DOCSLIB.ORG

The New Science of Giambattista Vico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The New Science of Giambattista Vico $1 .45 THEN EW SCIENCE OF GIAMBATTISTA V oJoC oQ 'l nm lattd }rom t/.t l'hud I dtltOII a/Iff • ttll a Ill'.. mtrorlurtir.u h THOMAS GODDARD BERGIN AND MAX HAROLD FISCH THE NEW SCIENCE OF GIAMBATTISTA VICO translated from the third edition ( 1744) by THOMAS GODDARD BERGIN and MAX HAROLD FISCH the translation now abridged and revised and with a new introduction , Anchor Books Doubleday & Company, Inc. Garden City, New York 1961 CONTENTS PREPACE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • xii.i BlDLIOCRAPUUCAL NOTE ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• xvll ABBREVIATIONS AND SlCNS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • x:ix INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • xx.i IDEA OF THE WORK 3 BOOK ONE: ESTABLISHMENT OF PRINCIPLES sECTION x. Notes on the Chronological Table, in Which the Materials Are Set in Order . 11 SECTION u. Elements . 18 SECTION m. Principles . 52 SECTION IV. ~iethod . 57 BOOK TWO: POETIC WISDOM PROLECO!>rENA • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 69 Introduction . 69 Chapter I. Wisdom in General . 70 Chapter ll. Exposition and Division of Poetic Wisdom . 72 Chapter Ill. The Universal Flood and the Giants . 73 SECTION 1. Poetic Metaphysics . 74 Chapter I. Poetic Metaphysics as the Origin of Poetry, Idolatry, Divination, and Sacrifices . 74 Chapter II. Corollaries concerning the Principal As­ pects of This Science . 79 SECTION u. Poetic Logic . 85 Chapter I. Poetic Logic . 85 Chapter II. Corollaries concerning Poetic Tropes, Monsters, and Metamorphoses . 87 Chapter III. Corollaries concerning Speech by Poetic Characters among the First Nations . 91 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tile New Science of Giambattista Vico The New Science of Giambattista Vico Chapter IV. Corollaries concerning the Origins of Lan­ Chapter v. Corollary: It is Divine Providence ~at guages and Letters; and, Therein, the Origins of Institutes Commonwealths and at the Same Trme Hieroglyphics, Laws, Names, Family Arms, Medals, the Naturnl Law of the Centes .• . • . • . 188 and Money; and Hence of the First Language and Chapter VI. Heroic Politics RCSW:Oed •... .. : .. .' 192 Literature of the Natural Law of the Centes . 97 Cha ter VII. Corollaries concenung Roman Antiqll;'- Chapter V. Corollaries concerning the Origins of Poetic ti P and in Particular the Supposedly Monarchic Style, Digression, Inversion, Rhythm, Song, and ~gship at Rome and. the Supposedly Popular Verse ..................................... 110 Liberty Instituted by Juruus Brutus ............. 201 Chapter VI. The Other Corollaries Announced at the Chapter Vlll. Corollary concerning the Heroism of Beginning of Chapter .IV . 117 the First .Peoples . 201 Chapter VII. Final Corollaries concerning the Logic of SECTION VI. • •. • •• • •• • •. • •. • .• • ••• • • •. • •• • • •••• • • 208 the Learned . 123 Chapter 1. Epitomes of Poetic History · · · · · · · · · · · · · 208 SEC'rtO'II ut. Poetic Morals . 127 212 SECTION vn. Poetic Physics . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Chapter I. Poetic Morals and the Origins of the Vulgar Chapter I. Poetic Physics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · 212 Virtues Taught by Religion through the Institution Chapter n. Poetic Physics concerning Man, or HerOIC 214 of l.fatrimony . 127 Nature . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 SECTION 21 IV. Poetic Economy .. .... .. .... .. ... 135 Chapters III-V. Corollaries . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · Chapter 1. Of Poetic Economy, and Here of the Fami- SECTION vm. • • • • • • . • • •• • • •••• • .••..•.• • • •••. • • • • 218 lies Which at First Included Only Children and Chapter I. Poetic Cosmography · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Not Famull . 135 227 SECTION IX. Poetic Astronomy . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Chapter II. The Families with Their Famuli, Which Chapter I. Poetic Astronomy . 227 Preceded the Cities, and without Which the Cities Chapter II. Astronomical and Pbysico-phil~lo~cal Could Not Have Been Born . 150 Demonstration of the Uniformity of the PrinCJples Chapter III. Corollaries concerning Contracts Sealed of Astronomy among All Ancient Gentile Nations .. 227 by Simple Consent . 163 sECTION x. Poetic Chronology ...... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 230 Chapter IV. Mythological Canon . ..... .... ..... 165 Chapter I. Poetic Chronology ............ ·. · : · · · · · 230 SECTION v. Poetic Politics . 166 Chapter ll. Chronological Canon for DeterminiDg the Chapter I. Poetic Politics, under Which the First Beginnings of Universal History ..•...... · · · · · · 233 Commonwealths in the World Were Born in a Mos t SECTION XI. Poetic Geography · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • 234 Severely Aristocratic Form . 166 Chapter I. Poetic Geography ........ · · · · · · · · · · · · 234 Chapter 11. All Commonwealths are Born from Certain Chapter II. Corollary on the Coming of Aeneas into Eternal Principles of Fiefs . 177 Italy ..............•....................... 240 Chapter III. The Origins of the Census and the Treas- Chapter III. Tbe Denomination and Description of ury .... ....... ......... ... .... ... 187 the Heroic Cities ................ · · .. · · · · · · · · 241 Chapter IV. The Origins of the Roman Assemblies . 188 Conclusion ........•.............. · · · · · · · · · · · • · · 241 The New Science of Giambattista Vico The New Science of Giambattista Vico BOOK THREE: DISCOVERY OF THE TRUE HOMER Chapter II. Corollary on the Political Wisdom of the Ancient Romans .... · ... .· . 300 SECl'ION 1. Search for the True .Homer . .. 245 Chapter III. Corollary: Fundamental History of Roman Introduction .................................. 245 Law ...................................... 301 Chapter I. The Esoteric Wisdom Attributed to Homer. 245 SECTIOS X:. Three Kinds of Judgments · ............. 304 Chapter II. Homer's Fatherland . 250 Chapter I. First Kind: Divine Judgments . 304 Chapter III. The Age of Homer . 251 Chapter 11. Corollary ~o Duels. and Reprisals . 306 Chapter IV. Homer's Matchless Faculty for Heroic Chapter III. Second Kind: Ord.inmy Judgments ..... 309 Poetry ..................................... 254 Chapter IV. Third Kind: Human Judgments ....... 313 Chapter V. Philosophical Proofs for the Discovery of SECTION xx. Three Sects of Times . 314 the True Homer . 257 Chapter I. Sects of Religious, Punctilious, and Civil Chapter VI. Philological Proofs for the Discovery of Times ..................................... 314 the True Homer . 263 sECTION XII. Other Proofs Drawn from the Properties SECl'ION u. Discovery of the True Homer . 269 of the Heroic Aristocracies . 316 Introduction . 269 Introduction . 316 Chapter I. The Improprieties and Improbabilities of Chapter I. The Guarding of the Confines . 316 the Homer Hitherto Believed in Beoome Proper and Chapter II. The Guarding of the Institutions . 318 Necessary in the Homer Herein Discovered . 269 Chapter III. The Guarding of the Laws . 328 Chapter II. The Poems of Homer Revealed as Two SECTION XIU. • ' •.• ' •• • ••• ' ' • ••.•• ' • ' ' ' ••..•• .' • ' 332 Great Treasure Stores of the Natural Law of the Chapter I. Other Proofs Taken from Mixed Common­ Gentes of Grceoe . 273 wealths; That Is, from the Tempering of the Con­ Appendix. Rational History of the Dramatic and Lyric stitution of a Succooding Commonwealth by the Poets ..................................... .. 275 Administration of the Preceding One . 332 Chapter Il. An Eternal Natural Royal Law by Which BOOK FOUR: THE COURSE THE NATIONS RUN the Nations Come to Rest under Monarchies . 333 Chapter Ill. Refutation of the Principles of Political Introduction . 283 Theory o.s Represented by the System of Jean Bodin 334 SECl'ION x. Three Kinds of .Natures . 285 SECTION XIV. Final Proofs to Confirm the Course of Na- SEcnos u. Three Kinds of Customs . 287 tions . ................................ ..... 335 SECI'ION m. Three Kinds of Natural Law ............ 288 Chapter I. Punishments, Wars, Order of Numbers . 335 SECl'ION IV. Three Kinds of Governments . 289 SECl'ION v. Three Kinds of Languages . 291 Chapter II. Corollary: That the Ancient Roman Law SECl'ION vx. Three Kinds of Characters . 292 Was a Serious Poem, and the Ancient Jurisprudence a Severe Kind of Poetry, within Which Are Found SECl'ION VII. Three Kinds of Jurisprudence ........... 294 SECl'ION VIII. Three Kinds of Authority . , ...... , .. , . 296 the First Outlines of Legal Metaphysics in the Rough; and How, among the Creeks, Philosophy SECTION IX. Three Kinds of Reason . 299 Chapter I. Divine Reason and Reason of .State . 299 Was Born of the Laws ....................... 338 %11 The New Science of Giambattista Vlco BOOK FIVE: TilE RECOURSE OF HUMAN INSTITU TIONS WHICH THE NATIONS TAKE WHEN T RISE AGAIN Introduction . • . 35 Chapter I. The Latest Barbaric History Explained as the Recourse of the First Barbaric History . 35 Chapter II. The Recourse the Nations Take over the Eternal Nature of Fiefs, and the Recourse Thence of Ancient Roman Law in Feudal Law . 3 Chapter ill. Survey of the Ancient and the Modem World of Nations in the light of the Principles of This .Science . 36 CONCLUSION OF THE WORK On an Eternal Natural Commonwealth, in Each Kind Best, Ordained by Divine Providence . 37 ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS ces are to divisions or lines a! numbered in Loeb (Re £e ren b h diti . •· th . · 1 Library editions w ere sue e ons ens..; o erw~se Classtca d d _ .J: • f th · · aJ exts ) to Teubner or other stan ar ewtions o e ongm t . A. Aeneid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Western Philosophy Rev
    Designed by John Cornet, Phoenix HS (Ore) Western Philosophy rev. September 2012 The very process of philosophy has been a driving force in the tranformation of the world. From the figure who dwells upon how to achieve power, to the minister who contemplates the paradox of the only truth (their faith) yet which is also stagnent, to the astronomers who are searching the stars for signs of other civilizations, to the revolutionaries who sought to construct a national government which would protect the rights of the minority, the very exercise of philosophy and philosophical thought is at a core of human nature. Philosophy addresses what are sometimes called the "big questions." These include questions of morality and ethics, ideology/faith,, politics, the truth of knowledge, the nature of reality, and the meaning of human existance (...just to name a few!) (Religion addresses some of the same questions, but while philosophy and religion overlap in some questions, they can and do differ significantly in the approach they take to answering them.) Subject Learning Outcomes Skills-Based Learning Outcomes Behavioral Expectations and Grading Policy Develop an appreciation for and enjoyment of Organize, maintain and learn how to study from a learning, particularly in how learning should subject-specific notebook Attendance, participation and cause us to question what we think we know Be able to demonstrate how to take notes (including being prepared are daily and have a willingness to entertain new utilizing two-column format) expectations perspectives on issues. Be able to engage in meaningful, substantive discussion A classroom culture of respect and Students will develop familiarity with major with others.
    [Show full text]
  • Works on Giambattista Vico in English from 1884 Through 2009
    Works on Giambattista Vico in English from 1884 through 2009 COMPILED BY MOLLY BLA C K VERENE TABLE OF CON T EN T S PART I. Books A. Monographs . .84 B. Collected Volumes . 98 C. Dissertations and Theses . 111 D. Journals......................................116 PART II. Essays A. Articles, Chapters, et cetera . 120 B. Entries in Reference Works . 177 C. Reviews and Abstracts of Works in Other Languages ..180 PART III. Translations A. English Translations ............................186 B. Reviews of Translations in Other Languages.........192 PART IV. Citations...................................195 APPENDIX. Bibliographies . .302 83 84 NEW VICO STUDIE S 27 (2009) PART I. BOOKS A. Monographs Adams, Henry Packwood. The Life and Writings of Giambattista Vico. London: Allen and Unwin, 1935; reprinted New York: Russell and Russell, 1970. REV I EWS : Gianturco, Elio. Italica 13 (1936): 132. Jessop, T. E. Philosophy 11 (1936): 216–18. Albano, Maeve Edith. Vico and Providence. Emory Vico Studies no. 1. Series ed. D. P. Verene. New York: Peter Lang, 1986. REV I EWS : Daniel, Stephen H. The Eighteenth Century: A Current Bibliography, n.s. 12 (1986): 148–49. Munzel, G. F. New Vico Studies 5 (1987): 173–75. Simon, L. Canadian Philosophical Reviews 8 (1988): 335–37. Avis, Paul. The Foundations of Modern Historical Thought: From Machiavelli to Vico. Beckenham (London): Croom Helm, 1986. REV I EWS : Goldie, M. History 72 (1987): 84–85. Haddock, Bruce A. New Vico Studies 5 (1987): 185–86. Bedani, Gino L. C. Vico Revisited: Orthodoxy, Naturalism and Science in the ‘Scienza nuova.’ Oxford: Berg, 1989. REV I EWS : Costa, Gustavo. New Vico Studies 8 (1990): 90–92.
    [Show full text]
  • A Priori Rules: Wittgenstein on the Normativity of Logic
    A Priori Rules: Wittgenstein on the Normativity of Logic Peter Railton The University of Michigan Introduction Like many, I have long been uneasy with the category of the a priori. Perhaps I have simply misunderstood it. It has seemed to me, at any rate, that asserting a claim or principle as a priori is tantamount to claiming that we would be justified in ruling out alternatives in advance, no matter what the future course of experience might hold. Yet in my own case, I have felt it would be mere bluffing were I to lodge such a claim. I certainly could not discover in myself any sense of the requisite authority, nor even any clear idea of where to look for guidance in forming it. Contemplating widely-used examples of "propositions true a priori" did not remove my worry. For a start, there was the shadow of history. A claim like "logical truth is a priori" or "the attribution of rationality is a priori in intentional explanation" kept sounding, to my ears, as if they echoed "the Euclidean geometry of space is a priori" or "the principle of sufficient reason is a priori in physical explanation". And these echoes awakened just sort of the worry that had initially unsettled me: I would pronouce myself satisfied that certain claims, at least, were safe from the threat of contrary experience, just on the eve of developments in our on-going view of the world that would lead a sensible person to want to reopen the question. So I would emerge looking like the (perhaps apocryphal) fellow who claimed, in the wake of the great inventions of the nineteenth century, that the US Patent Office could now be closed, since all the really new ideas had been used up.
    [Show full text]
  • Giambattista Vico Y La Hermenéutica Social Cinta Moebio 4: 128-145
    Toledo, U. 1998. Giambattista Vico y la hermenéutica social Cinta moebio 4: 128-145 www.moebio.uchile.cl/04/vico.htm Giambattista Vico y la Hermenéutica Social Ulises Toledo Nickels. Doctor (c) en Filosofía. Profesor Universidad San Sebastián. Concepción "Uno de los signos de los escritores de genio es que lo que dicen, puede, a veces, tocar un nervio central en las mentes o los sentimientos de los hombre que pertenecen a otras épocas, culturas o perspectivas, y establecen trenes de pensamiento y arrastran consecuencias que no se les ocurrieron o pudieron no ocurrírseles a tales escritores y todavía menos preocupar sus mentes" Isaiah Berlin "Vico de hecho lo dice ya todo; pero la abstracción e interpretación conceptual la deja a cargo de la posterioridad" Richard Peters Protosociología y Heterogénesis de los Fines (*) El pensador napolitano Giambattista Vico (1668–1744) de reconocida autoridad en el campo de la investigación histórica es considerado, también, el inaugurador de la Filosofía de la Historia en una época en la cual aún no existía una denominación específica para designar ese tipo de estudio (1). No obstante, en el presente trabajo proponemos que su mérito es más extenso y profundo; de hecho anticipa ideas (2) que posteriormente alcanzan un amplio desarrollo por parte de filósofos, historiadores, politólogos, psicólogos y cientistas sociales. Se mencionan los nombres de Hegel, Dilthtey, Spengler, Niebhur, Mommsen, la teoría sobre Homero de Wolf, la interpretación de la mitología de Bachofen, la reconstrucción del pasado en base a etimologías de Grimm, el entendimiento histórico de las leyes de Savigny y el de la ciudad antigua y el feudalismo de Foustel de Coulanges, la teoría sobre la lucha de clases de Marx y Sorel.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Historiography in Marburg Neo-Kantianism: the Example of Cassirer’S Erkenntnisproblem", in from Hegel to Windelband, Eds
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications Philosophy, Department of 1-1-2015 Philosophical Historiography in Marburg Neo- Kantianism: The Example of Cassirer’s Erkenntnisproblem Sebastian Luft Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. "Philosophical Historiography in Marburg Neo-Kantianism: The Example of Cassirer’s Erkenntnisproblem", in From Hegel to Windelband, Eds. Gerald Hartung and Valentin Pluder. Boston : De Gruyter, 2015: 181-205. Publisher Link. © 2015 Walter De Gruyter. Used with permission. Sebastian Luft Philosophical Historiography in Marburg Neo-Kantianism: The Example of Cassirer's Erkenntnisproblem Introduction: Philosophical Historiography as Problem-History. Windelband as Paradigm We can think that "problem-history"l is exclusively a name for one way of philo­ sophical historiography among others. As such it is a method that recounts the history of philosophy in terms of its problems, and not in terms of philosophical personalities or cultural epochs. In this understanding, problem-history proceeds with the naIve assumption that problems exist "in themselves", that they are merely repeated and manifested differently in different epochs. Plainly stated, this sounds both trivial and problematic. And if this reading is true then it is no wonder that problem-history is accorded little interest today, despite the fact that the classical authors of problem-history writing are still readily consulted. Apart from the fact that such writers are still being constantly exploited for re­ search purposes in the present, their works are granted no independent philo­ sophical value. This applies equally to the authors of these works: they are not considered as independent philosophers but "only" as historians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche
    STRUMENTI PER LA DIDATTICA E LA RICERCA – 86 – Paolo Fabiani The Philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche Translated and Edited by Giorgio Pinton Firenze University Press 2009 the philosophy of the imagination in Vico and male- branche / paolo Fabiani. – Firenze : Firenze university press, 2009. (strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca ; 86) http://digital.casalini.it/97864530680 isBn 978-88-6453-066-6 (print) isBn 978-88-6453-068-0 (online) immagine di copertina: © elenaray | dreamstime.com progetto grafico di alberto pizarro Fernández © 2009 Firenze university press università degli studi di Firenze Firenze university press Borgo albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy “In memory of my mother ... to honor the courage of my father” Paolo Fabiani “This is more than my book, it also represents Giorgio Pinton’s interpretation of the imagi- nation in early modern philosophy. In several places of my work he felt obliged to simplify the arguments to easy the reading; he did it in agreement with me. In a few others, he substituted, with intelligence and without forcing, the structure of the original academic version in a differ- ent narrative organization of the contents. He has done a great job. It is an honor for me that the most important translator of Vico’s Latin Works into Eng- lish translated and edited my first philosophical essay. I heartly thank Giorgio Pinton, a true master of philosophy; Alexander Bertland, a very good scholar in Vico studies; and the editorial staff of FUP, expecially
    [Show full text]
  • A Theological Comparison of Joseph Ratzinger and John Milbank
    THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Truth and Politics: A Theological Comparison Of Joseph Ratzinger and John Milbank A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology and Religious Studies Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Sacred Theology By Peter Samuel Kucer Washington, D.C. 2012 Truth and Politics: A Theological Comparison Of Joseph Ratzinger and John Milbank Peter Samuel Kucer, S.T.D. Director: Chad C. Pecknold, Ph.D. Joseph Ratzinger and the Anglican scholar John Milbank have written extensively on the social and political order from a theological perspective. The main aspect which distinguishes Ratzinger’s theology of politics from Milbank’s political theology is how each theologian orients his thought on the question of truth, and most specifically how each theologian understands and relocates Vico’s claim that verum est factum (the truth is made). While Ratzinger is critical of Vico’s account of the socially constructed nature of truth, Milbank, on the other hand, embraces Vico in a way which validates it. The political consequences which logically follow these two philosophical approaches to Vico illustrate a central difference between Ratzinger and Milbank. As a result of these differing responses to Vico on truth, the dissertation argues that Ratzinger and Milbank take up different ways of relating socialism to the Trinitarian faith. Ratzinger’s critical appreciation of socialism, but rejection of all political models as expressive of Trinitarian faith, and Milbank’s promotion of socialism as integral to Trinitarian faith in practice are rooted in their reactions to Vico.
    [Show full text]
  • Vico and Descartes: from Rationalism to Historicism
    VICO AND DESCARTES VICO AND DESCARTES: FROM RATIONALISM TO HISTORICISM By FIORE GUIDO, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts (September) 1986 MASTER OF ARTS (1986) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (Philosophy) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Vico and Descartes: From Rationalism to Historicism AUTHOR: Fiore Guido, B.A. (University of Toronto) B.A. (McMaster University) M.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Albert Shalom NUMBER OF PAGES: vii, 156 ii This work is dedicated to the solitary individual: Though he may have not understood, he and he alone would not have misunderstood. iii ------------ ABSTRACT In this work, we shall argue that the originality of Giambattista Vico in the history of anti-Cartesianism lies not simply, as it is generally believed, in his dissent from the anti-historical tenets of Cartesianism, but in his radical departure from the Cartesian conception of the universe. For Vico, in our view, was one of the very first, if not the first, thinker to recognise fully the implications of Cartesian mechanism and to, consequently, reject the Cartesian conception of nature and (correlatively) the Cartesian conception of man. His "nuova scienza", with its intrinsically dynamic universe and its fundamentally historical man, must therefore be understood as a fundamentally anti-Cartesian science of reality. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work owes its existence to the support and assistance of various individuals whose contribution must be acknowledged, though I alone am responsible for its imperfections. I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Professor Albert Shalom, a great teacher and a truly compassionate individual, who willingly bore the burden of guiding an impulsive and insecure young scholar through the task of writing his first thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Pythagorean, Predecessor, and Hebrew: Philo of Alexandria and the Construction of Jewishness in Early Christian Writings
    Pythagorean, Predecessor, and Hebrew: Philo of Alexandria and the Construction of Jewishness in Early Christian Writings Jennifer Otto Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal March, 2014 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Jennifer Otto, 2014 ii Table of Contents Abstracts v Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations viii Introduction 1 Method, Aims and Scope of the Thesis 10 Christians and Jews among the nations 12 Philo and the Wisdom of the Greeks 16 Christianity as Philosophy 19 Moving Forward 24 Part I Chapter 1: Philo in Modern Scholarship 25 Introducing Philo 25 Philo the Jew in modern research 27 Conclusions 48 Chapter 2: Sects and Texts: The Setting of the Christian Encounter with Philo 54 The Earliest Alexandrian Christians 55 The Trajanic Revolt 60 The “Catechetical School” of Alexandria— A Continuous 63 Jewish-Christian Institution? An Alternative Hypothesis: Reading Philo in the Philosophical Schools 65 Conclusions 70 Part II Chapter 3: The Pythagorean: Clement’s Philo 72 1. Introducing Clement 73 1.1 Clement’s Life 73 1.2 Clement’s Corpus 75 1.3 Clement’s Teaching 78 2. Israel, Hebrews, and Jews in Clement’s Writings 80 2.1 Israel 81 2.2 Hebrews 82 2.3 Jews 83 3. Clement’s Reception of Philo: Literature Review 88 4. Clement’s Testimonia to Philo 97 4.1 Situating the Philonic Borrowings in the context of Stromateis 1 97 4.2 Stromateis 1.5.31 102 4.3 Stromateis 1.15.72 106 4.4 Stromateis 1.23.153 109 iii 4.5 Situating the Philonic Borrowings in the context of Stromateis 2 111 4.6 Stromateis 2.19.100 113 5.
    [Show full text]
  • GIAMBATTISTA VICO (1668-1744) Maria Teresa Maiullari1
    The following text was originally published in Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education (Paris, UNESCO: International Bureau of Education), vol. XXIV, no. 3/4, 1994, p. 731-741. ©UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, 2000 This document may be reproduced free of charge as long as acknowledgment is made of the source. GIAMBATTISTA VICO (1668-1744) Maria Teresa Maiullari1 The inaugural discourses Vico was born in Naples on 23 June 1668, the son of Antonio Vico (1638-1706), a bookseller, and Candida Masullo (1633-99). He completed his elementary and secondary education at the Jesuit School. An intellectual conception common to many young men in the upper classes attending Jesuit schools during the eighteenth century marked the form and, in part, the content of Vico’s later meditations. The images and metaphors in his writings are taken from a biblical and classical repertoire. Vico’s Jesuit education led to the acquisition of an expressive vocabulary that he used to communicate new ideas about the concept and practice of education. After finishing his studies in ‘literature’ and completing a specialization in ‘rhetoric’, he was appointed Professor of Rhetoric at the Royal University of Naples. On 18 October 1699, at the age of 31, Vico gave the first of his ‘Inaugural Discourses’. Following the tradition of contemporary Italian universities, a lecture opened the academic year and clarified certain educational intentions of the teacher. From 1699 to 1706 Vico gave these Orazioni Inaugurali [Inaugural Discourses] which were collected and published in a volume ending with a ‘Final Dissertation’. This work is the fruit of the first phase of Vico’s thought.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Sixteen. the Christian Attack on Greco-Roman Culture, Ca. 135
    Chapter Sixteen The Christian Attack on GrecoRoman Culture. ca. 135 to 235 Over the course of about four hundred years, from the early second century to the early sixth, Greco-Roman civilization was replaced by Christendom. More precisely, the gods were replaced by God and by Satan. When all the other gods were driven from the field the sole remaining god ceased to be a common noun and became instead a proper name, AGod.@1 That sole remaining god was the god of the Judaeans and Christians. Satan was his diametrically opposed counterpart, the personification of Evil. The god of the Judaeans and Christians had begun in the southern Levant, during the Late Bronze Age, as Yahweh sabaoth (AYahweh of the armies@). He became the patron god of the Sons of Israel, and during the reigns of David and Solomon his cult-center was moved to Jerusalem in Judah. In the seventh century BC monolatrist priests and kings in Jerusalem made Yahweh the only god who could be worshiped in Judah and began addressing him as Adonai (Amy Lord@). For Hellenistic Judaeans he was Adonai in Hebrew, and in Greek was Kyrios (ALord@) or ho theos hypsistos (Athe highest god@). For the Pharisees and rabbis, who supposed that even the title Adonai was too holy to be uttered, he was simply ha-shem (Athe Name@). Among early Christians he was Athe Father@ or Aour Father,@ and in the fourth century he became AGod the Father,@ a title which distinguished him from AGod the Son.@ Although they addressed him with different terms, Judaeans and Christians agreed that they were invoking the same god,2 who had created the world, had wiped out almost all living things in Noah=s Flood, had been worshiped by all of Noah=s immediate descendants, but had then been forgotten by humankind until he made himself known to Abraham.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Complexity of the Universal Order in Vico's Establishing Principles
    systems Communication On the Complexity of the Universal Order in Vico’s Establishing Principles Taha Al-Douri 1,2 1 School of Architecture and Design, New York Institute of Technology, 1855 Broadway, New York, NY 10023, USA; [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-971-50-737-3243 or +1-917-603-6098 2 International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research And Cybernetics (I.I.A.S), P.O. Box 3010, Tecumseh, ON N8N 2M3, Canada Academic Editors: Josue Antonio Nescolarde Selva and Josep-Lluis Usó-Doménech Received: 30 December 2016; Accepted: 12 March 2017; Published: 3 April 2017 Abstract: In his seminal work The Principles of a New Science of the Common Nature of Nations (Principii di una scienza nuova d’intorno alla natura delle nazioni, published in 1725 then again in 1730 and posthumously in 1744), Giambattista Vico (Born in 1668) wrote to qualify the scientific to include the humanities and their complexity beyond the popular Cartesian circumscription within the laws of physics—divinely instituted and set in motion—in describing its phenomena. The work is, for one, a manifesto of the essential complexity inherent in universal order, and against a reduction of scholarship to the pure sciences, in which elimination is key. Vico proposed a structure that afforded the organic integration of the humanities within the laws of physics as parts of “a tree of knowledge” whose trunk branched out into a progression toward certainty, drawn out of the most fluid humanities at the roots, in an order of premise and conclusion. The tree metaphor is the juncture of early moments of disparity and interdependence between complexity, on the one hand, and certainty on the other.
    [Show full text]