JUNE, 1907

Editorial.

The Good That Men Do.

I Industrial Education. I' I ] Judge Made Law.

~ I b\ Our Duty. III I'" I How the Telephone Became.

" \ I r RECIPROCITY! ~OOT&SHO£ WORKERS UNION BUY UIVION STAMP SHOES-­ TilE BEST MADE • UNlo:JJ WoMP BUY SHOES MADE WITH THE Ur:ION STAMP. A guarantee of good wage conditions a well treated shoe worKers. No higher in cost than shoes with ut the Union Stamp. Facto No. INSIST upon having Union SI: mp Shoes. If your dealer cannot supply fOil, write BOOT AND SHOE WORKERSII UNION 21'6 Summer Street. BOSTON, MASS.

There's a Direct Connection

BETWEEN NOTIGE YOUR POCKETBOOK- AND Those advertisers 'fho patron­ ize us should receive our pa­ Bossert Boxes To get down to figures, there'. a tronage in return. saving in labor over cast iron boxes of over five cents a hole on every out­ let put in a Bossert Box. That means a redUCti~n in your estimate figures of about $ .20 for every dozen boxes used. B ssert Boxes have heremetica11y seal d outlets, the plugs of which can b~removed with one blow of a halDme. There remains a hole as smooth d round as a steel die can cut it. You can figure still closer because you need allow nothing fOtbreakage. Being made of drawn steel, Boss rt Boxes stand the ham­ mering, the straining f pipes and the settling of buildings without a crack. If your competitor uses Bossert Boxes, you must, to meet bis figures. If he does notLyou can obtain a big advaT,tage by tbeiruse. Write for detailed description. BDlllrt Electric C ruction Co., Utica/if. y,

1 Standard The BRYANT ELECTRIC CO.

Screw GInss Manufacturers of Insulntors With Patent Drip Petticoat. for Every Purpose Electrical Any Test Shows They're Best Supplies THE HEMlNG~At GLASS CO. ' OfftceJ Co~i.r OD, ICy. l.sl&bliJhod lUI. Fact ry: Muncie, 104. BRIDBEPORT, co lN, CHICAGO, ILL. 1

) i THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 1 2 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

Benjamin Wireless Clusters and Lt~btJn!l Specialties

Satisfy Every Write/or Demando/ • Illustrated Electrical Cataloll, Illumination R-l'l.

CAT. No. F-4'l Benjamin Electric Manufacturing Co. New York Chicago San Francisco

When Ordering CARBONS BRUSHES OR BATTERIES Specify COL U·MB I A

The KIND you KNOW yon can DEPEND upon ·

NATIONAL CARBON COMPANY, CLEVELAND, O. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Absurdities of Useless Learning .. 22 Labor's Advance ...... 42 A Foolish Campaign ...... 25 Labor Organization and Labor Pol- Arbitration in Canada ...... 26 itics, 1827-37 ...... 18 A Shorter Work Day ...... 24 List of Floating Members ...... 17 Clarence S. Darrow on the "Open Literature on the Initiative and Shop" ...... 10 Referendum ...... 41 Classified Directory of Local Unions 61 Misuse of the Injunction ...... 44 Correspondence ...... 46-55 New Council Organized ...... 35 Defender of the Home ...... 9 Notices ...... 16 Directory of Local Unions ...... 56 Our Only Hope ...... 30 District Council Officers ...... 63 Resolutions ...... 17 Editorial- Something About High Dues ..... 29 The Good That Men Do ...... 13 Strike Notice ...... 17 Industrial Education ...... 13 The Cost of Killing ...... 12 Our Duty ...... 14 The Lore of Unionism ...... 21 Judge Made Law ...... 14 The Passing of a Lineman ...... 39 Notes ...... 15 The Union Label ...... 32 Getting a Living ...... 36 The Welcher ...... 40 Guilty of Graft ...... 15 Trade Union Morals ...... 8 How Chicago Printers Won ...... 7 True to Principle ...... 30 How the Telephone Became ...... 6 Union Insurance ...... 31 Information Notices ...... 17 Unions Hard to Kill ...... 11 Is Cheap Labor a Benefit to the Wait a Minute ...... 20 Community ...... 34 Workingmen's Homes ...... 28

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.

Benjamin Electric Mf&'. Co. •..•..• Z Hansen. O. C., Mf&'. Co...... 4th Cover Blake Signal'" Mt&'. Co..•.. 4th Cover Hart Mfg. Co...... 64 Blakeslee Forging Co., The ...... 64 Hemlngray Glass Co., The .... 2d Cover Boot &: Shoe Workers Union .• 2d Cover Klein & Sons, Mathias...... 4 Bossert Electric Construction Larned Carter '" Co. .•••...... ••• 1 Co. • .••••••••.•.•...... 24 Cover Michi~an State Telephone Co...... 4 Bryant Electric Co. . .•...... Id COTer National Carbon Co. I Chicago Glove & Mitten Co., The .. 62 North Bros. lUg. Co.....•••••.•..• U Detroit Leather Specialty Co. 3d Cover Reidy, John J .... : ...... 4th Cover Eastern Carbon Works...... 4 Stephens, Wllmot ...... ••.•...••••• 4 4 THE ELECTRICAL WORXER CAUTION [astern High-firade Wet and Dry Batteries and We announce for the protection of our customers that all small tools, At I ant i t Dry Batteries climbers, etc., of our manufacture are stamped with our firm name thus: Eastern Battery Connectors M. KLEIN m SONS. There are tools on the market EASTERN CARBON WORKS stamped "Klein's Pattern," and a CAR.BON PLACE number of climbers have been sent to JER.SEY CITY, N. J. us in a defective condition which we have been asked to replace. Evi­ CUMDE~S Beat in the dently the owners were under the im­ LINEMEN'S World pression that they were made by us. Purchasers wanting genuine Klein goods are cautioned to see that the full 5 't,f.ii,ij"1S name M. KLEIN m SONS is stamped on them. None others are genuine. Manufactured by WILMOT STEPHENS OFFICII: AND FACTORY, 16 MITCHELL AVENUE BINOHAnPTON, N. Y.

When Writing Advertisers Please Mention Mathias Klein & Sons THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.3 The Michigan State A New Departure! Telephone Company .." Has over 24,000 Subscr.ibers in Detroit connected by means of Good Commer­ cial Toll Lines, with a large and growing telephone exchange system in eve r y City WEAR THE 1. B. E. W. and Village in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas Cuff Buttons Embracing ina 11 about 104,000 Stations iOLID GOLD, (PER PAIR), '2.00 ROLLED GOLD, (PER PAIR), $1.50 We are growing constantly at the rate of 1,000 Stations per Month Send in your order now, while the sup­ ply lasts. All orders must be accompa­ And every day extending our toll service facili tiell nied by the neceiOsary amount of cash.

ADDRESS So bear in mind that through our Sys tern you can reach Everyone, PETER W. COLLINS Any Place, Any Time Grand Secretary Piecik Buildin2 Sprin2'field, III MichiiZln StZlte Telephone Compuy THE ELECTRICAL

WORKER

OFFICIAL JOURNAL

of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.

OWNED AND PUBLl5HED BY THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS

Edited by PETf» W. COLLINS, Grand Secretary

General Offices: Pierik DuildinS

Sprin,lteld, Dl. Entered as Second-ClaMs Matter, June 6, 1906, at the Post Office at Springfield, 111 .. under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. THE ELECTRICAL WORKER OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS Eltm4 at thB Post Ollca at s,rtmBld, m., lccordiq to Act Ir COIIIBIS as second-Class latter

SiDal. Cople•• 10 Cents VoL VII. No.8 SPRINGFIELD, ILL, JUNE, 1SK)7 $1 per year in .d.aDce

HOW THE TELEPHONE BECAME.

BY HARRY S. COYLE, To tell how the telephone became is to thought by symbols of fire. Almost every tell the never·tiring story of evolution. tribe had a code of signals of its own. The telephone is an instrument for In the more advanced periods of barbaric transmitting thought, and it grew out of life these codes became a very intricate the demands of the age in which we live system. When civilization came to the -an age which demands rapid action in shores of the Mediterranean sea, cities every phase of our life. commenced to dot the prOlific feeding Tt is a product of evolution; the tele· grounds. Then man saw that it would phone did not rise in the course of a be necessary to communicate from city day, or a week, but it has been growing to city, so he invented the semaphore for thousands of years. with its wonderful codes of signals. By Every invention of any importance is means of the semaphore he was enabled the nursery of future inventions-the to transmit visual signals from tower to cradle or a sleeping Hercules. tower. All of the cities of Europe were From the beginning of time man has so connected. Even to this day the been devising a way by which he could semaphore has its own field of usefulness. so combine the forces of nature so as to It was a long step from the visual sign bring the whole world into his own en­ signal to the audible sound method of vironment. transmitting intelligence, but the sema­ The records of past inventions are not phore prepared the way for the tele­ aU contained in printed books; their his­ graph. As the light from the fire sym­ tory has been graven on tablets qf stone bols showed the way for the semaphore, which were written in the picture lan­ so the visual sign system of the sema­ guage by men who used the campfire phore prepared the way for the audible system of communication. sound of the telegraph, which in turn The first efforts to trasmit thought gave birth to the telephone. were made by the sylvan man-by the It is not possible to measure the time hunter or savage man-long ago-not in years that it has taken to accomplish very lon~ when compared with the geo­ this grand evolution from the firebrand logic history of the earth, but very long, method of signaling to the electrical pro­ indeed, when compared with the written cesses of transmitting thought. When histories of man. The night is to the the art of telegraphy was first put into savage what the day is to the civilized practice, men thought that it would be man, so the firebrand was adapted as a necessary to receive messages by visual method of transmitting thought. These signs, as their forefathers had done in firebrands were waved to the right or to past ages. The inventor himself made the left; they were waved up and down no provisions for receiving sound audibly and there were short waves and long -all thought it would be impossible to waves, circles and semicircles, and every interpret the message by sound. So we movemeD.t of the torch transmi tted a have the long and short lines of the word or a sentence to some distant signal Morse code corresponding to the move­ operator. ments of the arms of the semaphore, and As time passed on from that ancient to the firebrand in the hands of the sav­ period, when men had landed on every age. It did not, however, take man long shore and isle, they slowly improved in to learn that it was possible to interpret their arts, and these improvements led the message by sound, and thus was them into an interchange of commodi­ another step taken towards the invention ties; and thus was the commerce of the of the telephone, which affords the di­ world established. Man used the fire­ rect means for transmitting intelligence. brand system of communication still, buf The firebrand signals grew into the sema­ he used a marvelous code of signals with phore, and the semaphore grew into the it. Experience taught him that he must telegraph, and the telegraph grew into have a method of communicating in­ the telephone, and the process is not yet stantaneously with every clan and tribe completed, for old inventions clothe in the nation, so he learns to transmit themselves with the garments of the new

,.,,', THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 7 and rush on to new purposes. The infer­ have rented the air at its fiash! Is it not ior is transformed, into the superior, and strange that the genius of man has trans­ the good is made better and the better formed the very lightning of death and is made the besL So the old ~rows into destruction into a messenger of love and the new by the survival of the fittest. joy? So the good grows out of the evil, The one endowment that early man and the forces of destruction carries mes­ possessed, having in it the promise and sages of love and joy, messages of sorrow, potency of all future achievements was and illessages about everything in life, the creative spark called invention_ and the speech of man trembles over a net: of wire in every city on the globe. We learn from the records of the ages From the dawn of human culture in that there never was a time when man savagery to the mid-day of culture in was not an inventor, never a time when civilization, human genius has been pro­ he had not some sort of a patent on his ducing many inventions for many pur­ inventions. All inventions !:lad their poses; and at all times the good has origin in the cradle land, and in the in­ given place to the better, and the· better fancy of our race. What we enjoy is has yielded to the best_ only the full bloom fiower; the perfect The problems of the telephone are not fruit of which they possessed the germ. all solved, though savage inventors, and Many years ago men sat down and with barbaric inventors, and civilized in­ great pain and sorrow discovered the ventors in all lands and at all times have principles which makes our telephone a sought to produce the best invention. possibility_ And so inventions have been changing, It was a struggle through aeons of time old inventions have died out and new in­ by which the forces of destruction be­ ventions have been born; and inventions came a beneficient agent in civilization. have. struggled for existence through hu­ Consider how terrible the lightning man :selection as man has endeavored to stroke is. In its history how many lives learn; and with man forever the struggle has it rent asunder! How many groans to know has been the endeavor to secure of agony have gone up to Heaven from its happiness, for truth is good and wisdom stroke! How many shrieks of terror is joy.

HOW CHICAGO PRINTERS WON.

PRINTED report of the printers' 15. There were 50 members of other strike in Chicago has been i!\sued unions who came to Chicago and went by the officers of Typographical to work in struck offices. The daily Union No. 16, which goes exhaus- newspaper chapels' assessment brought tively into the facts and figures bearing $1,928.21 weekly. One foreman paid upon the event. A table shows that from $6.50 a week and asked if more was September, 1905, to March, 1907, cards needed. Frank Morrison, of the A. F. of deposited were 1,428, withdrawn 1,722, L., paid $4.80 weekly and worked night while 117 obtained honorable withdrawal and day to assist in collection of the cards. Of the cards withdrawn over 600 $40,000 pledged by the Federation. A were given to new members who came to personal appeal by the President at a work in struck offices, but joined the critical time brought $2,885 in loans from union and went back home. members and pledges of $5,000 additional. A supplementary report by President A little more was borrowed from other Wright says there is a gain of over 20 unions. The money was called for to per cent. in paid-up membership since the meet a threatened emergency which for­ strike began, and No. 16 had $5,000 more tunately did not arise. All loans have of its own money in the treasury April been paid. Now the eight-hour day is 6, 1907, than it had September 1, 1905. established and more members are paid On the books are recorded 798 actual over the scale than during the nine or strikers, a very small number of these ten-hour periods. being copy-holders and apprentices. In A change in the ownership of the addition there were about a dozen mail­ Ohronicle is expected_ ers and one stationary fireman, the latter The American Type Foundry here of his own accord refusing to work with again employs union printers. non-union men. It is believed more than 3,000 men, women and children were The spoiling of 250,000 two-color fold­ tried out by the Typothetae. The num­ ers by the struck office of Poole Bros. is ber of Chicago members who ratted reported. They could not be folded and stands: At the beginning of strike, 51; had to be thrown ouL-Alexander since then, 51; ratted in other cities, Spencer. 8 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER TRADE UNION MORALS.

Member of Famous Hull House Settlement Discusses Matter from Logical Standpoint.

The founder of the famous Hull Hous. plined, and they have further been beset settlement in Chicago, Miss Jane Addams, and carried off their feet by that unrest has a lengthy article in the North Amer­ which impels us all to hasten if we would ican Review under the caption, "The avail ourselves of the advantages which Present Crisis in Trade-Unions Morals." prosperity affords. "If we don't get things now, when they are going, we Following are extracts from the ar­ won't get them at all," is often said by ticle: workIngmen, and the expression voices "In spite of the fact that sympa!hy that sense of unseemingly haste which for the trade unions never rose so high characterizes the entire community. in America as during the long anthra­ During this period of extraordinary cite coal strike, the past two years a~ord growth, the labor movement has natu· undoubt€d evidence of a reaction agaill~t rally attracted to itself hundreds of or­ the cause of organized labor. The eVI­ ganizations which are yet in their infan­ dence may be cited in the increased num­ cy, and exhibit all the weakness of ber of employers' associations, some of "group morality." * • • In addition which in spite of carefully worded con­ to its beligerent youth and its primitive stitutions. are making direct war. not on­ morality, the newer union is composed of ly upon the practices of trade umon, but members who have long suffered what upon their very existence; in the acute they consider to be grievances and the exasperation exhibited by many manu­ accumulated sense of unredressed wrong facturers who were previously, at least, makes them eager to "fight for their in a state of friendly neutrll;lit~; :n the rights." At the same time, the employer oft-repeated assertion that It IS. Imp~s­ always makes his most vigorous attack sible to extend business operations ~n upon a new union, both because he does the present state of the labor .market; ill not wish organized labor to obtain foot· the recognition of the non-u~lOn ma~ as hold in his factory, and because his the "modern hero," and of hiS suffenngs chances for success are greatest before as those of a martyr; in the practice of his employes are well disciplined in the newspapers to state at great length unionism, although in actual conflict a the acts of trade union lawlessness, and young union will often make a more to make but terse reports of their renew­ reckless fight than an older one. al of contracts and other legitimate ac­ On its idealistic side, trade unionism tions; and that which is, perhaps, !he is an international movement, founded most significant, the increasing confus~on upon one of those appeals to universal of mind on the part of the public, which sentiment which bind men together be tends to make trade unions directly re­ cause they are strong enough to over­ sponsible for many of the ~ifficulties come even national differences, and it inherent in the factory system Itself. . has been this aspect which the business The present moment is one of unusual man has found it hardest to deal with crisis in that many of the trade unions and which has most sorely tried his of A~erica have reached a transitional patience. He has said many times to the period, when they can no longer be mere trade unionist: "If you expect recogni· propagandists, but are called upon to deal tion from business men, yon must make with concrete and difficult situations. a definite contract and stick to it. Sup­ "\Vhen they were small and persecuted, ply us with skilled labor at a definite they held to the faith and its implica­ price, as a contractor supplies us with tions of idealism; as they became larger specified material at a definite price, and and more powerful, they make terms we will know where to find you and try with the life about them, and compro­ to deal with you. But if, because a man mise as best they may with actual con­ in Buffalo (jr Seattle has trouble with his ditions. working people, you are going to give us The transition is especially difficult a sympathetic strike; if, because some just now; for, during this last period of non-union material comes into my factory prosperity, trade unions have increased all the union men are going to walk out, enormously in numbers; the State Fed­ you can't expect any sensible business eration of Minnesota, for instance, re­ man to get on with you." Such things ports an increase of six hundred per cent were said only after unions had become in one year. The well-established unions large and powerful enough to be nego­ have also been flooded by new members tiated with; they were sensible and inevi­ who are not yet assimilated and disci- table, but they were a direct invasion by THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 9 business methods of the hitherto ideal­ ing a banner of idealism whenever the istic realm. other side waves one of commercialism. On the other hand, and illustrative It is difficult to understand why Amer­ of a strange inconsistency, the arguments ican business men have been so reluctant against the "closed shop," made by the to concede to trade unions the right to employer, are made on the general collective bargaining. The business men ground of the "freedom ,of the individ­ of this generation have seen the adminil!!­ ual," and of "liberty of the working tration of property change largely from man," and are direct carrying over of individual management . to corporate the ideal into the region of business. The management, as the directors of a stock term "contract shop" would be a much company more and more outline tbe fairer phrase and a much more business­ policy of the business for which the are like definition of the situation than the responsible, and in which their money is phrase "closed shop." In such a shop, invested. They have practically made a the unions say to the employer: "We are new adjustment, in regard to the admin­ ready to sign a contract to supply you istration of at least one class of property, with labor for a year under union condi­ and yet they are the very men who most tions of hours and wages, but we can resent the attempt to extend this method not sign the contract if non-union men of bargaining, this modification of indi­ are employed, for we have no way of vidual ownership, to workingmen. holding them to the terms of the contract The hope of trade unions lies in the as the fines and other disciplinary meth­ sheer necessity for the public discussion ods enable us to do with our own men. •of their affairs, and it is hard to over­ These non-union men have no tegard for estimate how far mere publicity makes our standard of wages and hours, and are for morality, and in the fact that the continually cutting into both. We as a earliest trade organizations have com­ union, can make a contract with you and mitted the entire movement of that agree to stick to it, only if you will keep growing concern for a larger and more the non-union men out." In this case satisfying life for every man. For, right­ the business-like proposition comes from ly or wrongly, among us all the belief the union, and the concern for ethical daily strengthens that whatever has for standards, for "American ideals," comes its object the increased value of the from the business man. It is an abso­ universal life is thereby certified as legi­ lute reversal of the position that the two timate. Whether organized labor in America will make its business adjust­ sides take in the subject of the sympa­ ments and still keep this object in view, thetic strike. To use a war similie, which whether it will safely pass through the would certainly not be inapt, as in many present crisis of tradition and temptation, cases actual war is waged, each .side stays no one can as yet state with any degree within its own battle line, one side wav- of certainty.

DEFENDER OF THE HOME.

HE trade union is engaged in a con-' taining a high standard of wages depends stant warfare to keep the child both the moral and material welfare of O out of the factory and to get it society, and the perpetuation of the home into the school, to secure decent itself. The hope of the nation is bound living wages for both men and women, up in the progress of the producing class, and reasonable hours of toil. If the in­ and any retrograde' step would mean a fiuence exerted by organized labor during moral disaster too fearful to contemplate. the last fifty years were to be eliminated, Society as a whole should awaken to a picture of poverty and moral degreda­ the fact of the great work that organized tion would be presented such as the world labor has accomplished in the past and has never witnessed. aims to accomplish in the future. 'It is The trade union is the only institution the one institution that has stood boldly on earth that is ceaselessly and ever con­ out for true righteousness, the moral up­ tending for better conditions, that stands lifting of the masses and the perpetuation for a living wage that shall enable a man of the real home. to maintain a creditable home, to bring The hope of the future rests not in the up his children and educate them into hands' of the licentious rich' but on the honest, moral men and women and use­ wage-earning class, and in the organiza­ ful citizens of the commonwealth. tions of labor that work for such condi­ The future of the continent is bound tions as shall guaTantee the toilers a up in the perpetual struggle for better competency, thus insuring their moral wages and improved conditions. for on welfare and the perpetuation of the home. the success of the trade union in main- -Exchange. 10 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

CLARENCE S. DARROW ON THE "OPEN SHOP."

N AN address at Los Angeles, Cal., pushing for a chance to work, each com­ a few weeks ago, Clarence S. Dar­ peting with the others and offering to sell U row, the eminent Chicago lawyer at the lowest price that would sustain and sociologist, discussed the trade their lives. union movement. The subject of the "The workingman sees that the manu­ speech was "The Open Shop," but the facturer controls the price of his product; speaker covered other phases of the labor that the owners of raw material control movement. The latter part of the address what they sell; he sees that they do it was devoted to a discussion of the rela­ by agreement and by combination; that tive merits of the "open" and "closed" the business man surrenders a portion of shop, as applied to the industrial life of his individual liberty into the keeping of today. The speaker declared that the the trust and the pools and his feilows, political economist, the newspaper and to make prices and fix terms; he sees the clergyman engaged in the discussion that the employer regulates the price of of labor questions rather than in thinking his product by controlling the supply of about labor questions are fond of making his product; and from the employer he the assertion that capital and labor are learns the method of controlling the price friends, and they brand as demagogical of what he has to sell is by such an oJ'­ and dangerous all men who appeal to gaHization as will control tue supply of class feeling or stir up class hatred. He what he has to sell. For this purpose he asserted that collective bargaining was organizes the union and endeavors to the only peaceable solution of the present bring every member of his craft into wage system; that the prices of all com­ this organization. He learns not only modities were controlled by combinations, that it IS wise to make a collective bar­ and, therefore, there was no just reason gain with the manufacturer or the em­ why labor should not be controlled in like ployer, but he also learns that there is manneI'. In part, Mr. Darrow said: no bargains excepting a collective bar­ "A manufacturer engaged, for instance. gain." in making furniture, builds his plant and And the speaker might have added that provides his machinery. He sells the there is no defense for the non-unionist finished product-furniture. He buys remaining without the pale of the organ­ lumber, coal, iron, labor. Every political ization of his craft. Trade unions are economist knows that he buys his lumber expending hundreds 01' thousands of dol­ as cheaply as he can, his coal as cheaply lars annually in proselyting and spread­ as he can, his iron as cheaply as he can. ing the doctrine, and the day is not far The labor is the remaining raw material distant when all self-respecting working­ which he works into his finished product. men will be enrolled as members of their It is equally plain that under the laws of trade organizations. They will be made trade he buys his labor as cheaply as he to see the light. With the individual who can get it. * * * The manufacturer has only his labor to sell it is no question of furniture turns to the lumber market of barter and dicker with the corporation to buy lumber; he finds that the lumber or other employer. This is what the market is controlled by the capitalist, who individual is told: "There are the prices owns the lumber, and who, by combina­ we fix; take them or leave them alone." tion, fixes the price. He turns to the But if all the individuals would combine market to buy steel and iron; he finds and agree as to how much each ought to that the price of this product is absolutely have for his labor, and say to the em­ controlled by the 'Un~ted States' and other ployer that if he refuses the wages re­ steel companies, who are able to fix the quested they will put him out of busi­ price. He goes to the market to buy coal; ness-or, in other words, place the em­ he finds that coal is owned by a few large ployer exactly the same position as he transportation companies, and these few (the employer) places the individual­ meet together and fix the price of the they wo.uld be in position to enforce their commodity that they have to sell. The demands. In this manner they would manufacturer regulates the price of the have some power to make a collective bar­ commodity he sells by an agreement with gain, but in no other way. the others of his kind. All the raw ma­ The more temperate view some of the terial he uses, excepting labor, he buys leading union-haters are taking relation of combinations that are regulated in the to organized labor is evidenced by the same way that he regulates the sale or recent speeches of Van Cleave and Parry, his product. ' of the manufacturers' association. These "He turns then to the labor market to gentlemen are experts at reading the buy labor, and he insists that, instead of "handwriting on the wall," and realize buying it as he buys his coal, his iron that their union-busting crusade of the and his lumber, he should buy it of pri­ last few years has not attained the desired vate individuals, each scrambling and results, but has had the effect of solidify- .--~

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 11 ing the labor movement. Along this line price. It has come from experience, and Mr. Darrow proceeded as follows: from reason. The union man and non­ "The employer has ceased long ago to union man never did and never can work fight the unions directly. They loudly together in peace and harmony. The in­ proclaim that they believe in labor terest of the employer and the employes unions, but they object to the way the are antagonistic. The employer and his labor unions are managed. That is, they boss are naturally against the union be­ believe in the organizations, but they ob­ cause from their standpOint the union is ject to everything they do. If the men against their business. They interfere would organize and apPoint the employ­ with wages, with hours, with conditions; ers to manage the unions, the latter would they are a nuisance to the business. have no objections to trade unionism, but, "Put the non-union man and the union of course, such an organization would be man together in the same shop; every futile for the purposes for which it is in­ place of advantage is given to the non­ tended. The last device of the employer union man, every place of disadvantage has been to stand for what they call the is given to the union man; the places of 'open shop,' with a right to hire whom danger go to the union man, the places they will, regardless of whether they are of safety to the non-union man; the ex­ members of the union or not. As a mat­ tra holidays to the non-union man, the ter of law and a matter of right, within hard task to the union man, the highest the meaning that is commonly under­ wages to the non-union man, the lowest stood, the employer has a perfect right to to the union man. When times are hard say that he will run an 'open shop;' that the union man is the first to 'walk the he will hire union men or non-union men, plank.' If he becomes too active in his as he sees fit, or hire both or -neither, union-that is, too industrious over his as he sees fit. On the other hand, the own affairs and not industrious enough workingman has an equal right to say he over his employers'-he is at once dis­ will not work unless he belongs to the charged. He holds his position at his union, and he will not work with any­ peril from the moment he takes it. He is body who does not belong to the union; working in a shop where the highest and then it is a question of strength as premium is placed upon a man who does between the two. not belong to the union, and where the union man is living upon sufferance. He "The only legal way the workingman knows that under these circumstances he can enforce the 'closed shop' is by refus­ cannot maintain his union. However ing to work with a non-union man; or, in such a workingman may disbelieve in the other words, by a 'strike.' There can be union, the union man knows that if he no gainsaying his right to do this. The undergoes the hardships and dangers and employer loudly proclaims that a man expenses of a strike and succeeds, that has an inalienable right to work for the non-union man is the first to ask for whom he pleases, and for such p-rice as he the increased pay. He understands that pleases. There never was any inalienable the trade unionist undergoes all the dang­ right to work, and there never can be any ers, expenses, hardships and privations inalienable right to work under the pres­ incident to unionism while the non-union ent industrial system. If there was an man reaps all the rewards. No working­ inalienable right to work, then there man will pay dues, will suffer privation, ought to be an inalienable right to get a will take chances of placing his job in job; and every workingman ought to have jeopardy, while the non-union man, and the right to go and find that job, if he he alone, profits by his sacrifice. can. "The 'open shop' is really a misnomer. "The question of an 'open' or 'closed' All it ever meant or can mean under shop is not a question of law, or a ques­ present industrial conditions is an open tion of right-it is a question of policy back door through which the union man alone. Labor unions have never insisted can be turned into the street at the em­ upon the 'closed shop' as a matter of ca- ployer's will."

UNIONS HARD TO KILL.

For a class of workers whose union amounting to 24 per cent. A speaker at was "demoralized and disrupted" during the recent convention of the Citizens' In­ the long strike of two years ago, the tex­ dustrial Association in Chicago said that tile workers of Fall River, Mass., seem the "recuperative power of the average to be doing fairly well. The strike,which labor union was something remarkable." lasted many months, was lost to all out­ The textile workers furnish an illustra­ ward appearances, but since that time the tion of the truth of the observation.­ workers have secured wage advances Chicago Record-Herald. 12 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER THE COST OF KILLING. America Sacrifices Fifty Million Dollars a Year This Way. HAT is the value of a human life? about two thousand and through accident, What, in dollars and cents, may be if the proportion holds good in recording (W roughly figured as a man's worth and non-recording states, four thousand at to the community from which he the very least. derives support? In the last year Chicago skyscrapers The Eastern world, the overcrowded exacted the heaviest toll of human life world of the elder peoples, will shrug its recorded in the history of building oper­ shoulders and look askance through slant- ations in the city. Figures compiled in ed, inscrutable eyes, and answer: "Life the annual death roll of the Bridge and is cheap in these lands. There are many Structural Ironworkers' Union show the million lives; and it has always been so. increase in fatalities among the men to Why should one care?" But how many be enormous. Of the total membership of us know that in this Western world of of 1,358 men in the union last year, 156 ours, human life, under certain condi- either lost their lives or were totally or tions, is held as cheaply as in India or partially disabled. DUring the year be­ China? How many of us realize that out fore twenty-six were killed, an equal num­ of 29,000,000 workers in these United ber were so injured that they could not States one is killed or injured every min- resume their trade, while the number of ute of the day-in other words, that every minor injuries totaled about eighty. year more than 500,000 men, women and The most common type of factory ac­ children are killed or crippled as a direct cident is what the newspapers call being result of the occupations in which they "caught in the machinery." Judged by are engaged? a newspaper clipping record of 612 acci- In the six big tunnel construction jobs dents, 30 per cent of factory accidents are in and about New York on an average a of this nature. Next most dreaded by man a day is killed. A cave in of rock or men in factories is being caught in the mud or sand engulfs the gang, or a blast leather belting or being struck with it of dynamite blows them to pieces, or they when it snaps or comes ol'r tne shaft. In are overcome by the "bends," the terrible other cases high speed revolving wheels disease due to compressed air. Toiling burst, showering the men with as deadly feverishly in three hour shifts under a . a fire as if a shell from a hidden enemy tremendous air pressure of three atmos- exploded among them. pheres, the "sand hogs" deep down under In New York City occur ten violent the .rivers face a thousand dangers in or- deaths a day as a direct result of daily der that the pressing problems of trans- activities. In Ch~cago the number falls portation may be solved for the great to six a day. But the storm center of the metropolis. The "bends" is not always country is Allegheny county, Pennsyl­ fatal, but it catches a large number of the vania, in which the city of Pittsburg is men and doubles them up like jack knives. situated. Combining steel, iron and coal In the worst cases it kills with a horrible industries, mills, mines, railroads and death_ building operations, over seventeen tho us- There are over thirteen hundred thou- and deaths and injuries a year in all in­ sand railroad men on the trains and in dustries is the record for this single the yards of- the United States. Of these, county. according to the Interstate Commerce What of the money value of these lost Commission's report for the last complete lives? Many writers have essayed the year on record, 69,191 were killed and in- complex problem of expressing flesh and jured in one year's time-more than one blood in do lIars and cents. The statis­ man in every twenty. tician of a great industrial insurance In eighteen months fire damp alone company is inclined to place the net an­ was responsible for 415 deaths and many nual economic gain of an average worker times that number of injuries. Last year at $400. At the prime of·life this would in Pennsylvania it was 1,123 kiIled and make an estimated economic value some- 2,365 injured, a total of 3,488. In the thing like $10,395. Not knowing the pro­ same year, in the fifteen states alone that portion of kiIled or injured, or the num­ report mine accidents, 5,986 miners of all ber of days the injured were incapacitated classes were killed and injured. If the for labor, we cannot apply the figures, Pennsylvania record is any index, one but that the application would be some­ may infer that reporting of accidents in thing stupendous a glance will show. other states was probably lax, since more Suppose even only 1 per cent of the half than half the number occurred in this million killed or injured were killed­ one state. In the fifteen remaining states it would mean that economic productive in which mining is an important industry, power of $50,000,000 a year had been but which do not keep records at all, the sacrificed .-Arthur B. Reeve in Every­ loss through aeath has been estimated at body's Magazine. THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 13

EDITORIAL. PETER W. COLLINS.

THE GOOD In the contemplation of passing events and the morals to be THAT MEN DO. drawn therefrom, we very often neglect to pay just tribute to the unselfish, untiring effort of those self-sacrificing men and women who are ever striving for the common weal; who are ever seeking to make the ideals of life, the environments of home and occupation; the mental, moral and physical well being of man harmonize with his dignity as the chief being of creation. In every walk of life there are workers doing good, forgetting the personal equation and sinking self-interest for the common welfare; never using the cause they represent or the work they do for personal ends, or the glare of the spot­ light, but working unheralded without notice of the press agent or the blare of the trumpet; silently, persistently and energetically striving for the betterment of human kind. These are the men and women that are doing the work of humanity who are making the world better and who are giving that effort that is practical and of real value to us all. Let us at least give them that co-operation and assistance in the work that is being done that the example thus set may add to the value of the work.

INDUSTRIAL A great deal depends on the point of view, and the purpose EDUCATION. behind it. This is especially true of Industrial Education and the application to the present day needs of industry. A strong sentiment is apparently being aroused in its favor by the preachments of emin­ ent men, some disinterested, many otherwise. They are expousing its cause in the lecture hall and through the public press and are endeavoring to create a sentiment sufficiently powerful to, make it a part of our system of public edu­ cation. But as to the point of view: What are the needs of industry? And in what respect will Industrial Education help the situation? The answer of the em­ ployer is that industry needs many additional workers more highly skilled. Therefore from that point of view, there is an obligation imposed on the public to furnish these extra skilled workers by industrial education. They reason that a mechanic actually engaged in industry who rcceived his training at the bench is not sufficiently equipped in skill to meet the exacting requirements of industry, but that the needs of industry require public industrial education as a part of the public school curriculum. Under such system they contend it will be possible to take the student (school age, 5 to 14) through the various stages of training and at the age of 14 or 15 turn him into industry fully equipped to grapple with all its problems. It is hardly necessary to use many arguments to prove such reasoning is fallacious for to any reasonable mind'it is an absolutely untenable proposition. I

14 THE ELEOTRICAL WORKER

The real object of these captains of industry is not a desire for real in­ dustrial training, not a desire to make the worker a better mechanic, but to turn on thc labor market an abundance of half-baked material that can casily bc worked in the hands of the industrial potter as a weapon to deprive labor of its fair share of the earnings. Then there is the academic point of view best represented by President Eliot of Harvard, who classed the scab as a hero, and by Ohancellor Day of Syracuse, who believes labor is too highly paid. There is however, an aspect of industrial education that is deserving of at­ tention and that is the proposition to give the worker actually engaged in industry a higher technical training, adding to his earning power by so doing, and also to his practical value to industry itself. This is a proposition that has merit because it does not propose to degrade industry or labor by forcing upon both an unfinished product. We believe the whole question is of sufficient importance to receive careful attention and proper study by those most interested-the workers--and we feel assured that their interests will be best protected by keeping an eye on the question and advocates of Industrial Education.

OUR DUTY. Little things count materially in the great efforts of life, and upon the thoroughness with which the little things are done depends the stability of the whole. As in every other movement, so is it in the Labor Movement: the greater work devolves upon the few. Not so much by choice but because the many fail to take that decided interest in their behalf, that they should. They are con­ tent to pile upon the shoulders of others the whole of that burden which should be proportionately borne by themselves. Occasionally the load is too heavy and calamity results. Those who have carried the burden receive the condemnation. Is this just? Hardly. Each of us should share in proportion whatever load there is to carry and each of us should receive a just portion of the responsibility if failure results. But if we do our duty success and not .failure will crown our efforts. Re­ member then that in so far as you refuse to do your share of the work, just so much are you neglecting your duty and helping to destroy and not build up. This is not a lecture on morals. It is a plain statement of a most evident fact. It is not necessary to dwell further on the point at issue but it is neces­ sary and absolutely so to see that the point is not forgotten.

JUDGE The judicial mind is so encompassed these days with its own MADE LAW. importance that it believes itself powerful enough to usurp powers not delegated to it under the federal or state Oonstitu­ tions. As a consequence judge made law is being handed out with a regularity that bespeaks their entire confidence in the position assumed. We have always believed that it was intended by the Fathers in forming this government that it would be one of checks and balances. That the powers of the Legislative Execu- THE ELEOTRICAL WORKER 15 tive and Judicial branches were clearly defined. That the functions of each were clearly determined, and that each was to cleame to the line. However, the intention of the Fathers has apparently very little weight with the greater than thou functionaries of the Judicial Branch who apparently delight in pounding the idea of the Fathers into an unrecognizable mass of obsolete tradition and making instead, a series of legal opinions the law of the land. It may be possible that a few men sitting as judges are better qualified to make laws than the legislative branch of the government, and it is just as possible they are inclined to resent any opinion to the contrary. Be that is it may; it is not a republican form of government, as guaranteed by the Oonstitution to each state and we rather believe in the foresight of the framers of the Oonstitution that left to the Legislative Branch the power to make"laws.

When in doubt, think it over.

Doubters are usually positivists.

Seek rather the standard of right than that of excellence.

Discretion is the art of answering calmly when feeling otherwise.

The Don't Worry Club is open to all who believe in the principle.

Looking at the bright side of things helps us to forget the dark.

N ever invest in a sure thing; they have made too many killings.

The man who gives advice takes a chance of losing his reputation.

Making good, is paying your obligations in real coin and not promises.

Beware of the faker whether is a "Nature Faker" or of faking nature.

A man's word should be as good as his bond. How many of us have been exchanging bad collateral?

Don't imagine the other fellow is a fool because he doesn't agree with you. He may also have an opinion-of you.

The fact that "Brain Storm" made a~ expert on insanity famous and gave him a large fee, proves the exception to the rule. Don't experiment.

GUILTY OF GRAFT. Harry White, ex-secretary of the United recover $23,000 which he asserted White Garment Workers of America, who gained had got while secretary through silent some notoriety some years ago by declar­ partnership in a printing office to which ing for the open shop, has been found printing for the Garment Workers' Union guilty of "grafting." President Rickert had been sent. White must repay the of the Garment Workers brought suit to $23,000. IG THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

NOTICE. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Mr. Humphrey O'Sul11van of the O'Sul­ livan Rubber Company of Lowell, Mass., has withdrawn the advertising; of his Company from all unfair publications and in reply to his notice refusing to place ads. in the Saturday Evening Post and the Ladies' Home Journal, he re­ Offlcal Journal of the ceived the following from the Curtis Pub­ INTERNATIONAL lishing Company: "Boston, March 14, 1907. Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Mr. Humphrey O'Sullivan, The O'Sullivan Rubber Company, published Monthly. Lowell, Mass. Dear Sir: P~TER W. COLLINS, Editor. Since writing you a few days ago 1 Plerlk Building, Springfield, Illinois. have inquired from our home office in regard to our precise attitude toward our printers, which is as follows: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. We do run an "open shop" but we have Grand President-F. J. McNULTY, Plerik Building, Springfield, Illinois. no "non-union" men in it. They are all Grand Secretary-PETER W. COLLINS, "union" men. There is not a concern in Plerik Building, Springfield, Illinois. the United States that printers would Grandi Treasurer-F. J. SULLIVAN, rather work for than the Curtis Pub­ Pierik Building, Springfield, Dlinols. lishing Company, for they are treated GRAND VI-CE-PRESIDENTS. better and get better pay than anywhere First G. V. P.-JAMES J. REID, else. Furthermore, as long as we could, Erie, Pa. in justice to ourselves, we gave each Second G. V. P.-JAMES P. NOONAN, man a vacation at full pay, which is 1804 McCausland ave., St. Louis, Mo. something unheard of in printing shops, Third G. V. P.-MICHAEL J. SULLIVAN, and we only discontinued this temporar­ 265 Pierce St., San Francisco, Cal. ily when we found we had to work GRAND EXECUTIVE BOARD. nights as well as days to get our editions First District-GEO. C. KING, out, with our present limited facilities. 179 Waverly St., Buffalo, N. Y. 'The' proof of the pudding is in the Second District-JOHN J. McLAUGHLIN. eating,' and the fact that we keep our 111 Saratoga St., E. Boston, Mass. Third District-WM. S. GODSHALL, printers through all conditions that sur­ 5415 Osage ave., Phila., Pa. round the trade is strong proof that the Fourth District-JOHN E. O'CONNOR, Ladies' Home Journal and the Saturday 626 E. 23d st., Paterson, N. J. Evening Post should never be placed on Fifth District-JAMES FITZGERALD, what you call your 'unfair list.' Are such 1924 Leyner St., Des Moines, la. conditions as these conducive to the leav­ Sixth District-WALTER M. GRAHAM, ing out of all the O'Sullivan rubber heel 222 St. Mary St., San Antonio, Texas advertising from these two strongest Seventh Dlstrict-CHAS. P. LOFTHOUSE, 505 E. 25th St., Los Angeles, Cal. publications in America, when you claim to be using the largest appropriation Subscription, $1.00 per Year, In Advance. that you have ever put out in leading magazines? If so, it seems to me that As The Electrical Worker reaches the men the unfairness is entirely with you and who do the work and recommend or order to yourself. the material, Its value as an advertising Yours very truly, medium can be readily appreciated. The Curtis Publishing' Company. Arthur B. Hitchcock, SPRINGFIELD, ILL., JUNE, 1907. Manager New England Offices." The statement contained in the above Advertising rates may be secured by writ­ letter, so far as it relates to the printers, ing to the Editor. is absolutely false. The Curtis Publish­ ing Uompany, publishers of the Saturday This Journal will not be heZd, responsi­ Evening Post and the Ladies Home Jour­ ble for views expressed, by correspondents. nal, does not employ any union printers and its compoSing room is not an "open The First Of each month is the closing shop," as none but non-union men work date; aU copy must be in our han as on therein. The above publications are un­ or before. fair. Union men do not buy or read them, nor do they patronize people who advertise in them . .~ J. W. HAYS, Illinois State Journal Co., Springfield. Representing the I. T. U. in Philadelphia. THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 17

On January 12th, our brother, G. P. Members are hereby notified that Lo­ Wood, better known as "Smoky" Wood, cal No. 62 of Youngstown, Ohio, are on lost his right leg just below the knee, and strike against the Youngs'town Telephone bas just got out of the Hospital. Company and outside men are advised to He would like very much to hear from keep away until difficulty is settled. some of his friends, especially the fol­ OLIVER MYERS, lowing: P. D. C. No.6, 1st Dist., I. B. E. W. "Paddy' Barr, "Kid" McGivern, Charlie Botsford, "Jack" Hanley, "Spike" Hay, INFORMATION NOTICES. "Jack" Stibs, Harry Thornton, Joe Harris, Con Douglas, Fred Gellett, "Bill" Nichols, If any brother can give any informa­ "Billy" Martine, Sam McIntyre. As well tion as to the whereabouts of Bro. Albert as the above named, he would be glad to J. Davis, Card No. 1592, would do his bear from any of his other friends. parents a great favor. Address Kindly notify G. P. WOOD, W. J. NEUMANN, care Jno. L. Watters, 918 North Avenue, St. Anthony and Water sts., Youngstown, O. Mobile, Ala. If Bro. L. N. Burris sees this, please That the strike in New York was offi­ communicate with Ike Taylor, 425 North cially declared off April 8, 1907, and that Ninth street, Quincy, Illinois, as he is sav­ Local No.3 is now to be known as the ing a valuable dog for him. Inside Electrical Workers of Greater New Yours fraternally, York, and that the members of the local H. STERLING, union having been transferred to the In­ 410lh Maine st. side Electrical Workers of Greater New York, as per agreement with the Em­ Sh"Ould Bert Shipley or anyone know­ ployers Association. We will accept trav­ ing his address see this they will confer eling cards from now on as per agree­ quite a favor to him and others by writ­ ment and constitution. ing to Russell Bacon, 223 W. Second st., Yours fraternally, Oklahoma City, Okla. ER:<"EST KUMMEL. Recording Sec. Wanted-To know the whereabouts of One Berry C. Cox, Card No. 170805, ex­ Bro. C. C. Phipps. Last heard of in Financial Secretary of Local No. 511, of Huntington, Ind. Any brother knowing Jackson, Tenn., has been suspended on his address, please write C. L. Snedaker, account of non-payment of dues and mis­ 1209 West Market street, Louisville, Ky. appropriation of the above Local's funds. Said Berry C. Cox is now in Memphis, Tenn. C. A. ANDERSON, Pres. RESOLUTION. F. W. CARR, F. S. Resolutions have been adopted by Local Union No. 398 of St. Cloud, Minn., on 'Pittsburg, Pa. the death of the wife of Brother Gotlieb Will J. Lozier, Card No. 25032', who Gehrenbeck. took a traveling card from No. 79, Syra­ cuse, N. Y. in April, please communicate with Mrs. Irene Denke, 6618 Butler street, LIST OF FLOATING MEMBERS. Pittsburg, Pa. He will get news of ma­ Clark, Henry, Card No. 87897. terial interest to himself. Childerc, R. W., Card No. 87900. Fraternally, J. A. GROVES. Cress, G. C., Card No. 87904. Dillman, C. P., Card No. 87865. Local Unions No. 142 of Wheeling and Harris, A. E., Card No. 87903. No. 246 of Steubenville are on strike Hackley, J. C., Card No. 87912. against the Bell Telephone Company and Morgan, C. A., Card No. 87916. the National Telephone Company. Phillips, Arthur, Card No. 87891. May 27, 1907. Piterson, M. A., Card No. 87917. Reinsmith, Fred, Card No. 87932. Difficulty in entire Inter-Mountain Dis­ Rosenberger, H., Card No. 87921. trict. No traveling cards accepted until Smith, L. R., Card No. 87902. further notice. L. LYNN, Speers, T. V., Card No. 87904. President District Council. Vanzickle, H. R., Card No. 87911. Wells, Edgar, Card No. 87899. Reed, G. J., Card No. 87886. STRIKE NOTICES. Sullivan, W. S., Card No. 87907. All linemen and wiremen are requested N. F. Whittaker, Card No. 87936. to stay away from Spokane, Wash., for If any of the above members see this the present. F. M. ALLEN, notice please write to Chas. G. Criswell, F. S., L. U. No. 73. 810 State street, Springfield, Mo. 18 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER LABOR ORGANIZATION AND LABOR POLITICS, 1827-37. E publIsh herewith an interesting phia started probably the first wage-earn­ historical review by Prof. John R. ers' paper ever published,-the Mechanics' mCommons, who il!! now connected Free Press,-antedating, in January, 1828, with the Wisconsin University, but the first similar journal in England by who at one time was an active member of two years. A three years' file of the paper the printers' union. It will be seen by the is preserved in perfect condition by the article that Prof. Commons claims that Pennsylvania Historical Society. The trade unions originated in this country political movement, begun in Philadel­ instead of in England and that it was the phia, was taken up by New York, Albany. labor organizations which started and car­ and Troy in 1829, by Boston in 1830, and ried out all industrial reforms and that by other places in the same years. It they were the pioneers in many political disappeared altogether in 1831 after the reforms: older political parties had borrowed its planks and captured its leaders. LABOR ORGANIZATION AND LABOR POLITICS, But the trades' union was again inau­ 1827-37. gurated two years later, in 1833, this time England is considered the home of with a resolution learned from experience trade-unionism, but the distinction belongs to "keep out of politics." New York now to Philadelphia. Modern trade-unionism took the lead, and organized the "General as an industrial and pOlitical force began Trades' Union," bringing the name from with the coming together of previously England. Baltimore and Philadelphia. existing societies from the several trades quickly followed, and in the next four to form a central body on the representa­ years there were trades' unions in a dozen tive principle. Working by themselves, cities from Boston to Washington, and these isolated societies could accomplish even as far west as Louisville. In New but little in the face of hostile govern­ York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia these ments and employers. Consequently, they trades' unions were remarkably aggres­ inclined to secrecy or to cloak their move­ sive and successful, and certainly in Phil­ ments under the garb of friendly benefits. adelphia in 1835 and 1836 there was a But when they formed a representatives larger proportion of the population en­ body:, they came out in the open, they en­ rolled as members of labor organizations couraged each other in the spirit of ag­ than there has been at any time in the gressiveness, they greatly increased their seventy years that have followed. membership, they organized the workmen In 1834 these local unions formed a in trades previously unorganized. This national association, which they called was the real beginning, not only of trade­ "The National Trades' Union," with a. unions, but even of the term "trades constitution and officers. Although En­ union." For the term indicated originally g-land also had its so-called national or· not a union in a trade, but a union of ganization in 1834 under the stimulus of trade "societies." The latter was the Robert Owen, this fell to pieces in six usual name of the isolated organizations. months, while the National Trades' Union The general public, however, which first in the United States held three conven­ came to know them and to take alarm tions with increasing influence in 1834, when these societies joined themselves in 1835, and 1836. The national union In a union of trades, transferred the name of England covered a few counties: the one the representative body to the primary in America stretched from Boston to Cin­ body. So that at the present time what cinnati. The American movement was was originally a trades' union has sought not imported from England: it was an other names, such as Central Labor indigenous product of American condi­ Union, Trades Council, Trades Assembly, tions, and its leaders were American-born. or Federation of Labor. Although the daily papers of this time in The first trades' union in England was America aboud with news of strikes and that of Manchester, organized in 1829, with editorials of advice to restless me­ although there seems to have been an chanics, yet the remarkable national labor attempt to organize one in 1824. But the organization that backed these strikes first one in America was the "Mechanics' was barely mentioned, and has been as Union of Trade Associations," organized utterly forgotten as the lost tribes of in Philadelphia in 1827, two years earlier. Israel or the continent of Atlantis. The name came from Manchester, but the The authentic sources from which to thing from Philadelphia. Neither union learn of these associations are the labor lasted long. The Manchester union lived papers; and it is fortunate that these two years, and the Philadelphia union one have been preserved in unexpected abund· year. But the Manchester union died, and ance in a few libraries. Out of some forty the Philadelphia union metamorphosed titles the principal ones have been located into politics. Here, again, Philadelphia through the search set up by the Ameri­ was the pioneer, for it called into being can Bureau of Industrial Research. Aside the first labor party. Not only this, but from the Mechanics' Free Press, already through the Mechanics' Union Philadel- mentioned, the most valued is a daily THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 19 paper,-The Man,-published for sixteen disappeared entirely in 1830, and the months in 1834 and 1835 under the in­ American politician had learned for the fluence of the trades' union of New York. first time how to split the labor vote. It was found, after six days' excavation In New York the movement of 1829 was by two men in overalls, in the storeroom much more complicated than it was in of the New York Historical Society. An­ Philadelphia, more radical in its demands, other discovery is the file of the Working more distinct in its cleavages of classes, Man's Advocate of 1829-30, the flrst of the and attended with greater immediate suc­ New York labor papers, preserved these cess. It began with a L..eeting called to seventy-five years by the Workingmen's protest against increased hours of labor. Institute of New Harmony, Indiana. The The meeting adopted an agrarian pream,­ Library of Congress has the National ble drawn up by a mechanic, Thomas Laborer, the organ in 1836 of the Phila­ Skidmore, and transporting into econo­ delphia union and the National Trades' mics the Declaration of Independence, Union. Other libraries, including the They resolved that "the Creator has made Oneida Historical Society, the Delaware all equal," and that "in the first formation Historical Society, the Lynn Public, the of government no man gives up to others' Wisconsin Historical Society, and the his original right of soil and becomes a New York Public, have scattering num­ smith, a weaver, a builder, or other me­ bers, which, when placed together, give chanic or laborer, without receiving a often a fairly complete file. These papers guaranty that reasonable toil shall enable contain constitutions and by-laws, official him to live as comfortable as others." proceedinge of the local trades-unions, They contemplated a strike, and not a and detailed reports of the national con­ political party. Six months later they ventions more complete even than those nominated a ticket selected tellectual." whIch the Knights of Labor or the Amer­ In each convention they discussed by lot, ican Federation of Labor have published and adopted another agrarian platform, of their proceedings. It is intended to again drawn up by Skidmore, and acciden­ prepare a union finding list of these tally elected a carpenter to the legislature. papers for the use of librarians and stu­ Three months later they ousted Skidmore, dents, and more especially to reprint, both and took up Robert Dale Owen. He per­ from labor papers and employers' organs, suaded them to renounce agrarianism and such material as has documentary value. to indorse free education, but his free In this way it is hoped that these forgot­ schools were to take the children away ten fore· runners of American 'labor organ­ from their parents, to dress, feed, shelter, ization and labor politics will stand forth and teach them alike. He would substi­ as they actually were in the storm and tute for Skidmore'S communism of prop­ stress of that significant period in our erty a Pestalozzian communism of educa­ history. tion. On this the party split. Tammany The labor movement of this period has finished the disruption by enacting the usually been treated as a communistic or mechanics' lien law,-the first law of its agrarian agitation, but this is because our kind to protect the journeyman as well as knowledge of it comes only from the the contractor. Four workingmen's tick­ papers hostile to it or from Robert Dale ets then came into the field. The biggest Owen's Free Enquirer. Robert Owen had vote went to Tammany and the smallest founded New Harmony in 1825 with an to Skidmore. Thus Tammany won its amount of advertising never before or first success as the "workingman's friend," since secured for a radical program. When and socialists had their prototype in the his followers scattered after 1827, they agrarians. attached themselves to whatever elements Outside Philadelphia and New York the dissatisfied with political and industrial workingmen's party included small em­ conditions would give them a hearing. ployers. In Boston its platform appealed As soon, however, as the import of their to "laboring men, mechanics, tradesmen, teachings was understood, the mechanics farmers, and others standing upon the and workingmen withdrew support, and same level." So in Charleston, Wilming­ limited their movement to the immediate ton, and elsewhere. The class division of demands of legislation or of trade-unions. employer and employee was as yet limited The Mechanics' Union of Philadelphia to a few localities. Labor politics was a sprang from an unsuccessful strike of the part of the general protest of the times carpenters for a ten-hour day. There the raised by the "productive classes" against labor party held the balance of power in "aristocracy." two elections, and all of its candidates Four years of inaction followed the dis­ who were indorsed by the Adams and ruption. The stage was filled by Jackson Jackson parties were elected. Even the and the Bank. When the Bank disap­ Congressional candidates of the older par­ peared its place was taken by a host of ties flung out their banners as the "true State banks with a fiood of paper money. working men's party," and appropriated In 1835 and 1836 prices and the cost of the slogan of "6 to 6," which the working­ living rose 50 to 100 per cent. Wages did men had used to indicate their demand not rise in the same proportion. The in­ for the ten-hour day. The labor' party flation came so suddenly that wage- 20 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

earners could not escape to the free lands convention discussed pOlitics. The con­ of the frontier. They were caught in a troversy raged back and forth exactly as trap. They turned to their newly found it does today; and, finally, the convention trades' unions and to their National excluded the word "pOlitical" from its Trades' Union, which had held its first objects and substiiuted the word "in­ convention in 1834. They attributed to education, public lands, immigration, these organizations a permanence and child labor, female labor, prison labor, grandeur pathetic in view of the collapse lotteries, banking, and co-operation. three years later, but excusable in view The results of the labor movement of of the victories meanwhile. Not until 1827 to 1837 can only be suggested. Here thirty years afterwards, in a similar in­ were the beginnings not only of the gen­ flation of the Civil War, did organized eral organization of labor, but also of labor appear again in similar vigor. The humanitarian and reform movements. Trades' Union of 1833 was a generation The industrial revolution was under way, ahead of the industrial conditions that but its substantial basis-the railway­ give organized labor endurance. It was was not yet a factor. In general, the not an industrial revolution, as in En­ period was that of the sudden and rough gland, but a financial inflation, that pro­ awakening of labor as a distinct element voked the labor movement of 1835. in American history. For the first time The many strikes of 1835-36 are well magazines and newspapers gave space to known. The fact that they were sys­ labor problems. Humanitarians began to tematically supported by extensive organ­ examine the conditions of working and izations of labor is not so well known. living. Politcians put labor planks in The climax was reached in 1736. Prices their platforms. Protectionism framed continued to rise, and the societies contin­ its pauper labor argument, and manu­ ued to strike. Their successes were in­ facturers proceded to capitalize the labor spIrmg. The trades' unions supported movement. Some demands were imme­ them with enthusiasm and devotion. Dues diately granted, others remotely. Impris­ were increased and donations added to onment for debt disappeared before 1835. dues. Finally, the ominous sign of over­ Free schools became general before 1850. organization appeared. Jurisdictional Mechanics' liens have spread from New struggles began. Blacksmiths protested York to all other states. The ten-hour against horseshoers, and hand-loom weav­ day became the standard. Juries began ers against factory weavers. These were to return verdicts of "not guilty" in labor not settled when the panic of 1837 stopped conspiracies. The importance of free land everything, and the trades' unions disap­ as an outlet for labor was first realized, peared when the wage-earners' employ­ and leaders of ilie homestead agitation ment ceased. learned their lesson in the predicament of The issues that aroused the wage­ the trades' unions of 1835. Although earners may be learned from the debates temporary and forgotten, the labor upris­ in their conventions. The first national ing of the thirties had permanent results.

WAIT A MINUTE.

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS' MONTHLY JOURNAL.

And what's a minute that one should reports, the United States collected $639 bother about it? and spent $461-$178 more than neces· It isn't much, yet if 59 others wasted a sary. The interest on the public debt minute each a whole hour has been was $96 a minute, or just exactly equal wasted. to the amount of silver mined in that Have you ever stopped to think what time. may happen in a minute, or what a In the minute you have waited, 15 kegs minute of time means in this country. of nails have been made, 12 bales of cot­ alone? ton were produced, 36 bushels of grain Well, as you are keeping someone wait­ made into H9 gallons of spirits, while ing while you waste just a minute of your $66 in gold was taken from the earth. time, and of others, a whole lot of things In the same time the United States mints have been accomplished. turned out coin to the values of $1Z1. Every minute 600 pounds of wool grow Suppose you waste 100 minutes each in this country, and we have to dig 61 day for a year; you have wasted 600 tons of anthracite coal and 200 tons of hours, or 60 working days, equal to two bituminous coal, while of pig iron we full months. turn out 12 tons, and of steel three tons. Have you ever figured out the value of Each minute, night and day, by the official time this way? THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 21 THE LORE OF UNIONISM.

History of the Labor Movement to be Preserved-In Interest or Posterity-Great Libra:t:y of Labor being Gathered at the University of Wisconsin-Plans Provide For the Reprinting of Rare and Valu- able Documents.

BUREAU of industrial research has tional industrial congresses, on through • been organized by the University the similar movements of the middle of of Wisconsin for the purpose of the century, and the national labor union mpreserving the early history of the history just after the civil war with its labor movement in America. It should be leaders William H. Sylvis, Ira Steward of great interest to the old timers in the and Dick Trevellick, one finds the records trades union world as well as those 0:C very difficult to obtain. the younger generation. To those mem­ To meet on sympathetic ground men bers of the labor unions who today enjoy like George E. McNeill, Edward H. Rogers an eight hour day it will be of interest and Frank K. Foster; to talk for an hour to read the history of the men who battled with Joe Buchanan, the mysterious Victor with equal earnestness for the nine and Drury, F. A. Stone, Lucien Sanial, John ten hour day. The university has issued Jarrett, A. Strasser and Benjamin R. a leaflet dealing with several of the ear­ Tucker; to rummage through barrels and liest labor publications and the men who boxes of half forgotten lore with Thomas edited them, which says in part: Phillips, Frederick Turner, Joe Labadie, It is genuine pleasure to meet these Voltairine de Claire and Pete McGuire has men. It is worth while to catch some of been no small privilege. The mere men­ their enthusiasm. Many of them entered tion of these few from a long list of the labor movement along with Horace names will call up glad and sad memories Greeley and Albert Brisbane, and Haw­ in the minds of thousands. thorne's "Blithedale Romance" reminds It's a great story, and some time when not a few of the humanitarian awakening it is rightly told it will mean much to which roused the great minds and hearts future generations of men. of the period of fifty and sixty years ago. If the signs of the times indir-ate any­ To one who has interviewed scores of thing to the man who walks among men, these men and thereby caught an intimate it is that a still greater struggle is before glimpse of their early strife days the us. For the good of our own people, for thought of such real pioneers as Seth the cause of civilization, every lamp of Luther, Eli Moore and Fanny Wright of experience should be made to throw its the almost forgotten labor struggle of the light upon the causes and conditions of thirties brings a. feeling of profound re­ our present industrial order. gret that our permanent records are so In recent years a number of people have few. become interested in such a plan, and Who would guess from the written his­ they have organized the American bureau tory of that time that more than sixty of industrial research to carryon the papers "devoted to the cause of the work­ work. This is made possible through the ingman" were published in this country private subscriptions of interested men during the decade 1827-37? By some hap­ and women throughout the country. py chance a few of these papers have lain The work has already made substantial buried away in obscure corners for three­ progress. Into a central fireproof build­ quarters of a century, and anyone with ing have been gathered records which re­ half a soul who turns their yellowed pages flect great industrial movements hardly and reads their story must feel somewhat mentioned by American historians and like one who stands before a monument yet full of significance in their relation to of some past civilization as he realizes the methods of social control. Hundreds that- of papers and thousands of pamphlets, cir­ culars and letters reflecting the move­ Even a rag like this ments of the people in their efforts to Survives him, his tomb, maintain their sovereignty here from a And all that's his. great library of labor. Plans provide for reprints in several volumes of the rarest Passing down through this pioneer per­ and most valuable documents. These will iod with its ten hour movement and na- be sold to the libraries of the country at 22 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

cost of printing alone. Then, too, there copies of papers, convention proceedings, will be a "History of Industrial Demo­ constitutions and letters Is urged to com­ cracy in America," written in bright, municate with the American bureau of readable style and handled by one of the industrial research, University of WIscon­ best known publishers. Anyone having sin, Madison, Wis.

ABSURDITIES OF USELESS LEARNING.

BY BOLINGBlWKE.

OME histories are to be read, some is collected with design, and cultivated are to be studied, and some may with art and method, it will be at all be neglected entirely, not only times of immediate and ready use to him­ ~ without detriment, but with ad- sel! and others. vantage. Some are the proper objects of Thus useful arms in magazines we one man's curiosity, some of another's, place, and some of all men's; but all history is All ranged in order, and disposed not an object of curiosity for any man. with grace; He who improperly, wantonly, and ab­ Nor thus alone the curious eye to surdly makes it so, indulges a sort of ca­ please, nine appetite; the curiosity of one, like But to be found when need requires, the hunger of the other, devours raven­ with ease. ously, and without distinction, whatever falls in its way, but neither of them di­ You remember the verses, my lord, in gests. They heap crudity upon crudity, our friend's Essay on Criticism, which and nourish and improve nothing but was the work of his childhood almost; their distemper. Some such characters I but is such a monument of good sense have known, though it is not the most and poetry, as no other, that I know, has common extreme into which men are apt raised in his riper years. to fall. One of them I knew in this coun­ He who reads without this discernment .try. He joined to a more than athletic and choice, and resolves to read all, will strength of body, a prodigious memory, not have time, no, nor capacity either, to and to both a prodigious industry. He do any thing else. He will not be able had read almost const~ntly twelve or to think, without which it is impertinent fourteen hours a day for five and twenty to read; nor to act, without which it is or thirty years, and had heaped together impertinent to think. He will assemble as much learning as could be crowded in­ mater!als with much pains, and purchase to a head. In the course of my acquaint­ them at much expense, and have neither ance with him, I consulted him once or leisure nor skill to frame them into prop· twice, not oftener; for I found this mass er scantlings, or to prepare them for use. of learning of as little use to me as to the To what purpose should he husband his owner. The man was communicative time, or learn architecture? he has no enough; but nothing was distinct in his design to build. But then to what pur­ mind. How could it be otherwise? he pose all these quarries of stone, all these had never spared time to think; all was mountains of sand and lime, all these for­ employed in reading. His reason had not ests of oak and deal? the merit of common mechanism. When THE USE OF HISTORY. you press a watch, or pull a clock, they To teach and to inCUlcate the general answer your question with precision; for prinCiples of virtue, and the general rules they repeat exactly the hour of the day, of wisdom and good policy which result and tell you neither more nor less than from such details of actions and char­ you desire to know. But when you asked acters, comes, for the most part, and al­ this man a question, he overwhelmed you ways should come, expressly and directly by pouring forth all that the several into the design of those who are capable terms or words of your question recalled of giving such details; and, therefore, to his memory; and if he omitted any­ whilst they narrate as historians, they thing, it was that very thing to which hint often as philosophers: they put into the sense of the whole question should our hands, as it were, on every proper oc­ have led him or confined him. To ask casion, the end of a clue, that serves to him a question was to wind up a spring remind us of searching, and to guide us in his memory, that rattled on with vast in the search of that truth which the rapidity and confused noise, till the force example before us either establishes or of it was spent; and you went away with illustrates. If a writer neglects this part, all the noise in your ears stunned and we are able, however, to supply his neg­ uniformed. ' lect by our own attention and industry: He who reads with discernment and and when he gives us a good history of choice, will acquire less learning, but Peruvians or Mexicans, of Chinese or more knowledge; and as this knowledge Tartars, of Muscovites or Negroes, we I THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 23 may blame him, but we must blame our­ trary modes, according to that infinite selTes much more, if we do not make it variety of laws and customs which is a good lesson of philosophy. This being established for the same universal end, the general use of history, it is not to be the preservation of society. We shall feel neglected. Every one may make it who the same revolution of seasons, and the is able to read, and to refiect on what he same sun and moon will guide the course reads; and everyone who makes it will of our year. The same azure vault, be­ find, in his degree, the benefit that arises spangled with stars, will be everywhere from an early acquaintance contracted in spread over our heads. There is no part this manner with mankind. We are not of the world from whence we may not only passengers or sojourners in this admire those planets which roll, like world, but we are absolute strangers at ours, in ·different orbits, round the same the first steps we make in it. Our guides central sun; from whence we may not are often ignorant, often unfaithful. By discover an object still more stupendous, this map of the country, which history that army of fixed stars hung up in the spreads before us, we may learn, if we immense space of the universe; innumer­ please, to guide ourselves. In our jour­ able suns, whose beams enlighten and ney through it, we are beset on every cherish the unknown worlds which roll side. We are besieged sometimes, even around them: and whilst I am ravished in our strongest holds. Terrors and by such contemplations as these, whilst temptations, conducted by the passions of my soul is thus raised up to heaven, it other men, assault us; and our own pas­ imports me little what ground I tread sions, that correspond with these, betray upon. us. History is a collection of the journals FORTUNE NOT TO BE TRUSTED. of those who haTe traveled through the The sudden invasion of an enemy over­ same country, and been exposed to the throws such as are not on their guard; same accidents: and their good and their but they who forsee the war, and prepare ill success are equally instructive. In themselves for it before it breaks out, this pursuit of knowledge an immense stand without difficulty the first and the field is opened to us: general histories, fiercest onset. I learned this important sacred and profane; the histories of par­ lesson long ago, and never trusted to for­ ticular countries, particular events, par­ tune, even while she seemed to be at ticular orders, particular men; memories, peace with me. The riches, the honors, anecdotes, travels. But we must not ram­ the reputation, and all the advantages ble in this field without discernment or which her treacherous indulgence poured choice, nor even with these must we ram­ upon me, I placed so, that she might ble too long. snatch them away without giving me any disturbance. I kept a great interval THE"WORLD OUR COUNTRY. between me and them. She took them, Whatever is best is safest; lies out of but she could not tear them from me. the reach of human power; can neither No man suffers by bad fortune but he be given nor taken away. Such is this who has been deceived by good. If we great and beautiful work of nature, the grow fond of her gifts, fancy that they world. Such is the mind of man, which belong to us, and are perpetually to re­ contemplates and admires the world, main with us; if we lean upon them, and whereof it makes the noblest part. These expect to be considered for them, we are inseparably ours, and as long as we shall sink into all the bitterness of grief, remain in one, we shall enjoy the other. as soon as these false and transitory ben­ Let us march, therefore, intrepidly where efits pass away; as soon as our vain and ever we are led by the course of human childish minds, unfraught with solid accidents. Wherever they lead us, on pleasures, become destitute even of those what coast soever we are thrown by them, which are imagi)lary. But, if we do not we shall not find ourselves absolutely suffer ourselves to be transported with strangers. We shall meet with men and prosperity, neither shall we be reduced women, creatures of the same figure, en­ by adversity. Our souls will be proof dowed with the same faculties, and born against the dangers of both these states: under the same laws of nature. and having explored our strength, we We shall see the same virtues and vices, shall be sure of it; for in the midst of flowing from the same principles, but felicity we shall have tried how we can varied in a thousand different and con- bear misfortune.

AN FRANCISCO is fortunate in the to handle a situation such as now exists presence of Messrs. Valentine, Mc­ in San Francisco. The public and the Nulty and Mahon, the national ex­ ~ ecutive officers of the Iron Molders, local unions of the trades in question Electrical Workers and Street-Carmen re­ may consider themselves fortunate in the spectively. These gentlemen are known assurance of good guidance tuus afforded throughout the country for their capacity them.-Seaman's Journal. 24 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER A SHORTER WORKDAY.

Eight Hours for Work, Eight Hours for""Sleep, Eight Hours to be a Man.

Much light is thrown upon the import­ as they had in nine hours. As it was, ant and much agitated social economic the day's performance even increased 3.3 question of the proper number of labor­ per cent, or one-thirtieth of the former ing hours by an article in the Berlin day's work. Nation, from the pen of Robert Schultze_ The experiences at Woolwich arsenal, The authoritative data adduced are in England, recounted by Abbe, are like­ drawn from actual, substantial experi­ wise instructive. There, too, it was shown ment, and all of them are distinctly fav­ that the decrease of working time from orable to the eight-hour limit. Following nine to eight hours involved no diminu­ are some of the leading points: tion of accomplishment, although the Two questions are generally prominent laborers were under the influence of the in discussions as to the expediency of trades unions, which sought to obtain shorter working hours. To what extent work for the unemployed by means of re­ can a diminution of time be equalized by duced hours. a more intense activity, and does this Into the reasons which lead to this greater exertion involve a more rapid seeming paradoxical development, Abbe waste of human working power? Usually likewise instituted a thorough research. in judging of the significance of the vari­ The fact that in entirely different forms ous movements in question, feeling rather of occupation and among different people, than experience plays the leading role. a reduction of working hours exhibits a Among the few who have exerted them­ like favorable effect, naturally gives rise selves to bring these important problems to the presumption that it must be due to nearer to a satisfactory solution, Ernst certain general causes. The division of Abbe, the manager of Carl Zeiss' optical labor, supposedly accountable for the tre­ factory at Jena, who died last year, de­ mendous technical advance of the last serves foremost mention. Two addresses decades, has given almost all industrial regarding the importance of shorter labor a peculiar stamp inasmuch as the working hours, which he delivered in that uniform daily activity results in a con­ city in 1901, were based upon the results tinuous fatigue of the same organs. Such of his methodical investigations. Zeiss' recurring, uniform fatigue of the human optical factory-thanks to Abbe's social­ body may, however, be endured only if political insight-was the pioneer estab­ it can be exactly counterbalanced by the lishment where a diminution of working resting time and by nutrition, before next time and a considerable diminution was day's work. The least deficit in recuper­ introduced. In 1891 the working day was ative strength must necessarily lead to reduced to nine hours, and this was con­ a gradual destruction of the organism. tinued until 1900. That year the man­ The fatigue of the workman is caused agement, after putting the question to by three concurrent factors: (1) The vote among the workmen, reduced it still amount of daily product; (2) the rapidity further-to eight hours. The wages were with which he works, whereby it must be to continue the same as for nine hours, taken into account that an increase of as it was expected that collectively as energy is really perceptible only with ma­ much work would be done in eight as had terially accelerated intensity; (3) the ex­ been done in nine hours. Before the ex­ penditure of energy depending solely piration of the first year it could be veri­ upon the time consumed at the place of fied that neither a diminution of per­ work; the workman must remain in the formance nor over taxation of the labor­ same bodily pOSition, standing or sitting ers, not even of the older ones, was to be eight or ten hours, working under the noted. In order to facilitate investiga­ same strain or attention, and so on. In tion, it was confined to laborers who were consideration of these circumstances at least twenty-one a year before the Abbe reached the conclusion that there eight-hour rule was introduced and had must be an optimum for every workman; been working in the factory at least three that is, a minimum time of labor result­ years-the total being 233. The facts ing in the largest output. He was con­ thus gleaned are very instructive. The vinced that at least three-fourths of all writer gives tables which indicate that the industrial workers did not attain the hourly earning capacity had increased this optimum with nine hours' labor, nor in the proportion of 100: 116.2. If the in­ overstep it with eight, and that it was, crease had been in the proportion of therefore, possible in almost every do­ 190:11Z.5 it.would signify that the work­ main of industry to change not only to men had earned exactly as much in eight nine, but to eight hours, working at a THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 25 reasonable tempo, without any diminu­ tellectual development of the laborer as· tion or deterioration of the work. Na­ the decisive element of his proficiency. turally he meant a gradual, not a sud­ Long hours result in having the natural den change to eight hours. intelligence of the lower strata in great The point is to gradually accustom part lie fallow. The industrial division of labor involves beyond doubt intellec­ people who have been used to .dwadling, tual desolation through its uniformity. to acquire the degree of normal fatigue, The point, therefore, is to give the work­ as it were, which may be balanced by ingman a chance by shorter hours to use next day through rest and nourishment. their native intelligence; to enable them, Abbe's chief ground for repeating the in spite of the monotony of their work, demand over and over: "Eight hours' to employ their understanding, to regard work, eight hours' sleep, eight hours to with interest things outside their task.­ be a man," was that he regarded the in- Review of Reviews.

A FOOLISH CAMPAIGN.

EDITOR WASHINGTON TIMES.

The National Manufacturers' Associa­ were not destroyed then, and will not be tion is going to raise a fund of $1,500,000 destroyed now. to be used in fighting union labor and la­ The railroad managers solved the prob­ bor unionism, provided its members will lem of their relations with the unions by go down into their pockets and contribute recognizing them, dealing with them as their money for the purpose. Of that con­ organizations, making them responsible siderable doubt may be entertained, de­ encouraging them to place their strong: spite that this organization has been tra­ est, ablest, most skillful men in charge of ditionally opposed to unions. their business. Today there is no com­ plaint by the railroads against labor or­ The labor union is just as inevitable ganization. Strikes are almost unknown, as the trust, the combination, the c~n­ the men are satisfied, and the corpora­ tralization of industry, the one great CIty tions feel a security that was unknown to where formerly many villages might have them un.til they had recognized their em­ flourished. Men who themselves, as lead­ ployes as intelligent. well-intentioned ing manufacturers, are engaged in this people, who enjoyed the same right to inevitable process of organizing and cen­ organize that the Government has con­ tralizing should be the first to recognize ferred upon corporations. how useless it is to stand out against When the National Manufacturers' As­ manifest destiny. Yet under the domina­ sociation gets far enough away from the tion of David M. Parry these men seem fatuous policy that David M. Parry im­ to have become blinded to the things that posed upon it, it will begin to be far more everybody else could see. useful to its members and to the com­ The labor union has good points and munity than it ever can be under that bad points. What it needs is recognition policy. The assumption that the right and responsibility, not opposition that in­ and privilege of organization and co-oper­ evitably develops irresponsibility. Mr. ation are to be reserved for the benefit Parry and his association are fighting the of a small minority of the community, unions with which they have to deal, just while they are to be uenied to the ma­ as the railroads thirty years, and even jority, will never prevail in this country. fifteen years ago, opposed the organiza­ It might obtain in Russia for a while, tions of railroad employes. The unioni:l but not even there permanently.

CALF and a rope, providing that If the matter was not too serious for a ~ the rope is long enough, have but joke the idiotic brutality of the Times' one ending. The Los Angeles B editor might be looked upon as funny, but Times is just at present out-doing itself in the matter of brutal attacks upon unfortunately the fact remains that the men, women or children who may attempt girls are fighting for what is more pre­ to better their conditions by organization. cious to them than anything else, namely, Here is a sample of its editorial policy: their health and all that comes to a girl "The fool telephone girls insist on strik­ ing for shorter hours at night when the with health. sole reason the company had in the longer If there is a hell for those who assist hours was in the protection it afforded the in the destruction of motherhood the girls in giving them daylight for their Times' staff will fill a warm corner.-Los journey home." Angeles Citizen. 26 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER ARBITRATION IN CANADA. The Canadian Parliament has passed a Section 24 declares that it during the compulsory arbitration bill that ought to hearing of a disputed question before the do away with strikes in the Dominion for­ Board, a settlement is arrived at by the ever, and it ought, as well, to encourage parties interested, it shall be so declared the corporations therein to further en­ by the Board and be binding on both croachments on the rights of their em­ parties, according to Section 62 of the Act, ployes. which declares in effect that if either When the bill was first offered to Par­ party to a dispute, at any time before the liament the railroad organizations were Board has made its report, agrees to be not included, but later on every organiza­ bound by the decision of the Board, the tion, or form of labor association was in­ decision will be binding, if the other party cluded in this Act. agrees in like manner. Sections 56 and 57 are the principal In that event, the recommendation will sections of the law and read as follows: be the rule of the court and enforcible by "56. It shall be unlawful for any em­ it. Section 25 of the Act declares that if ployer to declare or cause a lockout, or for a settlement is not arrived at, the Board any employe to go on strike, on account will make a complete report to the Minis· of any dispute prior to or during a refer­ ter of Labor, setting forth everything that ence of such dispute to a Board of Con­ has been done during the progress of the ciliation and Investigation under the pro­ hearing. visions of this Act, or prior to or during An objectionable feature of the bill is a reference under the provisions concern­ found in Section 57, which declares that ing· railway disputes in the Conciliation thirty days' notice shall be given before and Labor Act; provided that nothing in there can be any change affecting condi­ this Act shall prohibit the suspension or tions of employment, and until the ques· discontinuance of any industry or of the tion in dispute has been referred to a working of any person therein for any Board and decided, neither of the parties cause not constituting a lockout or strike: shall do anything to change the condi­ Provided also that, except where the part­ tions of employment. ies have entered into an agreement under. This means that if the employes of a section 62 of this Act, nothing in this corporation are dissatisfied with their con­ Act shall be held to restrain any employer ditions of employment, they must give from declaring a lockout, or any employe thirty days' notice of their intention to from going on strike in respect of any dis­ try to have them changed. After the pute which has been duly referred to a thirty days' notice has been given, they Board and which has been dealt with will then be at liberty to take up the under Section 24 or 25 of this Act, or in questions with their employers, and the respect of any dispute which has been the regular methods of procedure as are now subject ofa reference under the provi­ in operation by the railway organizations sions concerning railway disputes in the would postpone definite action in very Conciliation and Labor Act. many instances for the next five or six "57. Employers and employes shall months. give at least thirty days' notice of an in­ During this time, it would be impossible tended change affecting conditions of em­ for an organization to take any steps to ployment with respect to wages or hours; enforce its demands in the regular way. and in every case where a dispute has The effectiveness of the labor organiza­ been referred to the Board, until the dis­ tions in Canada is seriously hampered by pute has been finally dealt with by the this compulsory reference of every dis­ Board, neither of the parties nor the em­ puted question to a court of arbitration. ployes affected shall alter the conditions The decision to abide by the judgment of of employment with respect to wages or the Board, under certain conditions, re­ hours, or on account of the dispute do or solves the question into one of compulsory be concerned in doing, directly or in­ arbitration in its strictest sense, which is directly, anything in the nature of a lock­ not, strictly speaking, arbitration, but out or strike, or a suspension or discon­ merely the reference of a question to a tinuance of employment or work, but the court of final decision. relationship of employer and employe The advantages of the Act are all with shall continue uninterrupted by the dis­ the employers. If it be thought advisable pute, or anything arising out of the dis­ by the employes to demand the reference pute; but if, in the opinion of the Board of a dispute to the Board, as provided either party uses this or any other pro­ under the Act, it can be taken for granted vision of this Act for the purpose of un­ that their chance to fight it out is not justly maintaining a given condition of considered promising. If, on the other affairs through delay, and the Board so hand, the company chooses to take ad­ reports to the Minister, such party shall vantage of the Act, it has the advantage be guilty of an offense, and liable to the of protecting itself in every way, and it same penalties as are imposed for a viola­ has the further advantage of being al­ I tion of the next preceding section." lowed to use the time the case is before j THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 21 the Board, to collect enough extra em­ pretenses, the measure finally succeeded ployes to take the places of those who in being enacted. The outcome of the law may leave the service, if at the end of will be watched with a great deal of in­ the hearing the employes do not choose to terest by employers and employes in both accept the findings of the Board and pre­ the United States and Canada. fer to exercise their powers as an organ­ The bill clearly interferes with the ization by leaving the service of the com­ rights of the employes as Citizens, because pany. it is difficult to understand by what right There could not have been a surer any legislative body can declare that men method for interfering with the work of a must remain in employment against their labor organization than this bill just will. It is the opinion of the Journal passed by the Dominion Parliament. The that the first time the law does not suit attempt has been made on several occa­ a large corporation, it will be taken into sions to enact a compulsory arbitration the courts and at once be declared uncon­ law in Canada, and, thus far, the name stitutional on the ground that it is a re­ has interfered with its enactment, but, striction of personal Iiberty.-Railroad under a new title, and defended by new Trainmen's Journal.

UNIQUE DECISION.

Property of a Member of Machinist's Union Sold :Under Hammer to Satisfy Costs of Manufacturer in Securing Injunction.

Judge Anderson of the United States to proceed against such individuals Court has rendered a decision in Indian­ among the strikers as had property not apolis which is somewhat unique. exempt under the homestead law. A strike of machinists took place in Louis W. Poehler and Joseph W. Feltz, the Pope Motor Car Company in that two of the striking machinists, were dis­ city and the men proceeded to picket the covered to have unincumbered real estate. plant to prevent non-unionists from being Fee bills were issued against them and e,mployed. The company brought a num­ their property was advertised for sale. ber of men there, but many 'of them never The Poehler property brought $1,500, and reached the plant, being persuaded to re­ as this sum was ample to pay the costs turn to their homes. the Feltz home was not sold. The trust The company applied to the court for company that purchased the property an injunction to prevent the picketing of paid the money into the court and the their shop, which was granted, but not title will pass from Poehler unless he re­ until a large bill of costs had been piled deems it within the next sixty days. up. This the company demanded should The name of Poehler does not appear be paid by the losing party. anywhere in the proceedings except as The injunction had been issued against a member of the Machinists' Union. He the Machinists' Union as an organization was a striker, but was not one of the and against its members as individuals. pickets, nor was he accused of violating The union had no tangible property and the temporary restraining order.-Mi~hi­ the court was asked to instruct its officers gan Union Advocate.

KNOWLEDGE A SOURCE OF DELIGHT.

BY BARROW. Wisdom of itself is delectable and satis­ of life clear, open, and pleasant. We are factory, as it implies a revelation of truth all naturally endowed with a strong ap­ and a detection of error to us. 'Tis likf~ petite to know, to see, to pursue truth; light, pleasant to behold, casting a and with a bashful abhorrency from be­ sprightly lustre, and diffusing a benign ing deceived and entangled in mistake. influence all about; presenting a goodly And as success in inquiry after truth af· prospect of things to the eyes of our fords matter of joy and triumph; so be­ minds; displaying objects in their due ing conscious of error and miscarriage shapes, postures, magnitudes, and colors; therein, is attended with shame and sor­ quickening our spirits with a comfortable row. These desires wisdom in the most warmth, and disposing our minds to a perfect manner satisfies, not by entertain­ cheerful activity; dispelling the darkness ing us with dry, empty, fruitless theories of ignorance, scattering the mists of upon mean and vulgar subjects; but by doubt; driving away the spectres of de­ enriching our minds with excellent and lusive fancy; mitigating the cold of sul­ useful knowledge, directed to the noblest len melancholy; discovering obstacles, se­ objects, and serviceable to the highest curing progress, and making the passages ends. 28 trHE ELECTRICAL WORKER WORKINGMEN'S HOMES.

The New Zealand Government Builds Homes and Lets Them at Fair Rentals.

BY EDWAHU THEGEAH, SECHETARY OF LABOR FOR THAT CO:lIMONWEALTH. "Compulsory arbitration," it was an­ cupier. In the larger cities, where pres­ ticipated, especially by the manual work­ sure is most extreme, cottages have been ers, would greatly augment their wages built on fair sized alottments, but are not and earnings. It has not fulfilled this to be let to persons having incomes ex­ expectation. Wages have been only ceeding $1,000 a year. slightly raised, on the whole, although in The cottages are being freely applied particular trades considerable advance for, and the scheme promises not only to has been made. In other directions the provide homes in which workingmen can gain has been considerable, including bring up families in decency and self­ shorter hours of labor, a minimum living respect, but to relieve the congestion in wage, payment for overtime at increased crowded city streets by reducing the com­ rates and, above all, steadiness and con­ petition for the remaining houses. tinuity of employment. These may be The system thus sketched in outline looked upon as valuable "bi-products" of was by. no means the full extent or limit the Arbitration act, but the direct en­ of the state attempt to provide workers hancement of wages has not resulted. with homes. The Government Advances Even the benefit which should have been to Workers act is best described in its conferred through the advance in wages preamble, which sets forth that it is "An made during the last fifteen years has act to enable the government to assist been more than lost through the still workers in providing homes for them­ greater advance in the cost of the neces­ selves." Its use is limited to persons saries of life. employed in manual or clerical work and Chief of these was the rise in rents, not in receipt of an income of more than most noticeable in the principle cities, $1,000 a year nor owners of any other and particularly in Wellington, the capi­ land except that on which it is intended tal of New Zealand. The rent difficulty to build. .Such a person may obtain a reached so acute a stage that in numerous loan from the government, having a maxi­ cases more than a third of the laborer's mum of $1,750, subject to certain regula­ earnings went for a shelter (often of a tions. The loan is to be for thirty-six poor kind) over the heads of his family, and one-half years at 5 per cent interest and it was evident that the prices charged (less II! per cent if paid within fourteen bore no propq.rtion to the cost of the ac­ days of due date), payable half yearly; commodation provided. but by these payments the loan itself is Therefore it was resolved by Parlia­ extinguished in the time mentioned. Any ment to pass legislation by means of sum greater than the interest named which pleasant homes could be provided may be paid in if convenient, in order to for the working classes, with benefits not hasten the acquittance of the capitalized usually granted by private holders of debt. property. Not only are fair rents to be If, then, the worker does not care to charged (about $2.50 a week), but sink­ obtain a house and land already provided, ing fllnds provided by WhICh, if so do­ he has by this alternative scheme of a sired, a portion of the rent received by money advance an opportunity to make the government is set aside in order that his home in a particular place and build after a few years the house and land may his house in an independent or original become the freehold property of the oc- manner.-The Arena.

NEW KANSAS MOVEMENT.

The action of the Executive Council of tagonistic movements which have accom­ the American Federation of Labor in plished nothing but defeat through di­ taking steps to organize the Kansas State vision. Federation of Labor upon true trade The movement to organize the Kansas union lines is a step in the right direc­ State Federation of Labor is in line with tion. It is a move that guarantees pro­ that movement which has been tried in tection to the interests of all bona fide Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado" trade organizations against the so-called Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, independent, dual, "wild-cat," and an- Indiana, Indian Territory, Iowa, Ken- I THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 29 tucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, When we turn our eyes upon what the Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, unionists of the new State of Oklahoma New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, has accomplished by concerted action North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Oklahoma, through the State Federation of Labor Porto Rico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, under the American Federation of Labor Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Vir­ we can look with great favor upon this ginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wis­ movement to organize the Kansas State consin and British West India. It is the Federation of Labor. same movement. The movement or or­ The following magnificent measures in ganization which time and experience has the interest of the toiling masses and the proven to be the very best yet tried be­ people in general in the new State of Ok­ cause it guarantees protection to the prin­ lahoma was. placed in the constitution: ciple of solidarity to the National and 1. The initiative and referendum. International Trade Organizations. 2. Compulsory education for our chil­ The State Federation of Labor move­ dren. ment guarantees that no independent or 3. Prohibiting the employment of chil­ antagonistic organizations shall be recog­ dren under the age of 15 years in fac­ nized until such time as such organiza­ tories and mines. tion shall abandon the wrong position it 4. A fellow servant law-damages for has taken and join with the legitimate injuries resulting in death shall never be National or International organization of abrogated-and the amount recoverable its craft or calling. It is a movement shall not be subject to statutory limita­ that has for its objects the better organ­ tions. izing of the state upon the right lines; it 5. Eight hours shall constitute a d,ay's is the work of such an organization to work in all cases of employment by and be constantly gathering statistics as to on behalf of the state, or any county or the actual conditions of the various lines municipality, and in the mines. Of wage-earners in that state and notify 6. The state militia shall be subordi­ the National and International officers nate to the civil authority and sh.all be of such crafts of where the interests of called out only by the legislature .. such organization can be advanced by or­ 7. The legislature is empowered to es­ ganizing new organizations or strength­ tablish a state printing plant and to pro­ ening those already in existence. vide for the election or appointment of The State Federation of Labor move­ a state printer. ment has for a part of its object the 8. A mine inspector is provided for bringing of the members of the various who has had eight years' experience as crafts and callings more closely in touch a practical miner in order to hold office. with the interests, objects and aims, of 9. Providing for a labor commissioner. the trade movements and principles of 10. Providing for a commissioner of all legitimate National and International charities to look after the poor and needy. craft organizations and at the same time So, we again say, we indorse the move­ is not supposed to interfere with the con­ ment to organize the Kansas State Fed­ trol of such movements upon National eI'ation of Labor and we sincerely hope lines, but is liestined to co-operate with that when the convention convenes on the national movement in carrying out the 12th day of August, 1907, at Topeka, such plans as may be inaugurated to Kansas, that every Local Union or Lodge further advance and protect the interests of this organization in Kansas will be of all wage-earners. represented by a delegate;

SOMETHING ABOUT HIGH DUES.

INCE the adoption of the benefit influenced the enactment and enforcement system twenty-six years ago, the of laws prohibiting the manufacture of Cigarmakers' International Union cigars in tenement houses, which was an ~ has paid out in benefits to its mem­ abomination in its day. Now the cigars bers nearly seven millions of dollars. This sold under seal of the union label are at trade, commanding comparatively low least clean, made in regular factories, wages on the average, through persistent large or small, under sanitary conditions. education, organization and excellent fin­ If we had the permission of the Cigar­ ancing, its affairs honestly administered, makers' UIiion we would print a fac is a shining example of what can be done simile of their label for the guidance of by wage-workers to better their condition. our readers, for it is of considerable im­ Besides these benefactions, the wage of portance to men who smoke cigars that the members are at least 50 per cent they be clean and uncontaminated.-The greater than they would have been with­ Poughkeepsie Enquirer. out their union. Moreover, they have 30 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

TRUE TO PRINCIPLE.

Union Men Do That Which To Them Seems For Best Interest Of Government-How About Capitalists.

RANCIS J. HENEY, the attorney in all men who toil do not have the oppor­ charge of the "graft" investigation tunity you have to obtain a broad educa· Gl in San Francisco, addressed the tion. But these men who earn their bread students of the California State have the same fine sentiments, the same University April 12, and the sentiments pure motives, the same high purposes and expressed will be somewhat of a surprise, aspirations, the same affections that you in view of the attitude of the element college graduates have, and they are in­ which is most active in the prosecution. spired by the same principles and the The speaker declared that trade unions same love for our common country and its were a potent factor in political develop­ institutions. So I urge you young men ment. The salient points of the address not to permit yourselves to believe that are quoted in the following extract: labor does not include the highest citizen­ The trouble is in the government of our ship in the United States. Men who work cities-not in men. And right here I respect the law and they are entitled to want to emphasize a condition in San the protection of the law. I have confi· Francisco. Some men accuse the labor dence that the labor element will vote unionists of responsibility for all the graft right if the issues are brought right. I and corruption, and the labor party is have not the same confidence in the mer­ condemned. Men who attempt to place chant class or the corporation class. the responsibility for our municipal evils Do not misunderstand me-I do not upon the labor unions are densely ignor­ mean that all merchants or corporation ant or else they speak from bitter and men are dishonest or corrupt. I mean selfish enmity and base motives. Labor that nine times out of ten labor votes on men are your fellow-citizens. Unhappily principle, with no personal interest.

OUR ONLY HOPE.

HE toi'ler who struggles through girls, yet in their teens, also going to rain and hail, snow and slush, work in stores, offices, mills and factories, D making a bare living, a menial thrown in contact with older and more existence, will natunllly often world-wise people than th.emselves, 00- think and ponder over the present indus­ taining an education, or perhaps an un­ trial conditions he is subject to. At derstanding would be a better term­ best it is a life of misery, drudgery and that bodes ill for this and the coming want that he leads, a life deprived of the generation. many things necessary to contentment Notwithstanding the assertions to the and happiness. The many advantages contrary, the American mechanic is to· and benefits enjoyed by the employing day scarcely any better off than he was class under the present industrial sys­ a few decades ago, for the very reason tem are denied the wage-worker, leaving that, having become more enlightened his condition deplorable indeed. If he as to his inherent rights, he has become he has a family he finds that from his more pretentious and aspires to higher meager earnings he is unable to pay rent, things and a better standard of living. fue}, light, taxes and exhorbitant prices What were luxuries years ago are to him for the necessaries of life. As a result necessities now. We certainly have good his children, who ought to be at home, cause to grieve over the present unjust in school or in the playground, are put industrial conditions, but let us bear in to work to help replenish the family mind that sorrow often foreshadows the larder. WeIl·meaning parents, desirous silver linings of the clouds; still, "hope of giving their children the advantages springs eternal in the human breast." of a good education, have to abandon FOT all the miseries of a toiler's life we their most cherished ideas in order to find consolation and encouragement look­ keep themselves and families decently ing to the thousands-nay, millions-of fed, clad and housed. co-sufferers and fellow-workers who are Thus we see young boys going to work righteously contending that they, the pro­ in shops, factories, mills, warehouses, ducers of wealth, are in return for -their mines and other places where a day's labor entitled to a life of bliss and hap­ work can be obtained. We see young piness, and in the fact that they jOined THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 31 hands in an eiTort to secure for them­ attacks of the union haters, the Posts and selves and their fellow-men a more Parryites, and the crusade carried on by equitable share of the fruits of their la­ the Manufacturers' Associations and the bor. Our only hope lies in organization. Citizens' Alliance to defeat organized la­ Through it we obtain the means of re­ bor, it will finally score a decisive vic· dress for our grievances. To it we must tory over capitalistic greed and oppres· look for emancipation from industrial sion. slavery. Through it we will secure for What is it that prompts us to take such ourselves the good things of this world an optimistic view of the toiler's future which today are enjoyed by those who and of the mission of organized labor? unjustly reap the greater share of the It is the faith we place in the wage­ fruits of our toil, the employers, the worker, the most patriotic, law-abiding, drones, who have sufficient means to liberty-loving and honest citizen amongst gratify all their wants, whims and de­ us, and who is at the same time one of sires. Hence it is the duty of every man the most useful members of society. He and woman toiler to join the organization will yet see to it that his country is not of their trade or calUng and help to brought to ruin by those in power, the bring about a change in our present in­ privileged few, in their avariciousness dustrial system. The many illegal and and greed for gold. Therefore, let us piratical combinations of capital are re­ support those representatives who are sponsible for the high and unreasonable pledged to a.id and assist in a fearless prices of the commodities and necessaries attack upon thfJ octopi of wealth, who are of life. Labor organizations will see to sapping the life blood out of us. Or­ the complete annihilation, extirpation or ganized labor has taken up the fight in subjugation of these combinations. We defense of the wage-worker, and will can safely say that organized labor will sooner or later carry it to a successful finally achieve the emanCipation of the issue. In labor organizations lie our only working class, and in spite of the violent hope.-J. O. Corson, in The Carpenter.

UNION INSURANCE.

Plan of Indianapolis Printers is Simple and Effective.

The question of trades union insurance union the union shall bury the deceased has been before us for some years. To member and all funeral expenses shall be those who favor this idea the plan in deducted from the amount called for in effect in Indianapolis Typographical union the certificate, and if a balance should will be of interest. remain it shall be placed to the credit of To each six months member of the the mortuary fund. union in good standing there is issued by In order that the fund may meet all the financial secretary a beneficiary cer­ ordinary demands enough money is kept tificate entitling the beneficiary therein in the fund to pay the next demand upon named to an amount equaling $1 per it. Members of the union who have had capita for each six months member at the continuous membership for three years same time of the death of the holder of may retain their membership in the mor­ the certificate. A warrant for this tuary fund, although they leave the city, amount is drawn on the mortuary fund if they send their assessments of $1 to by the board of trustees as soon as proof the secretary. Members on the retired of death is established. It is provided list may retain their membership in the that there shall be collected from each mortuary fund. This plan was put into six months member of the union the sum effect in 1892. Previous to that benefits of 25 cents each week for four weeks, or amounting to about $75 in each case were until the amount collected shall equal $1 paid out of the general fund. Under the per capita, which amount shall be set present plan the benefits received from apart for the payment of death benefits the local are in addition to the benefits and shall be separate from all other received from the international. The funds. avera.ge number of deaths in the If the amount of money in the mor­ local union has been four a year, tuary fund at the death of a member or the highest being five a year and members is not sufficient to pay all bene­ the lowest three a year. The average fits, there shall be a pro rata assessment amount paid out by the local on each levied on all six months members. In death was $375, though of course the case a member dies and the beneficiary amount paid depends on the number of named in the certificate be deceased and members in the local.-Typographical no other beneficiary be known to the Journal. ,.1 I. i

32 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER THE UNION LABEL.

00 much cannot be said or written that does not bear the label you are giv­ about the union label, as it is ing support to non-union institutions and 0 within the power of its users and non-union workmen? Suppose you pro­ advocates to make it one of the duced something that bears the label, how most potent forces that the commercial would feel if some union man plJ,ssed it world today would have to reckon with, by and bought a similar article that did a fact which any thinking man must con­ not bear it? 'Is that not bringing home sider in view of the fact that the workers to you the fact of the potency of the label of this country in all the walks of life are or its impotency if passed by? What, each year becoming greater in number then, is your duty? Should you not then and we are beginning to realize more demand union-made goods in self-defense? fully than ever that in organization alone Does not every cent spent for union-made lies their power of defense. goods go to increase the volume of union­ It is indeed shameful to admit that made business and with the increase of there are members of the labor organ­ such business does it not follow logically izations today who seem to think that to that the more union-made goods sold the pay their dues is the only duty owed to more must be made, and the more made the cause of unionism, but that is only the the greater number of men given em­ initial step in the matter, as every true ployment and the more union men em­ blue union man should know. To be ployed the stronger becomes the general true to your union is only laudable, for cause of unionism? by your staunch support to your union you gain for yourself fair wages and These facts being true, how can you fair conditions, but can you ever gain say "I am a union man" when you are the full stature of a thoroughly union wearing shoes, hats and clothing pro­ man until you have within you that feel­ duced by non-union workers; eating ing that capitalistic oppression should goods prepared by non-union workers not only be fought in your craft, but in and spending your money with the all others, and that you should want to enemies of union labor? Wake up, Mr. see fair conditions and fair wages granted Union Man, and do your duty to the to your fellow-man. no matter what his fullest. occupation may be? In short, to be a Demand union goods and take no other, staunch believer and doer for one com­ for if you do you are that much a traitor mon brotherhood of the workingman. to your fellow-workers. Merchants are When you feel and act this, then you can in business to sell goods. If time and truly say, "I am a union man." again men refuse to buy non-union goods, The union label. is a distinguishing the merchant will get wise and ask for mark by which you can recognize the union-made goods when he buys, for he fact that the producer of the article bear­ wants business and he is going to do ing it has been paid a fair wage and what is right to get it; therefore, if the enjoys fair conditions. This being true, many thousands of union men throughout is it not your duty to the general cause the country demanded labeled goods it of unionism to demand that label on all would only be a question of time until things purchased for your needs? Don't another great recognition of union labor you realize that when you buy an article took place.-Eight Hour Advocate.

PROGRESS.

Progressive collective action is the par­ less efforts confronted by the severest ob­ amount necessity of the wage-workers stacles. Progress is not the goal but the and the most difficult to instill into them. gainful efforts which lead to and eventu­ When the aim of progressive action has ally win it. Progress is not signalized been gained and they are in full enjoy­ by loose, disjointed and isolated attempts, ment of their share, they cannot fail to but rather by concerted action. There is appreciate the gain, but fail woefully in no such thing as organization without appreciation of the progressive steps united action, and our progress toward necessary to accomplish that much de­ those ends which We strive for is deter­ sired object. Increased wages and a mined by the unity of action, the hand to shorter workday are naturally considered hand and shoulder to shoulder, the keep­ the greatest and, by some of the wage­ step movement which turns aside beset­ workers, the only appreciable improve­ ting obstacles and clears the road. ments; but these improvements are not When halted temporarily in the face miraculously thrown into their out­ of seemingly prodigious obstacles, we stretched. arms. must not disorganize and rout, for a Those improvements have been secured solid, united front can alone carry us through organization, step by step, cease- through. Many who have just joined the' , ,

I THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 33

movement date its progress from the time -organized labor. The onward move­ of their membership, but that onward ment is slow, tedious, difficult and beset and upward movement has been progres­ with many and diverse enemies, but sing for centuries_ There is a century's holds in store the fruition of the work­ march and work yet before us, and ers' hopes. although the individual may feel that the The retrograde movement is sharp and whole power of the whole organization quick to the wage slough. The little push should be immediately directed toward which the individual member exerts in securing his immediate wishes, he must the interests of his organization is the learn that tl1e organization progresses to­ later, the organized push which carries ward that end as he becomes a thinking, working, harmoniQus part of it. him forward to success. Individual and As an indifferent inactive member he factional strifes, intrigues and ambitions is excessive freight to, and as obstruction­ -the fulfillment of which is at the ex­ • ist he is an ant hill in the pathway of the pense of the organization as a whole­ movement. Both add their distinctive are certain to spring up, but let your burdens and the latter additional irrita­ judgment and activities be ever directed tion. However, both largely determine in those channels which promote the the pace at which the movement shall progress of your organization. go forward. Both share largely in the The only road that is clear, straight, responsibility for its retrograde, but speedy and unobstructev. is the backward never for its recovery and onward march. route. Once under headway in this direc­ The progress of the workers to a newer, tion our movement gathers velocity in better and higher plan of living is the race for a longer work-day, the low­ marked by their progress in the develop­ est, most intolerable conditions and low­ ment and perfection of their industrial est standards of living and wages.-Shoe and economic organization and protector TVorkers' Journal.

AN INDUSTRIAL CANCER.

"Let well enough alone," is an ex­ membership. They are exceedingly spry pression always in the mouths of some when it comes to collecting benefits, but unionists and all non-unionists. It has are prone to faint and require restoratives their teeth worn to a sharp edge and when the payment of dues approaches. their brains fiattened. "Let well enough alone" and "well-enough" will leave you The really do not want to be left alone; alone. It does not stand without hitching they want to leave others alone in the and is very apt to return to the starting work and struggle necessary to gain the point. The qrganization of labor has objects of organized labor. These still­ never reached the point at which it can born unionists cannot be resurrected to be left alone. It cannot be left stiU, tied the duties of unionism and have to be stilI or held still. loaded on the car of improvements like From the minute it started its forward dumb driven cattle. Conveying these march millions of non-union arms clasped union "dead ones" from intolerable to de­ its neck and sought to strangle it, but it cent conditions is not a small part of the has gone forward, carrying this industrial union's burden. However, it is a neces­ cancer with it, to a more healthful ele­ sary part, and to whatever heights organ­ vated and curative plane. This "let well ized labor seeks to climb its back warm­ enough alone" bunch jogged out the red ers must be given due consideratiob. The corpuscles of their blood riding on the work is for them, but not by them.­ martyred backs of the active, working Shoe Workers' Journal.

BUM STRIKE BREAKERS.

"The strike in Augusta has resolved Their imported and socalIed practical itself into a battle royal, where the Geor­ workmen having put several wood work­ gia Railroad has settled down to starve ing machines out· of business by inabil­ their workingmen out, in the face of the ity to handle them, and thousands of dol­ continued decline of their rolling stock lars' worth of lumber has been ruined by and equipment; their yards and side­ these practical wood spoilers, and same tracks fiUed with crippled cars their shop has been used in the furnace in lieu of at Augusta a wreck in so far as the ma­ coal to hide the rotten workmenship.­ chinery of the Car Department is con­ The Careworker. cerned. , 1

I

34 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER IS CHEAP LABOR A BENEFIT TO THE COMMUNITY.

FRANK DUFFY, IN "THE CARPENTER." E hear so much these days said in to do the work required. He seldom a jeering manner about the de­ gives satisfaction to his employer and is mmands of the members of organ­ rarely employed steadily. "Low wages," ized labor for increased wages, a or a reduction in wages, lower the moral, shorter work-day and better conditions social and intellectual standard of any generally, that it becomes necessary to people. Degraded, unskilled. cheap, refute some of the statements made. The pauperized labor is a "menace" to our general impression prevails that, that to welfare and well-being.· It is a "menace" • get things "cheap," at a "bargain," at a to the country at large. It results in de­ "knock-down" price, is good business creased production, and consequently a principles that should be advocated and loss to national wealth. It leaves in its encouraged at all times and under all cir­ trail discontent and dissatisfaction. It cumtsances. But is it? Let us see. breeds ignorance and vice. It is a blight We know perfectly well that we can upon our national intelligence. not get "something" for "nothing," and While, on the other hand, "high wages" if we do, that "something" is usually mean "skilled labor" and "skilled labor" "not worth having." One thing is cer­ means "increased production." High tain, a good workman will not work wages signify and stand for intelligence, cheap. He will not work unless he re­ ingenuity, invention, good work and a ceives just treatment, fair compensation higher and nobler manhood. High wages and good pay. The employer will not mean also better and happier homes, take a cont.ract exce.Jlt he receives his and it can not be denied that they tend "price." The supply man will not sell to elevate the workingman, render him material until "payment" of same is more skillful and inventive and more guaranteed by the contractor or owner, productive and beneficial to the com­ or both, at his price. And so businesfl munity in general. The machinery, tools is conducted and carried on from day to and appliances invented by American day and from age to age. workingmen, by which "production" has Yet we have some individuals, some been "increased" and augmented a hun­ employers, some certain SOCieties, some dred fold or more within the last few particular organizations of capital who years could never be "produced" by the believe that the wage-workers should people who work "cheap," for a low rate take what they get and go on their way of wages. Every increase in wages has rejOicing, without murmur or complaint. bettered not only the individual, but the But to be fair, all sides should be heard community at large. It has left its mark before paSSing judgment. "Cheap labor," in the "progress" of our country. It has we contend, is a positive "injury" to the helped its "growth." It has aided and community, a "curse" to SOCiety, and a assisted in its onward march to physical "detriment" to all classes of citizens and intellectual "greatness." alike. A "general reduction" in wages is a "public calamity." It can not be Then why should we ever listen to the looked on in any other light by any selfish whinings of certain individuals rational or fair-minded person. "Cheapen who care not for others, so long as they labor" and you destroy the incentive that are prosperous? "Cheap labor" is a detri­ spurs men on to "el'l'ort" and "improve­ ment and a curse to any country. It is ment." "Reduce wages" and you dis­ a "clogging of the wheels of progress," hearten the workers in the performance a "stoppage of invention," and a "sign of their daily toil. They become careless of decay." How anyone can say it is a and indil'l'erent, have no ambition in benefit is a mystery to us. We can not their work, and do not care whether it see it. Labor organizations are progres­ is done right or not. The "poorly paid sive institutions. They can not stand for laborer" can not be classed as a "skilled low wages, nor will they tolerate reduc· laborer." He can not be depended upon tions under any conditions.

SHOE WORKERS DECISION.

HE following decision was handed for General President and General Vice­ down by the Supreme Court of President of the Union, refused to avail O the State of Massachusetts on themselves of their constitutional privi­ May 15th, 1907, in an elction dis­ leges within the organization and en­ pute occurring in the Boot and Shoe tered suit to get possession of the offices, Workers' Union, under which Thomas B. notwithstanding a decision of the General Hickey, of Brockton, Mass., and Charles Executive Board of the Union that thet P. Murray, of Lynn, Mass., candidates report of the General Inspectors of Elec- THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 35

tion showed gross frauds which justified ally claim to have been elected, it must them in ordering a special election for be shown that they have exhausted the the offices of General President and Gen­ remedies available to them within the eral Vice-President. association and according to its rules. The decision is of interest to organized Oliver v. Hopkins, 144 Mass. 175; Kar­ labor as it maintains the principle that cher v. Supreme Lodge Knights of Honor, members must exhaust their remedy 137 Mass. 368; Chamberlain v. Lincoln, within the organization before appealing 129 Mass. 70. The General Inspectors of to the courts. The contest for the offices Elections have counted and passed upon in this case was between those who be­ the ballots cast at the election at which lieve in arbitration, under which policy the petitioners claim to have been elected, the Boot and Shoe Workers' Union has and have made a majority and minority operated with great success during the report thereof. The General Executive past nine years, and a so-called radical Board have passed upon these reports, and element believing in the strike method as have ordered a new election. The power superior to arbitration, as represented of the board to take this action under by Messrs. Hickey and Murray. the circumstances of these cases is dis­ The decision is now likely to more puted, and has been argued with much firmly establish the arbitration principle learning and at considerable length. But and the continued success of the Union we have not found it necessary to pass Stamp as a trade factor will be empha­ upon this question; for if the action of sized. The organization if!> in a splendid the board was wrong, whether because financial condition and notwithstanding they had no jurisdiction of the question the election squabble which was before or because they took an erroneous view the court, the first three months of this of either the law or the facts, there was year have proved to be the most prosper­ a further remedy open to the petitioners ous in the history of the organization as under the constitution by appeal under measured by financial receipts. Section 106 to a convention to be held under Section 108. It is impossible to THOS. B. HICKEY V. ClIAS. L. BAINE. read this constitution without seeing CHAS. P. MURRAY V. CHAS. L. BAINE. plainly that it was intended and pur­ ported to supply a full system of gov­ SHELDON, .J. If we assume that a writ ernment by which the rights of all its of mandamus may properly be issued to members and the rights and duties of all secure possession of such offices as are its officers among themselves should be here in question, and that these petitions determined and regulated, under the could be brought against the respondent man'agement and control of the General alone although this wouln involve pass­ Executive Board, which, according to ing upon the rights of Tobin and Lovely Section 8, is to decide all questions of without their being made parties or hav­ usage wherein the constitution is silent, ing any opportunity to be heard, yet we but with a final and complete cont.rol in are of opinion that the petitions cannot a convention to be held, subject to the be maintained. desire of a majority of the Local Unions, The rights of all the members of this in June of each year, or at any other voluntary association must be settled ac- time, upon vote of such a majority. In , cording to the provisions of the constti­ tution which they have adopted. Rey­ our opinion, according to the decisions nolds v. Royal Arcanum, 192 Mass. 150. above cited, it was the duty of the pe­ Accordingly, before these petitioners can titioners to exhaust their remedy by invoke the aid of the court to secure appeal to such a convention before com­ them in the offices to which they sever- ing into the courts.

NEW COUNCIL ORGANIZED.

A call for Delegates from the Local at 10: 30 a. m., in Wells Hall, No. 987 Unions of Massachusetts to meet in Washington st., Boston. Boston, on May 26 to organize a State All the Local Unions are urged to elect Council resulted in eleven delegates pres­ Delegates to this meeting. Each Local ent and the Council was organized with is entitled to three members. The offi­ the following officers: President, Chas. cers are requested to have this notice W. Hanscom, of No. 189, Quincy; Vice read at the next meeting and see that President, David Duval, of No. 377, Lynn your Union is represented and that the and Samuel' A. Strout, of No. 96, Worces­ Delegates have credentials. ter, Secretary-Treasurer, address No. 419 CHAS. W. HANSCOM, Main street, Worcester, Mass. President State Council. Adjourned to meet Sunday, June 30th, , 1

36 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER GETTING A LIVING.

BY PROF. IRA W. HOWERTH, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.

Getting a living is a problem in the attaining their highest development. For practical art of getting wealth. Wealth, these reasons, if for no others, they though only one of the elements of com­ should be frowned upon by society. plete living, is an essential one. No They deserve and will receive the con­ wealth, no life. In some manner, all who tempt of all right-thinking people. live must get a living, using the word The second method of getting a living living as equivalent to the material is to obtain by fraud, force, or cunning, means of life. Now, aside from down­ exerted within the pale of law, a share right theft or robbery, there are three of the product of labor. It is the method methods by which a living may be ob­ of the grafter, the exploiter, the business tained. They are the parasitic, the pre­ man who divorces his business from datory, and the productive. morals-of all who take from those who The parasitic method is most clearly make. The essential difference between exemplified by the pauper and the idle those who follow this method and those rich, though these by no means exhaust who follow the method p:-eviously spoken the list of social parasites. In the ani­ of, is the difference between the animal mal and plant life a parasite is any or­ parasite and the bird or beast of prey. ganism that lives upon the body of an­ The first depends upon others, the sec­ other. So a social parasite is one who ond preys upon others; hence it is ca1Jed gets his living from society, appropriat­ "predatory." Those who live by the ing by virtue of law or custom, or per­ predatory method are not idle. On the sonal relationship, the products of the contrary, they are often among the most labor of others, but without resort to active members of society. They may fraud, theft, or violence. The social be distinguished from the real agents of parasite need not necessarily be idle, production, however, by the limitation but he produces nothing. He may live in of their economic function to the matter rags or in splendor, but economically he of altering to their own advantage lhe is a mouth without hands. Society as distribution of the wealth produced by a rule condemns him, but it does not others. They work, but, as it is some­ recognize the true extent of the para­ times said, they work the workers. In­ sitic class. It includes the tramp, the stead of doing something, they do some­ vagabond, and the pauper in its con­ body. ception, but is slow to recognize that the It is obvious that those who live by idle rich belong in the same category. the predatory method are not ethiclllly Said Prof. Cairnes, the celebrated superior to social parasites. And yet economist, in a passage often quoted: throughout history the predatory life has "It is important, on moral no less than ben regarded as dignified and honorable. on economic grounds, to insist upon this, The destructive soldier, the plundering that no public benefit of any kind arises baron, the exploiting capitalist, have ever from the existence of an idle rich class. been the men most admired and emu­ The wealth accumulated by their ances­ lated. What man today does not febl tors and others on their behalf, where complimented if you speak of his aqui­ it is employed as capital, no doubt helps line or leonine qualities, or who would to sustain industry; but what they con­ not get mad and want to fight if you sume in luxury and idleness is not capi­ should liken him to a, sheep or a dog? tal, and helps to sustain nothing but The lion-the typical beast of prey-is their own unprofitable lives. By all still the symbol of our ideal type of man­ means they must have their rents and hood. Only one of the great teachers of their interests as it is written in the the world has had the wisdom to per­ bond; but let them take their proper ceive, and the courage to proclaim, that place as drones in the hive, gorging at the truly ideal qualities are those of the a feast to which they have contributed much despised domestic animal. This nothing." he did when he said, "Blessed are the Economically then, the pauper class and meek, for they shall inherit the earth." the "leisure class" come to the same Of course the historical explanation of thing. Both classes exemplify the para­ the dignity and honor attaching to the sitic method of life. predatory life is simple enough. It is This method of getting a living carries the same as that of the contempt in its own penalty. Parasitism always re­ which the life of labor has always been sults in degeneracy. Dependence brings held. Productive labor, at first imposed brings helplessness. The strengthening upon the slave, because more irksome and ennobling effects of useful labor are than hunting and fighting, has brought lost to social parasites. It is conse­ with it, even into our time, the taint of quently impossible for them to develop slavery. Hence to live upon labor, rather in themselves the highest character. At than by labor, has always been a badge i the same time they prevent others from of respectability. But when we examine I i THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 37 the real nature of predation, and its Interests determine views more fre­ economic results, we see that it differs quently than they are determined by from robbery in no respect save its legal them. sanctioR. The same instinct and per­ Why is it, for instance, that the em­ ception, however, that led society to out­ ployer is likely to be suspicious of trades law the thief and the robber must sooner unions, to oppose the raising of wages, or latter induce it to take the same step the reduction of the hours of labor, and in regard to all who live by preying upon the clbsed shop, while the laborer may be their fellows. Things which are equal expected to fa vol' them all? It is not to the same thing are equal to each other. because either is necessarily ignorant or The third method of getting a living dishonest. It is because each belongs is by actually producing the commodi· to a specific class having speCific eco­ ties upon which one lives, or their equi­ nomic functions and interests, and the valent, or by rendering adequate service thought of each is affected by these in­ in exchange for them. It is illustrated terests. The employer may persuade by all who, with mind or muscle, are en­ himself that the particular thing which gaged in the process o{ creating utilities. he opposes-the union, picketing, the This is the method of productive labor. closed shop-is 'un-American," "sub­ It is the only method that has even a versive of the fundamental principles of relative justification. It worl{s no In­ our government," a ";violation of lib­ justice to others. It develops character, erty," and may swell with the soothing individual and social. Society has been conviction 'that he is the champion of slow to recognize its peculiar ethical human freedom, but the fact will remain merits but the time must come, if right that self-interest is, as a rule, his prim­ is to 'prevail, when it alone will be ary motive, and that his profits are the stamped with the mark of social ap­ sacred ark of the covenant which he so proval. zealously defends. Society, then, may be roughly divided So the laborer may plume himself on into three classes, determined by the his superior morality, and denounce the several methods of gaining a livelihood. villany of "profit-grinding," the social These are the producers, the plunderers, harmfulness of the open shop, the deg­ and the paraSites. The line between ragation of piece-work, and the like, but these classes is vague and ill-defined. it will be none the less true that behind A man may belong to each of them at it all stands the wage scale which is the different periods of his li£e. Indeed, he primary object of his jealous care. may belong to all three at once. Some Does it follow that both are equally of his wealth may be produced by him­ right? Not at all. Both may be equally self or earned, and some appropriated honest, but which one is right depends parasitically or predatorily. But usually upon which one stands for the perma· men follow one method or the other, and nent interests of SOCiety, which one rep­ are hence susceptible to classification on resents most nearly the ethics which are the ground here suggested. Economic destined to become universal. function, the mode of getting a living, is indeed the true basis of a scientific pofn~:d i;uSt~ ~~~P~~~d~~~;'e a~~f~o:e~~ division of society into economic classes. of all the forms of getting a liVing: Mr. Ghent, in his book entitled "Mass freest from the element of spoilation. and Class," proceeds upon this ground The ethics of the pro.ducing class must and divides society into the following therefore, most nearly approximate the classes: Wage-earning producers, self­ final form. The two great moral con­ employing producers, social servants, victions that have arisen and gained traders, idle capitalists, and retainers. general acceptance among productive la­ This classification only represents a borers have been described by Mr. Ghent more refined analysis. The significant as the ethic of usefulness and the ethic fact is that there are such classes. It of fellowship. The ethic of usefulness is useless to deny their existence. It is he defines as the conviction that work absolutely necessary that it be recog· of social value is the only title to in­ nized if we are to arrive at an explana­ come; that when no social service is tion of the present conflict of opinion rendered no reward is due; that the man in regard to questions of capital and who will not work is not entitled to eat. labor. The ethic of fellowship or brotherhood As long as these different methods of is the conviction of the duty of friendly getting a living are followed, and as association and collective effort for mu­ long as the classes arising from them tual benefit. These two ethics are fun­ continue to exist, there will be differing damental and permanent. They must and conflicting views of the problems of become universal, for they are necessary life and labor. For nothing is clearer to the highest kind of living. The than that a man's economic and ethical method of getting a livelihood that vio­ views are affected by his mode of life. lates either of them must be supplanted, If you wish to know what a man thinks for the hope of the world is that the life of a given problem, study his interests. of each will so enlarge and be so ordered 38 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER that in getting a living no one will in that this whole matter is primarily a any respect interfere with the rights of question of creating or transforming others to life, or prevent his own physi­ opinion-a question of education. Some­ cal, mental, moral, and esthetic develop­ how men must be made to see and feel ment. that to live by the labor of others is un­ Ethical considerations, then, demand just, degrading, and dishonorable. They that the various economic classes of so­ must be made to realize, not merely the ciety be merged into one-the p.roduc­ respectability of productive labor, but ing class. This would lead to identity also that without it as an element of life of interests, which alone can bring no man can really live. Living will then unanimity of opinion, and as a conse­ become in part the result, as well as the quence, industrial peace. It is obvious true object, of getting a living.

PARALLEL BETWEEN DRYDEN ANE POPE.

BY JOHNSON.

NTEGRITY of understanding and works ceased at their publication, was nicety of discernment were not al­ not strictly true. His parental attention D lotted in a less proportion to Dry­ never abandoned them; what he found den than to Pope. The rectitude amiss in the first edition, he silently cor­ of Dryden's mind was sufficiently shown rected in those that followed. He ap­ by the dismission of his poetical preju­ pears to have revised the "Iliad," and dices, and the rejection of unnatural freed it from some of its imperfections; thoughts and rugged numbers. But pry­ and the "Essay on Criticism" received den never desired to apply all the Judg­ many improvements after its first ap­ ment that he had. He wrote, and pro­ pearance. It will seldom be found that fessed to write, merely for the people; he altered without adding clearness, ele­ and when he pleased others, he contented gance, or vigor. Pope had perhaps the himself. He spent no time in struggles judgment of Dryden; but Dryden certain­ to rouse latent powers; he never attempt­ ly wanted the diligence of Pope. ed to make that better which was already In acquired knowledge, the superiority good, nor often to mend what he must must be allowed to Dryden, whose educa­ have known to be faulty. He wrote, as he tion was more scholastic, and who, be­ tells us, with very little consideration; fore he became an author, had been al­ when occasion or necessity called upon lowed more time for study, wi th better him, he poured out what the present mo­ means of information. His mind has a ment happened to supply, and, when onca larger range, and he collects his images it had passed the press, ejected it from and illustrations from a more extensive his mind; for when he had no pecuniary circumference of science. Dryden knew interest, he had no further solicitude. more of man in his general nature, and Pope was not content to satisfy; he de­ Pope in his local manners. The notions sired to excel, and therefore always en­ of Dryden were formed by comprehensive deavored to do his best: he did not court speculation; and those of Pope by minute the candor, but dared the judgment of attention. There is more dignity in the his reader, and, expecting no indulgenc() knowledge of Dryden, and more certain­ from others, he' showed none to himself. ty in that of Pope. He examined lines and words with min­ Poetry was not the sole praise of ute and punctilious observation, and re­ either;. for both excelled likewise in touched every part with indefatigable dil­ prose; but Pope did not borrow his prose igence till he had left nothing to be for­ from his predecessor. The style of Dry­ given. den is capricious and varied; that of For this reason he kept his pieces very Pope is cautious and uniform. Dryden long in his hands, while he considered observes the motions of his own mind; and reconsidered them. The only poems Pope constrains his mind to his own which can be supposed to have been writ­ rules of composition. Dryden is some­ ten with such regard to the times as times vehement and rapid; Pope is al­ might hasten their publication, were the ways smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dry­ two satires of "Thirty-eight;" of which den's page is a natural field~ rising into Dodsley told me, that they were brought inequalities, and diversified by the varied to him by the author, that they might exuberance of abundant vegetation; be fairly copied. "Almost every line," hc Pope's is a velvet lawn, shaven by the said, "was then written twice over; I scythe, and levelled by the roller. gave him a clean transcript, which he Of genius, that power which consti­ sent some time afterwards to me for th~ tutes a poet; that quality without which press, with almost every line written judgment is cold, and knowledge is inert; twice over a second time." that energy which collects, combines, am­ His declaration, that his care for his plifies and animates; the superiority THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 39

must, with some hesitation, be allowed and all that he gave. The dilatory cau­ to Dryden. It is not to be inferred that tion of Pope enabled him to condense his of this poetical vigor Pope had only a sentiments, to multiply his images, and little, because Dryden had more; for to accumulate all that study might pro­ every other writer since Milton must give duce, or chance might supply. If the place to Pope; and even of Dryden it flights of Dryden therefore are higher, must be said, that, if he has brighter Pope continues longer on the wing. If paragraphs, he has not better poems. of Dryden's fire the blaze is brighter, of Dryden's performances were always Pope's the heat is more regular and con­ hasty, either excited by some external oc­ casion, or extorted by domestic neces­ stant. Dryden often surpasses expecta­ sity; he composed without consideration, tion, and Pope never falls below it. and publisheu without correction. What Dryden is read with frequent astonish­ his mind could supply at call, or gather ment, and Pope with perpetual delight. in one excursion, was all that he sought, -Life of Pope. THE PASSING OF A LINEMAN.

A lineman laid his tools aside Come on old rummie, are YOU anchored At the close of a busy day. fast? He was a craftsman old and tried, Well, stay there till afternoon. His hands were hard and knotty and dried, But it's all my way when I start to hike From the poles he'd climbed and the For the arm with the lowest wires. wires he'd tied, I chisel the pole where my climbers And his hair was turning grey. strike, They are heavy, and sharp as a railroad spike, He had wandered far as a workman will And the gang shouts go it, good boy old Who must look for work to do. Mike But the going seemed to be up hill, As I cut and slash with my pliers. With an empty purse that was hard to fill, But he fell into line when they said, Whoa, Bill, When I strike a town I take a glance· At the office force, and then, And he worked when he found it to do. I get that same old song and dance. There ain't no work, and there ain't no The journey is long, and hard said he chance, But I think I am almost through. For a ma.n without creases in his pants, My sight is dim and I cannot see, And a diamond under his chin. If the wires are just as they ought to be, And the foreman is keeping an eye on me I'm all too slow for the rapid pace And roasts me whatever I do. The hiker must go today. When I get in line I'm face to face, T'is a thankless life where my lot is cast With sure defeat, but it's no disgrace, And the years go all too soon. For there's always a loser in every race, I do my best, but I'm always last, And a debt that we all must pay. And the youngsters jolly me as they go C. T. COLLINS, past, Local No. 428, ;Bakersfield, Calif. LEAVE THEM OUTSIDE. Don't bring them into the lodge room, Bring your heart into the lodge room, Anger and spite and pride; Bllt leave yourself outside- Drop at the gate of the temple That is, your personal feelings, The §ltrife of the world outside. Ambition, vanity, pride. Forget all your cares and trials, Center each thought and power Forget every selfish sorrow, On the cause for which you assemble; And remember the cause you met for, Fetter the demon Discord And haste ye the glad tomorrow: And make ye the monster tremble. Ay, to fetter and chain him, Drop at the gate of the temple And cast him under your feet, Envy and spite and gloom; That is the end we aim at, Don't bring personal quarrels The object for which we meet. And discord into the room. Then don't bring into the lodge room Forget the slights of a sister, Envy or I!Itrife or pride Forget the wrongs of a brother, Or aught that will mar our union, And remember the new commandment, But leave them all outside. That ye love one another. -Ella Wheeler Wilcox. , I ! '

40 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER THE WELCHER.

I ponder the reason, and 10, behold, Then he makes a flash with an 'outlaw A passing screed for the children of card, men, Six months, maybe, or a year behind. Give ear, I pray you, and hearken well, To the sermon that flows from my I want you to stand for' a piece of coin, pointed pen. I'm up against it, yes, good and hard, I tell you there's times when it's cozy The foxey welcher that comes and goes, and fine, The hold-up man on the right of way, To snuggle 'long side o! a union card. I'll skewer his s'onl with a blithsome joy, And his four long bones I will strip I touched a hiker across the way, and flay. He stuck 'cause my card was overdue, When I settled down and made a touch, He may be bent with the weight of years, The tight-skin kicked at coming A whiskered huskie, or he may be through. young, But the story is old as the high round I want a ticket to feed my face, hills, Likewise a place for a regular flop, That glibly drools from his drivelling Where the colors are nailed above the tongue. door, would starve to death in an open . I chucked my job with the P-D-Q. shop. And jumped a train with a bunch of bo's, He waxes wroth in labor's cause, They, rushed us off, but I ,doubled back, His frenzied oaths are fierce and fine, And dodged the shack with the broken He's the noblest Roman of them alI­ nose. A martyr'd soul on the firing line. I decked the diner across the plain, A con man of his class and kind, And rode the rods to the top of the hill, He works his graft, then jumps the I lost my tools where they kicked me town, off, His debts are paid,his name reviled, It was a dirty spot for a dirty spill. By the bunch he jollies and then throws down. I worked six months for the B-U-M. A bunch of dubs, the boss and the crew, He winds his slimy trail across Then I done Salt Lake on a Mormon The world's fair face, where men must line, pass. And fourteen months for the Soo Pac The milestones o'er his wandering way, Soo. Are the bubbling stines on the frosted glass. You see, I belong to number naught, Which shows I'm right and the proper C. T. COLLINS. kind, Local 428, Bakersfield, Cal.

CONCENTRATE.

Concentrate attention upon a lifelong to be your wife, if single, or on your plan. wife, if married. Concentrate on the relations of your Concentrate your brain power on some­ work. thing worth while. Concentrate on the work immediately Concentrate your reading on the mas­ in hand. tery of an important subject. Concentrate on making the most of Concentrate on the good forces around your timl:.. you, rather than upon the evil. Concentrate upon being a good Amer­ Concentrate upon ,the achievement of ican citizen. character and unshakable will. Concentrate your vital forces on work, Concentrate sufficient attention upon not dissipation. health to get strong and keep strong. Concentrate on the improvement of Concentrate thought on spiritual mat­ your community. ters until you have an abiding conviction Concentrate on the thing~ possible to of the everlasting spiritual realities. your own powers. Concentrate upon the value of a good Concentrate your trust and confidence name and unstained character to pass on on worthy friends. to those who are to come after you.­ Concentrate your love on a good girl Spare Moments. THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 41 LITERA TURE ON THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. The National Federation for People's machine rule. Southern statesmen assent Rule, Washington, D. C., writes: to this view, as is evidenced by the large EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: number of them who have publicly signi­ To those of your readers who wish to fied their adherence to majority rule; look into the history of the initiative and namely, four members of the National referendum we recommend the following: House from Virginia, five from Tennessee, HISTORY OF MACHINE RULE AND How THE two from Kentucky, four from Arkansas, SYSTEM IS BEING ABOLISHED. (64 large three from Texas, one from Florida, two pages. Our compaign text-book of last from South Carolina, three from North year.) 5 cents.· Carolina, making a total of twenty-four. DIRECT LEGISLATION, by Prof. Frank Par­ In the words of Hon. R. N. Hackett, of sons (173 pages, published in 1900. Ex­ North Caro1ina, elected in place of Repre­ cellent.) 25 cents. sentative Blackburn, who refused to THE REFERENDUM IN AMERICA, by E. P. pledge for the People's Rule: "I am un­ Oberholtzer, Ph. D., published during qualifiedly in favor of majority rule in 1900 by Charles Scribner's Sons. this country, 'unawed by power and un­ GOVERNMENT IN SWITZERLAND, by J. M. bribed by gain,' by whatever honest fair Vincent, Ph. D., Associate Professor in means it can be obtained." Johns Hopkins University, published This data has been published by the during 1900, by the Macmillan Com­ National Federation for People's Rule. pany. Second. The OL ..... er objection which Mr. DIRECT LEGISLATION RECORD AND PRoPOR­ Taft presents is that should national is­ TIONAL REPRESENTATION REVIEW, 50 cts. sues be determined by the will of the ma­ Each month THE ARENA publishes the jority of the congressional districts it· news of the movement, also timely ar­ "would deprive the big States of the ticles. compensating influence which they pos­ * * * sess in the House of Representatives and It is recommended by the National make it possible for twenty-three small Federation for People's Rule that a local states to outvote twenty-two large states Initiative and Referendum League be with five to ten times greater population." formed. On the other hand Mr. Taft declares * * * should national issues be determined by TAFT ATTACKS INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. the will of the majority in a majority of Secretary's Brother Openly Objects the states it "would deprive the small to Majority Rule. states of the disproportionate power which they now enjoy in the Senate and The initiative and referendum are open­ the Electoral College and which is expli­ ly fired upon by Secretary Taft's brother, citly guaranteed to them by the constitu­ the owner and editor of the Cincinnati tion." Times-Star. He is president also of the Mr. Taft's conclusion is, "Before Mr. Cincinnati gas monopoly. In a double­ Bryan goes very far with his new­ column editorial, in his paper, entitled fangled toy he will find himself em­ "Mr. Bryan's Embarrassment," he says: barrassed as badly as he was over the "Would Mr. Bryan advocate the submis­ railway matter." sion of a law passed by Congress to a Mr. Taft is simply exposing his ignor­ vote of the people?" ance. The proposal in this country for a This idea horrifies Mr. Taft. But it national system, and to which 110 mem­ doesn't frighten the voters; and they bers of the National House are pledged, is should bear in mind that Editor Taft is a for a double majority; that is, a national monopolist and is frightened at the pros­ measure voted upon shall not pass unless pect of losing his special privileges. in a majority of the states and in a ma­ Mr. Taft further asks: "Would Mr. jority of the congressional districts it re­ Bryan advocate that a small percentage ceives a majority of the votes cast for of the people of the United States should and against it. Switzerland uses this have the power to originate Federal legis­ double majority in national affairs, and lation and all the people have the right to each measure that has received the ap­ vote upon it and be protected in that proval of the voters in a majority of the right?" . districts has also been approved in a The objections to such a system which majority of the states. Mr. Taft publicly voices are as follows: This objection by Mr. Taft is quoted First. It would clothe the colored men from the New York Tribune and we in­ with the power to originate and vote up­ vite it to apologize for its ignorance. If on legislation. it refuses the natural inference will be What is the objection to this, Mr. Taft? that it intentionally mislead its readers. Throughout the South constituional amendmens provide that voters shall pos­ * * * sess an educational qualification, and MAJORITY RULE. within the limits thus prescrioed the ma­ In weighing the so-called arguments jority should rule, otherwise there is against the restoration of majority rule I I I '

42 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

, that are being put forth throughout the through the referendum the people pos­ country, bear in mind that wherever sess a veto power. The referendum is there is no special privilege in a bill the then the people's veto. guardians of the public's welfare are There are two forms of the referendum willing that the people should vote on it; -the compulsory and the optional. The but wherever a special privilege is acts of most of the constitutional conven­ wrapped up and tucked away in a bill or tions are referred to the people without other public measure these public guar­ the formality of a petition. This is the dians are wildly opposed to "government compulsory referendum. Where the act by a mob!" of a legislative body can be balloted upon Charles P. Taft, brother of the Secre­ by the voters If a petition for its submis­ tary of War, is a millionaire president of sion is filed by a certain number of peti­ the Cincinnati gas monopoly and is vehe­ tioners, usually five or ten per cent, the mently opposing the restoration of major­ system is the optional referendum. It is ity rule. His connection, however, with the optional referendum that is being private monopoly is not shown in the bio­ established throughout the country. graphical sketch in "Who's Who," writ­ The initiative Is a system whereby ten ten by Mr. Taft himself. Why is it that or fifteen per cent of the voters can this is concealed? propose measures and the questions are Senator Lodge of Massachusetts is an­ submitted to a direct ballot of all the other open antagonist. But everyone voters, the will of the majority becoming knows that Mr. Lodge is one of the chief the law of the land. It is direct legis­ speakers in the Massachusetts Republican lation. machine. These direct-vote systems-the initia­ Only the ruling few or the uninformed tive and the referendum-are used in are opposing the restoration of the peo­ combination with representative govern­ ple's rule. ment. The referendum is the people's • • • veto, as has been pointed out, and the initiative is the voters' power of direct "THE NEXT STEP." legislation. Through this mechanism The New York Independent says: "In the voters are the ruling power. The rep­ our opinion the initiative and referendum resentatives are their agents. Without a is the most important 'next step' in the final power in the voters the few in office political reform in this country. Its ad­ are rulers. It is machine rule. vent ought to do wonders in breaking up corrupt political machines and preventing INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM IN ACTION. the passage of vicious legislation, and The mere existence of the people's veto under it real leaders of the people will power (the optional referendum) is effec­ find it easy to arise on live issues." tive except for close questions. In Ore­ gon where this optional system has ex­ • • • isted for five years the voters have bal­ THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. loted on but one act of the legislature, Definition and Brief Outline by George which they approved. In South Dakota H. Shibley, President National Fed­ where the initiative and referendum have eration for People's Rule. existed for nine years not one act of the Thoughtful people are asking, What is legislature has been balloted upon. the Initiative and Referendum? The initiative, though, is actually oper­ It is a system whereby the voters can· ated, but its mere existence has consid­ ballot direct on public questions. The re­ erable effect. In South Dakota four years sult is majority rule in place of machine ago the party in office refused to enact a rule. It is the people's rule in place of direct nominations system and a bill for the rule of the few. it was initiated by the people. The legis­ The system is in two parts, the initia­ lature, however, refused to submit it to tive and the referendum. The referen­ the voters, but in the next state conven­ dum is a means whereby the voters can tion of the party in office the autocrats ballot direct on acts of legislative bodies were ousted and the men who were put and constitutional conventions, the will in their places have enacted the desired of the majority deciding each issue. Thus legislation.

LABORS ADVANCE. BY SAMUEL GOMPERS. Throughout the country, numbers of of the workers' demands nor the neces­ men are engaged in trade movements to sity of strikes which are sometimes in­ increase wages, to reduce the hours of augurated to achieve them. labor, to obtain improved working con­ Of course no one who has given the ditions. With thec;'3 movements has come subject of strikes and lockouts any con­ !I. general' howl from the worst elements siderable attention can stoutly advocate of the plutocratic press. These gentry recourse to them. But we ask any fair­ cannot understand the "reasonableness" minded man to pOint out definitely what THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 43 the working people are to do situated as gestion as to any other manner of safEr they are. guarding them. 'On every hand prices of commodities When employers refuse to meet repre­ have risen; the commonest necessities of sentatives of employes, or when they life have become enormously enhanced. haughtily and summarily refuse work­ What are the workers to do under such men's requests for improved conditions, circumstances to meet these new condi­ what recourse but the strike is there open tions? Shall they await the philan­ to the men? Much as we deplore and thropic impulse of their employers to seek to avoid strikes, when such an al­ voluntarily increase wages and grant im­ ternative is presented we have no hesi­ proved conditions? Has experience 'tancy in declaring that the workers shown the wisdom of Mr. Baer's (of coal would be less than men did they not strike fame) erstwhile claim that the strike and strike persistently to, win. employers are God's trustees of the Wealth is produced in sucll prodigious world's goods and that undElr their char­ proportions in our time as would daze itable stewardship the workers must, the most Utopian dreamer of a while ago. with sublime faith, place their interests The genius of today and of all bygone and welfare? ages lays its gifts at the feet of man. Indeed, here and there may be found The wheels of industry turn with a an employer generously and consider­ rapidity unparalled in human history. ately inclined who will grant not only Labor, the most important element in all fair wages but also other reasonable labor human industrial effort, demands from conditions. But taken as a concrete prop­ modern society a fuller and constantly osition, nothing has been brought to increasing share in the product of this Labor upon a silver platter. All the genius and industry. It will press this toilers have achieved In material im­ demand with increasing persistency and provement has been compelled by sheer intelligence today, tomorrow. and tomor­ power of organization, of intelligence, of row's tomorrow. grit; by their willingness to bear tem­ In passing it may not be amiss to say porary burdens and make momentary that the very essence of the prosperity sacrifices that better conditions of labor of which we hear so much nowadays is and of life shall be secured by them­ due to the larger use and consumption selves, for those dependent upon them, of things produced. This is possible fo.r those who may come after them. through the higher wages of today over Having participated in strikes as well those of the past. It is only through as having observed them in all their higher wages and a shorter workday phases, we repeat that no one can be a (time and leisure) that the prosperity, sturdy advocate of a recourse to them. so necessary to our progress and civiliza­ But when the American standard of life tion, may be maintained or increased. and with it manhood, character, and in­ 'In the course of the struggle for better dependence is threatened, and no relief conditions, some inconveniences are ex­ can be obtained by any other course than perienced by those uninterested. This a strike, pray what would our wiseacres fact all deplore, but it is also true that of the antagonistic press advise the work­ these very inconveniences in fact or in ing people to do? An increase in the cost prospect are often the means by which of living without an increase in wages is concessions to the rightful demands of equal to a reduction in wages. Shall we labor are obtained. It must also be borne wait and wait and wait until employers in mind that no great movement for the shall voluntarily concede increased material advancement of the masses of wages? To follow that course the work­ the people has ever been secured without ers might as well believe in the notions causing some temporary Inconvenience preached to them of old, to be content to others. It is in the order of things, it with their lot here on earth and hope for can not be otherwise. To take the situ­ the good things in the great beyond. ation as philosophically as possible is the This sacriligeous view is now no longer wisest, sanest, and safest course to pur­ seriously presented to the workers, for sue. all realize that in the material affairs of Labor has little. It belongs to the class this mundane sphere 'mankind has its of "Havenots." It has, therefore, little destinies in its own keeping; that if the to concede. The workers, the wealth pro­ workers would partake of the fruits of ducers, have hearts and minds. They their toils, the benefits of our civiliza­ have not only themselves, but also wives tion, they must achieve them by their and children whom they love and for own efforts. ' whom they must provide. They hope to "Those who would be free, themselves rear families of men and women who will must strike the blow," is as true now as take their stand in life as sovereign ever in the history of man, and eternal Americans with all that the term im­ vigilance is as much the price of material plies. The means to the achievement of advancement now as it is, or ever was, any or all these desirable results is the price of liberty. Out of all the hostile through the wages they receive and con­ abuse of labor in its efforts to protect its ditions they secure as a reward for their rights and interests, there is not a sug- labor. These things Labor demands; and 44 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

will be satisfied with nothing less. If firmly believe in the policy of concilia· employers will generally concede them tion and, wherever necessary, voluntary as fast as possible without the necessity arbitration of labor disputes. But when of a resort to the strike so much the bet· these are not obtainable, when employers ter for all concerned. If stubborn and un­ assume an autocratic position and refuse necessary refusal is received, then there to yield anything to the reasonable and is ·no other course for the· workers than just demands of labor, we claim that the to withhold their labor from the em­ workers should avail themselves of their ployers (strike) until necessity, the popu­ great economic power-the strike. In lar demand, and a higher public opinion discussing the matters dealt with here, compels a change of heart and judgment which will cause the adjustment of con· we indulge ourselves in no fanciful or troversies upon fair terms and thus speculative theory, we content ourselves terminate strife and establish industrial in the presentation of simple facts which peace. it would be well if critics and opponents We have always advocated and still would heed.

MISUSE OF THE INJUNCTION. TALKS BY T. CARL SPELLING AND :r.UTCHELL, AT CIVIC FEDERATIOX MEETING. ENERAL Attorney for the Amer­ such as trespassing on land, attempting ican Federation of Labor T. Carl to set fire to buildings or wrecking ma­ [fj Spelling was the first speaker on chinery, anything to which any kind of the question of "Government by violence could be ofi'ered,-he claimed Injunction." Mr. Spelling stated that that they never have insisted that in any what is meant by "Government by In­ such case a writ of injunction to prevent junction" is "that power which has been it would not be available. Labor unions, superadded by the courts of the country he said, were not trying to abolish the to their constitutional power, by which remedy by injunction. "It is not correct they rule, or are said to rule, despotically to say that never can an injunction issue upon certain occasions in the matters against strikers or against the working brought before them in litigation; that is, man or in a conflict between capital and they rule in excess of their jurisdiction. labor, because an injunction is always "If there be such a thing in this coun­ available, and always ought to be useo, try," he said, "as 'Government by In­ when anybody, whether workingmen or junction,' as we believe there is, then it unionists, or men who do not belong to is a most despotic government; that is, that class, attempt to inflict any kind of it is a government without limitation, irreparable injury upon property or prop­ without check or restraint, and govern­ erty rights. We are absolutely safe in ment exercised by one man without re­ assuming and adhering to that position." sponsibility or liability to account to any Referring to an injunction in trade dis· other man or to any. other power on putes, Mr. Spelling said: "No court in earth. In our form of government there Christendom has any jurisdiction to re­ is no way to reach a judge for his mis­ strain me or anybody else from advising deeds except by impeachment, and that any man not to work, not to keep a con­ has long ago been demonstrated to be a· tract, not to obey the law; you cannot en­ worthless remedy against judicial usur­ join me in any court from going out and pation." adviSing men to commit even arson, or Mr. Spelling reviewed briefiy the judi· murder, or anything else. Now, that cial history of the country as afi'ecting sounds harsh, and that is where a great the subject under discussion, claiming in deal of our difficulty has arisen. When substance that the efi'ect of "Government anybody proposes to check theusurpa­ by Injunction" was special legislation by tion and abuse the excesses of the courts, an authority other than the properly con­ they say: "You are advocating violence; stituted law-making body. He claimed you are in favor of disorder." Now, I that the fundamental limitation imposed admit that it is deplorable that men can by the long course of judicial history and be advised to commit crime, to injure procedure was that an injunction shall people, and to stir up trouble" and put never be granted except to protect prop­ the public to a great amount of inconveni­ erty rights. He believed this to be the ence; but, I tell you, it is more deplorable, keynote of the whole issue under discus­ it is a thing that will lead to the most sion. He said that authorities do not disastrous results, if irresponsible men on distinguish between property, that is, vis­ the bench for life are to be allowed to ible and tangible property, and property use their authority above the law and rights, as regards its bearing on this ques­ above all the departments of government, tion. He claimed that the representa­ to become unrestrained despots, take one tives of labor have never insisted that in side in every trade dispute, become guard­ the case of a trade dispute, if men should ians of peace and order and morality in undertake to inflict any injury to any the community, decide ex-parte upon a property or property rights, for instance, one·sided showing, that hundreds and .~

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 45 and thousands of men are about to violate ment by Injunction." Among other the law, and send forth the special de­ things he said: crees-these enactments of special legis­ "Do you know that in labor disputes, lation-for that is what they are-to par­ when the proposition to arbitrate is alyze and destroy the rights of all these made, very often-indeed almost gener­ men; I say that is the most dangerous ally-the workingmen will make the reR­ tendency in our government. I do not ervation that the question to be arbi­ except the tendency toward monopoliza­ trated shall not be submitted to a Federal tion and combination, the suppression of judge? I do not share fully in these ap­ trade; I think that can be remedied. I prehensions, but the fact that working­ think that will work itself out; but, I men do express a fear of the impartiality tell you, if these vicious and far-reaching of the Federal judiciary Is in itself a mat­ precedents are to be recognized as the law ter of grave concern, not alone to those of the land, and the judges are to be en­ who have suffered from the injunction couraged or permitted to go on building but to the entire people of this country. more on top of these, that they will soon Men do not lose confidence without cause constitute and erect outside the regular or at least without the belief that they organizations and branches of govern­ have cause. So many injunctions ,have ment a power as despotic as that which been issued, so many laboring men have destroyed Rome, as that which was exer­ been incarcerated because of the viola­ cised in the days of Caligula, as that tion or alleged violation of these injunc­ which' was exercised by the notorious and tions-not because of the commission of infamous Star Chamber. The liberties of crime, not because they have violated any the people of this country are more en­ law of the land, but because they have in­ dangered by that tendency and by that sisted upon doing those things which they practice than by any other. have a legal and a constitutional right to Referring to some of the injunctions do. issued by the courts, Mr. Spelling stated "I wish to say for myself-and I yield that "they have enjoined men from pre­ to no man living in loyalty to this coun­ venting, by persuasion, or by any means try-that if a judge were to enjoin me whatever, men from entering the employ from doing something that I had a legal, of the complainant, that is, the party who a constitutional, and a moral right to do, went by his attorney before the judge and I should violate the injunction. I shall, got out the writ of injunction. They as one American, preserve my liberty and have enjoined men from marching on the the liberties of the people even against public highway; they have enjoined them the usurpation of the Federal judiciary, from meeting in places far from the and in dOing this I shall feel that I am premises of the employer against whom best serving the interests of my country. they struck and from having music and "It is indeed unfortunate that within making speeches and presenting their recent years the courts have gone so far cause to the public. They have done what in the exercise of their. equity power. It I call most unwarranted and outrageous is presumed that injunctions shall be is­ things. These things have been done by sued only in cases where there is no ade­ the courts, exercising all the powers and quate remedy at law. It is presumed functions of government on one side in that they are issued in cases where there a trade dispute. And you don't hear of is danger of the infliction of irreparable any strikers going to a court to get an injury. In a coal strike in West Virginia, injunction, it is always the other side. for instance, an injunction is issued; this Now, the court in such a case palpably injunction restrains the men from the and flagrantly takes the side of one party commission of crimes and also from the in a litigation, and the stronger party at performance of acts which are entirely that, despite the greater numbers of the legal within themselves. The men pro­ other side. So long as this power is rec­ ceed under the direction of their attor­ ognized as belonging to those judges, they neys to .do only those things which they will, on a pretense, on a claim and alle­ have a legal right to do; and they a~e gation that men are about to resort to called into court-they are charged with violence, prevent them from doing inno­ no crime. thpy are simply asked, have cent and legal things, and taking the they violated that injunction? They are" proper steps for the preservation of their permitted to make no defense. They, as constitutional rights. We Simply want truthful men, plead that they have vio­ these usurpations lopped off. If we had lated the injunction, that they have the law before these usurpations began­ walked upon the highway, that they have before a system of precedents was built spoken to the men who wanted to work; up in contravention of the ancient and the consequence is that they are sen­ just rule upon this SUbject-we would not tenced to prison, not for violating the demand any legislation. It is not to law, not for the commission of any illegal change the law; all we want is the recog­ act, but because they have done those nition of our rights as they stood before things which they had a legal right to do; these usurpations." and they are sent to prison without a John Mitchell, president of the United trial by a jnry of their peers. It is to Mine Workers of America, was the clos­ this phase of the injnnction that we take ing speaker on the subject of "Govern- exception." 46 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

CO,RRESPONDENCE

Local Union No. 14. strike on their hands the first thing they do is to find out the financial condition of the striking organization. With fhis knowledge they can come pretty near telling how long it will last and whether it will pay them to hold out. How many of us are there that howl when a ten or fifteen cent raise in the dues is mentioned and after the meeting is over discuss it further over a few high ones. We think nothing of the change we hand over the bar but when it comes to adding a fraction of it on the dues-Oh, my! Think it over-argue over It and If it has any bad features thInking and argu· ing will bring them out. How many prospective candIdates are there that hesitate to join 0111' organIza­ tion for no other reason than that they fear a strike and they know we have nothing to fall back on in time of trouble. With such public spirited (?) men as the Citizens Alliance is com,posed of donating $500,000 at one crack to fight organized labor it is high time labor donated a few pennies to protect itseU. 1 trust we will all live to see the day Our late deceased. brother, C. D. Weaver, when we will have an old age pension in of Local No. 14 . . our organization. It is money well in· vested. Any step in this direction will result in Local Union No. 15. an increased membership because it is an inducement for men to jOin our body. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Let us get down to business, brothers. Owing to the absence of Bro. Sorenson. your uncle Dud has been appointed to If the Editor will allow me a little fill the gap as Press Secretary. more space .1 would like to state for the benefit of some of the brothers that send About all 1 have in mind at the pres· their dues by mail or rush in during the ent moment brothers, is that matter of meeting and get their stamps and a defense fund. the need of which is "skidoo" that we have some pretty inter­ brought so forcibly to our minds time esting meetings occasionally and perhaps and again when we see labor unions lose it would pay them to grace the hall with their battles for the simole rp.ason that their presence once in a while. their ammunition consists of hot air with an empty stomach on the side. When it comes to "Discussion of Prac­ If we are to win our fights we must tical Electrical Subjects," we have some keep the men on the ground who are of the Technical Schools backed off the familiar with the situation instead of boards. If YOU have a "sticker" that you allowing them to leave the scene of the can't get through your nut just unburden trouble to go to work elsewhere, thereby your mind and there is always some one leaving the path open for all the rats to explain it. If there isn't it will give and snakes to crawl in unmolested. all hands something to think over and Let us put ourselves in a position to that is what we want. pay these brothers to sta.y on the ground Let us educate each other. There is and protect our interests. And another nothing lost, but a lot to gain by it. thing to think about is that when the J. H. B. heads of a corporation find they have a Jersey City, N. J. , 1 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 47

Local Union No. 18. Local Union No. 27. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Local No. 18, formerly No. 133, are While nature has spread her veil of progressing for ·various reasons. It was darkness over old mother earth and the deemed wise to change the number of noble electrical workman no doubt is our local, hence the change and we hope lying upon his cozy couch ready to be for a better record than befell No. 133. wrapped in the arms of morpheus and Our local has a 'hustling business agent, pass in to dreamland, I will endeav0r to Bro. Jack Busby, who has made good, in try and do my duty as Press Secretary the past three months. For the benefit by letting the brothers know as to condi­ of any brothers who may wonder this tions in and around Greater Baltimore. way, Bro. Brisby has established an office Well, as we are on the brink of spring­ at Prismatic Hall and it would be well to tide and our beautiful summer is not see him before you go to work as a result distant, we were under the impression of his work we have over 80 new mem­ that there would be plenty of work here. bers and about 20 reinstatements, which but as it is, the brothers R.11 "'lem to be speaks exceedingly well, for Detroit has disappointed as none of the Companies been a hard proposi.tion to handle owitlg are doing any work at present. to the fact that the other trades are poor­ Where the Chesepeake and Potomac ly organized. Telephone Company carried three hun­ We moved into new quarters in Pris­ dred and fifty men in the construction matic Hall, 140 First street, our meeting department, today they only have fifty on the force, but I will say that the firm that also was changed to Friday night. got the contract for building the trolley Our one great trouble still remains line between Baltimore and Washington members fail to attend meetings. There commenced to set poles so it will be only are a certain few you can depend on the matter of a short time until they being present at very meeting out of a start the wire end of it. This has been membership of nearly three hundred only a very unfortunate month to some of the about lorty is the average attendance. brothers of Local 27. Bro. Mart Dody We have tried several methods of getting happened to be one of the victims to meet members out to meetings without success. with an accident by coming in contact Recently Ex·Bro. White, Superintend­ with 2700 volts and almost having his ent of the Murphy Power Co., spoke be­ jugular vein burnt through and on the fore the union on the asselict generator 21st of May, Bro. J. Chambers was the and the manner he handled the subject next to meet with a mishap by a cro~.s showed he understood his subject and arm breaking with him causing him to was up-to-date in the electric business; fall 35 feet and fracturing his leg and success to him. jaw and four ribs. At the present time Bro. Richardson is preparing a team to both brothers are getting along as nicely enliven our initiation and candidates can as can be expected. expect things to happen to them before Our First G. V. P., James J. Reed paid long. us a visit during the month and attended Bro. Busby and myself were at the the meeting and spoke on the question of capitol looking after the master electri­ District Council, but brothers. I am sorry cians bill which was introduced in the to say I was not at the meeting and wiI1 house of representatives and I want to say state that I was at home at the. time to all locals, look out for all such bills, nursing a sprained ankle so what our as there are several interpretations of worthy G. V. P. had to say in regards to them and from my observations of labor the question of District Council, I cannot legislation the union man generally gets relate as I am sorry to say I was not the small end of the proposition in capi­ there, but I will say that Bro. Reed won tol letters. his point as Local No. 27 has consented As such bills as would benefit us are to be represented at the next convention invariably termed class legislation and of District Council. we do not have the labor representation Brothers I would like to impress upon at our legislature sufficient to pass them. your minds that the attendance to meet­ So that in my estimation we should or­ ings is commencing to get smaller. Now ganize to a unit our craft and leave don't let that stay away feeling take hold legislation alone. of you. Brace up and forget about her or Bro. Reed called on us at our last the other place you were going and on meeting and gave us a lot of good advice every meeting night go to your meeting which hit a needed flock.' and help the other brothers fight for the The local elected me to fill out the cause which you think is right. I would unexpired term of Bro. Lakin (resigned) like to bring it to the brother's memories so I expect my literary efforts to the that there is to be some kind of a social WORKER will cease. outing in the near future, so try and get Fraternally yours, to the meetings and let them know you EDD P ARMENTEB. are there for a cause which you think is P. S. and R. S. Local No. 18. right. 48 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

Well, brothers, I am about to close, but the Light Company's poles after night by before doing so I will say success to Phil· an officer but claimed to be working for adelphia and Camden in their struggle the Light Company, which he was not. against the D. & A., and many happy In this way he avoided arrest. He is wishes to our members and success to the evidently a thief and no good. Kindly brotherhood and trusting the editor will warn members against him through the find space in the WORKER for this letter. WORKER. He is probably 5 feet 9 inches Fraternally yours, in height; weight about 150 pounds; WM. H. GREEN, light, curly hair. We would be pleased Press Secretary. for information concerning him. Baltimore, Md. Fraternally yours, C. MACKNIGHT, Local Union No. 38. Recording Secretary, EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Route No. 36. As our press secretary is out of town Peoria, Ill. and the brothers have not heard from No. 389 very lately I will write a few Local Union No. 89. lines so they will know that she is EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: still on the roll. Please give me just a little space in Well brothers, the work is very slack your valuable columns for a few words in this vicinity this spring, so do not from old 89. I believe everything is come this way thinking there is lots of moving along smoothly. Received one work for there is not. The Bell Com· new application last meeting night; com· pany are not going to do any work this mittee was appointed and hope to make summer and the other companies are not a favorable report. doing Tery much and it looks as if the Bell Company are trying to get rid of all It is beginning to feel like the good old their card men, they are dropping them summer time again. The boys will begin off one at a time until they have not got to feel like taking a dip in the good old only tow or three left in Glens Falls. surf once more. I belieVe next meeting They seem to have an excuse for letting night will be the election of officers. Just them go but they are very poor excuses, watch old 89 from now on. Think most nevertheless, they go just the same. of the boys are going to the exposition a They have let all their foremen go now little later on; all are expecting a grand that carry a card and put those things time. . that never had a card in their places. Well, am short of news this time. But ·there will come a time some day Trust this won't reach the waste basket. when we can talk Unionism and that With best wishes to all of the Locals, I will be when the Bell Company will remain, come and see us and that will have to Yours, come sooner or later and I think it J. M. TURNER, would come a great deal sooner if more of the brothers would come up in the Press Secretary. meeting rooms to do their talking and Georgetown, S. C. do less on the streets. Brother, come to the meetings and keep your dues paid and you will be Local Union No. 109. better satisfied the way things are run· EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: ning. This is the day we honor the dead. Well, I guess I have taken up space I will not only honor the dead, but the enough in the WORKER for this time, so living by dropping a line to the brothers will ring off, hoping to hear from other through the WORKER. Times are pretty Locals. I remain, good here considering the slack work all Faithfully yours, over the country at our trade. The J. G. H. O. WHITE. White Co. are the only ones doing any construction here. We have 15 or 20 out of town brothers working with us. The good, honest :floating brother who comes Local Union No. 34. in looking for honest work is welcome at EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: any time, but we have been pestered by a On May 22d, a lineman came to this few of good for nothing tramp kind lately, city, carrying a card from No. 109, of who, because every brother they meet Rock Island, Ill., bearing the name of working don't slip half dollars in his .T. C. Stedman. On the strength of this hand, they curse and damn all home· card he borrowed from two of our memo guards and tell you they made the broth· bers a set of spurs, a belt and a pair of erhood, that only for the :floaters we correctors. Since then we have seen would be working for $2.00 for 10 hours nothing of him. He was seen on one of yet then they eat all they can and sleep i·1 I I I THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 49 1 I on both our meal tickets on each side of away tools with them, the brothers were the river and go on to the next town to good enough to loan them. do the same, taking out $10.00 out of the With best wishes to all good, loyal brotherhood to where they put one in. brothers, I am, That stripe of a brother if he does stop Yours fraternally, to work a few days tne home guards must NEWTON TYRREL. hustle around and find some brother who Davenport, Iowa. can loan him some tools to work with. He, the tramp, never has any. Then when meeting night comes he is there. He has managed in some way to get a good load Local Union No. 127. of "peaches" and he is there to tell the EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Local just how their business ought to be run and the president will either have to I have recently been appointed "Press throw him out or let the business drag Secretary" and will endeavor to the best on till 10 o'clock when it could all have of my ability to prove a competent one. been done in an hour easy and all mem­ I wish to state that we are wide awake bers went home feeling as though they here and are rapidly increasing our mem­ had accomplished. something, but the bership. We gave a ball a short time worst of all, when this tramp gets a pay since and realized a snug little sum. day he spends his few dimes in the Through the efforts of some of our saloon, beats some poor boarding house brothers we have made our comrades to widow woman out of his bill and carries realize that ohr union is just what we the tools some good brother has loaned make it, and as time and tide wait for out of town with him. Is it any wonder no man it beholds us to be up and doing the so-called home guards gets tired help­ applying our zealous efforts to the mark ing the traveling brothers and one more, of our high c'llling "The brotherhood of I don't think it good taste for a brother our fellow craftsman." who has been around some and ought to There is nothing that will promote have better sense. Just because he has strength, confidence and integrity in our been promoted to strawboss to tap a union like "harmony." Let us work to­ brother floater on the shoulder and say gether with a will, we are in the fray to to him on the quiet that he is gOing to w.in and win we must for right is on our put some or all of these old home guards side and we yet will float our banners to on the bum before he gets through, and the breeze exclaiming "Excellsior." they' try to make them climb sides of Fraternally yours, buildings and church steeples and smoke A. B. T. T. stacks to accomplish this threat. Press Sec. I'll tell you brothers, I believe in a fair days work for a fair days pay, but when the foreman works the men right on the Local Union No. 130. poles till the whistle blows noon and night and sometimes longer the men lose EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: interest in their work. I speak for my­ Although we have not been heard from self. I will do more worK, take an inter­ in some time, nevertheless we are still est in what I am dOing, think more of here and "doing nicely, thank you." the foreman, be happier and accomplish Our organizer, Bro. Geo. Hulbert, has more for the Company if the foreman been with us for the past few weeks and would give the men 15 minutes at noon we have held a series of open meetings and night to take their tools off and so which have brought in quite a number of forth. Its the foremen who is responsible new members as well as old members who for the conditions on any job, but the deserted while under fire. trouble, nine out of ten of the hay-bosses was the laziest man in the gang before he While a building boom is on in our got promoted so he tries to make the city, we have enough men here to handle bunch make up for what he beat the the situation with ease. company out of before he got promoted. Our annual picniC will be given on the Then, he .thinks he is making a mark for 28th inst. and from all indications a himself in the eyes of the Company. The rousing good time is to be expected. first thing he knows he has lost the good If Bro. John Nunez should see this, will of all the men and even meets his please communicate with his mother who own Waterloo and wonders how he done is very anxious concerning his safety and it. Well, I suppose you will think I am whereabouts. a crank for sure, so I'll close by saying With best wishes for thA T. B. E. W., if anyone knowing the w.hereabouts of I am, one Harry Dodge or James Knolan, bet­ Fraternally, ter known as "Kid" Nolan, will please T. E. TODD, notify the secretary of Local 109, as they Press Secretary. left here owing board bills and carried New Orleans, La. 50 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

Local Union No. 155. Local Union No. 156. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: EDITOR ELECTRICAL ,VORKER: I can not give any news very exciting Glad to report old 156 in good condi­ from here this time, but will try and re­ tion. The boys win out in a very short port at roll call. time with the Home Telephone and Light Companies for $3.00 per day as a mini­ Local No. 155 is still in the business mum scale, yet the companies did not put and are under the head of "Good of the all the men back to work. Things are Union" all the time and when anything gradually getting better however and comes up it is well taken care of. everybody seems determined to do his best. Bro. Lee Stephens, one of our old I think all the boys are working, but reliable members, and a man known the weather has been unfavorable most throughout the electrical world, and all spring for anyone to get in straight especially in Texas during the past fifteen time. years as an almost faultless electrical en­ Now, brothers, here is something that gineer, as well as a citizen and Union has been brought to the attention of our man, was recently elected as one of the Local Union, and if there is anythmg to four commissioners for the Government it it should be investigated. of the city of Fort Worth. A stranger came in here a short time Organized labor in Texas is proud of ago and told us of an accident that befel Bro. Stephens and personally I have a brother by the name of Mike McGlown known him for fifteen years and I'd trust in New Mexico, near BrIen, who was run him just like I would my mother. over by a train and killed. Up here at Denton where I live things The party reporting says he (McGlown) are quiet. The Southwestern has been was a Union man, but don't know what rebuilding here but no "card men" on the became of his card or his money, some­ job. The Street Railway Co. here in Den­ thing like a hundred dollars, that he had ton are not doing any construction work in his pocket, and that he did not get at present, although they have their ties a respectable, let alone any thing like a already here. decent burial; that he was chucked into Bro. Pete Schwitzer is still hunting an old box of some kind and received "trouble" for the People's Telephone Co. what is known in that country as a se­ here in Denton. Pete has the reputation cret burial, only :five of six knowing any­ of being the light weight champion frog thing of it. killer of north Texas. L. Sharp a railroad contractor of Kan­ Most all Union men in Texas are tak­ sas City had charge of the work and the ing a deeper interest in the movement, accident occurred at what was known as and five years hence will see all working Railroad Camp No. 34. men in Texas within the ranks of organ­ Now we do not know either party, but ized labor. through respect of the brother and his With best wishes for all members, I am, folks, we take interest enough in it to as ever, take this means of notifying the Brother­ Sincerely and fraternally, hood and Bro. Editor, if you so desire you can cut it off here and make special "OLD CRIP," mention of it. Anyone wanting further Press Secretary. information can probably find out what they care to know by writing to Bro. John Kerus, 505 Central ave., Oklahoma City, Okla. -Local Union No. 212. Now if anyone knows the brother or EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: the whereabouts of his people it would The following Cincinnati contractors only be a brotherly act by investigating who do electrical work in all parts of or notifying them. the county, are on the "Unfair List" of Local Union No. 212. Bro. C. G. Foster has been elected to fill the office or Recording Secretary and A. S. Schulman; The Devere Electric he is making good with the pen. Co.; The Cincinnati Electrical Construc­ tion Co.; The Beattie Electric Co.; San­ The attendance is not what it might be born & Marsh, and W. G. Reuter. but is fair and last meeting was better The above named contractors have de­ than a few nights before and will prob­ clared the "Open Shop" on May 1, 1906, ably keep on increasing. and Since then have been bringing Yours fraternally, "scabs" into our city from all over the country. AL. WALLER. No union men will work for any of Press Secretary. these contractors in Cincinnati, and we Oklahoma City, Okla . ask that all members of the Brotherhood

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/ • THE ELEOTRICAL WORKER 51

give them a wide berth in whatever city of business. He is right in his statement they may be doing work. that too many brothers take no interest LocAL UNION No. 212. in the affairs of the Union beyond carry­ J. A. CULLEN, Business Agent. ing a card. I believe with him, that Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 31, 1907. ltvely debate on all questions is the prop­ er way to secure the best results, se Local Union No. 213. brothers, get on your feet in the meetings and state your side of any question that EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: comes up for discussion_ Just a few words to advise all brothers Hoping to see at least part of this in to steer clear of this burg for a while as the June WORKER, I remain, we are presenting wage schedules both Fraternally yours, for inside men and linemen and things T. B. LANG. do not look too rosy, so I will advise trav­ Williamsport, Pa. eling brothers to leave this place off their menu card for a while and I will notify them through the WORKER when every­ Local Union No. 283. thing is squared up. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Our worthy vice president, C. A. Mac· dougall has left us and is in Butte Mon­ Just a few lines from Local No. 283, tana. Use him well for "Mac" is all right. to inform all brothers that we are still Kid Meisner from Nebraska is still here going ahead with the good work, but I with us. I think this is all I can say at am sorry to relate that work in our trade present so I will ring off, hoping to write is very dull at the present time_ The a better and longer letter next time. I Pacific Telephone (Bell) Company have remain, laid off all men except just enough to Fraternally yours, keep their exchanges in operation and by GEO. JENKINS, so doing they have flooded the coast with Secretary. idle men. Therefore, I would advise all 321 Harris st., Vancouver, B. C. brothers to keep away from this coast at the present time. I will be pleased. to advise you when conditions improve. LOcal Union No. 239. Local No. 6 is still out and there are EDI]'OR ELECTRICAL WORKER: no signs of a speedy settlement still we We have moved into our new rooms at all expect No.6 to win out. Owing to the No. 12 E. Market Square, and had hoped car men's strike in San Francisco Local that the new quarters would have the et­ No. 151 has called out all of her mem­ fect of bringing some of the dilatory bers who were working for the United brothers around to the meetings, but it Railroads; by this action they are a doesn't seem to have done so, in fact we great number of idle men in San Fran­ have had to call a special meeting for cisco. We expect to see the car men Sunday in order to get the rooms wired, win out in a very short time as the car and even then the only brothers appear­ service in San Francisco is in a deplor­ ing were the same old wheel horses that able condition and Mr. Calhoun with all are always on deck. I think that any of his strike breakers can not accomplish brother who could devise some means of very much with his cars. There are a getting a full attendance at meetings very few riding on what cars are running would surely deserve a pension. At pres­ so that the more cars they operate the ent in this city, advertised throughout more money they lose, so there are not the country as the "Ideal city for home enough passengers to pay the wages of and business," the work in our. line Is the crews. slack, other tra?es are having trouble, The Telephone Operators in San Fran­ among them bemg the rnonltiers, car­ cisco are still on strike against the Paci­ penters and painters. The carpenters are fic Telephone Co., and I am pleased to striking for a nine hour day and closed state that the girls are standing firm and shop, and have the building trade pretty are just as determined to win today as well tied up. The moulders have several they were the first day they went out. foundries closed. The plumbers are strik­ ing for 8 hours and a raise in pay with Locals No. 6 and 151 played a benefit good chances of winning. The electrical ball game for the Operators Union Sun­ workers are not having any labor trouble day, May 26th, and I am more than proud on account of the generosity of the em­ to state that it was a grand success in ployers, they give us ten hours to do a every way. I have been informed that days work in. We have to be satisfied the game netted the Operators something with this on account of the I. B. E. W. over one thousand, dollars. The game re­ being in the minority in this city. sulted in favor of No.6. Score, 7 to 4. Bro. Wm. Young of Troy, N. Y., was a Grand President McNulty was with us visitor at our last meeting and gave the for a few days but owing to an engage­ brothers some valuable advice, impress­ ment in the East, he was forced to leave ing on them the necessity of attending here, but he has promised to return to us and taking an active part in the handling next month (June). 52 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

Now brothers, I wish to Inform you that Well, brothers, the strike situation is the Locals arounu this bay have 'a joint about the same as when I last wrote, but committee who are working on the con­ the boys commence to think that a gen­ stitution so you may look for something eral strike is the only thing for the I. B. stirring In this line in the near future E. W. to consider. Now, Bro. Cook was so we believe. We will be able to ad­ not satisfled with the strike in Camden, vocate for the general good of the 1. B, he had to go to Frisco and get in it again. E. W. We will endeavor to get these It shows he is game. I will conclude by revisions out in time to be presented to wishing all brothers success, especially the E. B. of the 1. B. this coming Sep­ the brothers on strike. tember, then we hope the same will be Yours respectfully, submitted for referendum vote. H. B. FRASER, Now Mr. Editor, if you will publish this Press Secretary. letter you will be conferring on me a Camden, N. J. great favor, and with best wishes to all members of the I. B. E. W., I remain, Fraternally, Local Union No. 313. HUGH MURRIN, EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Press Secretary. Oakland, Calif. Well, brothers, it is just twelve months since we entered into our struggle against the Philadelphia Bell and Dela­ Local Union No. 296. ware and Atlantic Company, and are still EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: standing firm and hope the boys in the Hello, everybody. How is the weather brotherhood will take notice that we are in your town? It is pretty cold around • still out as it appears the Bell Company's here. Well, brothers, things are not very are doing a lot of advertising throughout brisk around here at present. The Light the country trying to get men to come is doing some new work and they are here as during the past month several about the only ones that are doing any­ brothers floated in here from the West thing. The Telephone Co. is not doing being sent here by the Bell officials as anything this spring. they claimed ,to take a foremanship. It Well, brothers, Local 296 is getting appears that they are hard up for a prac­ along fine. All the boys are working, in­ tical man. It appears that they are try­ cluding our old friend Bill Connors, he ing to give us the double cross by hiring is all to the good. men in Kansa::; and Missouri and sending Brothers, I will close my letter, with them east and do the same with us by best wishes to all brothers. sending them out there. B. SMITH, Now, brothers, there is no excuse for Press Secretary. any brother trying to put up the bluff he Poughkeepsie, N. Y. did not know there was any trouble on because if he keeps his dues up and at­ tends his Local meeting and reads the Local Union No. 299. WORKER he can see and hear about the EDITOR ELEOTRICAL WORKER: places where trouble is on. Well, brothers, as it is getting near lt appears that the fraternal circuit of the end of my term as press secretary, 313 has got grounded up against a form I will have to say a few words. In the of high resistance in the shape of the first place, I want to inform all the boys pretty girls and summer park openings, that our old esteemed brother, P. Boylan and brothers, as we don't meet on what has dropped out of the electric business. is commonly known as ladies night, do He has accepted a position as night watch­ not make an engagement on Thursday man for a large firm in Camden. I don't night but come up as they are still of the know who they have watching Peter, for faithful few that attend the meetings he certainly needs watching. We also and do business so you can stand on the have the honor of having one of our old corner and knock about. standby brothers, John Macdugall, elected Well, Brother Editor, as this is quite a vice president of District Council No.3. long one will pull the plug and close, Keep it up John, old boy, you will get to with best wishes to the Brotherhood. Springfield if you keep on. Before he was elected vice president he came to the CHAS. WOODSIDE, meetings in his stocking feet, but now a Press Secretary, pickadilly collar and a silk hat is nothing 513 S. Harrison. for him. Here is another brother that Wilmington, Del. has been taking his better half under his wing and flew from Bridgeport, Conn., to Columbia, South Carolina, and finally Local Union No. 367. landed back where he started from, not EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: much richer but a good bit wiser. This is As it has been some time since Local Bro. C. Moran. No. 367 has been heard from in your val- I THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 53 uable journal, I will endeavor to let the not so fast as we could desire, work be­ outside world know that we are up and ing very quiet with all the various Com­ doing. There are five initiations at our 'panys operating here this spring, which next meeting, all the officers and members prevented our Local putting it up to them are doing their share to try and build up as we would like to have done. However, this grand order. It we could only install we can wait awhile, for myself I don't see into the weak, limp, soft and stagnant that we can do much good in a struggle minds of the boys here in one certain with a Company like the Bell, until we plant here, the beauty and necessity of are thoroughly organized from coast to going hand in hand and working in har­ coast. I may say that we keep the goat mony with one another the conditions busy iI\itiating one or more candidates here would be more satisfactory. Trust­ every meeting, and we are gradually ing in the future we can take in some of getting all the non's in this town to our the lost sheep. Brothers be a man, don't way of thinking. Our meetings are full neglect your dues, if you can't come to of interest from start to finish as a num­ meeting send it with some one. No Local ber of our members are putting up some can exist when only the officers are pres­ very interesting and instructive lectures ent. They can't do business w:ithout you. on "Practical Electrical Subjects," which Now boys, keep up to the mark and are greatly appreciated by all of us. don't drop away behind and then try and Sorry to note that we have lost one of find some petty grievance against the our most useful members recently in the Local for a cause to drop out. If things person of J. J. Walker, our late treasurer, don't suit get in and make them suit. It he having quit the business. We all wish is all your own fault if you don't attend him the best possible success in his new and see what is going on. Two years ago venture. Bro. Sander has been elected Local 367 captured the banner prize on to fill the treasurer's place, and I am Labor Day. There were about twenty sure he will give great satisfaction to the Locals in line. The boys are out again Local. for it again at the next demonstration. I will now close the circuit by wishing In clOSing I would like to say a word of every one a prosperous season of work. good cheer to one J. Waugham, a mem­ ber from No. 435, who was in Vancouver Fraternally, during the late strike, and, who, in spite U. H. WELLS, of great inducements held out to him, did Press Secretary. not scab the job. Good for you Jimmie; Granite City, Ill. No. 435 is proud of you. Yours fraternally, A. MILES, Local Union No. 369. Press Secretary. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: As it has been a long time since I have Local Union No. 501. seen a piece in the WORKER from Local No. 369. I made a Kick about it and be­ EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: cause I made a kick they made me fill the It is with deep meditation and sorrow office of Press Secretary. that I write my report this month owing Work here is not at all brisk, but most to the dreadful happenings which have all the boys are working, the majority of occurred in this vicinity in the past them are working at the White City Park, month, . for two young men who were your humble servant being one of the working nearby here met with such a number. I would advise traveling broth­ sudden death I cannot help but relate it. ers to cut Louisvlue ott the map for the Both men in the prime of life have been time being. We have put a business agent burned to death by coming in contact in the field and he is doing lots of good with live wires on the overhead system work, Bro. Kelly by name. that the Westinghouse Company are in­ stalling for the N. Y., N. H. & H. Rail­ Our old financial secretary resigned and road Co. Millions are being spent for Bro. C. E. Sewell of No. 939 5th street, the improvement of local travel and for was elected in his place. the accommodation of the community, Well I guess I will throw the switch shipper and general public and not one for this month. With kindest regards to dollar to prevent such deplorable acci­ all sister Locals. dents. Are human lives worth anything? C. L. SNEDAKER. At the niggardly salary of $2.50 to $3.00 1209 W Market st., Louisville, Ky. per day, ambitious young men are work­ , ing for theE:e electrical companies to pro­ duce their wealth and "death" stands at Local Union No. 435. their elbows smiling at the greediness of corporations. Cannot some law be passed EDITOR ELEC'rRICAL WORKER: that will protect our workmen from these Hello, there! Here's No. 435 again, like mercantile murders, or is the science of Charley's Aunt, still running, although electricity so little understood that a 54 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER man at a· paltry salary, in order to sup­ pital being badly burned. Both are re­ port his wife and family has to take his covering rapidly and I hope soon they life in his hands daily in order to make will both be able to go to work again. a living. Surely there must be some remedy for the legislature to work on. They have started to lay some of the In the meantime why can not corpora­ men off at the Power House here and at tions pay the men who work at the dan­ present work isn't any too brisk. Some gerous calling a salary that will in a of the brothers taking almost anything before they will loaf. We had our first measure ofset the awful risk they run? talk with the bosses here on May 18th Joseph Fay, 32 years old, employed as and just as luck would have it they tried a lineman for the Westinghouse Company to get the earth with a fence around it. who are doing the work for the New but we had the four pickets which was York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. necessary to complete the fence and we a former resident of LeRoy, N. Y. and WOUldn't give up so they want us to for the past few months boarding at No. demonstrate and then they will meet us 206 Hugenot st., New Rochelle, was killed which, I think, no doubt before long they by a live wire on Sunday, May 12, at 3 will gladly do so. I think I will now p. m., at Port Chester. Fay, who was do­ close. ing overtime climbed one of the struct­ Yours fraternally, ures and being a very tall man the brim F. F. CROWLEY, of his hat struck a live wire and the Press Secretary. current of 1100 volts passed through his Yonkers, N. Y. body burning his head, face, chest, legs and feet and killing him instantly.

Mr. Fay was a member of the Eagles Local Union No. 528. Aerie No. 732, New Rochelle and also a member of the I. B. E. W. Mr. H. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: McGonie, a prominent member of both Well brothers, since you heard from us organizations was notified and with sev­ eral of 1\fr. Fay's friends of Ne'w' Rochelle we have been granted an increase of 15 went to Port Chester to take charge of per cent, through the efforts of the union the remains. The family was notified. and I am sure if we had not all had the A handsome casket ornamented with the cards we would never have even got that. eIIiblem of the "Eagles" was secured and Considering that we have been organized on Monday evening, the body was sent to only a short time, besides having a hard his home in LeRoy, N. Y. company to get an agreement with, C., M. Mr. Daniel McGivvern was the other & St. P. R. R., I think we did pretty well. member killed. Both were I. B. E. W. We had some brothers who seemed a little members and also belonged to the Eagles dissatisfied, but when we explained mat­ and I regret to say both members were ters to them it was all right. Now that behind in their dues and not long enough we have shown the boys what we can do in the Eagles to get the death benefit. by all sticking to 528, I am sure they will Mr. H. McGonie (hats .off brothers, to do it. We would be glad to see any visit­ him, for if ever there was a true man ing brother who happens to be in Milwau­ with such a kind heart and helping hand kee at our meetings which are held at 318 it is him owing to the grand work he did State street the second and fourth Thurs­ in both cases) and Mr. McGivvern had no days of the month. sooner separated after doing this work and signing the papers for Mr. Fay's re­ Yours fraternally, moval. They went back to work in the ELMER E. HISCOX. different places. Mr. McGonie received Milwaukee, Wis. the sad word that his friend Mr. Mc­ Givvern had been instantly killed in Stampford. Not even did he have a Local Union No. 542. chance to rest. Bro. McGonie when he EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: got this word starts out again in that The members of Local No. 542 have same untiring way and through the been after me to write you and put this "Eagles" they make arrangements for the little editorial in the' WORKER. burial of their second brother who died Local No. 542 being a new local we are inside of three days time. It was a grand knocking at the editorial room for ad­ piece of work this Aerie done in so im­ mission. We organized here Feb. 16, 1907, portant a case. Our own Local donated with membership of nine. Our order now $20 to this order and I think it would be numbers twenty-eight with applications well if all Locals, especially in this lo­ coming in daily. Since the Pacific Tel. cality did the same to reimburse them, & Tel. Co. has laid off so many construc­ in their hour of need. tion men a number of them have drifted We also have had two of our own through here and notice in most of their brothers laid up in the Mt. Vernon Hos- lapels a button of the I. B. E. W. which THE ELEOTRIOAL WORKER 55 shows how strong unionism is becoming. will not get cable for a month. There I also with to say Chici is. one of the are a number of men traveling without strongest union towns of Northern Cali­ their card, and, while they may be all fornia. With best wishes for the broth- . right, this local will not recognize any ers of the I. B. E. W., I am one who comes here without a card. Bro. Fraternally yours, McHanney, of Philadelphia, was here, FRANK F. KIRKPATRICK, but has landed the tunnel job in Port Rec. Sec. Huron. Bro. O. Strand from St. Paul also went to Port Huron. Bro. Manning, Local Union No. 553. from Syracuse, paid us a visit while on his way to Chicago. Hello, Brothers EDITOR ELECTl,nCAL WORKERS Bretske, Naas, Ferrey and Lavelle. We Well, Brothers, No. 553, Cable Splicers meet every Friday night at 140 First and Testers, had a good meeting FrIday street, Prismatic hall. No more; the and took in two new splicers, P. H. parafine is hot! Yours truly, Saunders and C. F. Watteman, from New York City. A smoker, which was at­ LITTLE JAKE. tended by 150 of our members, was held Detroit, Mich., May 13, 1907. after the meeting. Our President, Fred Hall, acted as announcer. Nick Collins, lightweight champion wrestler, and Del Local Union No. 553. Brown, of Detroit, boxed three rounds. EDITOR ELECTRICAL WORKER: Then our fighting Sandow Snyder and List of Officers of Cable Splicers and Bob McDonnell, boxed three rounds, and Tester Local: Sandow and J. C. Brunnersberger went three rounds, which was "everything but Fred Hall, President, 807 14th street; murder." This bout was between the Joe Hummeick, Vice-President, Bell Tel. Home Telephone and Bell Telephone rep­ Co.; J. C. Prommesheyer, Recording Sec­ resentatives, and President Hall declared retary, 2'03 3d street; D. Faurnier, Finan­ it a draw, the decision being satisfactory cial Secretary, 43 Park ave.; W. L. Sny­ to the "noble bunch." We also had Bro. der, Inspector, 232 Potter street; C. Har­ J. J. Reid with us, and everybody was tag, Foreman, Home Tel. ·Co.; L. Foster, pleased to see our "sailor boy." Bro. 2d Inspector; Trustees, Joe Hummeich, 18 Dooley, of 17, was also a visitor. Bro. months, L. Foster, 12 months, F. McGurty, Ryan gave us some of his "Sal Adams" 6 months. and it was 2 a. m. when the gathering Meet every Friday at 140 First street. dispersed. Thanks are tendered to the All cable splicers should write us be­ committee for the entertainment fur­ fore coming here as there is no work, nished, all the talent having donated the new Co. is not putting any men on their services to insure success of the and conditions are bad. smoker. Work is not brisk here, and we have had quite a few drift in whom we Yours fraternally, were unable to take care of. The Home J. C. PROMMESHEYER. is not putting on any men and the Bell Rec. Sec_

SENATORIAL CONSEQUENCES. (A Transportation from Gilbert.) Senator Hush was as good as gold; Senator Growl was a naughty boy; He always did as the railroad told. To start reforms was his chiefest JOY. He never asked if a thing was just He wouldn't vote as his Boss decreed; Or gave offense to the Sugar Trust; He wouldn't pander to private greed; He never sniffed at the tainted dough He said rude things to the Wall Street Which lobbyists dropped in his hand of man snow. When he came around with the white­ He never squealed when the gang kept wash can; still And he often wrote, with a fiendish gall, Or stood. in the way of a land-grab bill; "Thou shalt not steal" on the Senate wall: And the consequence was when his term And the consequence was he advanced in was over. station He faded back to the tall, tall clover. And died at the head of a corporation. -Wallace Irwin, in Life. 56 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

Directory of Local Unions. 11

Thi.8 Directory is compiled from the quarterly reports furnished by local secretaries. If your local is not properly classi­ fied, it Is because no report, or an imperfect one, has been furnished. Local secretaries should promptly report any changes. Locals are composed of branches of the trade, as per the following signs: (aj Mixed. (b) Linemen. (c) Inside Men. (d) Trimmers. (e) Cranemen. (f) Cable Splicers. (g) Switch-board Men. (h) Shopmen. (i) Fixture Hangers.

LOCATION. Fin. Sec'y. Address. Rec. Sec'y. Meeting Place. I Date of Meeting.

1 St. Louis, Mo.(c) ...... H. J. Morrison ..... H47 Hodimontav. C. Hoefel...... 17th &Washin't'n st. Tuesdays ...... 2 St. Louis, Mo.(b) ...... Harry Myer ...... 928 N. 17th st...... John Westfall ...... 928 N.17th st ...... Fridays ...... { New Orleans, La.(o) ... John H. McLin .... 2311 Freret st ...... J. Siebert ...... 110 Exchange st ..... Istand 3d Tuesday 5 Pittsburg. Pa.(C) ...... H. McDoug-all ...... U6 Wood st...... R. A. Logan ...... 416 Wood st ...... Thursdays ...... 6 SanFrancisco, Calif. (c) . A. Kempston ...... 2307 Fillmore st ... Geo. E. Russel. .... 677 MCAllister st .... Wednesdays...... Springfield, Mass.(a) ... Geo. D. Be.echer ... ~1 Trier st...... W. F. Kavanaugh .. IF .& W. bl. ,Main st. Tuesdays ...... ~ Toledo, O.(c) ...... Paul Schmidt ...... ,45 Eastern av ...... no Monroe st ...... Mondays ...... II Chicago,m.(a) ...... F. P. Cohrs ...... '15625 Dearborn st.. V. Haugan ...... 155 E. Randolph st.. Saturdays ...... 10 Indiana olis, Ind.(a) ... C. R. Thomp50n ... Box 322 ...... W. L. Barrett ...... ,36~ E. Washington Fridays ...... 11 Akron, B.(a) ...... "IF. F. Loomis ...... ~9 Viaduct st...... A. Grant ...... 1269 S. Broadway st .. 2d & 4th Wedn'd'y ll! Pueblo,Colo.(a) ...... Wm. H. Hart ...... Box 70 ...... R. J. Moore ...... "1'705 N. Main st...... Fridays ...... U Pitt1sburg,Pa.(b) ...... J. A. Groves ...... 416 Wood st ...... Harry Kluppell .... 416 Wood st ...... Fridays ...... 1~ Jersey City, N. J. (a) ... A. H. Wilson ...... 1218P'k av.Hob'kn F. S. Houston ...... 331 Palisade ave ..... Wednesdays ...... 16 Evan~vUle.. Ind. (a) ..... IR. oy Hoskinson .... 1124, E.Deleware st F. ~. Sinks ...... 315~ 4th st ...... Wednesdays...... 17 DetrOit, Mich. (a) ...... 'IF. Campbell ...... 734 Monroe ave ... J. Ii erd Conway .... 140 1st st ...... Mondays ...... 18 Detroit, Mich. (c) ...... J. H. Busby ...... UO 1st st.. .: ...... IChas. K Lal>in ..... Prismatic Hall ...... Fridays ...... 19 Atchison, Kas.(a) ...... W. H. Coleman .... 1029 Laramie st ... Ed D. Wentworth .. 7th&Commercial st. 2d & 4th Friday .. . lID G'tr. New York, NY.(b), W. A. Sutherland .. 121 Wil'by st.B'lyn D. A. Chisholm .... 193 Bowery...... Tuesdays ...... 21 Phiiadelphia,Pa.(b) .... IWm. T. MCKiUllt::YI2141 S. Hicks st ... M. 1. Moran ...... 9th and Filbert st ... Fridays ...... 22 Omaha, Neb.(c) ...... \A. W. Grayson ..... 1431 S. 15th st...... L. J. Carver...... ILabor Temple...... W"'dnesdays ...... 23 St. PaUl,Minn.(a) ...... C. F. Rheinhardt ... 980 Conway st. ... Wm. E.Cronquist..\309 Wabasha st ..... 1st & 3d Monday. 24 Minneapolis,Minn.,(b)IFrank Flannagan .. 407 Century bldg. W. H. Brown ...... 45 S.4th st...... 25 Terre Haute, Ind.(a) ... Guv Sweinhart. .... 300 N. Hh st ...... E. H. Venoble ...... 6th and Ohio st ..... Fridays ...... 26 Washington, D. C.(c) .. iT. E. Bessman ..... Riverdale, Md .... Wm. F. Kelly ...... I6th and Gsts.,N.W. Thursdays ...... 27 Baltimore, Md.(bl ...... J. A. Connelly' ..... 1128 N. Bond st ... Geo. Spillman ...... Park av.and Fayette-, Mondays ...... 28 Baltimore, Md. (c ...... Chas. Patterson .... 1166 Cleveland st.. 1. C. Franz ...... 343 W. Ca\vertst.... Thursdays ...... 29 Trenton.~. J.(a) ...... P. S. Fleisher ...... 23 Southard st ..... J. P. Kelly ...... Broad and Front sts Tuesdays ...... l!O Boston, mass. (g) ...... H. E. Harvay ...... 23 Kersarge av ...... Arcade Hall ...... 1st & 3d Thursday 31 Duluth .Minn.(a) ...... H. J. Gibbs ...... 215 W. 5tli st...... W. H. Hunt ...... Labor World Hall.. Thursday. 1st, 3d 5 32 Lima, O.(a) ...... F. Whitmer...... 414 S. Metcalf st... Thos. Roney ...... Union Labor Hall.. 1st & 3d Thursday 34 Peoria. Ill. (b) ...... R. L. Baker...... Lock Box 849 ..... C. MacKnight ...... 123 S. Adams st..... 2d & 4th Thursd'y 36 Sacramento,Cal.(a) ... J. Noonan ...... U2020th st ...... C. W. Samuelson ... 9th and I sts ...... Thursdays ...... 37 Hartford,Conn.(a) ...... D. M. Murphy ...... 45 Chestnut st ..... J. J. McNam~.ra .... 236 Asylum 8t...... Fridays ...... 38 Cleveland,O.(c) ...... "IE. Howarth ...... 1863 W. 45th it .... Sam. MacWatters .. '117 Superior av ..... Tuesdays ...... 39 Cleveland,O.(b) ...... J. Campb"'ll ...... 717 Superior ave .. E. L. Lame ...... Anch Hall. ant. st.. Thursdays ...... 40 St. Joseph, Mo.(a) ...... Chas. B. Ellis ...... 120~ N. 3d·st ...... J. P. Scott ...... 5 Felix st ...... Thursdays...... {I Buffalo,N. Y.(c) ...... Wm. E. Mory ...... 275 Hickoryst ..... Wm. Chartres ...... 7 W. Mohan st...... Mondays ...... 42 Utica, N. Y.(b) ...... Adam Durr ...... 27-29 Lafayette st. W. A. Hicks ...... Labor Temple ...... 1st & 3d Friday ... 43 Syracuse, N. Y. (c) ..... Frank Wallace ...... BOx}16 ... : ...... Fred Ackman ...... Genesse & Clinton. Friday ...... «Rochester (b) ...... John Cox ...... 128 Ii rankllO st .... P. H. Brennan ...... 86 State st ...... 2d & 4th Wed'day 45 Buffalo, N. Y. (b) ...... John E. McCadden. 255 7th st ...... R. W. Lester ...... Goodale & Wash. 2d & 4th Saturday 46 Baltimore, Md. (f) ..... R. A. McPhee ...... 423 W. Mulberry. W. W. Moat ...... Border State Bank .. 1st &3rd Wed'day 47 Sioux City, Ia. (a) ...... J. R. Crawford ...... Box 102 ...... F. T. Crockett ...... 4144th st ...... Weduesdays... .. 48 Shawnee, O. T. (a) .. "IF. M. Peyton ...... 731 N. Market st .. J. S. Malahay ...... 214~ N. Broadway. Wednesdays.: .. . 49 Chicag:o (b) ...... Wm. Hick~y ...... 135 Racine ave .... Chas. Krimr::er..... Mas. Temple R. 21Q. 1st & 3rd Tuesday 50 BelleVille (a) ...... Edw. Fredrlchs ..... ~ Bell Tel. Co .... Fred Kastle ...... A and Spring st .... 1st & Srd Monday 51 Eagle Pass, Tex. (a) ... "E. A. Ashley ...... Box 126 ...... Mesquite Hall...... Last Thursday ... . 52 Newark (c) ...... \Edmund L. Beatty '1304 S. 9thst ...... W. R. Banks ...... "1436 Washington st .. Mondays ...... 53 Harrisburg (al...... "IJames F. Carr ...... 322 Strawberry av. J. E. Adams ...... 315 Marketst...... Thursdays ...... 54 Columbus, Ohio (a) .... D. C. Haggerty ..... 1100 Summit at.. .. C. Johnson ...... 113;'" N. Hig-h st .... Thursdays ...... 55 Des Moines, la. (al ..... Chas. Laflin ...... 40th & Woodland...... 7th and Locust st ... Thursdays ...... 56 Erie, Pa. (a) ...... ' J. F. St. Clair ...... 1618 State st ...... Ic. F. Yearich ...... 712 State st...... 1st & 4th Friday .. 57 Salt Lake (a) ...... IL. Lynn ...... "['BOX 402 ...... "I',M. T. Roberts ...... 11 West 1st st ...... Thursdays ...... 58 Niagara Falls (a) ...... C. P. Mingay ...... 1317 Linwood av .. J. M. Gus ...... Main st...... Tuesdays ...... 59 St. Louie (c) ...... ,1M. Walsh ...... "1'3874 Pa~e av ...... ,Thos. Costello ...... 10Z N. 11th st...... Mondays ...... 60 San Antonio, Tex. (a) .. ,W. C. J oliffe ...... 222 N. lor",s st. "1 E. W. Fuller...... 114 S. Alamo st ..... 1st & 3th Saturday 81 Los Ang-elee, Cal. (c) .. ,Chas. p. Lofthouse. 505 E. 25th at...... J. S Marsh ...... "1512 San Pedro st .... Thursdays ......

62 Youngstown, Ohio (aHW. J. r:'ewman ..... 1 918 North ave ..... H. H. Hilderbrand. 221 W. Federal st ... Zd & Hh Tuesp~y 63 Warren, Pa. (a)...... ' N. H. Spencer...... IBox 1094...... :302 Second st ...... 1st & 4th Wed d y 64 Youngstown, O. (c) ... :T. H: Blackburn ... '12001 Marketst ...... I,Geo. Dieter ...... "IFinns Hall.Pub.Sq.j2d& 4th Wed'day 65 Butte, Mont. (a) ...... W. Ii. Spencer ..... Box 846 ...... !R. Clayton ...... ,1. O. G. T. Hall .... ,Frlday 8:oop. m .. 1M Houston, Tex. (a) ..... :W. J. Peters ...... 2319 Chartres st ... B. M. Caywood ... ILabor Temple ..... Ilst & 3d Friday ... C5'1 Quincy, 111. (a) ...... 'Fred Moeller ...... 410 Oak st...... i ...... 525~ Main st ...... 2d & 4th Tnesday. 68 DenTer, Col. (c) ...... C. F. Oliver ...... Box 614 ...... 'C. A. Northway ... ,1504 Curtis st ...... : Mondays ... : ...... 69 Dallas, Tex. (a) ...... V. H. Torbert ...... 4(4 Swiss av ...... IE. D. CorpenlOg ... ILive O. Flats, Elm. ,Thursdays ...... , I lilstWed.126Ben- 70 Cripple Creek, Col.(a).E. P. Steen ...... ,Box 684 ...... '...... net st. 2d Wed.2101st & 2d Wed'day. I Victor avo Victor.. : , '11 Lancaster, Pa. (a) ...... Simeon H. Suter ... 321 E. Frederick stl David N. Waters ... 22 S. Queen It ..... 12d & last sundaY'1 ' '12 Waco, Tex. (a) ...... C:. F. Marrs ...... 1215 Baylor st ...... I ...... Labor Hall ...... 12d & 4th Friday.. . '13 Spokane, Wash. (a .... Ii. M. Allen ...... Box 6.~~ ...... T. P. Morro ...... Central Labor Hall.iWedn~srlays .... . 15 Gr. Rapids, Mich. (b) .. E. Panderson ...... 64 Wealthy. av .... 1...... 67 Canal st ...... 'Ilst & 3d Thursday .'16 Tacoma~Fash. (a) ..... C. A. young ...... UtO S. Yakima avo W. M. Evans ...... 721 Commerce st.... 2d & 4th Wed'day 77 Seattle, w a.h. (b) ...... W. B. Reecl ...... Labor Temple,r13i L. O. Anrlres ...... 6th and University. 1 Fridavs, 8:00 pm.' 79 Syracuse, N. Y. (b) .... Wm. H. Clission ... 245 Tennyson av .. T. Mereness ...... Meyers Hall ...... Tuesdays ...... : ... ' ,I ! THE ELECTRICAL WORKER .57

No 1 LOCATION. Fin. Sec·y. Address. Rec. Sec'y. Meeting PI. I Date Meeting.

1 1 80 ~orfolk. Va. (a) ...... T. J. Gates ...... i4 Jacob ~t ...... F. W. Sh;:trp ...... 206 Church st ...... Wednesdays ..... 81 Scranton, Pa. (a) ...... E. A. Howley .... "1743 MadIson av '" Wm. E. Eyans ...... 1340 Wyoming av ... 1st & 3d Monday .. 83 Milwaukee, WIS. (a) ... [ Wm. Brazell ...... 318 Stat.e st ...... A. L. McGauley ... 630 Chestnutst ...... Tuesdays ...... ~5 Sebenectady:, N. Y. (h)[E. L. Jandro ...... 309 CraIg st...... Cor. State & Center 3d Friday ...... 86 Rocheste!~ N. Y .(c) ..... Chas. Warder...... ,233 Tremont st .... A. J. Pearce ...... 86 State st ...... Mondays ...... 87 Newark, N. J.(b) ...... W. Morris...... :30 Mooroe, Or'nge ...... 236 Washingron st .. Fridays ...... 88Isavannah,Ga.(a) ...... E. H. TOdd ...... ·IBox316 ...... J.P. Kelley ...... Brought'n·Whitak'r1st&3d Wed'day. 89 GeorlZ'etown,S. C.(a) ... R. A: Gandy ...... Box 237 ...... IR.S. Bowser ...... Fire hall, Frazerst .. ~st & 3d Sa.t?rday. !lO New Haven. Conn. (a). Leshe Marlow ..... i31 Market st...... tWIIbur C. S. SmIth. Insurance bldg ...... d & Hh FrIday .. 91 Easton, Pa. (a) ...... Henry L. Jones .... ,Phillipsburg, N.J 'IF. A. Martin ...... Journal bl.,Cburch. 1st & :id Tuesday 92IHornell,N. Y.(a) ...... H. F. Kelley ...... 113~ Genesee st. "IChas. L. Harriso .... Arcade bldg ...... 2d & 4th Saturday: 93 East Liverpool. O. (a) .. J. L. Smith ...... iRear 293 5th st ..... C. L. Lentz...... Fouler's hall ...... 1st & 3d Friday .. . 94 Kewanee, Ill.(m) ...... L. B. Hankings ... '1317 S. Elm st.. ... IL. B. Han kIngs ...... 95 Joplin. Mo.(a) ...... W. J. Nelson ...... 412 Joplin st ...... ,W. E. Barron ...... Walker's hall ...... Thursdays ...... 9!I'lworcester, Mass.(a) .... S. A. Strout...... 419 Main st ...... "IGeo. H. Miller ..... 419 Mail1 st ...... Mondays ...... 97 Mt. Vernon.O.(a) ...... F. D. Morrison ..... Woster ave ...... C. R. Appelton ..... Quindora. Main st. 1st & 3d Saturday. 98 Philadelphia. Pa.(c) .... Cbas. A. Fine..... 228 N 56th st...... W. J. Day ...... Broad & Cherry ste. Tuesdays ...... 99 Providence, R. L(c) .... J. H. Dugan ...... 75 Carpenter st ... R. A. Ripley ...... 152 Weybossert st .. Mondays ...... 100 Jacksonville, Fla. (a) ... E. J. McDonnell. .. 623 W. Adame st .. W. D. Kirkland .... Hatchell's haU. Bay Wednesdays ...... 101 Cincinnati, O. (a) ...... R. McDaniels ...... Wo;. Monahan ..... 1313 Vine st...... Wednesdays ...... 102 Paterson. N. J. (c) ...... W. H. Cross ...... P~ssaic, N. J ..... ~. Sigler ...... 66 VanH

58 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

No I LOCATION. Fin. Sec'y. Address. Rec. Sec·y. Meeting PI. I Date Meeting.

181 Oshkosh. Wis.(a) ...... P. S. Blxb; ...... 1140 Pearl st ...... j Main & Church sts. Mondays ...... 189 Qui~cy.Mass.(c) ...... Charies E. ?untley 160 Elm.st ...... James B. oakes .... WIl8on hall ...... 2d & (th Tuesday. 190 Ne .. ark.N. J.(h) ...... Wm. BergUlst .... 181 Hamson st.. .. Wm. Farley ...... 801 Plain st ...... 2d &(th Monday. 191 Everett. Wash.(a) ..... Robt. J. Olinger ... 2917 Grand ...... Roland B. Lane .... 2820 Lombard st .... Thursdays ...... 192 Memphis. Tenn.(b) .... W. M. Hay ...... (976th st...... ILabor Temple ...... Tuesdays ...... 193 Springfield.lll.(b) ...... Sylve8ter Dillard ... 1141 N .. Walnut st. J,as. D.albey ...... 226 S. 5~h st ...... Wednesdays.; .. .. 195 Danbury/Conn.(a) ..... t,eo. S. Hoyt ...... 809 MaID st ...... Geo. S. Hoyt ...... 809 MaID 8t ...... 2d & (th Wed day 196 Rockfora.Ill.(al ...... L. C. Williamson .. 218 N. Court st ...... ~ W. State st .... 1st & 3d Friday .. . 197 Bloomington. I 1. (a) ... W. S. Briscoe ...... Lock box 286 ...... 205 f'I. Center st..... Thursdays ...... 196 Dubuque. Ia. (a) ...... J. N. Krahl...... Facade bldg ...... Frank Chalden ..... 7th & Main sts ...... Thursda)'s ...... 200 Anaconda. Mont.(a) .... John H. Davies .... Box 4$3 ...... W. Baker ...... Commercial& Main 1st & 3d Tuesday. 201 APplet~'.'J Wis.(a) ...... Jno. Tenpas ...... 1026 6th st ...... Wm. F. Kerns ..... Appelt'n& EdwHrds 1st & 3d Tuesday. 202 Seattle. wash.(d) ...... Edw. L. Cooper .... 1710 E. Spruce 8t...... Uccidental & Yesler 2d Tuesday ...... 2()( Springtield. O. (a) ...... Joseph Perry ...... 225 KColumbiast. Walter W. Ross .... Mainst.60Walnutal. Mondays ...... 205 Jackson. Mich. (a) ...... K Wideman ...... 3015 S. Park ave .... Wm. Sullivan ...... Main & Jack80n sta. Tuesdays ...... 206 Hastings. Nt'b.(a) ...... LewiS Bigl!'erstaff .. 707 S. St. Joe ave. J. A. Bradford ...... U. A. R. hall. W.2d. 1st & 3d Thursday 207 Stockton.calif.(a~ ...... H. (jooby ...... 220 N. r::l1grimst .. C. W. Brock ...... Masonic hall ...... Thursdays: ...... 209 LOl{an.s(>o';'t. Ind. a) .... Nate C08tenborder. 820 Racle st ...... J. H. Parlette ..... "1'lJ~ 4th st ..., ...... 1st & 3d FrIday ... 2tO AtlantIc CIty. N. . (b). L. E. Byers.·...... Rear16 S. OhIO av Harry Armstrong .. Odd Fellowd hall.. Wednesdays...... 212 Cincinnati. O. (e) ...... J. A. Cullen ...... 29 E.12th st ...... Carl Voelmeicke ... 1313 Vine st ...... Wednesdays ...... 213 Vancouver.B. C.(a) .... T. Hammersmark .. 641 Jacks()n ave ... Geo. Jenkins ...... 214 Olean. N. ) .(a) ...... H. C. Finch ...... 492 Higgins av .... N. C. Hall ...... 216 ywensboro.Ky. (a) .... F. H. Piercp ...... 612 Triple~t st ..... E. L. Mitchell ...... ILehman·s hall. W.2. Tuesdays ...... 217 :>eatlle. Wash.(c) ...... E. L. Schock ...... 206 Summit ave ... J. F. McPage ...... 6th av.& Senneca st. Tuesday ...... 21~ Sharon. Pa. (a) ...... H. W. Price ...... Box 147 ...... Chas. Ault ...... Grim hall. State st .. Alternate Friday. 220 So. McAlest",r. 1. T.(a). L. A. Burress ...... Krebs. 1. T ...... L. Barker ...... Shriner h'JllI...... 1st & .~d Monday. 221 Aeaumont,Tex.(b) ..... Robt. Ramey ...... Box 524 ...... , ...... T.& L. Assem.ball. 1st & 3d Friday ... 22.~ Brockton. Mass.(a) ..... P. E. Benton ...... Box 990 ...... W. S. Holbrook ...... 224 New Bedford. Mass. (a) Wm. G. A'Bhley .... 190 ( ampbell pI...... Weaver hall ...... 1st & 3d Friday ... 225 Topeka. Kan.(a/ ...... C. H. Adams ...... 1009 Topeka av ... Joe Strawn ...... 618 Kansas av ...... Wednesdays ...... 227 Birmingham.A a.(b) .. G. W. Brown ...... 316 N. 18th st ...... J. B. Lewis ...... 212711 N. 20th st ...... Wednesdays ...... 230 Victoria. B. C ...... Chas. F. S. Chitty .. 149 l'ook st...... F. Shapland ...... 231 Grand Rapids.Mich.(c) (). S. Livergood .... U5 Cummings avo Geo. Roberts ...... Labor Council Hall 2d & 4th Monday. 23~ Colo. Springs.Colo.(b) D. A. Gmette ...... Box 654...... 22S. Trejon st ...... 2d & (th Thursday 234 Rochester. N. Y ...... J. B. Coyle ...... 59 Ontario st...... 236 ::;treator.lll.(a) ...... George Duffner .... 514 W. Bridge st .. Ed. Hill ...... 221 Main st ...... Wednesdays...... 237 Lorain. O.(a) ...... Guy Marple ...... 620 Broadway ..... C. A. BemiS ...... S. E. cor. Erie av ... 1st & 3d Thursday 23~ Ashville. N. C ...... E. H. Clevinger .... 74 Central av ...... A. G. Miller .... : ... 41 Patton av ...... ' Saturdays ...... 239 Williamsport. Pa.(aj ... H. E. Ritter ...... 1121 Vine st ...... H. E. Ritter...... Court aud Willow .. Wednesdays ...... 241 Dayton. Ohio ...... Wm. J. Amann .... 18 Victorst ...... 24~ Vincennes. Ind.(a). .... I. L. Johnson ...... 21~ N. 7th st...... T. J. Fish ...... Manhattan Hall. ... Wednesday! ...... 2U E.Mauch Chunk.Pa.(a) W. W. Brown ...... Box 293 ...... Geo. W. Mummey. Hess Hall ...... 3d Sunday ...... 245 Toledo.O.(b) ...... Harry L. Hunt ..... 1506 Locast st ..... Chas. KRobbins ... Swiss Hall ...... Mondays ...... 2(6 .,teubenville. (J.(a) ..... E. D. Richards ... , .. Box 555 ...... Robt. Maxwell ..... Carpenter's Hall ... 1st & 3d Thursday 2(7 Schf'nectady. N.Y.(h) .. Wm. J. Altheiser... 882 Strong st ...... G. E. Beller...... State and Center sts 1st & 3d Thursday 248 Chillicothe. 0 ...... H. M. Rtter ...... Box 292 ...... Chas. McGee ...... tOl7il N. Paint st .... Sundays ...... 25 ";an Jose.Cal.\:) ...... R. K Warren ...... 903 Delmas av ...... 151 S.18t st ...... Tuesdays ...... 251 Pine Bluff.Ar (a) ..... J. W. Johnson ..... Box 248 ...... E. E. Walker ...... 208~ W. 2d st ...... 1st & 3d Wed .... . 25~ Cedar Rapids. Ia.(a) .... Tony Weidlich ..... 322 13th av.• W .... Fred Thomas ...... 1st avo & 2d st .. E .... 2d & 4th Friday .. . 254 Schenectady. N. Y ...... C. Babcock ...... 330 Hulett st ...... 256 Charleston. W. Va.(b) .. Walter Lewis ...... Gen Delivery .... C. P. Shiveley ...... 107~ Capital st ..... 2d & 4th Wed ... .. 257 Jackson. Miss.(a) ...... Rufus Keene ...... 226 W. Capital st ...... :...... 258 Providence. R. I.(b) .... D. J. Spellman ..... 27 S. Court st ...... W. J. Gould ...... 152 Weybosset st ... Fridays ...... 259 Salem. Mass.(a) ...... F. A.Coker ...... 37 March st...... M. L. Lewis ...... Odd Fellows Hall.. Tuesdays ...... 261 "ar~toEa. N. Y.(b) ..... C. A. Haker ...... 455 ~roadway ..... W. H. Lavinge ..... K ..of P. Hall ...... Wednesdays ...... 262 Plamfield.N. J.(a).... H. E. Cantleld ..... 604 E. 6th st ...... W. J. Walp ...... BUlldmg Trades H. Ist&3d Monday .. 264 Pitlsfield. Mass. (a) .... C. C. Rowley ...... 240 Tyler st ...... Jas. Courtney. Jr... North st. Bart's Ha1l2d & 4th Friday .. . 265 Lincoln. Neb. (a) ...... W. L. Mayer ...... 612 E. 11th st ...... O. M. R lIdy ...... 128 South 10th st ...... 266 Sedalia. Mo ...... J. C. Bulloch ...... 612 E.llth st ...... Thnrsdays ...... 267 Schenectady. N.Y.(e) .. John W. Cain ...... R. F. D. No.1 .... Homer De Groat. .. State & Center eta .. 1st & 3d Satnrday. 268 :-

No I LOCATION. Fin. Sec'y. Address. Rec. Sec'y. Meeting Place. I Date Meeting.

311 Beloit, Wis ...... Ed. Conant ...... I:tWis. Tel. Co .... .1...... 313 Wilmington, Del. (a) ... H. M. Smith ...... :1112 West st ...... C. WQodsides ...... 604 Market st...... Thurbday ......

3U Bellingham, Wash ..... C. P. Hoskins ...... 1 Box 166 ...... N. W. Bellingham. Elk & Magnolia sts. Mondays ...... 315 Baton Rouge, La ...... E. H. Haas...... 3073d st ...... J. E. Danna...... 316 Ogden, Utah (a) ...... George W. Snively. Box 44 ...... Charles Allen ...... 362 24th st ...... Wednesdays ...... 317 Portland, Oregon (c) ... J. D. M. Crockwell Box 644 ...... E. A. Ruhl ...... 2nd & Morrison sts. Friday ...... 318 Knoxville, Tenn. (a) .. Ed. S. Nelson ...... Box 518 ...... J. E. Shoemaker.... Gay & Commerce .. 1st & 3d Saturday. 119 Pittsburg (i) ...... \Jno. J. Siomern .... 225 Lathrop, ...... R. L. Callahan ...... 555 Smithfield st .... ThurHdays ...... 320 Paris,Texas ...... R. ROb.erts ...... Paris, Tex ...... 321 La Salle (a) ...... Charles W. Ash .... 213 Gooding st .... Tomy Habel ...... Main st...... 1st & 3d Saturday. 324 Brazil (a) ...... Harry Reed ...... 12 W. Maple st .... R. E. Bolim ...... 107 W. Main st ...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 325 Binghamton (c) ...... W. J. Bidwell ...... 102 Lewis st...... H. V. Davis ...... 153 Washington .... 2d & 4tt. Monday. 326 Connellsville (a) ...... P. T. McDonald .... 240 E. Main st ..... Frank Sweeney .... Main & Arch sts .... 2d &4th Thursday 328 Osweg-o, N. Y. (a) ...... Frank W.Gallagher 79 E. 8th st ...... Henry Lafrance .... West 1st st ...... 1st & 3d Friday ... 330 Kansas City, Mo.(f) .... Geo. Davidson ..... 7328 E. 13th st ..... C. T. Lewis ...... 1112 Locnst st ...... Wednesdays ...... 3031 Long Branch. N. J.(a). A. A. Keller ...... Asbury Park, N.J. Wm. J. Roop ...... Daily's Hose Hall.. 1st & 3d Mondav .. 3U Mo!>ile"Ala.(c) ...... J. W. Sc~nyers ..... U9 Marine st ...... H. O. Brewer ...... Cen. T. C9nncil H'llst & 3d Thursday 335 Spnngneld. Mo.(a) ..... C. G. Cnswell ...... 810 State st ...... R. M. Sutton ...... 321 BoonVIlle st ..... Saturdays ...... 338 Dennison. Tex.(c) ...... W. H. Halderman .. 1015 W. Nelson st. J. W. Acree ...... 111% S. Rusk av .... Thursdays ...... 339 Ft. William, Ont.(a) .... J. B. Hunter ...... 423 Archibald st... W. C. Johnston ...... 340 Sacramento. Cal. (c) .... Wm. A. Strand ..... U15 21st st ...... J. F. Hurney ...... 9th & I sts ...... 1st & 3d Monday .. au Wausau, Wis.(al ...... W. H. Smale ...... 810 3d st ...... John Ogle ...... Grand avo & Forest. 2d & 4th Tuesday. 342 New Brighton, Pa.(a) .. J. L. Allwine ...... Rochester, Pa .... Geo. W. Kirkade ... 3d avo & 9th st ...... 1st & 3d Thursday 343 Norwich,Conn.(a) ...... Benj. F. Skinner ... 97 School st ...... J. L. Smith ...... Carpenters' Hall .... 2d & 4th Wed ... .. 3" Sydney, C. B., N. S.(a) H. Prendergast ..... Whitney Pier..... W. R. Duncan ...... O. A. H. Hall ...... Tnesdays ...... 345 Mobile. Ala ...... W. E. Prewitt ...... 310 Charleston st. L. C. L)'tz ...... 54 N. Royal st ...... Mondays ...... 346 Ft. Smith,Ark ...... Wm. Damlen ...... Pan. Tel. Co ...... A. H. Williams ..... Labor Hall ...... Tuesdays ...... 347 Perno Ind.(b) ...... C. E. Richwine .... Lock box 33 ...... O. G. Reuter ...... Teamsters' Hal!. ... Mondays ...... 348 Calgary. Alta.,Can.(a) .. Gordon Phillips .... Victoria Hote!. ... Chas. Burkhart ..... Barber Bank ...... Mondays .... . 349 Miami,Fla.(a) ...... S. Powell ...... Box 43 ...... Electrical Hall ...... 1st & 3d Mondiiy: 350 Hannibal,Mo.(a) ...... Harry Book ...... 211 N. 4th st ...... Milton Jackson ..... 111 S. Miami st ...... 2d & 4th Mondav. 351 Meriden,Conn.(a) ..... R. P. Dittman ...... 72% E. Mainst .... P. Morganson ...... Connecticut Hall... 1st & 3d Wed ... : .. 352 Lansing, Mich.(a) ...... A. H. Collester ..... 720 Cedar st ...... Labor Hall ...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 353 Toronto,Can.(b) ...... David Niven ...... 77 Shuter st ...... Thos. Kidney ...... OCCident Hall ...... 1st & 3d Monday. 354 Salt Lake, Utah ...... J. J. O'Leary ...... 260 4th st ...... R. J. Franks ...... 11 W. 1st Sonth st ... Mondays ...... 356 Kansas, Mo.(b) ...... C. F. Drollinger .... 3031 Cherry st ..... J. N. GorrelL ...... 1112 Locnst st...... Tuesdays ...... 358 Perth Amboy, N. J ..... Jno. Stoier ...... 65 Watson av ..... 1. A. Knudson ..... 138 Smith st ...... 1st M0n. month .. 359 Iron Mount., Mich.(a) .. Conrad Carlson ..... 1120 River av ...... Geo. Fletcher ...... 421 Stephehson av .. 1st Thursday ...... 360 Sioux Falls,S.D.(a) .... R. N. Rounds ...... 1401 S. Philips av. L. H. Snyder ...... Labor Hall ...... 1st & 3d Tuesday. 361 Tonapah. Nev.(a) ...... T. A. Brown ...... Box 838 ...... Clarence Carr...... Miners' Hall ...... 2d & 4th Friday ... 363 Montgomery, Ala.(a) .. J. T. James ...... 316 Bibbs st ...... W. N. Miller ...... 201% S. Perry st..... Thursdays ...... 36~ Gnthrie, Okla.(a) ...... C. E. Stewart ...... Box 74 ...... C. E. Stewart ...... 115 S. 2d st ...... Tuesday ...... 365 Fulton, Mo. (b) ...... Harry Tripp ...... 818 Center st ...... HaITY Tripp ...... ; ...... 2d & 4thSatnrday. 366 Allentown,Pa. (a) ...... Chas. Hoffman ..... 1112 Conrt st...... WillIam Cook ...... 714 Hamilton st ..... 3d Sunday ...... 367 Granite City, 111. (a) .... C. L. Robinson ..... 1627 Est ...... W. L. Harleson ...... 368 N e~ Y!lrk, N. Y. (f) .... J. S. Wellington .... 306 y.t. 114th st .... H. J. Uuinn ...... 12th st. & Market pI. 2d.& 4th v.' ed'day 369 LOlllsvllle,Ky.(c) ...... C. E. Sewell ...... 939 .)th st ...... F. F. Staffney ...... Jefferson st. bt.1&2. FrIdays ...... 370 LosAngeles,Calif.(c) .. M. C. Madison ..... 401 N. Bruch st .... T. T. Sturgeon ..... 517 S. Broadway st .. Fridays ...... 371 Washington, Ind.(a) ... Samuel L. Day ..... 102 Dewey st ...... Masonic hall ...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 372 Boone, la.(a) ...... H. L. Tillson ...... 621 Tama st ...... H. L. Tillson ...... Commercial& Main 1st & 3d Wed'day. 376 Chicago,Ill.(a) ...... Jno. F. Nichols .... 212 S. Halstead st. Wm. Hall ...... 212 S. Halsted st..... 1st & 3d Tuesday. 377 Lynn, Mass.(a) ...... J. T. Doran ...... 39 Whittier st ..... F. Connell ...... 62 Monroe st ...... Monday ...... 381 Chicago. Ill. (i) ...... Chas. M. Hall ...... 183 Indiana st ..... Geo. D. Griffiths ... 12 S. Clark st...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 382 Columbia,S. C.(a) ...... H. R. McKain ...... 2011 Gadsden st ... W. F. Romanstine. Richlan Volunt'y hi Wednesdays ...... 385 Lawrence, Mass.(a) .... C. F. Kavanah ...... 157 Willow st ..... Wilford Barlow .... 246 Essex st ...... 1st & 3d Fnday ... 387 Freeport, Ill. (a) ...... Chas. D. Kunz ..... 62 Prospect st ...... Blust's h'l, Galena st 1st & 3d Thursday 388 Palestine, Tex ...... J. T. Brown ...... 15 Queen st ...... S. A. Taylor ...... Tel. office, Main st. 1st Monday ...... 389 Glen Falls, N. Y.(a) ... R. R. Hickey ...... Box 340 ...... Allen Claflin ...... 23 Ridge st...... 1st & 3d Tuesday. 390 Burlington, Vt ...... A. O. Brooks ...... C. G. Sanders ...... 392 Troy, N. Y.(a) ...... W. P. Hayden ...... 510 4th st ...... F. Futscher ...... 1st ~ Congress st ... 1st & 3d Thursday 394 Auburn, N. y.(b) ...... Joseph Bergan ..... 16 Case av ...... Joseph Bergen ..... Mantel hall ...... 2d & 4th Wed'day 396 Boston. Mass ...... H. E. Hewes ...... 25 Orchard st...... Edward Rigney ...... 398 St. Cloud,Minn. (a) .... Harry Hamlin ...... 314 S. 6th av ...... AngusB.McKenzie 609 St. Germain st .. 1st & 3d Monday .. 399 Portland, Me ...... A. G. Moody ...... 5 Heath st ...... W. J. IngersolL .... Farington bldg ...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 400 Barr~ Vt. (a) "" ...... Chas. Page ...... 6 Park st ...... Geo. H. Collamer .. I. O. O. F. hall...... 2d & 4th Tuesday. 404 San l' rancisco, Cal ..... H. Zecher ...... Berkley, Calif .... E. H. Paul ...... Sherman hall ...... 1st & 3d Monday. 406 Ardmore, I. T. (a) ...... T. F. Jordan ...... Chickasaw T. Co. Ben West ...... Union hall ...... 2d & 4th Friday .. 407 Marquette, Mich. (a) ... Oscar H. Siewert ... 339 Alger st ...... Oscar H. Siewert ... Siegels Hall, 3d st ... 1st & 3d Wed'day. 409lthaca,N. Y. (a) ...... Eo B. Quackenbush 411 E. State st ..... F. E. Robbins ...... C.L.hall .. E. State. 1st &3d Friday ... 411 Warren, O. (a) ...... P. T. Aumund ...... Warren st ...... D. B. Watson ...... Forresters' hall ..... 1st & 3d Tuesday. 415 Cheyenne, W'ro, (a) ... H. S. Whalen ...... Box 513 ...... Union hall. Fergnsn 1st & 3d Monday. 418 Pasadena, Ca. (a) ..... John White ...... H W. Walnut st .. P. G. White ...... Fair Oaks & Green. Mtondays ...... 419 New York. N. Y. (i) .... J. W. Carr ...... Union Hill, N. J .. J. W. Smith ...... 393 2d ave ...... , .. 2d & 4th Saturday 420 Keokuk. la. (a) ... " .... J. E. Mott ...... 1101 High at ...... D. Hendrecks ...... 10th & Main sts ..... 2d & 4th Saturday 421 Watertown,N .Y. (b) .. H. J. Dobbs ...... 2 Vale st ...... Fred Boyce ...... Bingham blk.,Court 1st & 3d Thnrsday 422 Hackensack, N .J. (a) .. Garrett S. Burr ..... 21 Moore st ...... Thos. Burns ...... Susquehanna hall .. 1st & 3d Thursday 426 Portsmouth, N.H. (a) .. A. B. Damon ...... Kittery. Me ...... F. C. Hatch ...... 127 Congress st ..... 2d & 4th Friday .. 427 Sprinl!"field, Ill ...... T. H. Spears ...... L. box 100 ...... Wm. Heffernan .... 226 S. 5th st...... 1st & 3d Monday. 1,28 Bakersfield, Cal. (a). ... C. T. Collins ...... 1520 19th st ...... C. T. Collins ...... " L. C. hall. 1829 II st. Fridays ...... 430 Racine, Wis. (a) ...... Geo. H. McCarthy. 1044 Villast ...... Otto Rush ...... Main & 4th sts ...... 2d & 4th Wed' day 434 Douglas, Ariz. (a) ...... P. T. Bunting ...... Box 437 ...... 435 WinDiPe~Man. (b) "'IT. Woodman ...... 364 Redwood av .. 1. L. McBride ...... ?rades hall, James.,2d & 4th Monday. 438 Oneonta. .Y. (a) ...... C. L. House ...... 371 Main st ...... " ...... 143 Main st ...... ~2d & 4th Wed'day 437 Fall River. Mass ...... Wm. Mitchell ...... 25 Forest st ...... John E. Sullivan ... Celtic hall ...... !Ist & M Monday. 438 Salisb1'lry. N.C. (a) ..... G. N. Cooper ...... H7 N. Main st .... C. R. Harrison ..... Bartenders' hall .... Tuesday ...... 439 Alliance, O ...... H. J. Erhardt...... 459 Main st ...... ; ...... 440 Grand Rapids, Wis. (a) D. G. Smart ... " .... Grand Rapids .... J. Ed Bassett ...... 442 Schenectady. N.Y. (h). A. F. Rogers ...... 1017 McClyman st David N. Philo ..... State & Center sts .. 2d & 4th Monday. 4« Carlinville, Ill. (a) ...... Charles P. GaUeher Box 386 ...... C. Cox ...... Square & S. Broad .. 1st & 3d Monday. 445 8attle Creek, Mich. (b) Don Cole ...... 62 Highway ...... H. F. Spier ...... Main & Jefferson .. Sundays ...... «7 Rutland, Vt. (a) ...... C. O. Bashaw ...... N. Church st...... H. R. Grower ...... Wales & Center sts. 2d & last F~iday .. 60 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

LOCATION. Fin. Sec'y. Address. Rec. Sec'y. Meeting PI. Date Meeting.

«8 Annapolisi Md. (a) ..... A. E. While ...... Johnson's Pl...... Market Space ...... 2d & UhThureday ((9 Pocatello, daho (a) .... A. J. Bruce ...... Box 196 ...... Theo, LeBaron ..... S. Cleveland ave ... 1st & 3d Wed'day. (50 Goldfield, Nev. (a) ..... F. T. Brooks ...... Box 860 ...... A. S. Bell ...... ~51 Santa Barbara, Cal. (a) .. Chas. M. Cooper ... Hox (I~ ...... Jack Cleveland ..... 903 State st ...... Fridays ...... 452 Pensacola, Fla...... F. S. Christ ...... Box 814 ...... J. L. Miller ...... 31~ S. Palafox st.. Thursday ...... 456 OklahomaClty,O.T.(c) A. C. Hein ...... 231 W. 7th st ..... W. B. Winscoatte .. Labor Hall ...... Wednesdays ...... 457 Altoona, Penn. (a) ...... F. C. Williams ..... 1073d st ...... Chas. T. Woodburn 1500 Elerent ave ...... (58 Aberdeen, Wash. (a) ... H. Benneche ...... 118 W. 1st st ...... P. A. Snider...... Heron st ...... Fridays ...... 459 Cortland, N. Y.(a) ..... Fay Woodworth ... R. F. D. No.7 .... J. W.Mounsey ..... 22~Mainst ...... 2d&(th Monday. (63 Montreal (b) ...... H. G. Rolfe ...... 153d ave ...... ~ .. J. Tusigman ...... 2st Catherine St. W. 2d & 4th Tuesday. ~ Cleveland, Ohio (h) .... Tom Wheeler...... 5408 Euclid av ..... Ben Wolf ...... 344 Ontario st ...... Thursday" ...... (65 San Diego, Cal...... H. Eckenrode ...... 606 Julian av ...... Percy Fisher ...... Lqbor Temple ..... Thursdays ...... 466 Belvidere, III. (al ...... W. J. Pratt ...... 1208 Garfipld ave .. Walter Stage ...... H2 Logan ave ...... 1st & 3d Monday. 467 Chattanooj;[a. Tenn ..... Jno. R. Turnley ... Box H ...... 468 Cleveland, Ohio (h) .... J. E. Gahan ...... 2807 Carroll ave ... Louis G. Frick ..... 422 Superior st...... 2d & 4th Friday .. . 469 Y<;>rk, Pa. (a) ...... C. M. Fisher ...... 4~2 Park st...... D. G. M. Wallick ... 42 N. Geor~e st ..... Tuesdays ...... (71 MIIllnocket, Me. (a) .... Weston Lyon ...... GreatNotthern H, Weston L"on ...... McCaffrey s Hall ... last Sun. each mo. (73 Port Richmond, Cal.. .. W. E. Roth ...... Hox 188 ...... W. E. Roth ...... Washington ave .... Mondays ...... 474 Memphis, Tenn (c) ..... Chas. L. Hamilton. 323 Hernando st .. R. L. Taylor ...... 2nd st ...... Monday ...... (75 Silverton, Col...... Mets Rodgers ...... Hox 277 ...... Harry W. Walker .. Greene st ...... Saturday ...... 476 Schenectady, N. Y ...... Robert M. Smilh ... 809 State st...... W. A. Wusgawer ...... (77 San Bernardino, Cal.. .. Eugene Gardner .. Box 134, ...... Ralph Laird ...... Labor Hall ...... Thursday ...... (79 Denver. Colo (Gl ...... Geo. L. Mauck ..... Box 127 ...... H. G. Camplin ..... 1504 Quitman st ..... Tuesdays ...... (80 Charleston. W. Va ..... David Garrett Jr ... Gen. Delivery .... C. R. Herman ...... 481 Indianapolis, Inc\...... T. B. Wright...... Rm 4 Talbot blk .. C. K. Campbell .... 36~ Elva st ...... Wednesdays ...... 483 Tacoma, Wash ...... W. L. Bradshaw .... (612 S Yakima Ave W. R. Harris ...... Parker's Hall ...... Tuesdays ...... 484 Waterbury, Conn ...... Thomas O'Reilly .. 391 E. Main St .... J. H. Hartnett ...... Carpenter's Hall. ... 2nd and 4th Weds. 485 Worcester. Mass ...... C. H. Beers ...... 296 Pleasant St .... Ed. Sargent...... 486 Paterson, N. J ...... Geo. B. Fox ...... 57 E. Main 5t ..... J. M. Arnold ...... Helvetia Hall...... Is and 3d Fridays. 489 Los Angeles, Cal. (I) .. Wm. Glass ...... 1314E. 28th st ..... J. J. Jarl ...... Union Labor Temp ...... 491 Wilkes Barre. Pa ...... Fred W. Johnson .. ~estmore. Pa ... Fred 'Y. Johnson .. Building Trades H. 1st Thursday ...... 492 Champaign, Ill ...... Harry M. Clark ..... 40. Cherry st...... 494 Milwaukee, Wis ...... Hans H. Tholen .... ;;08 Milwaukee St Edwin Brunner...... 496 Oil City,Pa ...... W. C. Loomis ...... ,L. box 286 ...... 497 Pt. Richmond, S. LN.Y P. J. Bailey ...... "1158 Heberton Ave W. Watson ...... 498 Fort Scott, Kas. (a) .... Fred Myers ...... 1101 Walker st ...... ~ .. ~:.: 501lYunkerS, N. Y ...... Ja~es E. Murray ... Box 236 ...... Wm. McCready .... Building Trades Bd Thursdays ...... 504 Cape Girardeau, Mo. "IE. E. Pendray ...... Cape. G:irardeau, ...... Haas Hall ...... 1st Monday ...... 505 White Plains, N.Y{A) Jas. Joy"f' ...... 22Wtlllam.St ...... 1 ...... 506 Chicago H'ights,I1l(A) V. F. Foster ...... ~~ Euclid Ave ...... 507 Sunbury, Pa. (A) ...... Ed. WetzeL...... 9 Church St ...... 508 Newark, N. Y (A) ..... (jeorge Fetzer ...... ~ West Ave...... : .~.::: 509 Washington, Fa. (A) .. ~. McMullen...... OT 119 ...... ~. D. Cameron ...... 511 Jackson, Tenn ...... B. 'Y. Carr ...... Home Tel. Co .... 'I had Hart ...... Trade Council Hall 1st & 2d Thursday 512. Salem, Ore ...... Walter L. Goss ..... Box 335 ...... : ...... 513 Butler, Pa.(a) ...... H. O. McKelvey .... 157 N. Main st...... 514 Kansas City,Mo.(c .... C. F. Drollinger .... 3031 Cherry st ...... 515 Baltimore, Md ...... O. E. Stone ...... 739 W. Franklin .. C. Bunham ...... 101 N. Paca st ...... Fridays ...... 516 Syracuse, N. Y ...... J. McWilliams ..... 120 Webster av .... R. Eighny ...... :::~: ::::: 517 Astoria,Ore.(a) ...... Wm. G. Cyrus ...... 428 Bondst ...... 518 Rumford Falls, Me ..... Wm, M. Child ...... Ridglonville, Me ...... 519 Paris, IlL ...... B. L. Yarger ...... ~13 Vance av ...... E. A. Kurtz ...... Eagle Hall...... 2d & 4th Thursday 520 Austin, Texas ...... A. E. Hancock...... 03 W. 7th st ...... 521 Bridgeport,Conn ...... E. E. Graham ...... rOX614 ...... T. F. Flynn...... 1186 Main st .... : .... Tuesdays.:::::::: 522 Brooklyn, N. Y ...... John Senger...... 03 Hamburg av .. John Warburton ...... 523 North Yakima, Wash ... A.L. Haskins ...... 706 N. 1st ...... J.G.Flanary ...... 524 Greenwood,B. C.(a) ... Chas. E. Summers .. , ...... : ...... 525 Burlington, Ia ...... C. F. Glas.er ...... 1227 Barrett st ...... Geo. A. Neal...... Main & Jefferson st 1st & 3d Frida';::: 526 Santa Cruz,Cal.(a) ..... H. E. WhIdden ..... 146 Cedar 8t...... H. E. Whidden ...... 527 Galveston, Tex ...... John Rolton ...... , ...... : ...... Geo. A. Munroe ... 307 23d st...... 2d & 4th Friday .. . 528 M!lwaukee,W!s ...... B.J. Ke~y ...... ~l8 Brankhn pI.. ... ~ ...... 530 MIlwaukee, Wls.(f) ..... Thos. ~. an ...... 239 !6th st ...... G. W. Dorcey ...... 531 Schenectady, N. Y ...... T. H. hverlelgh.... Grove pi ...... Ernest Rogers ...... 532 Billings, Mont ...... E. G. Adams ...... Box 923 ...... Labor Hall ...... 1st & 3d Saturday. 533 Enid, Okla ...... J. R. Lewis ...... 2~5 Yf: Broadway. \Y. D. Spencer ..... 1023 Main &t...... Tuesdays ...... 534 New York City (c) ..... w. A. Ho~an ...... 3. UDlon Square .. Ernest Kummel...... 535 Herrin,I1L(a) ...... Chas. ChrIstoph ...... H. O. Durham ...... 536 Schnectady, N. Y.(e) ... C. A. Sherman ...... 240 Park pl...... 537 San Francisco, Calif.(fl .. S.. J. Stowe ...... :575 22dst.,Oakland ." ...... Fridays ...... 538 Danvllle,Ill.(cl ...... Geo. Howard ..... "1312 Grant st ...... Geo. W. Howard ...... 539 Sc)1enectady, N. Y ...... Wm. H. Preston ... ~3 Pleasant ave .. P. J. Campbell ..... 8th & Center st; ..... 3d & 4th Saturday. 541 M IDneapohs, MIDn.(I). Thos. Ryan ...... "1:LI2 S. AldrIch avo E. H. Lundeen ..... 36 S. 6th st...... 2d & 4th Wed'day 542iChico,Calif ...... W.J. Cbase ...... j61034 st ...... F.F.Kirkpatrick ...... 5431~ew London, Conn ... W. L. Bro~'n ...... ,31 BIIDman st ..... ~re? MartID ...... Jay & HuntIDgton. 1st Monday ...... 544 Edmonton,Alberta,Can Jules CantIn ...... "IBOX 776 ...... B. Scarlett ...... 545IMonterey,C~lif. (a) .. J. A. S.ea~le ...... Box 66 ...... J. R. Pedro ...... 5461New Yo~k,N. Y ...... L. M. S.mlth ...... ,142 E. 14th st ...... Jno. Darrman ...... 142 E.14th st...... 548 Webb CIty, Mo ...... M. H. Short...... '123 S. Webb st...... 549;Ely,.Nev ...... H. M. Middleton ... I...... · ...... 55O,Lewlstown, Mont ...... Anton K. Dahl. .... ·Box 553 ...... 551,Anaconda, Mont ...... W. Baker ...... ,Box 483 ...... 5521Las V.egas, N. M. (a) ... C. A. Ma!ley ...... 702 Douglasav ...... 553,DetrOlt, Mich. (f) ...... D. FournIer...... "143 Park av ...... J. PrOlpmesheryer. 140 ht st...... Fridays ...... 554jFort Dodge, Ia ...... N. M. Knudsou .... i ...... E. A. Samuelson ......

,I j I,d I (

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 61

CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY OF LOCAL UNIONS.

Alabama Indiana Louisiana Montana Scheneetaily 5a9 Anaconda ... 200 Syracuse ... 43 Birmingham 136 Anderson ... 147 New Orleans 4 Syracuse ... 79 Birmingham 227 New Orleans 130 Anaconda .. 551 Brazil ...... 324 B\llings .... 632 Syracuse ... 516 Mobile ...... 334 Elkhart ..... 157 Baton Rouge315' Troy ...... 392 Mobile ...... 34Q Evansvlllo .. 16 Butte 65 Montgomery 363 Great FaIls .122 Utica ...... 42 Fort Wayne.305 Maine Utica ...... 181 Hammond .. 280 Helena ..... 185 Arkansas Le~iston ... 550 Watertown 421 Indianapolis. 10 Millinocket .471 Schenectady 47G Hot Springs 215 Indianapolis 481 Portland ... 399 Nebraska Staten Island 497 Little Rock .126 Logansport .209 Rumford Yonkers .... 501 Pine Bluff .. ~51 Marlon ..... 153 FaIls ..... 518 Hastings ... 206 White Plains 505 Texarkana .. 3(}1 New Albany 286 Lincoln ..... 265 Newark .... 50S Fort Smith .. 346 Peru ...... 347 Omaha 2~ South Bend.132 Maryland Omaha ..... 163 California Terre H?ute 25 North Carolina Bakersfield .428 Terre Haute 279 Annapolis .. 448 Nevada Asheville ... 233 Vincennes .. 243 Baltimore .. 27 \Vlllningtcn 123 Chico ...... 542 Baltimore ... 28 Ely ... ; .... 549. Fresno ..... 169 Washington 371 Goldfield ... 450 Los Angeles. 61 Bal timore 46 Ohio "Baltimore .. 515 Tonapah ... 361 Los Ang"lcs.U6 Indian Territory Cumberland 307 Los Angeles. 370 New Hampshire Akron ...... 11 Monterey ... 545 Ardmore ... 406 Alliance .... 4~9 Oakland .. 283 S. McAlester 220 Massachusetts Portsmouth 42G Ashtabula .. 143 Pasadena .. 418 New Jersey Canton ..... 173 Sacramento. 36 Illinois Boston 30 Chillicothe .248 Sacramento .340 Boston ..... 103 Atlan tic Ci tv 210 Cincinnati .. 101 San Berna- Alton ...... 128 Boston ..... 104 Camden .. :.299 C'incinna ti .. 212 dino ...... 477 Aurora ..... 149 Boston ..... 396 Hackensack 422 Cleveland ., 38 San Diego .. 465 Bellevill(> ... 50 Brockton ... 223 Jersey City . 15 Cleveland 39 San Fran- Bloomington 197 Fall River .. 437 Jersey City.164 Cleveland .. 464 cisco 6 Belvidere . .466 Lawrence .. 385 Long Branch.331 Cleveland . .468 San Fran- Carlinville .. 444 Lynn ...... 377 Newark .... 62 Columbus 54 cisco ...... 151 Chicago 9 New Bedford 224 Newark 87 Dayton ..... 118 San Fran- Chicago 49 North Adams293 Newark .... 190 E. Liverpool 93 cisco ..... 40-1 Chicago .... 134 Pittsfield ... 264 Paterson .. . 102 Findlay .... 298 San Fran- Chicago '" .282 Quincy ..... 189 Perth Amboy358 Lima az cisco ..... 537 Chicago .... 376 Salem ...... 259 Plainfield .. 262 Lorain ...... 237 San Jose ... 250 Chicago .... 381 Springfield ~. Trenton 29 Mt. Vernon. 97 Santa Bar- Danville .... 538 Worcester 96 Paterson ... 486 Newark .... 172 bara ..... 451 E. St. Louis.309 Worcester .. 485 Springfield .204 Santa Cruz .. 526 Elgin ...... 117 New Mexico Steubenville 246 Stockton ., .207 Freeport ... 387 Toledo 8 Granite City 367 Michigan Albuquerque 306 Vaijejo ..... 180 Las Vegas .. 552 Toledo •..... 245 Richmond .. 473 Galesburg .. lS4 Warren ..... 411 Los Angeles. 489 Jollet ...... 176 Ann Arbor .. 171 Youngstown 62 La SaIle .... 321 Battle Creek 445 New York Youngstown 64 Colorado Peoria 34 Bay City ... 150 Zanesvillll .. 160 Paris ...... 519 Detroit ..... 17 Albany ..... 137 Colorado Quincy ..... 67 Detroit 18 Auburn .... 300 Springs .. 233 Rockford ... 196 Detroit ..... 653 Auburn .... R~4 Oklahoma Cripple Cr'k. 70 Rock Island .109 Grand Rapids 75 Blnghamton.. 325 Denver 68 Springfield .193 Grand Rapids231 Brooklyn ... 52~ Enid ...... 533 Denver ..... 121 Springfield .427 Lansing .... 352 Buffalo ..... 41 Guthrie ..... 364 Denver ..... 479 Streator .... 236 Marquette .. 407 Buffalo 40 Oklahoma .. 456 Pueblo 12 Champaign .492 Saginaw ... 145 Cortland ... 459 Oklahoma .. 155 Silverton ., .475 Chicago Trave-rse Elmira ..... 139 Shawnee 48 Heights .. 506 City ...... 131 Glens Falls .3S9 Connecticut Hornellsville 92 Oregon Bridgeport .521 Minnesota Ithaca ...... 409 Danbury ., .195 Iowa Jamestown .106 Astoria ..... 517 Hartford ... 37 Burlil"gton . 525 Kingston ... 277 Portland ... 12:) Meriden .... 351 Boone ...... 372 Duluth :n New Rochelle127 Portland .... 317 New Haven. 90 0edar Raplds253 Minneapolis 292 New York 20 Salem ...... 512 Norwich .... 343 Clin ton ..... 273 Minneapolis 541 New York .. 270 Stamford .. 310 Davenport .278 St. Cloud ... 398 New York . . 36B Pennsylvania Waterbury . .484 Des Moines. 56 New York .. 419 New London.513 Dubuque ... 198 Mississippi New York .. 634 AIIentown .. 366 Fort Dodge.554 New York .. 545 Altoona .... 457 Delaware BioomsllUrg 107 Keokuk .... 420 Meridian .. . ~gl New York .. 547 Niagara FaIls 58 Butler ...... fila Wilmington 313 Mason City .170 Jackson .... 257 Ottumwa ... 173 Oneonta .... 43(; Connellsville 326 District of Col­ Sioux City 47 Olean ...... 214 Easton ..... ~l Missouri E. umbia Waterloo '" ~88 Oswego .... 328 M. Chunk 244 Ossining ... 655 Erie ...... 56 Washington. ~6' Fulton ...... 3Go Poughkeepsle296 Greensburg 379 Washington 148 Kansas Hannibal ... 350 Rochester .. H HarrlslJurg . 63 Joplin ...... 95 Rochester 86 Lancaster .. 71 Florida Atchison 19 Cape Rochester .. 284 NewBrighton342 Jacksonviile 100 Topeka ..... 225 Girardeau 504 Saratoga Philadelphia .21 Miami ...... 349 Wichita .... 144 Kansas City 124 Spring:;> .. 261 Philadelphia .98 Tampa ...... 103 Wichita .... 482 Kansas City 014 Schenectady 85 Philadelphia 240 Pensacola .. 402 Ft. Scott ... 498 Kansas City 330 Schenectady 110 Philadelphia 287 Kansas City 356 Schenectady 140 Pittsburg ... 5 Georgia Kentucky St. Joseph 40 Schenectady 232 Pittsbur~ .. 14 St. Louis .•. 1 Schenectady 631 Pittsburg ... 319 Savannah 8~ Lexln&"ton .. 183 St. Louis... 2 Schenectady 536 Wilkesbarre 491 Idaho Louisv!1le .. 112 !'It. Louis 59 Schenectady 247 Johnstown .. 493 Louisville .. 369 Sedalia ..... 266 Schenectady 21"4 Oil City .... 496 Boise City .. 291 Owensboro .. 216 Snrin&1ield .336 Schenectady 267 Sunbury .... 507 Pocatello ... 449 Paducah ... 177 Webb City .. 548 Schenectady H2 Scranton ... 81 62 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY OF LOCAL UNIONS.-Con't.

Sharon ..... 213 Texas Virginia Wisconsin Brltlah Colum- Fniontown .. 161 bia Warren 63 Austin ..... 620 Newport Appleton ... 201 Wllkeabarre 163 Beaumont .. 221 News .... 165 Beloit ...... 311 VancouVfor .213 Williams- , Beaumont .. 308 Norfolk .... 80 Green Bay .168 Victoria .... 230 port ...... 239 Dallas .•...• 69 Grand Greenwood .624 Dennison ... 338 Rapids ... 231 York ...... 469 Washington Washington 509 Fort Worth .156 La Crosse .. 136 Hou2ton ... 66 Madison .... 159 Manitoba Rhode Island Palestine ... 3S8 Aberdeen ... HiS Milwaukee . 83 Bell!ngham .314 Winnipeg ... 166 Providence 99 San Antonio 60 Oshkosh .... 187 Winnipeg ... 436 Providence .258 Sherman ... 272 Everett .... 191 Racine ..... 430 Newport ... 268 Waco ...... 72 Soo.ttle ..... 77 Wausau .... 341 Eagle Pass . 61 Seattle ..... 202 Superior ... 276 Nova Seotla 217 South Carolina Galveston .. 527 Seattle ..... Milwaukee 49~ Columbia .. 382 Parla ...... 320 Spokane ... 73 Milwaukee .528 SydneY ..... 344 Georg"ltown. 89 Tacoma .,., 76 Milwaukee .530 Tacoma .... 483 Utah Ontario South Dakota North Yaki- Wyoming Sioux Falls .360 Ogden ...... 316 ma ...... 523 Ft. Willlam 339 Cheyenne .. 415 Hamilton ... 105 Tennessee Salt Lake City ...... ;;7 West Virginia Toronto ..•• 114 KnoxviJIe ... 31S Toronto .... 353 CANADA Memphis ... 192 Vermont Charleston .. 256 London ..... 120 Nashville ... 129 Charleston . .480 Alberta Memphis ... 474 Barre ...... 400 Parkersburg B8 Quebec Jackson .. , .511 Rutland .. .4~7 Wheellng , ... 141 Calgary '" .348 Chattanooga 467 Burlington .390 Wheeling ... 142 Edmonton .. 5U Montreal ... 463

CHICAGO LINEMENS' GLOVE FOR TELEPHONE LINEMEN AND ELECTRICAL WORKERS I UNION ::MA.DE I Made in Buck.kin, Horsehide and CaIC.kin ....

Protection COJntort Durabilit7 EconoJn7

Write Cor our illustrated c:ataloltue--FRJtJt The Chicago Glove &, Mitten Co. c, WILTSHIRE, Proprietor,

170 N. Halsted Street Chicago, U. S. A. THE ELECTRICAL WORKER 63

DISTRIOT OOUNOIL OFFICERS. FIRST DISTRICT. President. Secretary· Treasurer. District Council No. 1- M. R. Welch, Raymond Clark, 774 E. 19th St.. Patterson, N. J. District Council No. 2-J. J. McLaughlin. S. A. Strout, 111 Saratoga St., E. Boston, Mass. 419 Main St., Worcester, :\!ass. District Council No.3-H. 'V. Potter, Robert Dickson, 116 S. Peach St., W. P .. Philadelphia, Pa. 104 10th St., S. E., Washington. D. C. District Council No. 4--Thos. J. Cleary, J. W. Cumfer, 923 Albany St., Schenectady, N. Y. District Council No. 5-L. L. Donnelly, J. K. Packard, 8 W. 5th St., Erie, Pa. Lock Box, 4~5, Elmira, N. Y. District Council No.6-Oliver Myers. F. W. Stubenvoll, 10~2 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, Ohio. 735 6th St., Detroit, Mich. District Council No. 7-P. T. McDonald, J. A. Groves. 240 S. Main St., Connellsville, Pa. 416 Wood St.. Connellsville. Pa. SECOND DISTRICT. la. and Neb.-James Fitzge>rald. R. E. Perrin, 19~4 Lyner Ave .. Des Moines, la. 213 10th St., Sioux City, In. St. L.-Harry Meyers. \V. H. Coleman, n8 N. 17th St .. St. Louis. Mo. 1029 Laramie St., Atchison, I{an. Cook Co.--C. L. White. E. J. Hayes, 76 Aberdeen St., Chicago, Ill. III. and Ind.-W. D. Mulinix. F. R. McDonald, 301 S. Center St., Joliet. Ill. 58 S. Root St., Aurora, Ill. Tex. and Ark.-W. M. Graham, Frank Swor, 222 St. Mary St., San Antonio. Tex. Lock Box 61, Fort Worth, Texas. N. W.-Frank Fisher, E. M. Stanchfield, St. James Hotel, Duluth. Minn. 818 10th St., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Southern-E. E. Hoskinson, Dale Smith, 416 Mary St .. Evansville, Ind. Box 232, Norfolk, Va. THIRD DISTRICT. Pacific-H. L. Worthington. J'. L. Cook. 15 Ferry Bldg.. San Francisco, Cal. 1414 8th Ave., Oakland, Cal. I·ntermountaln-L. Lynn, W. C. Medhurst, . Box 402, Salt Lake, Utah. Box 919, Butte. Mont. Centennial-W. S. Campbell, J. F. Byrnes. ]912 Lincoln Ave., Denver, Colo.

PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES.

Charter Fee, for each member .... $1 00 Electrical Worker lIubscrlption, per Seal ...... •...... ',...... , . 1I 60 year ...... •..... , ...... $1 00 Rolled-Gold C'harms ...... 2 00 Treasurer'8 Account Book , ...... 60 Solid Gold Emblematic Buttons, ea 1 00 Treaaurer's Receipt Book ...... 26 Heavy Rolled-Gold Errtblematlc But- Warrant Book tor R. S ...... 25 tons, each ...... 60 Financial Secretary's Ledlrer, 200 Constitutions, per 100 ...... 6 00 pages ...... 1 60 Member8hlp Cards, per 100 1 00 Financial Secretary's Ledlrer, 400 Traveling Cards, per dozen 60 pages ...... 2 60 Withdrawal Cards, per dozen .... . 60 Minute Book t!)r R. S...... 76 Application Blanks, per 100 ...... 60 Day Book ...•...... •...... 10 Extra Rituals, each 26 RolI Call Book ...... •.•...... •.. 60 Blank Bonds, each ...... 10 Not_The above articles will 'be sup­ Working Cards, per 100 ...... 60 plied only when the requisite amount ot Omcl.. l Letter Paper, per 100 .... 60 cash accompanies the order, otherwise Omclal Envelopes, per 100 60 the order w.llI not be reco&'Dized. All Omclal Notice ot Arrears, per 100 60 supplies Bent by us have po.taee or ex­ F. S. Report Blanks, per dozen 60 pre.. chareea prepaid. Set ot Boo!lm, Including Receipts,

Warrant., etc ...... I 00 .A.ddr8lls, Peter W. Collin., (I. S. 64 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

uYankee" Spiral-Ratchet Screw Driver Riltht a.... Le.. t No. 35. Hand aDd Riltid

• IS=' In construction it is the same as the No. 30 and 31, but smaller aud fer driving email screws only. It is intended for electrical workers, cabinet makers, carpenters and mechanics having a large cumher of small screw. to drive, and where a lighter weight tool will be much more sensitive and convenient than the standard patterns, or No. 30. It is small enough to be cODveniently carried in the pocket, measuring 7 in. long when closed (without bit) and weighing complete leu than 7 ounce•.

It drives &crews in or out, ratchets Chuck in or out, and is arranged to hold rigid when cloeed or ext ended. with The bits are straight. so they can be fs used to drive 8cr~W8 throuah holse in t~:'d~~t~~Ti ;!;a' t;:ae;;ht~~l!~ttened Drill Points 5 The great convenience of this new 54( driyar in ih smaUer !liz. and Is.. er I., .0, and ... as wehi:ht, will commend and make it a shown, also desirable tool even to thoae whQ ..1. fzl reads hava the No. 30. Th~ lenath of !~oJ 12~hi~~;"\~e;h:XCt~!~~~. in. clo.ad Countersink can be furnished to fit Extra long bits projecting. in. be- No.34 Yankee Spiral-Ratchet ~y:~ ~i~~~~a~rb~ i~~~filte:dtf:ii::~ Screw Driver. R5L width •. NORTH BROS. MFG. CO., Philadelphia, Pa•• U. S. A.

Donnelly Climbers Ask vour dealer for the Donnelly. He either carries them in stock or will get them for you, If not send to us direct.

Prioo ptr ~~~h~~!GPr;'~~~~ .. ;2.00 Pr!ot p~:E!!:~.!!~~~ .. ;2.00 Pri.. per Pair, hpt... Co 0Gi...... 1.50 IPm. per P&lf, iIpr... Colloci .... • . .. 1.50 IDrO Span, 25 Coull por Pair, P•• lpaid. Illro s,1IfI, 40 CU. por Pair, jnaludinr Rinll CASH IN ADVANCE Insist on having the Donnellv, a-nd you'll never regret it, Every Pai r Guaranteed. Manufactured by The Blakeslee Forging Co. PLANTSVIlLE, CONN.

"DIAMOND H" BRANCH OFFICES New york ...... 203 Broadway Bo.ton ...... •...... 170 Summer St. SWITCHES Chicago ...... 167 So. Canal St. I Toronto, Ont ...... 52 Adelaide St. W. Hart Mfg. Co. Hartford, Conn. London, Ene ...... 25 Victoria St. I U ~ SAVE DOLLARS ~

By wearing U Sargent Cloves" you save money because you buy fewer gloves during the year.

Write for our handsome booklet, In colors, so as to learn just how a g ood glove is made and we will send you a sample of our ~enuine Chrome tanned (heat and waterproof) Horsehide leather made up In a very useful match safe.

DETROIT LEATHER SPECIALTY CO. EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS DETROIT ...... MICHICAN TillS ADV. IS WORTH .90c to YOU

On receipt of $2.10, If you will mention tbis adv .• I will send you apair of Climbers. c1ve you free a $1.00 set of Straps and Pads r::,~. ~,~~~~ and prepay express. Do it now. .~ "Tbisprice will be advanced montbly nntil further notice. Tbese Climbers are for sale by Supply Houses In aU large cities." Section cut away sbowlng onr JOlIN J. REIDY way of putting in tbe spur. Manufacturer oj All Kinds oj Linemen's Straps and Belts MILL ST. AND SALTONSTALL AVE., Nl!:W HAVEN CONN Blake Comprasse~ Cleats BLAKE Blake., loaulated Stapl... SIGNAL & MFG. CO. -. 246 SUMMER ST. BOSTON, MASS.

ELA:K:E TUBE FLUX Convenient to carry and to uae. Will not collect dust and dirt nor get on tools In kit. You can get the solder­ Ing flux just wbere you want It and In jnst tbe desired Quantity.

"Like a Duck's Foot in the Mud" HEN you draw on a pair of Hansen's gloves they fit and feel like kid. They are never W clumsy, stiff or unyiddmg, no matter what the weight or leather. Theyafe cut conectly in shape and size; the seams are placed where cannot be pressed into the hand or grip; though rei,nior",,:d at every point of strain there are no extra thicknesses or ridges to bind, stiffen and hurt. They feel right and comfortable on the hand and they fit like the proverbial "duck's foot in the mud." Hansen's ailroad Gloves are made with and without rivets, lined and unlined, in all weights and leathers, glove or gauntlet style. hide numbers dry soft and pliable, no matter how often water-soaked or exposed to heat or steam. Send cent. for rich Oxidized SUver-6n'lsh fob with1.0ur Send for handy free Timebook and Catalogue, handsomely '_...... :i.:::ni~tial ~u~roe:=~~i~:.,~: i!lustrate~ in actual colors; also full Pat·r Free Informabon how you may get a

O. C. Hansen Mfg. Co. ~~~. 361 East Water St., Milwaukee

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