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Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment Proposed Construction of an Improved Water Delivery System Pahranagat National Wildli

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Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment Proposed Construction of an Improved Water Delivery System Pahranagat National Wildli Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment Proposed Construction of an Improved Water Delivery System Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Prepared for: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Alamo, Nevada Prepared by: Harris Environmental Group April 2019 Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PURPOSE AND NEED ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Description of the Proposed Action .......................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and Need for Action .................................................................................................................... 1 Decision to be Made ................................................................................................................................. 3 II. ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Alternative A – No Action Alternative ....................................................................................................... 4 Alternative B – Proposed Action ............................................................................................................... 4 III. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................... 6 General Site Information .......................................................................................................................... 6 Resource Topics Eliminated from Detailed Analysis ................................................................................. 7 Resource Topics Analyzed in Detail .......................................................................................................... 8 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................................. 8 Water Resources ................................................................................................................................ 11 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Biological Resources ........................................................................................................................... 30 Cultural Resources.............................................................................................................................. 42 Public Use ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Socioeconomics .................................................................................................................................. 46 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ................................................................................................... 48 Alternative A – No Action Alternative ..................................................................................................... 48 Alternative B – Proposed Action ............................................................................................................. 50 V. COORDINATION WITH OTHERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE ............................................. 60 Tribal and Agency Consultation .............................................................................................................. 60 Public/Stakeholder Availability ............................................................................................................... 60 Improved Water Delivery System ii Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Environmental Assessment Environmental Compliance ..................................................................................................................... 60 Relationship to Statutes, Regulations, or other Plans ........................................................................ 60 VI. ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... 70 VII. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 76 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2014a. White River Springfish (Crenichthys baileyi baileyi). U.S. ................................................................................................................................................................ 84 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2014b. White River Spinedace (Lepidomeda albivallis). U.S. .. 84 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2014c. Hiko White River Springfish (Crenichthys baileyi grandis). .................................................................................................................................................. 84 APPENDIX 1. BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ........................................................................................... 86 APPENDIX 2. USFWS IPAC CONSULTATION ................................................................................................ 91 APPENDIX 3. PROPOSED ACTION DESIGN ................................................................................................. 107 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Length of proposed pipeline with respect to NWI wetland type. ................................................. 13 Table 2. Lincoln County Water Withdrawals, Estimated by Type in 1995. Source: Nevada Division of Water Planning 1997. ................................................................................................................................. 26 Table 3. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USEPA 2016a). ............................................................. 28 Table 4. Global Warming Potential of GHG’s. ............................................................................................. 29 Table 5. USFWS and NDOW Priority Species. ............................................................................................. 33 Table 6. Potential construction equipment, detail, and hours. .................................................................. 52 Table 7. Combustible emissions in grams per horsepower hour for typical construction equipment. ..... 52 Table 8. Construction equipment and emissions estimates in tons. .......................................................... 53 Table 9. Amount of potential habitat by wetland type. ............................................................................. 54 Table 10. Laws and regulations. .................................................................................................................. 65 Improved Water Delivery System iii Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Environmental Assessment LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Study Region, Lincoln County, Nevada ............................... 2 Figure 2. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Study Area, Lincoln County, Nevada. ................................. 5 Figure 3. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Soils, Lincoln County, Nevada........................................... 10 Figure 4. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Study Area Wetlands, Lincoln County, Nevada. ............... 16 Figure 5. Overview of proposed water delivery pipeline segments with respect to wetland type............ 17 Figure 6. Northern extent of proposed water delivery pipeline segments with respect to wetland type. 18 Figure 7. Segment just south of northern extent of proposed water delivery pipeline segments with respect to wetland type. ............................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 8. Segment just north of southern extent of proposed water delivery pipeline segments with respect to wetland type. ............................................................................................................................. 20 Figure 9. Southern extent of proposed water delivery pipeline segments with respect to wetland type. 21 Figure 10. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Study Area Preliminary Jurisdiction Delineation, Overview. .................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 11. Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Study Area Preliminary Jurisdiction Delineation, Central Area. ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 12. Location of open water springs on PNWR. ................................................................................ 37 Improved Water Delivery System iv Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge Environmental Assessment I. PURPOSE AND NEED Introduction This Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to assist the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in evaluating the alternatives and environmental impacts for the implementation of an underground water delivery gravity-fed pipeline through much of the
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