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Sediment Transport Patterns Around Port Coogee Marina: Case Study of 2009

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Sediment Transport Patterns Around Port Coogee Marina: Case Study of 2009 Sediment transport patterns around Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 Thesis November 2011 Matthew Johnson 20250493 School of Civil & Resource Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Charitha Pattiaratchi School of Environmental Systems Engineering Sediment transport patterns around School of Civil and Resource Engineering Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 The University of Western Australia This page has been left blank intentionally. i Sediment transport patterns around School of Civil and Resource Engineering Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 The University of Western Australia ABSTRACT Port Coogee Marina is the hub of Australand’s (Australand Holdings Ltd.) development of Coogee Beach in Perth, Western Australia. Construction of the marina occurred between 2006 and 2009 with the outer breakwaters completed by the end of 2006. Prior to construction, the project underwent a significant Public Environmental Review (PER) process that considered its impact on the popular recreational coastline and a sand bypassing program was developed to manage the expected erosion from the southern beach. Annual hydrographic surveys since construction have suggested erosion in excess of the PER estimated values. The years following construction have experienced variable storm activity and a 100-year return period storm was experienced in July 2009. This study uses numerical modelling to create a bathymetric evolution model using 2009 as a case study. The aim of the study is to model the unique southerly littoral drift direction and consider the impact of storm events on the sediment transport processes to gain further understanding of the impact that the marina has on Owen Anchorage. In addition to this, the impact of Perth’s dominant summer sea breeze system is considered and a 6-month sediment budget has been created to enable comparison with previous studies. The presented 6-month sediment budget shows correspondence with the annual hydrographic survey data suggesting that the majority of sediment activity occurs during the summer and winter months. Results show increased sediment activity with increased storminess. In particular, the erosion from the southern beach is shown to be sensitive to storm activity. During winter, accumulation is experienced on the northern beach and erosion from the southern beach, coinciding with the hydrographic data. During summer, the majority of sediment transport occurs during more intense events or during rapid changes in wind direction. Summer experienced accumulation on both beaches showing a reversal in littoral drift direction along the southern beach during this period. The winter storms dominate the erosion from the southern beach resulting in net annual erosion from this location. The evolution of the beach since the marinas construction shows it has directly affected its adjacent beaches and acts as a barrier to the natural southward sediment migration. This thesis validates this theory but suggests that the above-expected erosion from the southern beach in recent years is a result of higher frequency and intensity storm events rather than as a direct result of the marina’s construction. ii Sediment transport patterns around School of Civil and Resource Engineering Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 The University of Western Australia LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 7 November 2011 The Dean Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley 6009 WA Dear Sir, Please accept this submission to you of my thesis entitled “Sediment transport patterns around Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009” as completion of part of my Bachelor of Civil Engineering course requirements. Yours faithfully, Matthew Johnson iii Sediment transport patterns around School of Civil and Resource Engineering Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 The University of Western Australia ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the team at RJ Vincent & Co. for their input in developing this interesting research topic and their understanding and support for the entirety of the year. Thanks to Michael Brunton (Project Manager) for your time, guidance and information regarding the project. Thanks to Bernard Gillis and the team at Australand for their support. Prof. Pattiaratchi provided me with endless support and guidance throughout the year, which has been greatly appreciated. Thank you for a great year! Cyprien Bosserelle provided me with non-stop technical support, especially through the modelling process. This process would not have been possible without this guidance. Wave data was also provided by Cyprien. This was a critical input for the model and your time and effort has been greatly appreciated. Dr Ivan Haigh and Sarath Wijeratne provided me with water level fluctuation data and guidance with the modelling process. Thank you very much for your time. Thanks to Scott Anderson and Simon Houlahan from McMullen Nolan Group for providing hydrographic survey information. Finally a big thanks to my family and friends for their support during the year! iv Sediment transport patterns around School of Civil and Resource Engineering Port Coogee Marina: Case study of 2009 The University of Western Australia TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Letter of Transmittal ................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................v List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables................................................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Rationale ...........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Aim ....................................................................................................................................2 1.3 Objectives ..........................................................................................................................2 Chapter 2. Literature Survey ........................................................................................................3 2.1 Regional Setting ................................................................................................................3 2.2 Sediments ..........................................................................................................................4 2.3 Bathymetry ........................................................................................................................6 2.4 Wave Climate ....................................................................................................................8 2.4.1 Exposure ...........................................................................................................9 2.4.2 Wave Transformation .......................................................................................9 2.4.3 Local Wave Climate .......................................................................................10 2.4.4 Modelling Waves ...........................................................................................12 2.5 Water Level Fluctuations ................................................................................................13 2.6 Nearshore Currents ..........................................................................................................14 2.7 Meteorology ....................................................................................................................15 2.8 Anthropogenic Effects ....................................................................................................17 2.8.1 Anthropogenic Effects in Cockburn Sound & Owen Anchorage ..................17 2.8.2 Coastal Monitoring at Port Coogee ................................................................19 2.9 Shoreline Response .........................................................................................................20 Chapter 3. Methods and Proceedure ..........................................................................................23 3.1 Mike21 FM model ...........................................................................................................23 3.1.1 Hydrodynamic (HD) Module .........................................................................24 3.1.2 Spectral Wave (SW) Module .........................................................................24 3.1.3 Sediment Transport (ST) Module ..................................................................24 3.2 Model Setup ....................................................................................................................24 3.2.1 Boundary and Computational Grid ................................................................24 3.2.2 Model Forcing Data .......................................................................................26
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