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AVES Importante Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Medio Perú: 28 no. Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Rapid Biological and Social Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM INFORME/REPORT NO. 28 Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Nigel Pitman, Adriana Bravo, Santiago Claramunt, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ashwin Ravikumar, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz, Tyana Wachter, Sebastian Heilpern, Benjamín Rodríguez Grández, Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez y/and Richard Chase Smith editores/editors Diciembre/December 2016 Instituciones Participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Instituto del Bien Proyecto Especial Binacional Común (IBC) Desarrollo Integral de la Cuenca del Río Putumayo (PEDICP) Federación de Comunidades Fundación para la Herbario Amazonense de Nativas Fronterizas del Conservación y el Desarrollo la Universidad Nacional de la Putumayo (FECONAFROPU) Sostenible (FCDS) Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de Centro de Ornitología y la Universidad Nacional Mayor Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) de San Marcos (UNMSM) RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 1 12/8/16 9:25 AM LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las de The Field Museum. / Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Science and Education The Field Museum. 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./ This publication has been funded in T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum. www.fieldmuseum.org Cita sugerida/Suggested citation Editores/Editors Pitman, N., A. Bravo, S. Claramunt, C. Vriesendorp, D. Alvira Reyes, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Bravo, Santiago Claramunt, A. Ravikumar, Á. del Campo, D. F. Stotz, T. Wachter, S. Heilpern, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ashwin Ravikumar, B. Rodríguez Grández, A. R. Sáenz Rodríguez y/and R. C. Smith, eds. Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz, Tyana Wachter, 2016. Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón. Rapid Biological and Social Sebastian Heilpern, Benjamín Rodríguez Grández, Inventories Report 28. The Field Museum, Chicago. Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez y/and Richard Chase Smith Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations Diseño/Design Carátula/Cover: Un jaguar en la ribera colombiana del río Putumayo. Costello Communications, Chicago Durante el inventario en febrero de 2016 el equipo social observó a este felino cruzar el río nadando desde el Perú a Colombia. Foto de Mapas y gráficas/Maps and graphics Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez./A jaguar on the Colombian banks of the Mark Johnston, Jonathan Markel, Blanca Sandoval Ibáñez y/and Putumayo River. During the inventory in February 2016 the social José David Urquiza Muñoz team observed this animal swim across the river from Peru to Colombia. Photo by Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez. Traducciones/Translations Adriana Bravo (English-castellano), Santiago Claramunt Carátula interior/Inner cover: Una vista aérea del río Algodón, un (English- castellano), Álvaro del Campo (English-castellano), tributario del río Putumayo que corre casi 700 km por la Amazonía Sebastian Heilpern (castellano-English), Laura Paredes de Chávez peruana. Foto de Álvaro del Campo./An aerial view of the Algodón (castellano/Ocaina), José López Rodríguez (castellano-Murui), River, a nearly 700 km long tributary of the Putumayo River in Mario Pariona (English-castellano), Nigel Pitman (castellano- Amazonian Peru. Photo by Álvaro del Campo. English), Ashwin Ravikumar (castellano-English), Benjamín Rodríguez Grández (castellano/Ocaina), Marcos Sánchez López Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 8F–K, 9B–D, 9H–N, P. Álvarez- (castellano-Maijuna), Martha Sánchez López (castellano-Maijuna), Loayza; Figs. 10G, 11D, 11F, D. Alvira Reyes; Fig. 7P, A. A. Barona Ángel Uaqui Dunu Maya (castellano-Murui) y/and Colmenares; Fig. 6O, A. Bravo Ordoñez; Figs. 7A–N, 7Q, 7S–V, Ysabel Yamashaco Vargas de Sánchez (castellano/Ocaina) G. Chávez; Figs. 3C, 3F, 4F, 5M, 7R, 8B–C, 9A, 9E, 10D, Á. del Campo; Figs. 6J–K, 10F, F. Ferreyra Vela; Figs. 6A–H, 6L–N, M. H. Hidalgo; The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de Figs. 2C, 9F–G, D. J. Lizcano; Figs. 3E, 3H, S. C. Londoño; Figs. 1, 4J, impuestos federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./ J. A. Markel; Figs. 11B, 11E, 11G–H, M. Pariona; Fig. 4D, N. Pitman; The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal Figs. 10A–C, 11A, A. Ravikumar; Fig. 8E, J.-I. Rojas-Moscoso; income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Fig. 10E, A. R. Sáenz Rodríguez; Fig. 11C, A. Salazar Molano; ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-6-9 Figs. 3A–B, 3D, 3G, 3J, 3L–M, R. F. Stallard; Figs. 4B, 4H, 5A–C, 5F, 5J–L, 5N, 8A, L. A. Torres Montenegro; Figs. 3K, 4C, 4E, 4G, © 2016 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ © 2016 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. 5D–E, 5G–H, 8D, C. Vriesendorp. Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 2 12/8/16 9:25 AM AMENAZAS estas es alto, mientras que el sacrificio de caimanes negros es ocasional. Una de las amenazas que identificamos durante este estudio es la posible construcción de la carretera Iquitos- El Estrecho, considerada de interés nacional por el RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Gobierno Central del Perú. Una carretera, además de ser La principal oportunidad para la conservación del una barrera que restringe el movimiento de los animales área propuesta con respecto a la herpetofauna es la alta (particularmente anfibios), ocasionará la pérdida y la riqueza y estado saludable de la comunidad de anfibios destrucción de los bosques, un incremento en la y reptiles en diversos hábitats y microhábitats en los perturbación y la muerte de muchos animales debido al bosques de tierra firme, bosques de planicie inundable impacto con los vehículos que transitan por la carretera. y humedales. Las serpientes son uno de los grupos de vertebrados más Recomendamos el desarrollo y la implementación afectados por las carretras (Rudolph et al. 1999), ya que de planes de conservación para las tortugas charapa estas acuden a las carreteras para alimentarse de presas (Podocnemis expansa), taricaya (P. unifilis) y motelo que se acercan a estos espacios abiertos, y también (Chelonoidis denticulata), al igual que para caimán debido a la intencionalidad de las personas de cometer el negro (Melanosuchus niger). Recomendamos la atropello (Rudolph et al. 1999, Secco et al. 2014). elaboración de material didáctico para el reconocimiento Otra amenaza es el desarrollo de minería de oro en la y diferenciación entre serpientes venenosas y no cuenca del río Algodón. Esta actividad tendría efectos venenosas, y capacitación sobre cómo evitar accidentes directos negativos en el hábitat de especies acuáticas por mordedura de serpientes o por el caimán negro. (Magnusson y Campos 2010) como el caimán negro, Las quebradas de agua cristalina y las turberas son Melanosuchus niger (Da Silveira et al. 2011), y el caimán hábitats importantes en la conservación de especies, y blanco, Caiman crocodilus, que además se mueven potenciales refugios de especies que aún no han sido grandes distancias. Otras especies vulnerables a la registradas en los inventarios realizados en la zona. minería de oro son las tortugas Podocnemis unifilis y Recomendamos continuar con estudios más exhaustivos P. expansa, cuyos sitios de anidamiento, descanso y para documentar estos patrones con mayor precisión. reproducción se verían afectados con consecuencias directas en sus poblaciones. La presión de caza que sufren algunas especies es también una amenaza AVES importante. Durante el inventario, el equipo social Autores: Douglas F. Stotz, Percy Saboya del Castillo y recogió algunas entrevistas y registros del consumo y Oscar Laverde-R. comercialización de huevos, juveniles y adultos de especies de caimanes y tortugas, por lo que la presencia Objetos de conservación: Seis especies restringidas a bosques de minería podría aumentar aún más esa presión y la de suelos pobres: el Nictibio Rufo (Nyctibius bracteaus), un hormiguerito no descrito del género Herpsilochmus, el Hormiguero consecuente disminución en sus poblaciones. de Cabeza Negra (Percnostola rufifrons), el Tirano Pigmeo de Finalmente, otra amenaza que hemos identificado es Casquete (Lophotriccus galeatus), el Mosquero de Garganta la mortalidad de las serpientes (venenosas o no Amarilla (Conopias parvus) y el Saltarín de Corona Naranja venenosas) y el caimán negro ocasionada por la gente (Heterocercus aurantiivertex); el Herpsilochmus no descrito y la subespecie de Percnostola rufifrons son endémicos del interfluvio local. Este comportamiento de la gente se debe al Putumayo-Napo; aves de caza como paujiles (Mitu salvini y desconocimiento de los verdaderos riesgos contra la vida Nothocrax urumutum), perdices (Tinamidae) y trompeteros (Psophia que generan estas especies. Lamentablemente, la mala crepitans), bastante comunes y confiados en el área; especies reputación de estos animales es una barrera para su restringidas a las islas del río Putumayo (Myrmoborus lugubris, conservación (Martín-López et al. 2007). De acuerdo a Synallaxis propinqua) y el Paujil Carunculado (Crax globulosa), que según los pobladores locales es común en las islas y es cazada muy algunas entrevistas que realizamos en campo, el número esporádicamente; un total de seis especies consideradas de serpientes sacrificadas por los locales al encuentro con amenazadas a nivel mundial y tres amenazadas en el Perú PERÚ: MEDIO PUTUMAYO-ALGODÓN DICIEMBRE/DECEMBER 2016 131 RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 131 12/8/16 9:25 AM INTRODUCCIÓN importante será el Putumayo como barrera geográfica y cuál sería su impacto en la estructuración de las Las aves de la cuenca del río Putumayo en el Perú no comunidades de aves al otro lado del río. han sido muy estudiadas. La mayoría de los estudios previos en esta cuenca han sido parte de inventarios rápidos (p.
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