DOCSLIB.ORG

Alternatives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alternatives ALTERNATIVES DRAFT NATIONAL MALL PLAN / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT THE NATIONAL MALL CONTENTS: ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES...............................................................................................................................49 Overview of Alternatives....................................................................................................................................51 Development of Alternatives....................................................................................................................51 Public Involvement and Preliminary Alternatives.........................................................................51 Using Choosing by Advantages to Develop a Preliminary Preferred Alternative.....................51 Range of Alternatives Considered in this Document ...................................................................52 Summary of Best Practices ........................................................................................................................53 Sustainable Sites Initiative ................................................................................................................53 Design Features for Public Use and Maintenance ........................................................................53 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................54 Natural Resources .............................................................................................................................54 Event Management............................................................................................................................54 Public Access......................................................................................................................................54 Visitor Experience.............................................................................................................................55 Operations and Maintenance ..........................................................................................................55 Conservation Zones and User Capacities .......................................................................................................56 Conservation Zones...................................................................................................................................56 Memorials...........................................................................................................................................56 Character Protection.........................................................................................................................58 Multipurpose Areas...........................................................................................................................59 High-Use Areas..................................................................................................................................59 Resource Standards ...................................................................................................................................60 User Capacity..............................................................................................................................................61 Monitoring and Adaptive Management..................................................................................................66 Actions Common to All Alternatives ...............................................................................................................67 National Mall Actions................................................................................................................................67 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................67 Natural Resources .............................................................................................................................68 The Civic Stage: Demonstrations, Special Events, and National Celebrations.........................70 Access and Circulation......................................................................................................................70 Visitor Information, Education, and Enjoyment ..........................................................................70 Visitor Amenities ...............................................................................................................................71 Health, Public Safety, and Security..................................................................................................71 Park Operations .................................................................................................................................71 The Mall ......................................................................................................................................................71 Union Square (1st to 3rd Streets) ....................................................................................................71 The Mall (3rd to 14th Streets)..........................................................................................................72 Washington Monument and Grounds....................................................................................................72 Washington Monument ...................................................................................................................72 Washington Monument Grounds...................................................................................................72 West Potomac Park (North of Independence Avenue)........................................................................73 World War II Memorial....................................................................................................................73 Constitution Gardens........................................................................................................................73 Vietnam Veterans Memorial............................................................................................................73 Lincoln Memorial and Grounds......................................................................................................74 Korean War Veterans Memorial .....................................................................................................75 D.C. War Memorial...........................................................................................................................75 Ash Woods..........................................................................................................................................75 i CONTENTS West Potomac Park (South of Independence Avenue).........................................................................75 Tidal Basin Area .................................................................................................................................75 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial ............................................................................................76 West Potomac Park Riverfront........................................................................................................76 George Mason Memorial .................................................................................................................76 Thomas Jefferson Memorial ............................................................................................................76 The Alternatives..................................................................................................................................................77 The No-Action Alternative — Continue Current Management..........................................................77 National Mall Actions.......................................................................................................................77 The Mall..............................................................................................................................................78 Washington Monument and Grounds ...........................................................................................79 West Potomac Park (North of Independence Avenue) ...............................................................79 West Potomac Park (South of Independence Avenue) ................................................................79 The Preferred Alternative .........................................................................................................................83 National Mall Actions.......................................................................................................................83 The Mall..............................................................................................................................................88 Washington Monument and Grounds ...........................................................................................91 West Potomac Park (North of Independence Avenue) ...............................................................91 West Potomac Park (South of Independence Avenue) ................................................................93 Alternative A — Focus on the Historic Landscape and Education .....................................................97 National Mall Actions.......................................................................................................................97
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Building Stones of Our Nation's Capital
    /h\q AaAjnyjspjopiBs / / \ jouami aqi (O^iqiii^eda . -*' ", - t »&? ?:,'. ..-. BUILDING STONES OF OUR NATION'S CAPITAL The U.S. Geological Survey has prepared this publication as an earth science educational tool and as an aid in understanding the history and physi­ cal development of Washington, D.C., the Nation's Capital. The buildings of our Nation's When choosing a building stone, Capital have been constructed with architects and planners use three char­ rocks from quarries throughout the acteristics to judge a stone's suitabili­ United States and many distant lands. ty. It should be pleasing to the eye; it Each building shows important fea­ should be easy to quarry and work; tures of various stones and the geolog­ and it should be durable. Today it is ic environment in which they were possible to obtain fine building stone formed. from many parts of the world, but the This booklet describes the source early builders of the city had to rely and appearance of many of the stones on materials from nearby sources. It used in building Washington, D.C. A was simply too difficult and expensive map and a walking tour guide are to move heavy materials like stone included to help you discover before the development of modern Washington's building stones on your transportation methods like trains and own. trucks. Ancient granitic rocks Metamorphosed sedimentary""" and volcanic rocks, chiefly schist and metagraywacke Metamorphic and igneous rocks Sand.gravel, and clay of Tertiary and Cretaceous age Drowned ice-age channel now filled with silt and clay Physiographic Provinces and Geologic and Geographic Features of the District of Columbia region.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Stones of the National Mall
    The Geological Society of America Field Guide 40 2015 Building stones of the National Mall Richard A. Livingston Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Carol A. Grissom Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA Emily M. Aloiz John Milner Associates Preservation, 3200 Lee Highway, Arlington, Virginia 22207, USA ABSTRACT This guide accompanies a walking tour of sites where masonry was employed on or near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It begins with an overview of the geological setting of the city and development of the Mall. Each federal monument or building on the tour is briefly described, followed by information about its exterior stonework. The focus is on masonry buildings of the Smithsonian Institution, which date from 1847 with the inception of construction for the Smithsonian Castle and continue up to completion of the National Museum of the American Indian in 2004. The building stones on the tour are representative of the development of the Ameri­ can dimension stone industry with respect to geology, quarrying techniques, and style over more than two centuries. Details are provided for locally quarried stones used for the earliest buildings in the capital, including A quia Creek sandstone (U.S. Capitol and Patent Office Building), Seneca Red sandstone (Smithsonian Castle), Cockeysville Marble (Washington Monument), and Piedmont bedrock (lockkeeper's house). Fol­ lowing improvement in the transportation system, buildings and monuments were constructed with stones from other regions, including Shelburne Marble from Ver­ mont, Salem Limestone from Indiana, Holston Limestone from Tennessee, Kasota stone from Minnesota, and a variety of granites from several states.
    [Show full text]
  • He L'enfant Plan of 1791
    >ince its inception as a formal park, the National The Residence Act of 1790 authorized the president 11all has evolved and expanded along with the to choose the location for the new city. President 1atlon that created it. The story of the .Mall Is the . George Washington chose as the city's site the land .tory of the building of a new Federal City to serve in Maryland and Virginia where the Eastern Branch !S capital of the United States. From marshes and (Anacostia River), Rock Creek, and Tiber Creek fed neadows to one of the most famous and historic into the Potomac River. The Act also designated 3ndscapes in the world, the National Mall serves as three commissioners to have immediate authority his nation's front lawn. over purchasing and accepting • ...such quantity of land for use of the United States.• Most of the land -radition has it that the plain at the foot of present· acquired by the commissioners, Including the Carroll iay Capitol Hill, drained by the Tiber Creek, was the and Burnes properties, became this nation's first 1unting and fishing grounds of Native Americans. federal public parks. President Washington hired the Vith seventeenth century British colonization, most mifitary engineer Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant to if this land eventually came into the ownership of design the Federal City. It was L'Enfant's intention he Carroll and Burnes families. • ...to turn a savage wilderness into a Garden of Eden.• he L'Enfant Plan of 1791 .'Enfant envisioned a city of parks. The Mall, or Personality clashes with tha three commissioners ·c;;rand Avenue," was to be the central landscaoe of led to L'Enfant's dismissal in 1792.
    [Show full text]
  • Podolak Multifunctional Riverscapes
    Multifunctional Riverscapes: Stream restoration, Capability Brown’s water features, and artificial whitewater By Kristen Nicole Podolak A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Professor Louise Mozingo Professor Vincent H. Resh Spring 2012 i Abstract Multifunctional Riverscapes by Kristen Nicole Podolak Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning University of California, Berkeley Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Society is investing in river restoration and urban river revitalization as a solution for sustainable development. Many of these river projects adopt a multifunctional planning and design approach that strives to meld ecological, aesthetic, and recreational functions. However our understanding of how to accomplish multifunctionality and how the different functions work together is incomplete. Numerous ecologically justified river restoration projects may actually be driven by aesthetic and recreational preferences that are largely unexamined. At the same time river projects originally designed for aesthetics or recreation are now attempting to integrate habitat and environmental considerations to make the rivers more sustainable. Through in-depth study of a variety of constructed river landscapes - including dense historical river bend designs, artificial whitewater, and urban stream restoration this dissertation analyzes how aesthetic, ecological, and recreational functions intersect and potentially conflict. To explore how aesthetic and biophysical processes work together in riverscapes, I explored the relationship between one ideal of beauty, an s-curve illustrated by William Hogarth in the 18th century and two sets of river designs: 18th century river designs in England and late 20th century river restoration designs in North America.
    [Show full text]
  • 1851 Newspaper Reports
    COMPILATION OF CANAL TRADE ARTICLES FROM THE ALLEGANIAN a Cumberland newspaper and THE SUN a Baltimore newspaper and GEORGETOWN ADVOCATE DAILY AMERICAN TELEGRAPH two Washington, D. C. newspaper and ALEAXNDRIA GAZETTE an Alexandria, Va. newspaper 1851 Compiled and Edited by William Bauman C & O Canal Association Volunteer [email protected] REVISION 1 - MARCH 2018 REVISION 2 – MAY 2020 REVISION 3 – MAY 2021 Canal Trade - 1851 A. PREFACE In this compilation, articles were transcribed from The Alleganian, a Cumberland newspaper, The Sun, a Baltimore newspaper (identified by Sun appearing before the article), Georgetown Advocate (identified by GA appearing before the article) and Daily American Telegraph (identified by DAT appearing before the article) two Washington, D. C. newspapers, and Alexandria Gazette (identified by AG appearing before the article) an Alexandria, Va. newspaper, unless otherwise footnoted. The articles were compiled, chronologically in a two-column format, just as they appeared in the newspapers. Note that no boats loaded on Sunday; if it was just that the newspaper did not publish on Sunday, then the Monday edition would have listed the Sunday traffic. It does not. Some dates during the boating season were missing. The Alleganian newspaper was found on microfilm at the library at Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD. The Sun, the Georgetown Advocate the Daily American Telegraph and the Alexandria Gazette newspapers were found on-line. The research continues because the reader may yet find a missing date or a canal related article from another newspaper. There is a lot of duplication in information due to the different newspapers publishing similar articles about, for example Canal Trade, wherein the reporters for the newspapers had different deadlines for reporting the data and thus the lists have different boats, distances, and/or cargo.
    [Show full text]
  • Course of Tiber Creek
    THE WASHINGTON TIMES, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1015. ofl-hcn- n Borland disproved the rd as-- 1 her hostile character will bo rcason-Bertio- royal families of the two countries. who Says Act May Hurt MRS BALL URGED theWa0htn0ton turie that there are plenty of J ably apparent as soon, ns she begins The British princess became of Spain is very popular, and Here Are Answers which be had blazing away, quite regardless ol Queen the street houses can at PUBLISHED HVBRT BVEN1NO Mail Service Men (505 hab-itab- fe masthead. To pull sho and the King are decidedly pro-Engli- sh (Including aundar) low prices. There1 are but the bunting at her down flag and begin in sentiments. By The Washington Tiraea Company. houses now in Washington, he the dishonest Association's FOR R. C. HEAD . a comparatively Head Opposes the THB MUNBEY BUILDING. Penna. stated, which can be rented for $15 firing, all in the same instant, as the But aside from InEducational Contest n month or less. Emdcn did, doesn't greatly help the limited court clement, it is declared Amendment Providing for Bi- - . t President. FRANK A. MUNSEY, sonial hu- unsuspecting victims. that Spain has been gradually Veer- TITHER1NQTON, Secretary. Not only from a and ennial Appropriations. R. H. mane standpoint,' for business Yet it is now explained that there ing away from its old moorings of Solutions to Problems Presented in Test Gonducted G. H. POPE, Treasurer. but Declaring thut biennial Instead of an- Department of Pojomac Con- reasons, some provision for, alley is nothing in The Hague rules or British sympathy.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Selection and Justification Technical Memorandum
    Technical Memorandum Model Selection and Justification Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1 2. Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................1 3. Technical Approach................................................................................................................................ 2 4. Results and Discussion .........................................................................................................................15 Analysis References .................................................................................................................................................. …17 Attachments .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Comprehensive Baseline Comprehensive – , 2014 , December 22 December Consolidated TMDL Implementation Plan Implementation TMDL Consolidated Technical Memorandum: Model Selection and Justification List of Tables Table 1: Modeling Approach used in Mainstem Waterbodies for MS4 Areas ............................................... 4 Table 2: Modeling Approach used in Tributary Waterbodies for MS4 Areas ................................................ 4 Table 3: Modeling Approach used in Other Waterbodies for MS4 Areas .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MAPS FINDING AID Albert H. Small Washingtoniana Collection Contents
    Page 1 of 15 MAPS FINDING AID Albert H. Small Washingtoniana Collection Contents: 17th Century, page 2 18th Century, page 2 19th Century, Pre-Civil War, page 3 19th Century, Civil War, page 6 19th Century, Post-Civil War, page 7 20th Century, page 12 21st Century, page 15 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MUSEUM & THE TEXTILE MUSEUM | 701 21st NW | Washington, DC 20052 | 202-994-5200 | museum.gwu.edu Page 2 of 15 17th CENTURY 1606 Virginia (modern reproduction). Captain John Smith’s map engraved by William Hole. Date of original map: 1606. Reproduced by the Library of Congress. AS 977. 1651 Historical Maps of Maryland (modern reproductions). Four historical reproduction maps of Maryland and Virginia reprinted from Atlas of Maryland, 1608-1908. Original maps date to 1651,1671, 1678, and 1752. AS 974. 1671 Noua Terrae-Mariae, Tabula. Date: 1671. This map appeared in John Ogilby’s Atlas America. It is the second edition of a 1635 map. AS 707. 1673 The Herman Map of Virginia and Maryland, 1673 (facsimile from the original at Brown University, published 1967). Original title, Virginia and Maryland, Original publisher Augustin Herrman. AS 853. 18th CENTURY 1750 Pas Kaart van de Zee Kusten van Virginia. Published by Johannis van Keveen in the Netherlands. Date: ca. 1750. AS 805. 1765 A Map of North America, 1765. Published by L. Delarochette, London. Hand colored engraving – outline showing North America, Mexico, Central America, and parts of Canada. AS 948. 1766 A Plan of My Farm on Little Hunting Creek & Potomac River, G.W., 1766. Modern digital copy of a map drawn by George Washington of one of his farms at Mount Vernon.
    [Show full text]
  • National Mall Tidal Basin Ideas Lab Manual
    NATIONAL MALL TIDAL BASIN IDEAS LAB MANUAL SAVINGPLACES.ORG/SAVETHETIDALBASIN “ The National Mall—the great swath of green in the middle of our capital city and stretching from the foot of the United States Capitol to the Potomac River—is America’s civic stage. This historic open space with its planned vistas provides an inspiring setting for national memorials, many of them symbols of our democracy. It also provides a visual connection between the branches of government, and a backdrop for government buildings and the great cultural institutions of our nation. For more than 200 years it has symbolized our nation and its democratic values, which have inspired the world. ‘We the People’ come here to demonstrate our rights and celebrate our freedoms, our history and culture, our unity and diversity, and our way of life.” —NATIONAL MALL PLAN 2010 PRESENTED BY: WITH GENEROUS SUPPORT FROM: WELCOME TO THE IDEAS LAB FOR THE NATIONAL MALL TIDAL BASIN On behalf of the millions of visitors to the National Mall Tidal Basin, we are pleased to welcome you to the Ideas Lab—an innovative, collaborative, and multidisciplinary design exercise. Presented by American Express and Unfortunately, this landscape is endangered. sponsored by the National Trust for Historic The instability of the land underneath, Preservation, the Trust for the National Mall, daily flooding, and crumbling infrastructure and the National Park Service, this is the threaten its sustainability and visitor first critical step in a multi-phased process enjoyment. With your help, we are taking that is intended to raise awareness, elevate the first step to ensure that the National an important discourse, and educate Mall Tidal Basin will meet the demands of and engage the public about the future a changing modern environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring the Lost Rivers of Washington: Can a City’S Hydrologic Past Inform Its Future?
    rrestoringestoring thethe lostlost riversrivers ofof washington:washington: ccanan a ccity’sity’s hydrologichydrologic pastpast informinform itsits future?future? ccurtisurtis a.a. millaymillay restoring the lost rivers of washington: can a city’s hydrologic past inform its future? by Curtis A. Millay Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfi llment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE November 15, 2005 Dean Bork, Chair Alexandria, Virginia Adele Ashkar Keywords: urban hydrology, urban design, daylighting, landscape architecture, stormwater management Caren Yglesias, Ph.D. Copyright 2006, Curtis A. Millay the lost rivers of washington: can a city’s hydrologic past inform its future? Curtis A. Millay Abstract Washington, D.C., like many older U.S. cities, suffers the woes of rapid urbanization and aging in- frastructure. The city’s combined sewer and stormwater system dumps millions of gallons of raw sewage into the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers over 70 times annually during signifi cant rain events. While many groups, both public and private, attempt to clean the river, billions of dollars are still necessary over several years to remedy the combined sewer overfl ow (CSO) problem alone. Current plans for a solution include constructing large underground storage tanks that store millions of gal- lons of wastewater during overfl ow periods. Washington, however, once had a network of waterways that naturally drained the Federal City. At least three major stream systems—the Tiber Creek, James Creek and Slash Run—and over 30 springs fl owed within the boundaries of the emerging capital.
    [Show full text]
  • 1900 Newspaper Reports
    COMPILATION OF CANAL TRADE ARTICLES FROM CUMBERLAND ALLEGANIAN a Cumberland, Md. newspaper and THE BALTIMORE SUN a Baltimore, Md., newspaper and TIMES and EVENING STAR two Washington, D. C., newspapers 1900 Compiled by William Bauman C & O Canal Association Volunteer [email protected] FEBRUARY 2020 Canal Trade - 1900 A. PREFACE In this compilation, all the Canal Trade articles were transcribed from the Cumberland Alleganian, a Cumberland, Md. newspaper, the Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore, Md. newspaper, the Times, a District of Columbia newspaper and the Evening Star another District of Columbia newspaper of the era. The articles were compiled, chronologically in a two-column format, much as they appeared in the newspaper. Articles from Cumberland Alleganian are preceded by CA, those from the Baltimore Sun are preceded by Sun, those from the Times are preceded by Times, and those from the Evening Star are preceded by ES. The newspapers were found on-line. There may be some duplication or overlapping of stories due to the varied sources, date of publication, and local interest. The research continues because the reader may yet find a missing date, or better yet, a missing newspaper. Readers will notice that articles from the Times newspaper tend to be very long articles. I hesitated to include them due to their length, but decided their inclusion would give some perspective of life in Washington, D. C. in 1900. Readers not interested should just skip over those articles. Readers are encouraged to search the enclosed report for information on their ancestor, as their time and interest permits. Feel free to send additional observations for the benefit of others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culverts
    HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT THE CULVERTS HISTORICAL DATA CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK MD.-D.C.-W.VA. By Harlan D. Unrau DENVER SERVICE CENTER HISTORIC PRESERVATION TEAM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DENVER, COLORADO January 1976 CONTENTS Preface iv Administrative Data v Statement of Historical Significance vi Recommendations vii I. Introduction 1 II. The Canal Project 1822–1828 2 III. The Construction of the Culverts between Georgetown 3 and Dam No. 5: 1828–1835 IV. The Construction of the Culverts between Dam No. 5 22 and Cumberland: 1835–1842 V. The Completion of the Culverts between Dam No. 6 46 and Cumberland: 1842–1850 VI. The Operation and Maintenance of the Culverts: 1850–1924 57 APPENDIXES A. “Specification for Culverts on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal” (ca. 1829) 63 B. “Tabular Statement of the Cost of the Works from the Mouth of Tiber Creek, 65 in Washington City, to the Mouth of Seneca Creek,” March 31, 1834 C. “General Summary: March 20, 1834,” by Engineer Alfred A. Cruger 70 D. “Proposals and Estimates for Culverts Nos. 206–209, 211, 215–217, 226–228, 71 232–233,” July 3, 1838 E. “List of Prices for Culverts Nos. 206–209, 211, 215–217, 226–228, 232–233,” 72 July 3, 1838 F. “Specification for Road Culvert No. 211 on Section No. 313 of 12 Feet Span” 74 G. “Summary of the 27½ Miles of Canal, Recently Opened for Navigation 77 Between Dam No. 5 and Dam No. 6” H. “Summary of the 50 Miles of Canal Between Dam No.
    [Show full text]