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Larval Dispersal Behaviour and Survival on Non-Prey Food of The
Ecological Entomology (2018), 43, 578–590 DOI: 10.1111/een.12636 Dealing with food shortage: larval dispersal behaviour and survival on non-prey food of the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus ILKA VOSTEEN,∗ JONATHAN GERSHENZON and GRIT KUNERT Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany Abstract. 1. Predatory larvae often have to face food shortages during their develop- ment, and thus the ability to disperse and find new feeding sites is crucial for survival. However, the dispersal capacity of predatory larvae, the host finding cues employed, and their use of alternative food sources are largely unknown. These aspects of the foraging behaviour of the aphidophagous hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus De Geer) larvae were investigated in the present study. 2. It was shown that these hoverfly larvae do not leave a plant as long as there are aphids available, but that dispersing larvae are able to find other aphid colonies in the field. Dispersing hoverfly larvae accumulated on large aphid colonies, but did not distinguish between different pea aphid race–plant species combinations. Large aphid colonies might be easier to detect because of intensified searching by hoverfly larvae following the encounter of aphid cues like honeydew that accumulate around large colonies. 3. It was further shown that non-prey food, such as diluted honey or pollen, was insufficient for hoverfly larvae to gain weight, but prolonged the survival of thelarvae compared with unfed individuals. As soon as larvae were switched back to an aphid diet, they rapidly gained weight and some pupated after a few days. Although pupation and adult hatching rates were strongly reduced compared with hoverflies continuously fed with aphids, the consumption of non-prey food most probably increases the probability that hoverfly larvae find an aphid colony and complete their development. -
Hoverflies of Assam (Diptera: Syrphidae): New JEZS 2019; 7(4): 965-969 © 2019 JEZS Records and Their Diversity Received: 10-05-2019 Accepted: 12-06-2019
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(4): 965-969 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Hoverflies of Assam (Diptera: Syrphidae): New JEZS 2019; 7(4): 965-969 © 2019 JEZS records and their diversity Received: 10-05-2019 Accepted: 12-06-2019 Rojeet Thangjam Rojeet Thangjam, Veronica Kadam, Kennedy Ningthoujam and Mareena College of Agriculture, Central Sorokhaibam Agricultural University, Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India Abstract Veronica Kadam Hoverflies, generally known as Syrphid flies belongs to family Syrphidae, which is one of the largest College of Post Graduate Studies families of order Diptera. The adults use to feed on nectar and pollen of many flowering plants and larval in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam stages of some species are predaceous to homopteran insects. The objective of the present investigation (CAU-Imphal) Meghalaya, India was focused on the assessment of the diversity and abundance of hoverfly at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during 2015-16. A total of 225 individual hoverflies were recorded during the Kennedy Ningthoujam study out of which 23 species belonging to 16 genera under 2 sub-families viz., Eristalinae and Syrphinae College of Post Graduate Studies were observed. Among them, ten species viz., Eristalinus tristriatus, Eristalis tenax, Eristalodes paria, in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam (CAU-Imphal) Meghalaya, India Lathyrophthalmus arvorum, Lathyrophthalmus megacephalus, Lathyrophthalmus obliquus, Phytomia errans, Pandasyopthalmus rufocinctus, Metasyrphus bucculatus and Sphaerophoria macrogaster were Mareena Sorokhaibam newly recorded from Assam. Among the species, Episyrphus viridaureus and Lathyrophthalmus College of Agriculture, Central arvorum were found to be the most abundant species with the relative abundance of 16.89 and 10.22% Agricultural University, Imphal, respectively. -
The Insect Database in Dokdo, Korea: an Updated Version in 2020
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62011 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e62011 Data Paper The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020 Jihun Ryu‡,§, Young-Kun Kim |, Sang Jae Suh|, Kwang Shik Choi‡,§,¶ ‡ School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea § Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea ¶ Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea Corresponding author: Kwang Shik Choi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Paulo Borges Received: 14 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 20 Jan 2021 | Published: 26 Jan 2021 Citation: Ryu J, Kim Y-K, Suh SJ, Choi KS (2021) The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62011. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62011 Abstract Background Dokdo, a group of islands near the East Coast of South Korea, comprises 89 small islands. These volcanic islands were created by an eruption that also led to the formation of the Ulleungdo Islands (located in the East Sea), which are approximately 87.525 km away from Dokdo. Dokdo is important for geopolitical reasons; however, because of certain barriers to investigation, such as weather and time constraints, knowledge of its insect fauna is limited compared to that of Ulleungdo. Until 2017, insect fauna on Dokdo included 10 orders, 74 families, 165 species and 23 undetermined species; subsequently, from 2018 to 2019, we discovered 23 previously unrecorded species and three undetermined species via an insect survey. -
If You Plant It, They Will Come: Quantifying Attractiveness of Crop Plants for Winter-Active Flower Visitors in Community Gardens --Manuscript Draft
Urban Ecosystems If you plant it, they will come: quantifying attractiveness of crop plants for winter-active flower visitors in community gardens --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: UECO-D-19-00111 Full Title: If you plant it, they will come: quantifying attractiveness of crop plants for winter-active flower visitors in community gardens Article Type: Manuscript Keywords: winter pollination; urban conservation; visitor network; urban garden; urban ecology; pollinators; Syrphidae; Hymenoptera Corresponding Author: Tanya Latty University of Sydney Eveleigh, NSW AUSTRALIA Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: University of Sydney Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Perrin Tasker First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Perrin Tasker Chris Reid Andrew D. Young Caragh G Threlfall Tanya Latty Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: Abstract: Urban community gardens are potentially important sites for urban pollinator conservation because of their high density, diversity of flowering plants, and low pesticide use (relative to agricultural spaces). Selective planting of attractive crop plants is a simple and cost-effective strategy for attracting flower visitors to urban green spaces, however, there is limited empirical data about which plants are most attractive. Here, we identified key plant species that were important for supporting flower visitors using a network-based approach that combined metrics of flower visitor abundance and diversity on different crop species. We included a metric of ‘popularity’ which assessed how frequently a particular crop plant appeared within community garden. We also determined the impact of garden characteristics such as size, flower species richness, and flower species density on the abundance and diversity of flower visitors. -
Syrphid Aphidophagous Predators in a Food-Web Context
REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 325–333, 2005 ISSN 1210-5759 Syrphid aphidophagous predators in a food-web context FRANCIS GILBERT School of Biology, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Syrphidae, hoverfly, predator, community, emergent properties, specialisation, holism Abstract. The main influences on the specificity of hoverfly larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae) to particular aphids are outlined. There are four main ones: aphid species, host plant, parasitoid impact and the presence of ants. Studies in the literature are used to illustrate the effect of these factors on larval performance. The use of single components of fitness as measures of performance can be misleading: only “individual fitness” includes all the appropriate components of survival, development time and reproduction. Even generalists appear to choose among aphids on the basis of expected fitness. A new level of complexity is therefore required in studies of food specificity in predatory syrphids. INTRODUCTION their prey, or whether we require a larger scale, food-web In an essay of dazzling scope, Simberloff (1980) pin- approach. pointed the major problem of ecology as one of levels of Most insects are rather specific when choosing their organisation, of hierarchy in the natural world. Above the food (Schoonhoven et al., 1998), including predators level of the individual, there are at least four more layers (Hodek, 1993), and even generalist predators display a in a hierarchically ordered Nature, namely the population, hierarchy of preferences for different hosts (Sadeghi & the species, the community, and the ecosystem. Pace eco- Gilbert, 1999, 2000a). What determines whether any par- system ecologists, Simberloff argued that there are no ticular insect will feed on any particular food? The idea of properties of communities or ecosystems that cannot be an interactive community suggests that the answer to this understood by a study of individual component species. -
Predatory Hoverflies Increase Oviposition In
Accepted Manuscript Title: Predatory hoverflies increase oviposition in response to colour stimuli offering no reward: implications for biological control Author: R.L. Day J.M. Hickman R.I. Sprague S.D. Wratten PII: S1439-1791(15)00082-1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.05.004 Reference: BAAE 50891 To appear in: Received date: 15-6-2014 Revised date: 14-5-2015 Accepted date: 18-5-2015 Please cite this article as: Day, R. L., Hickman, J. M., Sprague, R. I., and Wratten, S. D.,Predatory hoverflies increase oviposition in response to colour stimuli offering no reward: implications for biological control, Basic and Applied Ecology (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2015.05.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Title: Predatory hoverflies increase oviposition in response to colour stimuli offering no 2 reward: implications for biological control 3 a a b b* 4 Author names and affiliations: R. L. Day , J.M. Hickman , R.I. Sprague and S.D. Wratten 5 a 6 Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences 7 Building 85/3007, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 8 b 9 Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand 10 11 12 13 Abstract: There are increasing efforts worldwide to engineer agroecosystems to enhance ecosystem 14 services such as carbon storage, minimisation of erosion, and biological control of pests. -
Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) Accepted: 22-10-2016
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 381-396 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(6): 381-396 An Updated Distributional Account of Indian © 2016 JEZS Received: 21-09-2016 Hover flies (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) Accepted: 22-10-2016 Jayita Sengupta Jayita Sengupta, Atanu Naskar, Aniruddha Maity, Surajit Hazra, Emon Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, Head Quarters, M Block, New Mukhopadhyay, Dhriti Banerjee and Shyamasree Ghosh Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Atanu Naskar Abstract Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of Syrphid flies frequently called as Hover flies established as effectual pollinators of plants. They exhibit a India, Head Quarters, M Block, New substantial morphological assortment within the family. To comprehend their diversity, a few isolated Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India studies have so far been carried out in eastern and western Himalayas. This current paper includes a Aniruddha Maity complete distributional scenario of Syrphidae recorded from India, an updated checklist consisting of Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of altogether 69 Genera and 355 species along with their distributional array within the country have been India, Head Quarters, M Block, New reported here, however some species which were reported in earlier literature but due to lack of proper Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India literature documentation they has not been documented in this current and updated checklist, namely, Surajit Hazra Syrphus agraensis Nayar & Nayar 1965, Scavea lunata (Wiedemann, 1830). In this present investigation Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of the latest synonimisation and sub genus status as well the current nomenclature pattern has been taken India, Head Quarters, M Block, New into account. -
Systematics of Lower Cyclorrhaphan Diptera, with an Emphasis on Syrphidae
Systematics of lower Cyclorrhaphan Diptera, with an emphasis on Syrphidae by Andrew Young A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2018 Andrew Young Abstract This doctoral thesis is presented in three chapters. The first chapter is a phylogenetic analysis of the lower Cyclorrhaphan (Insecta: Diptera) families of Diptera. These families form a paraphyletic grade, and have been a long-standing problematic assemblage of the Dipteran tree of life. We attempted to bring resolution to this assemblage of families using a combination of transcriptomic and anchored hybrid enrichment data from 43 ingroup taxa. Results were largely concordant with existing molecular phylogenetic efforts, but Lonchopteridae remains problematic to place. The second chapter of the thesis is a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of a single lower Cyclorrhaphan family, the Syrphidae. This chapter has also been published as an open-access paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology. Subfamilial boundaries within Syrphidae are a known problem, and there has been little consensus on how to treat the paraphyletic subfamily Eristalinae. We used a novel anchored hybrid enrichment probe kit to produce a 30 species phylogeny of Syrphidae with strong support values across the entire tree. As expected, a paraphyletic Eristalinae was recovered. Our sampling was not rigorous enough to produce a stable revised classification, but we hope this chapter will act as a starting point for a future reclassification of the subfamily. This chapter has been published as an open-access paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology. -
51. Family SYRPHIDAE
Thompson, F. C. Exhibit 2 A, #111 437 51. Family SYRPHIDAE By F. Christian Thompson & J.R. Vockeroth Adults of the family Syrphidae, commonly In some agroecosystems (orchards), they out-per- called flower or hover flies, are rather con- form native bees in pollinating crops. Larvae of the spicuous. Their size ranges from 4 mm to over 25 subfamily Syrphinae are important predators of mm and their coloration from bright yellow or many pests such as aphids, scales, thrips, and cater- orange to dull dark black or gray with a few irides- pillars and are rivaled only by lady-bird beetles cent forms. Many syrphid flies are Batesian mimics (coccinellids) and lacewings (chrysopids) as of stinging Hymenoptera. Flower flies, as their predators useful for biological control. Some name implies, are abundant on flowers, which are flower flies, however, are detrimental. Larvae of a used as mating sites and energy sources. Only the few species (Merodon, Eumerus) attack bulbs and microdontines are not found associated with tubers of ornamentals and vegetables. Finally, a flowers, but rather with their ant hosts. few species have been recorded as causing acciden- Immature stages are found in a diverse array tal myiasis in man. of habitats. Larvae of the subfamily Microdontinae Flower flies are abundant everywhere except are inquilines in ants' nests. Those of Syrphinae in arid areas of the Old World and in the extreme are predaceous on soft-bodied arthropods, al- southern latitudes. Although flower flies range to though some may occasionally be scavengers. high latitudes in the north, they are absent from Those of Eristalinae can be predaceous (Pipizini), subantarctic islands and Antarctica. -
Diptera, Syrphidae), with a Description of a New Species
European Journal of Taxonomy 635: 1–17 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.635 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Mengual X. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AACC0A19-AB11-42E7-9ADA-8BBFB0B656DF The genus Afrosyrphus Curran (Diptera, Syrphidae), with a description of a new species Ximo MENGUAL 1,*, Axel SSYMANK 2, Jeff rey H. SKEVINGTON 3, Menno REEMER 4 & Gunilla STÅHLS 5 1,2 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. 2 Falkenweg 6, 53343 Wachtberg, Germany. 3 Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada. 3 Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada. 4 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. 5 Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology unit, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: gunilla.stahls@helsinki.fi 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A509310D-B567-4830-B8A4-BCB139BB8768 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:58B9D453-586C-4B08-BAD6-BCC606E3D654 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7731BE76-3A89-4F55-8362-07CBE2F99136 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:9086F7C0-622F-4E5F-BDEB-14E71A027BEE 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D19B1262-503A-48E2-91AE-F99D0F2EA3A3 Abstract. -
HOVERFLY NEWSLETTER Dipterists
HOVERFLY NUMBER 40 NEWSLETTER AUTUMN 2005 Dipterists Forum ISSN 1358-5029 As Roger Morris states in his article below (Notes and Observations for 2005) many entomologists have reported that hoverflies seem to be in short supply this summer. I can recall similar comments from several collectors in both 2003 and 2004, so to date this year seems to be the third disappointing year in succession. However I have found this year to have been slightly better than either of the previous two; although hoverflies have been in short supply, the range of species I have recorded has been encouraging, though I certainly cannot claim 2005 as a highly successful year; nevertheless, at the opposite end of Gloucestershire from where I am writing, in the Forest of Dean, John Phillips has found several county rarities (see Interesting Recent Records). Hoverflies may be scarce this year, however I can confidently predict that hoverfly experts and enthusiasts from many countries will be present in large numbers in Leiden in September, where the Third International Symposium on the Syrphidae will take place. The Symposium will probably have already taken place by the time readers receive this newsletter, and a review should appear in the next issue. The last newsletter included a notice of a new book on the hoverflies of north- west Europe, written in English, by Mark van Veen. The book is reviewed in this issue by Martin Speight. Copy for Hoverfly Newsletter No. 41 (which is expected to be issued with the Spring 2006 Dipterists Forum Bulletin) should be sent to me: David Iliff, Green Willows, Station Road, Woodmancote, Cheltenham, Glos, GL52 9HN, (telephone 01242 674398), email: [email protected], to reach me by 20 December. -
Title Flowering Phenology and Anthophilous Insect Community in a Grassland Ecosystem at Mt. Yufu, Western Japan Author(S)
Flowering Phenology and Anthophilous Insect Community in a Title Grassland Ecosystem at Mt. Yufu, Western Japan Author(s) YAMAZAKI, Kyoko; KATO, Makoto Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto Citation University (2003), 29(3): 255 Issue Date 2003-04-21 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/156407 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Contr. biot. Lab. Kyoto Univ., Vol. 29, pp. 255-3 18, pl. 4-5 Issued 21 April 2003 Flowering Phenology and Anthophilous Insect Community in a Grassland Ecosystem at Mt. Yufu, Western Japan Kyoko YAMAZAKI and Makoto KATO Graduate School of Human and Environmenta1 Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan ABSTRACT The hillsides of Mt, Yufu, located in Kyusyu, Japan, is a dormant yolcano, are coyered with natural and semi-natural grasslands; the latter of which are maintained by traditional mowing and burning. Both the natura1 and semi-natura1 grasslands are inhabited by many grassland-specific plant species, some of which are now endangered in Japan. To understand pollination mutualisms in the grassland ecosystem, we investigated the flowering phenology and anthophilous insect communities on 149 plant species from 49 different plant families, from April to October 2001. In tota1, 1192 individuals from 308 species, 83 families and 10 orders of Insecta were observed on flowers of 101 plant species. The most abundant insect order was Hymenoptera (37.89o of individuals), followed by Diptera (32.59o), Coleoptera (22.79o) and Lepidoptera (6.29o), The proportions of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were respectively smaller and greater than in forested habitats, suggesting that many anthophilous beetles depend on woody plants during their larval stages and that anthophilous butterflies (especially Nymphalidae) are associated with grassland-specific perennials (especially Viola spp.) in their larval stages.