MAPS FINDING AID Albert H. Small Washingtoniana Collection Contents
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Building Stones of Our Nation's Capital
/h\q AaAjnyjspjopiBs / / \ jouami aqi (O^iqiii^eda . -*' ", - t »&? ?:,'. ..-. BUILDING STONES OF OUR NATION'S CAPITAL The U.S. Geological Survey has prepared this publication as an earth science educational tool and as an aid in understanding the history and physi cal development of Washington, D.C., the Nation's Capital. The buildings of our Nation's When choosing a building stone, Capital have been constructed with architects and planners use three char rocks from quarries throughout the acteristics to judge a stone's suitabili United States and many distant lands. ty. It should be pleasing to the eye; it Each building shows important fea should be easy to quarry and work; tures of various stones and the geolog and it should be durable. Today it is ic environment in which they were possible to obtain fine building stone formed. from many parts of the world, but the This booklet describes the source early builders of the city had to rely and appearance of many of the stones on materials from nearby sources. It used in building Washington, D.C. A was simply too difficult and expensive map and a walking tour guide are to move heavy materials like stone included to help you discover before the development of modern Washington's building stones on your transportation methods like trains and own. trucks. Ancient granitic rocks Metamorphosed sedimentary""" and volcanic rocks, chiefly schist and metagraywacke Metamorphic and igneous rocks Sand.gravel, and clay of Tertiary and Cretaceous age Drowned ice-age channel now filled with silt and clay Physiographic Provinces and Geologic and Geographic Features of the District of Columbia region. -
Native Vascular Flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia
Native Vascular Flora City of Alexandria, Virginia Photo by Gary P. Fleming December 2015 Native Vascular Flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia December 2015 By Roderick H. Simmons City of Alexandria Department of Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities, Natural Resources Division 2900-A Business Center Drive Alexandria, Virginia 22314 [email protected] Suggested citation: Simmons, R.H. 2015. Native vascular flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia. City of Alexandria Department of Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities, Alexandria, Virginia. 104 pp. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................... 3 History of Botanical Studies in Alexandria .............................................................................. 5 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................... -
Building Stones of the National Mall
The Geological Society of America Field Guide 40 2015 Building stones of the National Mall Richard A. Livingston Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Carol A. Grissom Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA Emily M. Aloiz John Milner Associates Preservation, 3200 Lee Highway, Arlington, Virginia 22207, USA ABSTRACT This guide accompanies a walking tour of sites where masonry was employed on or near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It begins with an overview of the geological setting of the city and development of the Mall. Each federal monument or building on the tour is briefly described, followed by information about its exterior stonework. The focus is on masonry buildings of the Smithsonian Institution, which date from 1847 with the inception of construction for the Smithsonian Castle and continue up to completion of the National Museum of the American Indian in 2004. The building stones on the tour are representative of the development of the Ameri can dimension stone industry with respect to geology, quarrying techniques, and style over more than two centuries. Details are provided for locally quarried stones used for the earliest buildings in the capital, including A quia Creek sandstone (U.S. Capitol and Patent Office Building), Seneca Red sandstone (Smithsonian Castle), Cockeysville Marble (Washington Monument), and Piedmont bedrock (lockkeeper's house). Fol lowing improvement in the transportation system, buildings and monuments were constructed with stones from other regions, including Shelburne Marble from Ver mont, Salem Limestone from Indiana, Holston Limestone from Tennessee, Kasota stone from Minnesota, and a variety of granites from several states. -
He L'enfant Plan of 1791
>ince its inception as a formal park, the National The Residence Act of 1790 authorized the president 11all has evolved and expanded along with the to choose the location for the new city. President 1atlon that created it. The story of the .Mall Is the . George Washington chose as the city's site the land .tory of the building of a new Federal City to serve in Maryland and Virginia where the Eastern Branch !S capital of the United States. From marshes and (Anacostia River), Rock Creek, and Tiber Creek fed neadows to one of the most famous and historic into the Potomac River. The Act also designated 3ndscapes in the world, the National Mall serves as three commissioners to have immediate authority his nation's front lawn. over purchasing and accepting • ...such quantity of land for use of the United States.• Most of the land -radition has it that the plain at the foot of present· acquired by the commissioners, Including the Carroll iay Capitol Hill, drained by the Tiber Creek, was the and Burnes properties, became this nation's first 1unting and fishing grounds of Native Americans. federal public parks. President Washington hired the Vith seventeenth century British colonization, most mifitary engineer Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant to if this land eventually came into the ownership of design the Federal City. It was L'Enfant's intention he Carroll and Burnes families. • ...to turn a savage wilderness into a Garden of Eden.• he L'Enfant Plan of 1791 .'Enfant envisioned a city of parks. The Mall, or Personality clashes with tha three commissioners ·c;;rand Avenue," was to be the central landscaoe of led to L'Enfant's dismissal in 1792. -
Podolak Multifunctional Riverscapes
Multifunctional Riverscapes: Stream restoration, Capability Brown’s water features, and artificial whitewater By Kristen Nicole Podolak A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Professor Louise Mozingo Professor Vincent H. Resh Spring 2012 i Abstract Multifunctional Riverscapes by Kristen Nicole Podolak Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning University of California, Berkeley Professor G. Mathias Kondolf, Chair Society is investing in river restoration and urban river revitalization as a solution for sustainable development. Many of these river projects adopt a multifunctional planning and design approach that strives to meld ecological, aesthetic, and recreational functions. However our understanding of how to accomplish multifunctionality and how the different functions work together is incomplete. Numerous ecologically justified river restoration projects may actually be driven by aesthetic and recreational preferences that are largely unexamined. At the same time river projects originally designed for aesthetics or recreation are now attempting to integrate habitat and environmental considerations to make the rivers more sustainable. Through in-depth study of a variety of constructed river landscapes - including dense historical river bend designs, artificial whitewater, and urban stream restoration this dissertation analyzes how aesthetic, ecological, and recreational functions intersect and potentially conflict. To explore how aesthetic and biophysical processes work together in riverscapes, I explored the relationship between one ideal of beauty, an s-curve illustrated by William Hogarth in the 18th century and two sets of river designs: 18th century river designs in England and late 20th century river restoration designs in North America. -
Inside the Civil War Defenses of Washington: an Interview with Steve T
The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History Civil War Institute 12-18-2017 Inside The Civil War Defenses of Washington: An Interview with Steve T. Phan Ashley Whitehead Luskey Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler Part of the Military History Commons, Public History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Recommended Citation Luskey, Ashley Whitehead, "Inside The Civil War Defenses of Washington: An Interview with Steve T. Phan" (2017). The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History. 315. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler/315 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler/315 This open access blog post is brought to you by The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The Cupola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Inside The Civil War Defenses of Washington: An Interview with Steve T. Phan Abstract Over the course of this year, we’ll be interviewing some of the speakers from the upcoming 2018 CWI conference about their talks. Today we are speaking with Steve T. Phan, a Park Ranger and historian at the Civil War Defenses of Washington. Prior to his arrival at CWDW, Steve worked as an intern and park guide at Richmond National Battlefield ark,P Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, and Rock Creek Park. -
1851 Newspaper Reports
COMPILATION OF CANAL TRADE ARTICLES FROM THE ALLEGANIAN a Cumberland newspaper and THE SUN a Baltimore newspaper and GEORGETOWN ADVOCATE DAILY AMERICAN TELEGRAPH two Washington, D. C. newspaper and ALEAXNDRIA GAZETTE an Alexandria, Va. newspaper 1851 Compiled and Edited by William Bauman C & O Canal Association Volunteer [email protected] REVISION 1 - MARCH 2018 REVISION 2 – MAY 2020 REVISION 3 – MAY 2021 Canal Trade - 1851 A. PREFACE In this compilation, articles were transcribed from The Alleganian, a Cumberland newspaper, The Sun, a Baltimore newspaper (identified by Sun appearing before the article), Georgetown Advocate (identified by GA appearing before the article) and Daily American Telegraph (identified by DAT appearing before the article) two Washington, D. C. newspapers, and Alexandria Gazette (identified by AG appearing before the article) an Alexandria, Va. newspaper, unless otherwise footnoted. The articles were compiled, chronologically in a two-column format, just as they appeared in the newspapers. Note that no boats loaded on Sunday; if it was just that the newspaper did not publish on Sunday, then the Monday edition would have listed the Sunday traffic. It does not. Some dates during the boating season were missing. The Alleganian newspaper was found on microfilm at the library at Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD. The Sun, the Georgetown Advocate the Daily American Telegraph and the Alexandria Gazette newspapers were found on-line. The research continues because the reader may yet find a missing date or a canal related article from another newspaper. There is a lot of duplication in information due to the different newspapers publishing similar articles about, for example Canal Trade, wherein the reporters for the newspapers had different deadlines for reporting the data and thus the lists have different boats, distances, and/or cargo. -
Stone Wall Dec 07 & Jan 08
BRCWRT — Vol XlV, Issue 9 — December 2007/January 2008 Page 1 The Newsletter of the Bull Run Civil War Round Table — Vol. XIV, Issue 9—Dec. 2007/Jan. 2008 FAIRFAX HISTORIAN ADDRESSES IMPORTANCE OF GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING LOGISTICS TO MILITARY 13 DECEMBER 2008 SUCCESS We are honored to have Ron Beavers as our 7:00 P.M. Centreville Library December guest speaker. A sixth generation Virginian, Ron has had a life-long interest in history and railroads. GUEST SPEAKER: He is especially interested in Civil War logistics and rail- roads. While researching the railroads, he discovered he Ron Beavers is a descendent of several Civil War veterans, and that four of his great grandparents are buried in cemeteries SUBJECT: adjacent to the original Orange and Alexandria rail line. His first summer job prior to college was as a courier for Civil War Logistics: the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac (RF&P) Rail- road in the then Potomac Yards area in Alexandria. One The Key To Victory of his Civil War veteran ancestors actually worked for the same RF&P railroad and retired from it over half a century earlier. Ron has a Bachelor’s Degree from George Wash- 6:30 PM Christmas/Holiday ington University. After a two-year Army enlistment, he Refreshments spent the next thirty-four years working in classified programs for the Federal Government. As an outgrowth of his love and research on the early railroads, he has Civil War Preservation Trust, the Friends of Fort Ward, become a re -enactor, living historian, and speaker at the Friends of Gettysburg National Military Park, the numerous Civil War Living History events, Civil War Friends of Fairfax Station Railroad Museum, Bull Run Round Tables, civic associations and historical societies. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property VLR Listed: Historic name: Oakland Baptist Cemetery 12/14/2017 Other names/site number: Oakland Church Lot; VDHR No. 100-5339 Name of related multiple property listing: NRHP Listed: N/A 9/4/2018 (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: 4195 West Braddock Road City or town: Alexandria State: VA County: Independent City Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional -
The Civil War Defenses of Washington
I 29.58/3: C 49/PT.2/DRAFT Clemson Universi* 3 1604 016 848 964 A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defenses of Washington PUBLIC DEPOSITORY ITEM OCT 1 7 2006 FEDERAL CLfctvioON PUBl CATIOH PAP>" A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defenses of Washington Part II United States Department of Interior National Park Service National Capital Region Washington, DC Contract No. 144CX300096053 Prepared by CEHP, Incorporated Chevy Chase, Maryland Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/historicresource02nati A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defenses of Washington Part II Table Contents Chapter I: Silenced Guns Chapter II: The "Fort-Capped Hills" Chapter III: The Fort Park System Bibliography Appendices* Appendices are under separate cover Chapter I Silenced Guns Civil Defenses of Washington Historic Resource Study Page 2 DRAFT Chapter I - June 1998 Abandonment of the Fortifications Following Confederate General Jubal A. Early's Raid on Washington, DC, the threat to the nation's capital diminished considerably. Many units formerly stationed at one of the forts in the Defenses of Wash- ington found themselves in the field, most likely in the Army of the Potomac, and possibly converted from artillery to infantry. No additional Confederate invasions or attacks on the Defenses of Washington oc- curred. 1 After the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's surrender at Appomattox, VA, on April 9, 1 865, the Defenses ofWashington performed its last military function of the Civil War. In the midst of Washington's exuberant celebrations, "The chain of forts around the city, and batteries of field artillery between, made a ring of cannons around the city which were fired in rotation for several hours. -
Course of Tiber Creek
THE WASHINGTON TIMES, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1015. ofl-hcn- n Borland disproved the rd as-- 1 her hostile character will bo rcason-Bertio- royal families of the two countries. who Says Act May Hurt MRS BALL URGED theWa0htn0ton turie that there are plenty of J ably apparent as soon, ns she begins The British princess became of Spain is very popular, and Here Are Answers which be had blazing away, quite regardless ol Queen the street houses can at PUBLISHED HVBRT BVEN1NO Mail Service Men (505 hab-itab- fe masthead. To pull sho and the King are decidedly pro-Engli- sh (Including aundar) low prices. There1 are but the bunting at her down flag and begin in sentiments. By The Washington Tiraea Company. houses now in Washington, he the dishonest Association's FOR R. C. HEAD . a comparatively Head Opposes the THB MUNBEY BUILDING. Penna. stated, which can be rented for $15 firing, all in the same instant, as the But aside from InEducational Contest n month or less. Emdcn did, doesn't greatly help the limited court clement, it is declared Amendment Providing for Bi- - . t President. FRANK A. MUNSEY, sonial hu- unsuspecting victims. that Spain has been gradually Veer- TITHER1NQTON, Secretary. Not only from a and ennial Appropriations. R. H. mane standpoint,' for business Yet it is now explained that there ing away from its old moorings of Solutions to Problems Presented in Test Gonducted G. H. POPE, Treasurer. but Declaring thut biennial Instead of an- Department of Pojomac Con- reasons, some provision for, alley is nothing in The Hague rules or British sympathy. -
Dummy Spreads
Washington’s Civil War Defenses hen Dickinson visited Forts Ward and Barnard in 1918, they were already sixty-year-old ruins, but visible. Today, Washington’s Civil War forts are almost Wone hundred and fifty years old and when extant, barely visible. The earthwork forts, whose trenches Dickinson captured in his Fort Barnard drawing, are far softer mounds today, almost indistinguishable from their surrounding landscape, and in the case of Fort Barnard, nothing remains at all. It became a public park and playground at the intersection of today’s South Pollard Street and Walter Reed Drive in Arlington. Fort Ward, on the other hand, became a City of Alexandria historic site, and as a result, is the only fort with exten- sive reconstruction and a museum with interpretive programs. Arlington’s Fort Whipple The Union army’s defeat at the Battle of Bull Barnard’s report described Fort Barnard as was the only fortification location to become a permanent military establishment—today’s Run (Manassas) in July 1861, demonstrated the occupying a commanding position. “It covers the Fort Myer. urgent need for a well-trained army and far greater head of ravines, in which large bodies of troops can On April 12, 1861, the Civil War began with the battle of Fort Sumter. President fortification for the capital city. Major (later Major be collected and concealed in a favorable position Lincoln immediately issued orders for the fortification of Washington, which was virtually Brevet General) John Gross Barnard of the Army for making flank attacks upon an enemy’s columns Corps of Engineers assumed leadership of the city’s assaulting our lines between it and Fort Craig, or defenseless and surrounded by hostile Virginia and Maryland.