ing’s voyages, the story of Semen Dezh- ages; exploration of JonesSound and nev andothers, ending withWrangel’s Beaufort Sea; Peary’s achievement of sledge journey. the Pole, and Flying in the Arctic. The Britishexploration in thenineteenth penultimate chapter includes a statement centuryoccupies three chapters, with headed “The truth about Cook” which much of the space givento Franklin’s outlinesthe views of theauthor as to voyages andthe Franklin Search. In a whereDr. Cook really was when he discussion of “The Route to the North”, claimed to be making his remarkable the stages by which the open polar sea journey to the North Pole. was reachedthrough Kane Basin and To the Arctic! is well illustrated with RobesonChannel are described with a photographsand maps. Appendicesin- fittingtribute to themagnificent work clude a list of the Franklin search parties of theNares Expedition of 1875-76. and a chronology of northernexplora- Other chapters deal with the exploration tion. T.Ll. ROSTER OF ARCTIC SPECIALISTS The Arctic Institute of North America is compiling a roster of persons with Arctic experience. It is to include scientists, traders, missionaries,administrators, explorers and others with field experiencein any part of theArctic. The Directors of the Project would be glad to receive the names of any persons who shouldbe added to the roster. -
Kangiqsualujjuaq 2020 EN
History Kangiqsualujjuaq, often called George River, is the easternmost village in Nunavik. It is located 160 km away from Kuujjuaq KANGIQSUALUJJUAQ and 1675 km away from Montreal. In the 19th century, a trading post of the Hudson Bay Company was established 12 km south of the current location of the village, which was created only in 1962 when the Inuit decided to settle there, especially Address: PO Box 120, Kangiqsualujjuaq for arctic char trade. Kangiiqsualujjuaq Quebec J0M 1N0 Tel: 819-337-9090 Access Population Economic activities: Arts and crafts, businesses and Kangiqsualujjuaq can be reached by Kangiqsualujjuaq means "the very large bay" in Inhabitants: around 1200 services, tourism, construction, Inuktitut, dut to its position at the end of George plane by taking a Canadian North flight from Montreal/Quebec to Kuujjuaq then Languages spoken: Inuktitut, transport, outfitters, traditional caribou, River bay. an Air Inuit flight from Kuujjuaq to English seal and beluga hunting, fishing Kangiqsualujjuaq. Services Clinic Coop grocery store Coop hotel Community centre Niriviapik restaurant Temperatures Other services: 30 Arena (with gym and swimming-pool) 20 Northern Store Museum 10 Daycare 0 Post office -10 Full Gospel Christian Fellowship (Pentecostal church) St-Andrews Anglican Church -20 FM community radio -30 Junior Rangers (Canadian Armed Forces) January April June October Address: PO Box 120, Kangiqsualujjuaq Quebec J0M 1N0 The clinique Tel: 819-337-9090 Nursing staff: 6-7 Home Care Fax: 819-337-9004 Activities and attractions 1 E-mail: [email protected] Expanded COVID-19 role & TB Sports 4 1-2 Arena, mini-gym and swimming-pool Hours: CLSC open from Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm, emergency services evening/night/weekend. -
Demography of the George River Caribou Herd: Evidence of Population Regulation by Forage Exploitation and Range Expansion F
ARCTIC VOL. 41. NO. 4 (DECEMBER 1988) P. 279-287 Demography of the George River Caribou Herd: Evidence of Population Regulation by Forage Exploitation and Range Expansion F. MESSIER,’ J. HUOT,* D. LE HENAFF3 and S. LUTTICH4 (Received 22 December 1987;accepted in revised form 20 July I988) ABSTRACT. The George River caribou herd in northern QuebeclLabrador increased from about 5000 animals in 1954 to472 200 (or 1.1 caribou.km.’) prior to the 1984 calving season. The range used by the herd expanded from 160 O00 to 442 O00 km2 forthe period 1971-84. The exponential rate of increase (r)was estimated at O. 11 in the 1970s. Calkfemaleratio in autumn was relatively constant (x = 0.52) from 1973 to 1983, but decreased to about 0.39 in 1984-86. The harvest rate was relatively low in the 1970s (about 3%.yr”), but seemingly increased in the mid-1980s to 5-7% as a result of more liberal regulations and a greater impetus to exploit caribou for subsistence. The cumulative impact of lower calf recruitment and more intensive hunting may have appreciably depressed the growth rate of the herd in 1984-86. A greater year-round competition for food resources and a greater energy expenditure associated with range expansion are presented as probable regulatory factors for the George River herd. It is argued that the nature of caribou-habitat interactions in continental regions generate long-term fluctuations in caribou numbers if human exploitation remains low. At present, wolf predation does not appear to be an important mortality factor capable of regulating the George River herd.