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Case Study: Ekbatan Neighborhood in Tehran City) International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Special Issue4-June, 2016, pp369-376 http://www.bipublication.com Case Report Evaluation of Physical Indicators of Urban Housing in Compact Cities (Case Study: Ekbatan neighborhood in Tehran city) Sara Felli Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The population growth has had numerous problems, one of which is the accelerated development of cities. On other hand, accelerated development and unplanned in Tehran city in recent decades has caused disruption of balance in natural ecosystems. In this regard, according to the various restrictions, in order to improve the situation, compact city model is proposed. In this regard due to the widespread effects of housing on the urban environment and economic, social life and urban physical and citizens, addressing housing indicators (specifically physical parameters of urban housing) is the most sensitive stages of planning. So the study aimed to investigate and understand the results of the compact city model on urban housing physical indicators. Descriptive and non-experimental method to achieve it (field and survey) is used. The results indicate that in term of physical, housing in Ekbatan neighborhood has desirable condition. In other words, compact cities in spite of residential intensive and vertical growth, can provide physical indicators of urban housing and urban compression is compatible with physical indicators of urban housing. Keywords: compact city, physical indicators, urban housing, Ekbatan neighborhood 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of Problem However, the most important challenge in the Primarily a consequence of the industrial assessment of spatial-physical development revolution is increasing urbanization growth patterns in cities is identify indicators and (Abedin Darkosh, 2002). Such accelerated criteria for evaluation of such patterns. As growth has had many problems in cities, (Short indicators of the status and trends of spatial & Kim, 2008) and the importance of urban development of cities makes it possible tangibly issues for planners and operators of municipal and reliably (Zamizi, 2010). affairs is inevitable (Pourahmad, Comparing Tehran settlements population in the Mohammadpur, Manoochrhri Miandoab et al., census years 1345 to 1385 show that the number 2012). In this regard, more than any other issue of people living in surrounding areas has been a that has attracted the attention of urban planners major change in Tehran. is to identify patterns and urban growth trends. Most of the population growth occurred in the Because the process is effective on various scope of the capital's most desirable agricultural aspects of citizens life (Zamizi, 2010) In this land. What can be said with certainty is situation, two main theories and conflicting happening in uncontrolled growth and principle debate that provided for the sustainability of outside of the urban limits (Milladi and Farhadi, cities, as follows: 2014). The urban physical development is a A) Urban compaction and compression process that affects all the systems and B) Urban distribution and dispersion (Masnavi, structures in the city. 2002) Evaluation of Physical Indicators of Urban Housing in Compact Cities That is why, if during this process does not flow process, so that despite the rapid growth of properly, adverse effects on their many different population, area and total area of growth has parts of the city. (Farshchin, 2010) been faster in recent decades (Gharakhlou and Accordingly, in order to improve the situation, Zanganeh Shahraki, 2009). The consequences of compact city model is proposed. Therefore, the it in urban areas in relation to housing, leading fact that the housing sector can be an important to the emergence of problems such as part of development in a society, (Azizi, 2004) homelessness and bad housing, marginalization to represent different aspects of urban housing and growing problem of slums and informal and better identify their components and status settlements and....So choose a suitable model of in compact cities as a way to guide the physical urban development in a city like Tehran seems development of Tehran, this issue will be inevitable. discussed. In this regard, the need for an In this regard, due to different conditions and instrument is the desired goals can be achieved. constraints, compact city model as one of the The indexes of housing can provide significant ways out of this crisis and improve the living help (Lotfi, Ahmadi and Hassan Zadeh Farjod, conditions are recommended.Therefore, since 2009) Due to the wide range of housing the implementation of an urban plan without indicators, through various indicators, the study having the necessary knowledge in all aspects of focused only on physical parameters of urban the subject that is not possible as a result, it is housing.Since the Ekbatan neighborhood as one necessary to identify and investigate the of the neighborhoods of Tehran city in widespread dimensions of a compact city model. connection with the urban development pattern In the meantime, addressing the housing has many similarities with compact cities, and indicators (in particular the physical intensive development of the city as a means of characteristics of urban housing) considered as a expression in literature would further expand its key planning tool and forming its main bases of urban development and urban the most sensitive stages of planning. Planners management.Hence, this study seeks to answer to get results that are more detailed in order to the question of whether compact select a suitable city model in accordance with cities (specifically Ekbatan neighborhood) the conditions used could use the results of this despite intensive and vertical growth of study. residential users, can provide physical indicators 1.3 Research Literature in urban housing? In relation to compact cities and urban housing 1.2. The need for research indicators in recent years researches in Iranand There are different views in the field of urban elsewhere has been carried that a number of development patterns necessitate to be explored them are mentioned: different aspects of this issue. City's growth Yakob et al in an article titled urban land use pattern with basic family's need, housing is regulations to achieve sustainable urban housing concerned (Gharakhlou and Zanganeh Shahraki, in Klang Valley in Malaysia. In this paper, the 2009). The reasons for considering the issue of achievement solution to sustainable housing urban housing are: development of living know spatial and social justice, economic conditions and the obligation to comply with the growth and environmental sustainability, requirements, the need to reduce flood damage, sustainable and management design (Yakob et natural disasters, earthquakes, hurricanes and al., 2012). landslides, housing retrofitting requirements, Bouchair et al to investigate the compact city providing the perfect environment to live, lack and challenging environmental restrictions on of compliance with technical standards in Algeria's arid and expression in an environment, construction and so on. So pay attention to the response to harsh environmental stresses and issue of urban housing becomes necessary. extreme temperature have been changed to Tehran city as capital of Iran as their stages of improve urban and indoor comfort and reduce development is much faster than the normal energy consumption. We have the technical Sara Felli 370 Evaluation of Physical Indicators of Urban Housing in Compact Cities means in the design of the building due to better Research hypothesis: It seems that in compact coverage of environmental conditions and cities (specifically Ekbatan neighborhood in promote urban sustainability in the local and Tehran city (despite the intensive and vertical global level (Bouchair et al., 2013). Tian et al growth of urban land, again, we can provide the using GIS techniques, investigate landscape and physical indicators of urban housing. environmental quality of urban green space in 1.5 Procedure Hong Kong's compact cities. New city According to purposes, research is applied and landscape pattern improved than old town, approach of study space is descriptive and non- human disorders decreased and improve experimental (field survey). In this study, in ecosystem services and improve the vegetation. order to gather information to gain insight into Compact city optimize the quality and benefits theoretical and literature review of practices of urban environment and strengthen urban using library books, thesis, magazines and nature (Tian et al., 2014). Bardhan et al in a articles, as well as referring to the Internet and study examine the relationship between the information from interviews and field compact cities and improve the quality of urban observations were used. life in Kolkata, India using two metric indexes, 1.6 Research Indicators compact index (COMPI) and mix usage index To study urban housing in the study area (MUI) based on the compact city model. physical parameters of urban housing will be Classification of compact city used in the forms investigated. The index includes a wide range, of transmission. The results showed that there is but in terms of statistics and information, and a significant relationship between the compact restrictions of article, following physical city and urban quality.
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