CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 年 报 Annual Report 2008
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Contents
Message from the President 1
Key Statistical Data 4
Strategic Planning 14
Academic Divisions 16
Scientific Research Development 21
Awards and Honors 50
Supporting Conditions 57
Human Resource 65
International Cooperation 68
Domestic Cooperation 72
High-tech Industry 75
Science Popularization 76
Appendix: Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions 77
Cover Picture: CAS Member,WuZhengyi, Winner of the National Supreme Science and Technology Award in 2007
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Message from the President
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences, the supreme scientific and technological advisory body, and the comprehensive research center in natural sciences and high-tech development. It has always been committed, as its historical mission, to providing scientific knowledge, technical support and driving force for sustaining China’s economic prosperity, social harmony, national security and the well-beings of the people.
With both new challenges and new opportunities emerging in 2007, CAS held firmly to aiming at the national strategic demands and the world Prof. Lu Yongxiang Member of CAS science frontiers, fostering the value of dedicating Member of CAE to the nation and making innovation for the people, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,P.R.China optimizing the scientific and technological layout, President of CAS arranging the research projects with a forward-looking perspective, initiating and conducting the major scientific and technological programs at the national, local or industrial level, promoting the construction of research facilities and platforms, strengthening opening up and cooperation, enhancing the build up of innovative research teams, raising innovation capacity, and promoting technology transfer, thus making coordinated development within all the Academy.
In 2007, major research progress was made in the following areas: the ground application system of China’s first lunar probe project, satellite communications payload subsystem and VLBI orbit determination subsystem were fully accomplished; the air quality monitoring system for the area around Olympic central venue was established; Longxin 2F high-performance general-purpose processor chip was successfully developed; over 7KW high-power all-solid-state laser was achieved; breakthrough was made in the key technology for industrialization of biodegradable plastics;
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achievement was made in the application of polythiophene molecule was discovered; the large-scale visible cast-forging technologies; color-adjustable quantum-dot light-emitting long-period pressurization test was devices were developed; the Experimental accomplished for 3.0Mpa semi-industrialized Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized bed passed the national acceptance review; coal gasification technology; the fossil of remarkable progress was made in the upgrade gigantic bird-like dinosaur (Gigantoraptor project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider erlianensis) that lived 80 million years ago Project (BEPCII) and the Large Sky Area was first discovered and listed as one of the Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope world’s top 10 scientific discoveries in 2007 Project (LAMOST) as well; the construction by the US journal Times; CAS proposal on of the Cooling Storage Ring of Heavy Ion national functional zoning and its relevant Research Accelerator Facility in Lanzhou indicator system were adopted by the central (HIRFL-CSR) was fully completed; and the government, and Scheme for Division Of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Main Functional Zones in China (draft) was Project (SSRF) successfully achieved 30 billion formulated; several important mechanisms eV electron beam storage with the first wisp of synchrotron radiation light observed. such as development of nervous system and behavioral choice were revealed; a number In 2007, the Academic Divisions elected 29 of potential drug modulation targets were outstanding scientists as new CAS Members, discovered in research on the mechanism bringing new vitality to the CAS membership. of some fatal diseases such as diabetes and CAS and the Presidium of its Academic autoimmune diseases; achievements were Divisions jointly released Statement on the made in research, application and transfer of Notion of Science, expressing CAS notion of biotechnologies such as the new wheat variety science in terms of its value, spirit, moral code “199” with high yield and wide adaptability and social responsibility etc. The Academic and virus-insect pesticides; amorphous alloy Divisions in line with China’s major scientific with good compression plastic properties and technological demands in energy, resource, and high strength under ambient temperature ecology, environment, population health and was developed; “Schrodinger Cat” state with national security, carried out strategic research the higher entangled photon number in the and consultation in an effort to bring into world was realized and can be used directly full play of its role as the national scientific for “cluster state” of quantum computation; think tank, and provided a number of advisory advanced invariant theoretical system of reports to the national decision-makers. In classical geometry was established; adsorption addition, science popularization and science structure diversity and transformation rule for ethical construction were further strengthened.
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In 2007, CAS launched CAS Plan for component of the world scientific community International Cooperation (2006-2010), set up as well. This Annual Report 2008 is to brief CAS International Science and Technology all the general readers of what we did last Cooperation Award, further promoted its year, in the hope that it will help bring more science and technology cooperation with its of our friends closer to the Academy, have a counterparts worldwide, and initiated a number better understanding of the Academy, and give of major international cooperation projects, their due support to the Academy. Taking this thus its international science and technology opportunity, I would like to express my sincere cooperation was further enhanced. gratitude to all our friends both at home and abroad who have cared and supported CAS in CAS is the academy of the whole Chinese its development for a long time. scientists and people, and an important
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Key Statistical Data
CAS Members At the end of 2007, there were 709 CAS members, including 41 female members, 135 from Division of Mathematics and Physics, 124 from Division of Chemistry, 129 from Division of Life Sciences and Medical Sciences, 117 from Division of Earth Sciences, 80 from Division of Information Technological Sciences, 124 from Division of Technological Sciences, and 53 foreign members.
CAS Members, by Academic Division and Year of Election
Division of Division of Division of Division Life Sciences Division Information Division of Total Mathematics of and Medical of Earth Technological Technological and Physics Chemistry Sciences Sciences Sciences Sciences
Total 1108 198 182 240 196 7 285
1955 172 30 22 60 24 36 1957 18 6 2 5 3 2 1980 283 51 51 53 64 64 1991 210 38 35 34 35 68 1993 59 10 10 11 10 18 1995 59 10 9 12 10 18 1997 58 9 10 12 10 17 1999 55 10 8 11 10 16 2001 56 10 10 12 9 15 2003 58 10 10 11 10 17 2005 51 8 9 12 7 6 9 2007 29 6 6 7 4 1 5
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Present CAS Members, by Proportion of Academic Division
Division of Mathematics and Physics
19.0% Division of Chemistry 17.5% 17.5% Division of Life Sciences and Medical Sciences 18.2% Division of Earth Sciences 11.3% 16.5% Division of Information Technological Sciences
Division of Technological Sciences
CAS Organizational Structure
President (Executive President of Presidium of the Academy)
Vice Presidents Secretary-General, Deputy Secretary-General Presidium of the Academy
Executive Committee of the Academic Management Presidium
Bureau of Basic Research Special Committee Bureau of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Bureau of Science and Technology for Consultation and Evaluation Resources and Environment Committee Bureau of CAS Members Committee of Scientific Bureau of High-Tech Research and Ethics Development Committee of Scientific Bureau of Domestic Cooperation Popularization and Publication Research Integrated Management Academic Divisions Institutes Division of Mathematics and General Office Physics Educational Bureau of Stratagy and Planning Institutions Division of Chemistry Bureau of Planning and Finance Division of Life Sciences and Bureau of Personnel and Education Supporting Medical Sciences Organizations Bureau of Capital Construction Division of Earth Sciences Bureau of International Cooperation Division of Information CAS Invested Party Committee of Beijing District Technological Sciences Holding Bureau of Supervision and Auditing Division of Technological Enterprises Bureau of Veteran Cadres Sciences
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Organizations
There were 116 institutions directly under CAS, including 91 research institutes (including 3 botanical gardens); 10 universities & supporting organizations (including 2 universities , 2 supporting organizations, 4 documentation and information units, 2 publication units); 12 management organizations that consists of the CAS headquarters and CAS branches; 3 other units.There were 20 legal entities affiliated to CAS institutions.
There were 22 CAS invested holding enterprises. Distribution of CAS Institutions
CAS Branch CAS Headquarters, Academic Divisions, Research Institutes: 3 CAS Branch Research Institutes: 37 Graduate University of CAS: 1 CAS Branch Supporting Organization: 3 Research Institutes: 3 Publication Department: 1 CAS Invested Holding Enterprises: 2 CAS Branch CAS Invested Holding Enterprises: 12 Research Institutes:2 Others: 1 ★Changchun Urumqi★ Research Institute: 1 Research Institute: 1
★Shenyang Research Institute: 1 Others: 1 ★ ★Dalian Beijing ★Taiyuan CAS Branch Research Institutes:2 Research Institutes: 4 Xining★ ★Qingdao ★Lanzhou CAS Invested Holding Enterprises: 1 CAS Branch CAS Branch Research Institutes:3 ★Xian Nanjing Research Institutes: 9 Hefei★ ★ ★Shanghai Research Institutes: 1 CAS Branch University:1 Research Institutes:2 Wuhan★ Supporting Department:1 ★Chengdu ★Lushan ★Changsha ★Fuzhou Others: 1 CAS Branch ★Guiyang Research Institutes:3 Institutes: 1 Supporting Organization:1 ★Kunming Research CAS invested holding enterprises:3 ★Guangzhou ★Xishuangbanna
CAS Branch Research Institutes:2 CAS Branch CAS Branch Research Institutes: 6 Research Institutes:1 Research Institutes: 5 Supporting Organization: 1 Research Institutes:1 Research Institutes:1 CAS Invested Holding Enterprises: 2
Classification of Institution Regular Staff
Senior Professional & technical staff 30.1% 28.1% Intermediate professional & technical staff Junior professional & technical staff 14.3% 15.6% Administrative staff 11.9% Workers
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Institution Regular Staff At the end of 2007, CAS had 54,500 regular staff. Among them, female staff amounted to 17,700, accounting for 32.5% and equal to that of previous year. Professional personnel amounted to 40,200, accounting for 73.8% of regular staff, including 16,400 associate professor or equivalent and full professor (full professor amounted to 6,400) and 15,300 middle-level professional personnel, accounting for 40.8 %(16.0%) and 38.1% of professional personnel respectively; Management personnel amounted to 6,500, accounting for 11.9% of regular staff; Workers amounted to 7,800, accounting for 14.3% of regular staff; Personnel with PhD degree account for 18.6% of regular staff. Personnel with Master degree account for 14.0%. Personnel under 30 years old account for 19.2% with the highest proportion. Personnel with age 40-44 are the next, account for 18.0%. Followed by personnel with age between 30-34 and 50-54, they account for 14.2% and 14.0% respectively.
Proportion of Regular Staff by Academic Degree and Schooling
Person (ten thousand) Proportion in Regular Staff (%)
Ph.D. 1.01 18.6
Degree M.S. 0.76 14.0
B.S. 0.74 13.6
Postgraduates 1.82 33.4
University graduates 1.23 22.6
Schooling Specialized higher school graduates 0.64 11.7
Specialized seconary school graduates 0.15 2.8
Others 1.60 29.4
Total Income and Expenditure of CAS Institutes Total income of institutes reached RMB18.609 billion, 27.9% increase over previous year, in which income from fiscal subsidy increased 18.7%. The ratio of national financial appropriation to the fund obtained from external competition was 52:48. Total expenditure of institutes reached RMB15.748 billion, with 20.2% increase over previous year, and expenditure on equipment increased 21.7% over previous year.
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Total Income and Expenditure of CAS Institutes Unit: RMB 100 million Increase (%) Total Increase (%) Financial compared Total Increase (%) Year income compared with subsidiary with previous expenditure compared with previous year income year previous year 1998 49.36 20.7 27.36 65.1 36.71 0.7
1999 54.52 10.5 31.07 13.9 42.62 16.1
2000 71.38 30.9 36.64 17.9 57.25 34.3
2001 80.61 12.9 42.79 16.8 69.69 21.7
2002 100.74 25.0 58.85 37.5 87.74 25.9
2003 97.78 -2.9 53.44 -9.2 99.10 13.0
2004 122.16 24.9 69.83 30.7 111.53 12.5
2005 127.52 4.4 65.01 -6.9 124.18 11.3
2006 145.52 14.1 81.33 25.1 131.05 5.5
2007 186.09 27.9 96.51 18.7 157.48 20.2
Note: 1. This table is based on the specifications for CAS final financial accounts(excluding capital construction & education income) 2. Since 1997, the “financial system for scientific institutes” issued by the state has been implemented.
R&D Expenditure of CAS Scientific Research Institutes Unit: RMB 100 million Basic Applied Experimental R&D expenditure growth compared Year Total research % of total research % of total development % of total with that of previous year 1998 27.33 8.66 31.7 14.84 54.3 3.83 14.0 10.5 1999 31.24 10.62 34.0 16.81 53.8 3.81 12.2 14.3 2000 40.28 14.82 36.8 21.70 53.9 3.76 9.3 28.9 2001 53.60 21.35 39.8 28.05 52.3 4.20 7.9 33.1 2002 78.08 29.20 37.4 43.33 55.5 5.55 7.1 45.7 2003 82.84 29.99 36.2 46.86 56.6 5.99 7.2 6.1 2004 93.20 33.53 36.0 53.39 57.3 6.28 6.7 12.5 2005 106.57 36.55 34.3 62.24 58.4 7.78 7.3 14.3 2006 109.87 40.98 37.3 58.12 52.9 10.77 9.8 3.1 2007 125.44 41.40 33.0 71.50 57.0 12.54 10.0 14.2
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R&D Activities Expenditure used by research institutes for scientific research and experimental development activities increased continuously,reaching RMB12.544bn (including RMB1.504bn expenditure for capital construction of scientific research), of which the expenditures for basic research, application research and experimental development accounted for 33.0%, 57.0% and 10.0% respectively. 44,300 persons-year were engaged in scientific research and experimental development activities (R&D personnel) (including the staff from institutes and temporal personnel, scientific management personnel and technical service personnel for R&D programs), increased by 13.8%. Among them, scientists and engineers amounted to 37,000, accounting for 83.5% of R&D personnel. At the end of 2007, 17,700 research projects were underway in scientific research institutes, increased 3,300 over previous year, including 6,200 initiated in 2007 and 3,800 completed in 2007. The expenditure for research projects was RMB7.473bn, accounting for 64.0% of scientific research expenditure. In 2007, average expenditure for each project was RMB422,000. Personnel engaged in scientific research programs amounted to 40,300 persons-year, increased 15.8% over previous year. Of them 19,000 was staff from institutes, increased 11.8% and 21,300 was temporary personnel, increased 26.0%. Personnel engaged in each research project was 2.28 person-year on the average. The average expenditure for each project was RMB185,500. At the end of 2007, 19,200 research projects were underway in CAS, the expenditure on research projects was RMB7.716bn, increased by 3.8% over previous year. Personnel engaged in scientific research projects amounted to 35,700 person-year. Of them, the staff from institutes increased 1.6% over 2006, temporary personnel increased 6.9%.
R&D Expenditure Growth Tendency
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Research Projects in CAS
Expenditure on research Staff devoted to projects Projects projects (100 million RMB) (person-year) Regular staff Temporary staff Total 19189 77.16 19817 21596 Research institutes(91) 17699 74.73 19035 21248 Educational and public supporting 1490 2.43 782 348 institutions(10) Note: graduate students,Post Doc., visiting and employed staff from outside were included in treporary staff devoted into projects.
Research Papers, Patents and Achievements Both quantity and quality of research papers were on the rise. In 2007, three major international searching tools were used to search the papers published in 2006, and the result showed that 22581 research papers with CAS scientific personnel as the first author were catalogued by the three major international searching systems, increased 324 over 2005. Among them, 12,392 papers were catalogued by SCI (extended version), up 3.7% over 2005; 7,419 papers were catalogued by EI, decrease 288 over 2005; 2,770 papers were catalogued by ISTP, up 6.6% over 2005.
Growth Tendency of Paper Publication
Source: Center for Information Analysis, Institute of S&T Information of China Note:1. “Catalogued by major international indexes” includes those papers catalogued by SCI,EI,ISTP 2. Searched SCI paper has changed from CD version to SCIE extended version since 1999 3. Only papers with CAS scientific personnel as the first author were counted 10 Key Statistical Data CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
In 2006,17,620 papers were cited by SCI (CD version), up 17.1%, and the cited frequency was 51,926 (SCI recorded the citation of the papers written by CAS personnel during 2001-2005), increased by 23.8% over 2005. The cited frequency of papers in CAS was 2.95, higher than the cited frequency 2.67 for papers in China.
13,885 papers written by CAS scientific personnel were published by 1,723 domestic journals in 2006, increased 59 over 2005.
Publication and Citation of Research Papers
National total CAS Catalogued Year Catalogued Publication SCI cited Publication by major internationally by major in domestic international SCI in domestic international journals indexes paper journals indexes (article) (article) (article) (article) (times) (article)
1998 24038 133341 5478 3277 3815 7534 8593
1999 38924 162779 8249 5376 4250 8582 9526
2000 41895 180848 9186 6063 5219 11046 10299
2001 49817 203239 10165 6725 6135 13658 11022
2002 62715 240117 11740 7611 7756 17624 11181
2003 80562 274438 14516 8632 9772 24746 12169
2004 95774 311737 15738 9500 9860 24746 12790
2005 152825 355070 22257 11952 15053 41934 13826
2006 171748 404858 22581 12392 17620 51926 13885
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The number of patent applications was increasing continuously. In 2007, CAS applied for 4,424 patents, including 85 foreign patent applications, up 11.3% over previous year. Domestic invention patent applications amounted to 3,907, up 11.3%; utility model patent applications amounted to 426; exterior design patent amounted to 6.
A total of 2,197 patent licenses were granted in 2007, including 18 foreign patent licenses, and total number of patent licenses increased by 4.1% over previous year. Domestic invention patent licenses amounted to 1,659, utility model patent licenses 508 and exterior design patent licenses 12.
Number of Patents Applied and Granted in China
Applied Granted Year Utility Exterior Utility Exterior Total Invention Total Invention model design model design
1998 1059 694 346 19 264 76 176 12
1999 1127 775 340 12 472 108 360 4
2000 1701 1218 468 15 802 442 352 8
2001 2010 1526 477 7 920 455 453 12
2002 2523 2002 502 19 1001 583 413 5
2003 3210 2617 578 15 1522 1055 450 17
2004 3546 2944 567 35 2034 1484 521 29
2005 3899 3328 492 79 1948 1498 429 21
2006 4008 3510 487 11 2098 1536 517 45
2007 4339 3907 426 6 2179 1659 508 12
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Number of Patents Applied and Granted in China
Applications Granted Number Of which: invention 4424 4008 3907 3899 3510
Unit: piece 3546 3328 4600 2197 2944 3210 2098 4000 1659 2617 3500 1948 1536 2523 3000 2034 1498 2002 1484
2500 2010 1522 2000 1526 1055 1701 1500 1001 1218 1000 920 588
500 802 2007 455 0 2006 442 2005 Patent application 2004 2003 2002 Patent grant 2001 2000 Year
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Prof. Lu Yongxiang, President of CAS, delivered an important speech at the 2nd Symposium on Establishment of Strategic Research System.
Strategic Planning
Forward-looking Strategic Planning of scientific disciplines and research areas for the Development of CAS and human resource management, and reform on system and mechanism; enhancing core In 2007, CAS has organized staff to concentrate competitiveness of research institutes; setting on strategic research and activate and deploy “the up concentrated innovation goal and vision; 12th Five-year Plan” studies with far-sighted establishing new development-oriented views on the frontiers of science in the world mechanism for self-adjustment of research and new challenges in technology innovation fields, dynamic optimization of intellectual required by China’s modernization drive and team; strengthening cooperation with other scientific advancement, giving emphasis to the organizations within the national innovational research of key scientific and technological fields system; improving resources allocation and with regard to China’s future development. research assessment system; seeking for new systems and development modes suitable for Comprehensive Reform different types of research institutes, regional Experiment in Institutes characteristics and development situations, and The research institute is the basic organizational working up rules and scientific administration unit of scientific innovation activities in CAS. system for modern research institutes. Continued reform and development of the Development of all research institutes in CAS research institutes will serve to be the foundation will be fostered through setting examples, giving and key to build a reformative, innovative, classified instructions, and pushing forward harmonious and progressive CAS. With focus on in order. Experiments will last two years, systematic and integral reform as well as on key- ending with experience summary to identify point breakthrough and typical demonstration, the adaptability to other research institutes and comprehensive reform experiments in selected to perfect policies and systems for classified institutes were implemented in CAS in 2007. management of research institutes in CAS.
The purpose of the comprehensive reform Upon comprehensive consideration of typicality, experiment is to put into effect the policies and demonstration nature and development status of measures related with building a reformative, all the research institutes, the experiment will innovative, harmonious and progressive CAS be conducted in 7 selected institutes such as in research institutes; focusing on restructuring Institute of Computing Technology, Institute of
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High Energy Physics, Institute of Microbiology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics.
Experimental programs have been established, and the goal, assignment and reform measures have been defined on the basis of thorough investigation and extensive consultation. For fulfilling the experimental programs, academic leading group headed by CAS main Prof. Bai Chunli (fouth left), Executive Vice President of CAS, inspected the pilot leader and institutional leading group have project for comprehensive reform of supporting facilities of Institute of Microbiology. been established. Four special study groups, including HR management, scientific research management mode, resource allocation and institutes and unify approval and management scientific evaluation, are also created to of development planning, the research system provide policy recommendations for effective of the medium and long-term developmental implementation of the experiments. program and its demonstration as well as review-approval procedures for newly-built Middle and Long Term Development institutes have been determined in CAS. Ningbo Planning and Management System Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Established in New Institutes finished its planning work, and its medium and In order to further strengthen the research on long-term development plan was successfully medium and long-term program for newly-built reviewed and approved.
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Academic Divisions
In 2007, under the leadership of the Presidium of the Academic Divisions, new CAS members and foreign members were successfully elected, and progress was made in consultations, reviews, academic exchanges, science popularization and the development of science ethics. The building of CAS membership was further strengthened.
Procedure Improved for New CAS election divisions and by the existing CAS Membership Election and New members, 287 prospective candidates were Members/Foreign Members For nominated for new CAS membership election in 2007 Elected Accordingly 2007. Through all the steps of correspondence evaluation, information publicity of prospective The electoral procedure of new CAS members candidates, processing of complaint letters, has been improved. Firstly, it is prescribed as well as fully-conducted discussion and in the Constitution for Members of Chinese review among CAS members organized by Academy of Sciences that in final election, the Standing Committees of the Academic “a candidate who has won affirmative votes in Divisions at the Review Meeting & Electoral excess of 1/2 of voters is elected” is replaced Conference, 29 new members were finally by “a candidate who has won affirmative elected. The average age of the newly-elected votes no less than 2/3 of voters is elected members is 53.7, being the minimum since in turn by affirmative votes in compliance 1991 when the election for new membership with added quota in the division”, and that was institutionalized; among them, 20 members foreign membership election will take place were under 60, taking 69% of the newly-elected in the same year as new membership election; CAS members. Meanwhile, 5 foreign members secondly, the scope of publicity process were newly elected through the procedure of is expanded in the Implementation Rules nomination, review and secret ballot. for New Membership Election of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which requires “the information on other prospective candidates of the same profession from outside CAS shall Consultations for Decision-Making be announced to the public along with that of Focused on National Needs the prospective candidates from inside CAS”; thirdly, the expiry date of accepting complaints In 2007, 47 consultations were organized and in the process of CAS membership selection delivered, including 27 new projects and 9 is extended; and finally, a grading system is major projects, involving nearly 100 CAS adopted in correspondence evaluation for members and 300 other experts. 14 consultation electing new CAS members to achieve accurate reports and 8 proposals raised by CAS members and objective evaluation of all candidates. were submitted to the State Council; among which, 8 reports/proposals attracted great Recommended by the corresponding primary attention from relevant state leaders and were
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adopted as important references for decision or policy-makers of the relevant authorities.
Cross-division and multi-disciplinary consultation projects carefully organized Aiming at sustainable development strategy of national energy resources, a series of consultation studies on energy resource issues were organized and conducted, laying emphasis on investigation and research on renewable energy resources to incorporate a consultation report Addressing the Challenges and Developing a Sustainable Energy System submitted to the State Council and released to the public. Engaged in study on CAS members conducted out spot inspection on the issue of sustainable Lighting the Way: Toward a Sustainable Energy development in Xinjiang. Future by InterAcademy Council (IAC), which was published simultaneously in Beijing as well as in several other countries and regions, the focus on joint studies on the development and Academic Divisions called on CAS members exploitation of renewable energy sources such and experts to hold a number of symposia and as solar, biomass and wind. forums, having positive effects in China. Consultations on the sustainable Consultation studies on scientific and development of China’s border regions technical issues in ecology and environment organized Following the research and human health further promoted accomplishments of Ecological Rebuilding Centering on such major problems as and Sustainable Development in Xinjiang environmental protection and construction, and Development & Strategic Research global change, environmental pollution on Edible Medicinal Plants in Xinjiang control, and reasonable exploration and Region, scientific consultation activities on utilization of water resources, the Academic sustainable development of Xinjiang Uygur Divisions have completed consultation studies Autonomous Region were launched on topic on nearly 10 important projects and thematic of Academic Survey on North and South reports on Strengthening the Development of Sides of Tianshan Mountains; investigation Universal Medical Instrument & Apparatus and and research were also implemented by Innovation on Precision Medical Instrument & nearly one hundred of CAS members and Apparatus. experts on sustainable development in Turpan and Shihezi areas; and upon request Joint consultation projects with foreign from Tibet Autonomous Region, more academies of sciences conducted A consultation than 20 CAS members and experts worked report on urban environment was accomplished together to provide consultation proposals for in cooperation with the U.S. National Academy construction scheme on a combined museum of Sciences (NAS) and the U.S. National of Tibet Natural History Museum, Science Academy of Engineering (NAE); further Museum and Exhibition Hall. cooperation with the two academies will
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The Leading and Exemplary Role China. The topic, intended by demonstration of CAS Members Put in Place to make investigations into the situations and to Promote the Development factors that have influenced academic ecology in China, put forward constructive measures and of Harmonious Academic suggestions for building academic ecology in Environment. China and scientific evaluation system suitable Special seminars on scientific morality and for academic ecology, being references for technical ethics held The seminars, designed scientific and education departments in China and for academic circles as well. for topics such as Basic Situation, Problems and Present Tasks of Scientific Morality and Ethics Construction in China, Build Harmonious Academic Ecology, Modern Technology Ethics: Tour Lectures and Technology Interaction between Scientific Practice and Forums Delivered by CAS Ethical Reconstruction, International Scientific Members & Experts Catering & Technical Ethical Norms and Cases and to Local Demands and Actual Strengthen Scientific Morality Construction and Conditions Proved Effective. Promote Healthy Development of Scientific Foundation, raised a number of innovative Tour lectures given by CAS members & experts ideas and proposals. Through deep discussion under the theme of Science & China became on scientific morality and technical ethics in increasingly influential In 2007, the tour lecture China, exchanges have been reinforced between delegation led by CAS members and experts under the theme of Science & China gave special lectures experts and related managerial departments, in central China on Strengthening Innovation and thereafter reaching agreement on building Building Harmonious Society, series of reports on harmonious academic environment. Strengthening the Army By Relying on Science and Technology, special tour lectures on Oil & Investigations on building academic ecology Gas Exploration in Shengli Oilfield, and series organized Investigations on Building Academic of reports on Commemoration of the Centennial Ecology in China, was launched to promote Birthday of CAS member Wang Ganchang. More the development of academic environment in than 50 CAS members and experts were invited in the year to give 62 lectures in Beijing, Shanghai, Shangdong, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Jiangsu to an audience over 40,000 people, exerting great social effects.
S&T Forum won public attention In 2007, forums were held in Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang on Silicon Material & its Applications, Photoelectrical Material & Devices, and S&T Education and Talent Cultivation. The In the lecturing tour of CAS members, Prof. Wang Yuan (left) donated his books to students. forums, based on knowledge accumulation of CAS members and experts, focused on
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S&T development and Partnerships between government, industry, university and research institute, discussed issues associated with S&T, education, national security and social- economic development in China, promoted the academic exchanges and consultation research of the Academic Divisions, and fostered deep discussions on important S&T issues of innovation and scientific planning for the regions and local enterprises.
Important Achievements in the Reform on Two Periodicals During the Science and Technology Forum CAS members visited high-tech enterprises Science in China and Chinese Science Bulletin are two comprehensive S&T periodicals, representing the highest academic level in S&T lay a solid foundation to reaching the academic fields in China. Upon decision made by the goals of the two periodicals; Long-range Executive Committee of Academic Division mechanism for CAS members involvement in Presidium based on the suggestions from development of periodicals was established the editors-in-chief and co-editors, the two to guarantee manuscripts quality and promote periodicals are run by the Academic Divisions. academic level; and Two Periodicals Council Under the leadership of the Popularization and was created to acquire extensive support from Publishing Committee of Academic Divisions, relevant departments. with the help of the Standing Committee of Academic Divisions and through effective organization and coordination of the Bureau of CAS Membership Affairs, preliminary Nomination and Evaluation of accomplishments have been made in reform Candidates for Tan Kah Kee on two periodicals. The Proposed Project Science Award Went Well of Reform on Two Periodicals was passed at the 10th session of 5th conference of the Under the leadership of the Tan Kah Kee Science Presidium of the Academic Divisions, stating Award Foundation Council, candidates for the clearly the principle and policy of reform on award of 2008 were nominated in March 2007 two periodicals; in order to push it forward, the in compliance with Regulations of Granting Tan Publication Committee approved Executive Kah Kee Science Award and Implementing Rules Plan for Promoting Reform on Two Periodicals for Regulations of Granting Tan Kah Kee Science to provide criterion for managerial system Award. The six awards comprise Mathematics reform; after the editor responsibility system & Physic Science Award (incl. math, physics, was implemented, the editors-in-chief for each mechanics and astronomy), Chemical Science volume of Science in China and for Chinese Award, Life Science Award (incl. biology, medical Science Bulletin were selected carefully so as to science and agronomy), Earth Science Award,
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Information Science Award and Engineering Science Award. Among 40 proposed projects and 45 candidates recommended, 15 qualified projects were selected after preliminary judgment by evaluation committees of different disciplines, and the qualifications had been sent out to 183 professionals at home and abroad for peer review.
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Scientific Research Development
Basic Science Research Very Long Baseline Interferometry Subsystem Completed for Chang’e-1 Lunar Exploration Tracking Task Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of CAS is responsible for the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) subsystem of the Chang’e-1(CE-1) lunar exploration tracking, telemetry and control (TT&C) system, and takes charge of the design, construction and operation of the subsystem. The VLBI subsystem consists of the Shanghai VLBI data processing and command center, four radio telescopes (observation station) located VLBI orbit determination subsystem in Shanghai, Beijing, Kunming, and Urumqi respectively. The data center and the four phases included the phase-modulation orbit, stations are connected to the data processing the earth-moon transfer orbit and the lunar center by a fiber link network. From Oct. 27 captured orbit. During this mission, VLBI to Nov. 8, 2007, the VLBI subsystem carried provided the probe delay, delay rate and the out the tracking mission perfectly. The mission angle position with very high precision to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), and it also took part in the near real-time orbit determination and prediction. Results show that VLBI has made an important contribution to CE-1 probe entering the predicted orbit smoothly and safely. At present, VLBI system still undertakes the lunar orbit tracking mission.
Optical Realization of Quantum Computer and Its Algorithmic Applications Jian-Wei Pan’s group in the University of Science and Technology of China realized the largest “Schrödinger-cat” state and one-way quantum computer in the world, breaking two world records on photonic entanglement and quantum computing. This result, Six-Photon Schrodinger Cat States as a cover title, was published in Nature Physics.
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The referee commented that the work is “the most 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is advanced experimental result achieved so far in the one of the seven open questions posed by Clay field of optical quantum computing”, and “paves Institute. Here we consider the same problem the way for research on quantum computing, but with zero vertical viscosity, equations of quantum error corrections and fundamental this type appear in geophysical fluids around problems in quantum mechanics”. Pan’s group Ekman layer. In this project, Zhang Ping from also demonstrated for the first time in the world the the Academy of Mathematics and Systems key Shor algorithm and realized the factorization Science and his co-author introduced a complete of 15=3×5. The American Physical Society Besov-Sobolev type space, found some new praised the result as “a breakthrough in quantum structures to such equations. In particular, computing”. The above achievement shows that for high oscillatory initial data, they proved China keeps the leading role in the field of multi- the global wellposedness to such equations. particle entanglement. Their first paper in this series was published in Communications in Mathematical Physics. From Geometric Algebra to Advanced Invariant Theory After seven years of hard work, Biological Effects of Nanomaterials, Hongbo Li and others at the Institute of Systems Nanosafety and Their Impacts on Human Science of the Academy of Mathematics and Health Scientists at the joint Laboratory for Systems Science, CAS established the system of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and advanced invariant theory of classical geometry, Nanosafety (Institute of High Energy Physics, including Null Bracket Algebra, Null Geometric CAS and National Center for Nanoscience Algebra and Null Grassmann-Cayley Algebra.
The new system, equipped with powerful high-level computing machinery, is a further development of classical invariant theory for classical geometry, and overcomes many computing difficulties faced by basic invariant systems. It reduces the complexity of symbolic geometric computing, lays down the foundation for effective symbolic computing in invariant theory, and has important consequences in improving the efficiency of geometric computing and reasoning. The paper presenting the work won the unique “Distinguished Paper Award” of the 32nd International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computations issued by the SIGSAM Committee of ACM. International experts evaluated the work as “a breakthrough in the field of machine proving and beyond”.
On the Global Wellposedness to The 3-D Incompressible Anisotropic Navier-Stokes Cover page of the monograph Nanotoxicology Equations The global wellposedness to the
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and Nanotechnology of China) headed by Prof. Yuliang Zhao have systematically investigated the toxicological aspects of diverse types of nanomaterials such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), fullerene (C60), nano-Cu, nano-Zn, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. They developed a series of novel methodologies for this newly emerging field of nanotoxicology, including experimental protocols for toxicity assay of nanoparticles in living body or cell culture, the radio-labeling or biological-labeling of nanoparticles, radioisotope coupled ICP-MS STM image of self assembly of organic molecules techniques, as well as synchrotron radiation techniques for detection or quantitative or refractory cases after surgery, chemotherapy detection of nanoparticles in biological and conventional radiotherapy. After a period samples. In May 2007, the first textbook in of treatment (4-10 days) with heavy ions, the nanotoxicology field, “Nanotoxicology”, curative effects of the patients were encouraging. edited by Zhao and Nalwa was published Tumor disappearance or shrink in most of the by American Scientific Publishers, USA. patients and no side-effects on all of the patients From the fourth quarter of 2005 through were observed in the 2-3 months follow-up the present, a set of research papers of survey after the treatments. This work makes nanotoxicological studies carried out at the China the fourth country in the world using Lab (published at the international journal heavy ions for cancer therapy. “Toxicology Letter”) are listed in the world top 25 hottest papers. It indicates that the Structural Variety and Transformation contributions to nanotoxicology by Chinese Mechanism of Oligothiophene Adsorbed on researchers have produced important and Surface Prof. Li-Jun Wan’s group at the Institute positive influences among the international of Chemistry has made an important discovery nanoscience community. in the self-organization of alkyl-substituted dual oligothiophene on surface by using self- Clinical Trial of Superficially Placed Tumor assembly technique and scanning tunneling Radiotherapy with Heavy Ions Preclinical microscopy. Various conformations such as cis- basic research on heavy ion cancer therapy and trans-forms exist upon adsorption. Moreover, has been conducted at the Institute of Modern it is observed that the molecular backbone is Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences for twisted and folded. The results were published more than 10 years. Based on the achievements in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA and have attracted in the basic research, 51 superficially placed wide attention from the international academic tumor patients selected by local hospitals have community. A special editorial on the discovery been treated with intermediate energy carbon- was written by Materials Today. This work was ion beams supplied by the Heavy Ion Research also highlighted on the Heart Cut of the American Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), in the therapy Chemical Society. The results are important to terminal at IMP during 2006~2007. Most of understanding the effects of molecule/molecule the patients had been classified as noneffective and molecule/substrate interactions on the
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formation and transformation of self-organized molecular structures, studying single molecular properties, and constructing molecular devices.
High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Devices In the filed of organic optoelectronic materials and devices, researchers from the Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS have designed and synthesized dibenzotetrathiafulvalene bisimides. They have fruitfully carried out research on optoelectronic materials with good stability and high mobility, including pentacene, phthalocyanine compounds, and new carbon nanotubes. Based on these results, systematic research was conducted 3D magnetic reconnection topology structure in outer space on organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells having promising applications and research team, led by the Chinese scientists from optoelectronic integral devices were fabricated. Chinese National Astronomical Observatories, They have creatively used nanocrystal quantum and Peking University, reported the identification dots to fabricate light-emitting diodes, and of a full 3D reconnection geometry in the obtained color-controlled quantum dot-based electroluminescent devices. The devices exhibit magnetotail of the Earth using data from the high luminance, low turn-on voltages, improved four Cluster spacecraft. An associated lower- electroluminescent efficiency, excellent color hybrid oscillation was also identified, which suggests a possible mechanism for electron heating and acceleration in the reconnection process. This work was attributable to the co- operation between the China Double-Star mission and the Cluster mission of European Space Agency. Their results were published in the September issue of Nature Physics in 2007.
Gammay-Ray Spectrometer Onboard Chinese First Lunar Mission Change-1 Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) was included High-performance organic optoelectronic materials and devices in the payload of China’s first lunar mission ChangE-1. It was developed by the Space purity, and long operation lifetimes. A series of Astronomy Laboratory of Purple Mountain research results have been published in J. Am. Observatory and used to help determine the Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater., composition and location of ten elements on the Nature Photon. and have attracted wide attention. Moon by detecting the gamma-rays from the Satellite Observations of Separator Line lunar surface. GRS started normal observation Geometry of Three-Dimensional Magnetic since Nov. 28, 2007. Up to now, everything has Reconnection in Space An international been going well. The data analysis shows that
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the main performance parameters of GRS met controlled growth, configuration and physical all the requirements as designed. properties of low-dimension functionalized nanostructures along the way “Observation- Nonlinear Optical Crystal Lithium Triborate Understanding-Control- Functionalization”. In (LBO) Beijing Center for Crystal Research the research of magnetic iron phthalocyanine and Development, Technical Institute of molecules on Au(111), they found a high Kondo Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy temperature well above room temperature, and a substantial change of Kondo effect with different adsorption configurations. They raised a new theory that the magnetic properties of a single molecule can be controlled by the substrate, functional group of molecule and non-functional alkyl chains. This methodology is important for quantum control and quantum information study.
Mechanism of Magnetoelectricity Discovered Using the first-principle and Large-size image of LBO crystal computer simulation method, He Lixin, Wang Chenjie and Guo Guangcan studied the of Sciences, has made breakthroughs in the crystal, electronic and magnetic properties study of nonlinear optical crystal lithium of TbMn2O5, and discovered the mechanism triborate (LBO). They developed the of ferroelectricity and giant magnetoelectric technologies for growing large-scale, high coupling in this material. The research shows quality LBO crystals through three-year that the compound has very complex frustrated consistent efforts. By using a new flux system and growing technology, a LBO single crystal up to 146×145×62 mm3 in size and 1116.8g in weight, was successfully grown, breaking the best international record of approximately 500g in weight. This achievement will promote the development of LBO-related industry in China. Meanwhile, as an important alternative for frequency conversion materials, it will play an active role in the development of large- aperture, high-energy and high-power laser technology and optical devices.
Design and Construction of Artificial Small- Scale System Hongjun Gao’s group at the Structural diagram of terbium and manganese Institute of Physics has been studying the oxygenated compound crystals
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magnetic ordering, which lacks the inversion high temperature gas dynamics and an essential symmetry. The magnetic structure further technology in hypersonics. couples with the lattice, and causes the lattice distortion that breaks the inversion symmetry Amino Acid/Rare Earth/Transition Metal of the lattice, leading to ferroelectricity and Compounds Xintao Wu’s group at Fuzhou the giant magnetoelectric effects. This work Institute of Matter Structure, CAS has made a clarified the crystal structure of the compound, breakthrough in the exploration of novel amino and the calculated properties are in very good acid/rare earth/transition metal compounds. agreement with the experiments. The research Compared with the biggest known icosanuclear suggests that the properties of the compound clusters, the highly aggregated nanosized 30-, can be further improved, which is very 32- and 61-nuclear clusters are unique, and the promising for future device applications. 30-nuclear cluster can also serve as a building unit to generate a series of new 1D, 2D and Investigation of New Detonation-driven 3D polymers. All these compounds exhibit Moderate Enthalpy Shock Tunnels with a interesting magnetic and semi-conductive Cross-Section Change The complex wave properties. A series of trigonal-prismatic interactions that would disturb shock tunnel {LnNi6} glycin clusters have been rationally synthesized via the appropriate ligand exchange performances were studied with theoretical interactions. A new fan-shaped octadecanuclear analysis, numerical simulations and experiments Gd6Cu12 amino acid cluster features a unique aimed at investigating the scientific problems inner core of [Gd6(OH)8] that is the first and key techniques for the development of example of ferromagnetic rare earth cluster. hypersonic devices, such as the secondary wave An empirical formula has thus been suggested propagation, the detonation wave reflection, the on the relationship of the magnetic properties matching parameter of shock tunnel operation and the spin behavior, which may shed a useful and the incident shock decay, by the Institute insight on the design and synthesis of the of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiment was carried out in a scaled detonation-driven shock tunnel with 28 meters in length. The experimental data indicated that the moderate enthalpy flow of total stagnation temperature ranging from 2200K-3000K was achievable, and the stable reservoir pressure could maintain as long as 13.5-16.5M. The investigation also demonstrated that the designed JF-12 performances are reliable and has provided a solid base for future development of the new type of hypersonic shock tunnels that can be used for the duplication of hypersonic flight conditions at a Mach number from 5-10.
The new shock tunnel will be a necessary Structural diagram of amino acid/rare earth/transition advanced test facility for frontier study on metal clusters
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ferromagnetic rare-earth clusters. Some of the and their research may shed new light into the results have been published in J.Am.Chem. ongoing experimental investigations into ultra- Soc.,2007,129,15144-15146. cold polar molecules.
Fertilizer Loss Control (FLC) - a New Technology for Agriculture A natural material + that can fix NH4 and suppress the propagation Hi-Technology of nemotades was discovered by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS. Based The First Selenograph Got by China’s First on this discovery, the concept of fertilizer Lunar Exploration Program – Chang’e-1 fixation was proposed and developed into a new Satellite The load development, signal technology named fertilizer loss control (FLC). reception, data processing and image making for the first selenograph of Chang’e-1 satellite Experimental demonstrations of the technology have been successfully accomplished.As in twelve cities/counties in the Chaohu Lake one of the sponsors of the lunar exploration Basin have shown a 20% reduction of fertilizer program, CAS prepared the research report on use without yield decrease, or 10% increase of The Scientific Objectives of Chinese Lunar yield with the unchanged level of fertilization, Resources Exploration Satellite in 2000, and and 30% reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus determined the four major scientific objectives loss due to rainwater. Compared with the of the program. All the 8 payloads of Chang’e- traditional fertilization approach, the new 1satellite were developed by CAS. These method can increase the nitrogen utilization instruments undertake the four scientific tasks efficiency by more than 20%. This technology of acquiring 3D images of the moon surface, has been adopted as an important method to control the agricultural pollution in the Chaohu Lake Basin, Anhui Province.
Quantum Phase Diagram of Ultra-cold Dipolar Bosons The researchers from the Institute of Theoretical Physics have investigated the quantum phases of ultra-cold dipolar Bosons in two- and three-dimensional optical lattices. In a two-dimensional square lattice, they found the supersolid and the striped supersolid phases if the dipole-dipole interactions are, respectively, isotropic and anisotropic in the lattice plane. While in a three- dimensional cubic lattice, by tuning the sign of the dipolar interaction, they discovered the layered supersolid phase, in analogy to the layered structure in high-Tc superconductors. They have also obtained the complete phase diagrams for all the three cases. Their results indicate that the quantum phases achievable China’s lunar probe program “Change No.1” satellite successfully in dipolar Boson gases are extremely rich, obtained the first image of the moon’s surface.
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analyzing element content and matter type distribution features on the moon surface, and exploring lunar soil characteristics and earth-moon space environment as well as the research task for exploration data reception, processing, management and application, laying a solid foundation for realizing the scientific objectives. They also undertake the VLBI orbit determination task, ensuring accurate determination of the satellite orbit, especially for accurate entry of the satellite into the lunar orbit.
The Program for Atmospheric Environment Monitoring in Beijing Region To ensure the Longxin 2F high-performance general- quality of atmospheric environment during the purpose processor Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, CAS organized “Program for Atmospheric Environment Monitoring in Beijing Region” by taking traffic controller, PCI/PCI-X controller and LocalIO control in a series of competition events themed controller. It consumes only 3-5 watts of power “Good Luck Beijing” as the opportunity. while running at 1GHz frequency. Compared The initiative mainly aims to monitor air with loongson2E processor, the core frequency pollution in main Olympic venues and Beijing is raised up by 10~20%, and the memory and surrounding areas. Incorporating the hi-tech IO bandwidth doubles. Loongson2F can be instrument and equipment for atmospheric used in many application domains, such as environment monitoring developed by CAS Industrial Control, Low Cost PC, Digital Home in recent years, the program uses stationary Appliance, Networking and so on. location continual monitoring combined with flow monitoring of typical process, ground Underwater Defense System The Underwater monitoring combined with vertical monitoring, Defense System is designed and manufactured ground remote sensing combined with satellite by the Institute of Acoustics and Xi’an Institute observation, field observation combined with of Optics and Precision Mechanics. The outdoor photochemical field simulation, and hi- system has well accomplished the underwater tech method combined with regular monitoring, defense mission of 2007 World Yacht Race making it a unique tridimensional monitoring (QINGDAO), namely Olympic Testing Game. system for air quality. The system can play an important role in detecting, tracking, recognizing and alerting Loongson2F High Performance General underwater targets. In 2008, the system will Purpose Processor Loongson2F processor continue to undertake the underwater defense designed by the Institute of Computing mission of Olympic and Paralympics Sailing Technology was taped out successfully. Competition. Fabricated with STMicroelectronics 90nm CMOS process, the Loongson2F processor 8 kW High Power All-solid-state Laser The is an SOC (system on chip), which integrates high-power all-solid-state laser developed Loongson2 CPU core, DDR2 memory by the Institute of Semiconductors, CAS,
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remote sensing data by advanced technologies, thus having the ability of receiving satellite data covering all land areas of China. The Station Network Project has been officially approved by the national Government. The first receiving system of the Kashi Station in West China developed by CAS has passed the test and been put into operation, which marks a breakthrough in civil earth observation satellite data receiving High-power all-solid-state laser system in China.
HY-1B 10-band Ocean Color Scanner The has made important progress in laser output 10-band Ocean Color Scanner, developed by following the records of 3 kW and 4 kW in SITP (Shanghai Institute of Technology Physics, 2006. With an output of >8 kW and a beam CAS), is the primary payload of HY-1B satellite quality of 40 mm•mrad, it is an all-solid-state which has successfully obtained high quality continuous wave laser of the maximal output images with clear ocean color levels. The HY- power in China. It is of great significance 1B satellite was launched into orbit on April for improving the ability of technological 11, 2007. The in-orbit testing has demonstrated innovation and international competition of laser manufacturing industry in China.
IEEE802.11a/b/g+DVB-H Multi-functional Radio Frequency Chip The IEEE802.11a/ b/g+mobile digital TV DVB-H multi- functional radio frequency chip,developed by the Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, is a new generation core product for use in multi- functional portable WLAN communication devices. Being the first of its kind in the world with patented IPR, the invention is a groundbreaking achievement in the field of high-end WLAN chips.
National Network of Earth Observation Satellite Data Receiving Stations The National Network of Earth Observation Satellite Data Receiving Stations consists of the Miyun Station in Beijing, the Kashi Station in Xinjiang and the forthcoming Sanya Station in South China’s Hainan Province. It integrates the system of Multi-channel watercolor composite image obtained acquisition, recording, transmission, operation by the ten-spectral ocean watercolor scanner and management of airborne and spaceborne
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good performances of the instrument. In fact, Biodegradable Carbon Dioxide Based Plastic some specifications are better than expected. Using carbon dioxide and propylene oxide as It will be an important device for facilitating raw materials, the researchers in the Changchun China’s exploration of ocean bio-resources, Institute of Applied Chemistry have succeeded estuary management, marine pollution, coastal in commercializing carbon dioxide based zone resources and climate change monitoring. plastics. In addition to complete biodegradability under compost conditions, the plastic is Breakthrough in Key Technology for transparent with excellent oxygen barrier Manufacturing Large Marine Crankshaft property, which enables the plastic with wide Blanks On the basis of computer simulation applications in food and medical packaging, as and real-time X-ray observations, the Institute well as in the agricultural field. The institute has cooperated with China National Offshore of Metal Research(IMR) has broken through Oil Company(CNOOC) to set up industrial the technical bottle-neck of manufacturing production lines. The first phase project for large castings and forgings, including marine 3000 ton plastics was initiated at DongFang city, crankshaft steel, back-up roll, water turbine Hainan province, opening a new way for fixation unit, and so on. After 2 years of cooperation and utilization of carbon dioxide. with AnGang Heavy Machinery Company, IMR has developed the key technology for Green Pesticides Pyrimindinyloxy manufacturing large marine crankshaft blanks benzylamine derivative is novel lead structure ranging from type 50 to 98. By use of this with good herbicidal activity, which was technology, the domestic largest crankshaft discovered by Shanghai Institute of Organic blanks were manufactured by AnGang in Chemistry (SIOC) and Zhejiang Chem-tech 2007. The products and manufacturing process Group Co. More than 10 Patents have been have met the standards of the International granted in USA, EU, Japan, Korea, Mexico Classification Society. and China. Two new herbicides for rapeseed field (ZJ0273 and ZJ0702) optimized from pyrimindinyloxy benzylamine derivative were provisionally registered in 2003 and will be formally registered in 2008 after a long-term chronic toxicity study and environmental evaluation. These two new herbicides have been applied in more than four million Chinese acres since 2006. Furthermore, a new active ingredient (ZJ0777) will be provisionally registrated as a herbicide for rapeseed field in 2008 and more active compounds are under development. From 2006, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry were financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of green pesticides. A series of new technologies such as Biodegradable Carbon Dioxide Based Plastic molecular modeling and design, combinatorial
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chemistry and micro-screening have been (ICC, CAS) and Jincheng Anthracite Mining applied in new pesticide discovery. Several Group. In the experiment which employed potential lead structures such as WMX237 and anthracite mined from Jincheng as its SIOC-K-025 for herbicidal activities and S114 feedstock, the carbon conversion efficiency and S115 for fungicidal activities have been reached 87%, the gas yield 1.8Nm3 dry gas/kg discovered and further research is undergoing. coal, and the percentage of effective gases (CO
+ H2) 65%~ 66%. It indicated that the capacity IGCC and Co-production Demonstration of 1.0 MPa industrial scale unit (with 2.4 meter Project In conducting the project Integrated inside diameter) could be 600 tons of coal per Gasification Combined Cycle( IGCC) and day matched for a middle sized ammonia or co-production demonstration, supported by methanol synthesis plant. the National “863” Program, the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics(IET), CAS, and its Successful Commissioning of a 3,500 collaborators have completed the modification ton/year Synthetic Gasoline Facility scheme of the control and fuel supply system A demonstration facility of coal-to-liquid of B and E class heavy duty gas turbine which conversion with an annual capacity up to is fired with syngas, finished the design scheme 3,500 tons was successfully commissioned at of the B-class full-sized combustion chamber the Jiehua Chem Group, Yunnan, producing with multi-nozzle and fuel dilution techniques, qualified gasoline (RON 93). The production and accomplished the middle-level pressure unit, the largest of its kind in China so far, experimental test for performance validation. employs the catalysts developed by the The finalization of design for the combustion Institute of Coal Chemistry (ICC,CAS) and chamber is in progress. The scheme selection the technology of adiabatic fixed bed reactor of key processes and core technologies of fuel in one-step methanol-to-gasoline conversion flexible gasification, and preliminary design of jointly developed by ICC and China Second the pilot plant have been completed, the D100 Design Institute of Chemical Industry test facility is under construction according to (SEDIN).The feat could offer a reliable the plan in the test base of IET. A key element model and a software platform for IGCC and co-production system have been established and improved, the technology roadmap and cost- effective analysis of the demonstration project have been proposed, compared and carried out in the engineering construction design.
Pressurized Ash Agglomerating Fluidized Bed (AFB) Coal Gasification Technology Researchers have successfully carried out a 1.0MPa, long period (72hours) high pressure testing on a 3.0MPa semi-industrial platform of pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized bed (AFB) coal gasification, which was jointly Demonstration plant in the gas synthesis industry developed by the Institute of Coal Chemistry
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technological route for China’s coal-to-liquid with a mirror reflectivity of 92%. The sun conversion industry, and it may become an tracking accuracy is higher than 3.5mrad. important solution to producing clean liquid oil Heliostat angle measurement device has also from coal in the future. been successfully developed and the angular accuracy is up to 0.1mrad. Ultra clear glass is Pilot-scale of Biomass Liquefaction used to develop silvered mirror reflector, and Technology The catalysts in one-step synthesis its solar spectrum reflectivity achieves above of DME were developed by the Guangzhou 93%-94%. The shearing strength between the Institute of Energy Conversion(GIEC), Institute back coating and the metal layer of the mirror of Process Engineering(IPE), Technical is higher than 200N/cm2. Test methods like Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC), CAS moist, soaking, high and low temperature, slat and University of Science and Technologyof spray, outdoor exposure and accelerated aging China. The pilot plant of 100t/a DME synthesis have also been established. from biomass gasification was built up, in which three kinds of catalysts adjusting product Key technologies of Novel Non-adhesion distribution were prepared and screened out Energy-saving Rail Transportation System with gasoline/diesel fraction of high heating Utilizing Linear Motor The first prototype value and low oxygen. The continuous catalytic of a high-power traction linear motor in reformer of 20kg/h to gasoline/diesel fraction China was developed by the Institute of was set up. Electric Engineering CAS. The research on the modeling and simulation of propulsion The auto-thermal pilot of 120kg/h for biomass characteristics of the rail transportation system pyrolysis liquefaction was optimized, the utilizing linear motor was achieved and a suitable atomizer burner was worked out to simulation software package of the propulsion realize the direct and steady combustion of bio- system of such transportation system was oil, and a biomass pyrolysis plant of 1000t/a developed. Besides, an experimental platform scale was established. with a diameter of one meter of linear motor for rail transportation application was established, The pilot plant of bio-diesel production on the 150t/a scale was set up with the application of plug flow reactor to the interchange esterification.
Solar Tower Power Technology The Institute of Electrical Engineering has built a mathematic model of light concentration-absorbing-heat transfer for solar tower power plant, completed the heliostat field software debug and the overall design of solar tower power plant at the MWe level. Three 100m2 heliostat prototypes
have been manufactured and established, Experiment platform for linear motor rail transit
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and some research on control strategy for high- Drs. Mu-ming Poo and Xiao-bing Yuan. power linear asynchronous motor, such as flux- Migrating neurons are highly polarized and oriented control, efficiency-optimized control exhibit coordinated translocation of their cell and direct torque control, was carried out based body and the growth cone of their leading on this experimental system. Also, the design neurites. The current study showed that the of a converter with 1.3 MVA for propulsion leading growth cone of migrating cerebellar application was accomplished. granule cells is responsible for sensing the extracellular repulsive guidance signal Slit2. In response to Slit2, a cytoplasmic Ca2+ wave propagates from the growth cone to the cell Life Sciences and Biotechnology body and this Ca2+ wave is both necessary and Research by itself sufficient for Slit2-induced reversal of Calcium Wave and Reversal of Neuronal neuronal migration. Furthermore, the reversal Migration On April 20th, Cell published a report of migration requires the activity of the small from the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai GTPase RhoA and is accompanied by a front- Institutes for Biological Sciences entitled to-rear redistribution of the RhoA activity. “Long-Range Ca2+ Signaling from Growth Many neurological disorders are associated Cone to Soma Mediates Reversal of Neuronal with defects in neuronal migration during Migration Induced by Slit-2”. This work was development. Studies of the fundamental done mainly by two graduate students Chen-bin mechanisms of neuronal migration will help our Guan and Hua-tai Xu, under the supervision of understanding the etiology of these diseases.
Dopamine-Mushroom Body Circuit Regulates Saliency-Based Decision Making in Drosophila On June 29th, 2007,Science published a report from the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Learning & Memory, by graduate students Ke Zhang, Jian-zeng Guo, Yue-qing Peng and Xi Wang under the supervision of Dr. Ai-ke Guo. Drosophila melanogaster can make appropriate choices among alternative flight options based on the relative salience of competing visual cues. This paper reported that this salience-based choice behavior requires the Migration of migrating neurons after receiving the mushroom body and the dopaminergic system. outside repellent navigator Immunohistological analyses showed that
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mushroom bodies are densely innervated by dopaminergic axons, which suggests the cooperation between these two neural components in choice behavior. Furthermore, the authors also show that this salience- based choice behavior consists of early and late phases; the former requires activation of the dopaminergic system and mushroom bodies, while the latter is independent of these activities. Thus, the dynamic circuit from the dopamine system to mushroom bodies is crucial for choice behavior in Drosophila. This study in Drosophila may help us to understand β-arrestin 1 promotes Bcl-2 expression high level cognitive processing in general. from patients with multiple sclerosis had much higher Arrb1 expression, and ‘knockdown’ of Arrb1 by RNA-mediated interference in those cells increased apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. These results revealed a new mechanism of regulation of CD4+T cell apoptosis and autoimmune response, which suggests that β-arrestin 1 is critical for CD4+T cell survival and is a factor in susceptibility to autoimmunity. These results were published in Research on the neural mechanism for choice behavior of drosophila with color and gravity as conflict visual cues Nature Immunology 8, 817 - 824 (2007).
Regulation of Beta-arrestin1 on CD4+T P-selectin Primes Leukocyte Integrin Cell Survival Studies of Gang Pei et al Activation During Inflammation Researchers (Institutes for Biological Sciences) found from Prof. GENG Jianguo’s Lab at the Institute that under normal physiological conditions, of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, SIBS, CAS β- arrestin 1 protein affects the life and reported that PSGL-1 formed a complex with death balance of CD4+T cells in vivo Naf1 constitutively. The binding of P-selectin through regulating cell apoptosis-related to PSGL-1 resulted in the phosphorylation of gene expression. Experimental autoimmune Naf1, leading to transactivation of leukocyte encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mice model for integrins. Specific inhibition of this signaling autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, mice pathway by blocking PSGL-1 and Naf1 deficiency in the gene encoding β-arrestin 1 association diminished leukocyte adhesion was much more resistant to EAE, whereas and, consequently, suppressed inflammatory overexpression of β-arrestin 1 increased responses in vivo. The results delineate susceptibility to this disease. CD4+T cells a novel PSGL-1 signaling mechanism,
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through regulating the degradation of HMGCR. These results were published in the August issue of Cell Metabolism in 2007.
Dishevelled Promotes Axon Development by Regulating Atypical Protein Kinase C On June 10th,2007, Nature Cell Biology published an article from the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, by graduate students and research PSGL-1/Naf1 signal transmission process assistants Xian Zhang, Ji Zhu, Guo-ying Yang, Qing-jie Wang and Lei Qian under the which acts cooperatively with extracellular supervision of Dr. Zhen-Ge Luo. stimuli, such as cytokines, chemokines and A mature neuron receives inputs from multiple chemoattractants, for maximal activation of dendrites and sends its output to other leukocyte integrins in inflammatory responses neurons via a single axon. This polarized and indicate a brand new clinic target for the morphology requires proper axonal/dendritic treatment of inflammation. The paper was differentiation during development. The published in Nature Immunology. atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) in complex A New Player in the Regulation of Cholesterol with PAR3 and PAR6 is required for axonal- Synthesis The HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) dendritic differentiation, but the upstream is a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol factors responsible for regulating its activity synthetic pathway. The stability of HMGCR is are largely unknown. Dr. Luo’s laboratory controlled by a sterol-regulated ubiquitin ligase found that down-regulation of Dishevelled gp78, which attaches ubiquitin to HMGCR that (Dvl), an immediate downstream effector of is subjected to proteasomal degradation. Bao- Wnt, abrogated axon differentiation, whereas Liang Song’s group and Bo-Liang Li’s group (at Dvl over-expression resulted in multiple axon the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, formation. Interestingly, Dvl was associated Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, with aPKC and this interaction resulted in Chinese Academy of Sciences) have found that aPKC stabilization and activation. Furthermore, the degradation of HMGCR is regulated by a the multiple axon formation resulting from Dvl Ufd1 cofactor. Ufd1 directly binds to gp78, over-expression was attenuated by expressing a enhances its enzymatic activity and accelerates dominant-negative aPKC in these neurons and the degradation of HMGCR. As a result, over-expression of aPKC prevented the loss of cells with higher levels of Ufd1 produce less axon caused by Dvl down-regulation. Finally, cholesterol and take up more cholesterol from Wnt5a, a noncanonical Wnt, activated aPKC blood. A high cholesterol level is associated and promoted axon differentiation. The Wnt5a with coronary heart disease. This finding effect on axon differentiation was attenuated provides new strategies to lower cholesterol by down-regulating Dvl or inhibiting aPKC.
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Thus, Dvl-aPKC interaction can promote axon suppress BDNF-mediated protection, BDNF- differentiation mediated by the PAR3-PAR6- triggered intracellular Ca2+ elevation and aPKC complex. In addition to elucidating the BDNF-induced CREB activation. By contrast, basic mechanisms of neuronal development, over-expressing TRPC3 or 6 increases CREB- the results presented in this paper also provide dependent reporter-gene transcription and insight for studies of neuronal regeneration prevents apoptosis in neurons deprived of following injury. serum, a protection blocked by expression of the dominant negative form of CREB. TRPC Channels Promote Cerebellar Furthermore, down-regulating TRPC3 or Granule Neuron Survival On April 1st,2007, 6 induces CGN apoptosis in neonatal rat Nature Neuroscience published online a report cerebellum, an effect rescued by over- expressing either TRPC3 or 6. Thus, the findings provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a critical role of TRPC channels in promoting neuronal survival.
Role of SIRT1 in Regulating Insulin Sensitivity The research group led by Dr. Qiwei Zhai in the Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, identified the role of SIRT1 in regulating insulin sensitivity. Cheng Sun et al. found that SIRT1 protein levels are correlated with insulin resistance, and can be used to improve insulin sensitivity under insulin- resistant conditions. Similarly, resveratrol, a TRPC channels promote cerebellar granule neuron survival plant-derived polyphenol, may improve insulin sensitivity in a SIRT1-dependent manner. from the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Further studies demonstrated that the effect Institutes for Biological Sciences. This work of SIRT1 on insulin sensitivity is mediated was done by graduate students Yi-chang Jia and Jian Zhou, under the supervision of Dr. Yi- zheng Wang. Channels formed by the TRP family of proteins serve a variety of physiological functions. Here the authors report that two members of the TRPC subfamily, TRPC3 and 6, protect cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) against serum deprivation-induced cell death in cultures and promoted CGN survival in the rat brain. In CGN cultures, blocking TRPC channels or down-regulating TRPC3 or 6 SIRT1 Improves Insulin Sensitivity.
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by repressing PTP1B transcription at the physiological functions. This work was published chromatin level. These findings were published online on July 8th in Nature Cell Biology. in Cell Metabolism, and provide a potential new therapeutic approach to preventing or Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity to treating type 2 diabetes. Infection The laboratory of Dr. Hong Tang at the Institute of Biophysics recently discovered Astrocytes Were Found to Release ATP that T cells of the adaptive immune system Through Lysosomal Exocytosis Adenosine suppress overzealous early innate responses- triphosphate (ATP) is not only the most “cytokine storm”-to infection that usually lead to important energy carrier inside the cell, but also severe immunopathology and high death rates. a universal extracellular signaling molecule. They are able to show, through the depletion of Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in wild-type mice or by the brain, have been found to release signaling adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes into Rag-1 molecules, including ATP, which mediate deficient mice (lack of T cells), that T cells are inter-astrocytic as well as neuronal-astrocytic both necessary and sufficient to temper the early interactions. Unlike in neurons and secretory innate response mediated by Natural Killer cells, however, the mechanisms of ATP release cells and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These findings therefore in glial cells are unknown. Dr Shumin Duan suggest that early innate immunity requires and graduate students Zhijun Zhang, Gang the adaptive immunity in check to maintain Chen, and Wei Zhou from the Laboratory of the appropriate immune responses. These Synapse Development and Plasticity, Institute of findings may also provide a novel mechanism Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological of immunopathology during acute infections Sciences found that lysosomes in astrocytes and potential anti-inflammation regime. This contain abundant ATP and exhibit different breakthrough was published in Nature Medicine. modes of exocytosis in response to physiological and pathological stimulations. Lysosomes have Protein Transportation and Blood Glucose been regarded as “digestion organelles” of the Regulation Prof. Tao Xu’s group has developed cell for degrading “waste proteins”. This finding a method to dissect docking, priming and fusion indicates that regulated lysosomal exocytosis steps during the fusion of GLUT4 storage of ATP from astrocytes may have important vesicles in adipocytes. Using total internal reflection microscope, they found that insulin both increase the rate of GSV vesicle fusion and regulate the priming step of vesicles under the cell surface membrane. This study challenges the mechanisms of GLUT4 transportation and regulation proposed previously, and provides important insights into insulin-signaling pathways. The result was published in Cell Metabolism.
Magnetite Nanoparticles Possess an Intrinsic Enzyme Mimetic Activity Similar to Natural ATP diagram for lysosomal release of neuroglia cell Peroxidases Based on the novel findings, Prof. Xiyun Yan’s group developed a novel
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immunoassay using the multi-function of trapping devices is felicitous proof of adaptive antibody-modified nanoparticles (targeting, evolution. The results were published in PROC. separation and catalysis). The ‘ready-made’ NATL. ACAD. SCI. simplicity of catalytic activity in iron oxide nanoparticles will certainly attract a lot of The Cloning and Characterization of GW2, a attention and the potential wide applications New QTL Controlling Rice Grain Width and of the iron oxide nanoparticles in medicine, Weight Hong-Xuan Lin’s group at the Shanghai environment and biotechnology. Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Evolution of Trapping Cells of Nematophagous Hyphomycetes in Orbiliaceae Ascomycota among fungi, predation is one of the basic life strategies. Some fungi in the family of Orbiliaceae (Ascomycota) could use special structures to capture free-living nematodes in the soil. However, the evolutionary origins and divergence of these trapping devices were not well understood. Based on comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of RNA polymerase II subunit gene, elongation factor 1-α, ß tubulin Parental rice grain appearance (FAZ1,WY3), scale 3mm gene and ribosomal DNA in the internal transcribed spacer region, the research group, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has successfully led by Professor Xingzhong Liu, from the cloned and characterized GW2, a new QTL Institute of Microbiology, demonstrated the controlling rice grain width and weight, marking evolution of these trapping devices. The data an important progress in the study of rice suggest that some devices are still at a highly functional gene for the grain yield of crops. The differentiated stage. The development of research data showed that GW2 encoded a novel RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which participates in the degradation of protein. The loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers, resulting in a larger spikelet hull, and accelerated the grain milk filling rate, resulting in enhanced grain width, weight and yield. These results have provided an interesting insight into the mechanism of seed development and a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops. The results were published in Nature Genetics.
Plant Mediated RNA Interference(RNAi) in the Insect The research group led by Dr. Xiao-Ya Chen at the National Key Lab of Plant Preying structure of cup fungi Mol Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology
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function of the rice 14-3-3 protein in BR signal transduction. The study reveals a new mechanism by which phosphorylation regulates the activity of OsBZR1, a key transcription factor of the BR signaling pathway. The discovery provides means for genetic manipulation of BR sensitivity in rice, which can potentially increase crop yield by improving the growth and stress tolerance of plants. The study was published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (104, 13839-44) in August 2007.
Millennium Chinese Time Series Reveals Climatic Forcing of Decadal Locust Dynamics A study on migratory locust jointly carried out by Prof. Zhang Zhibin of the Institute of Zoology, CAS and Prof. Nils Stenseth of the University of Oslo reveals that changes of locust population abundance are frequency- or Plant-mediated RNA interference technology for insects period- dependent on temperature. There are significant and negative correlations between locust population abundance and temperature and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, during the last millennium, contradicting developed a plant mediated RNAi technology traditional observation. This finding indicates to protect plants from insect attacks. When that biological disasters may have links with pests fed on dsRNA producing plants, the target large-scale climate change in China and more gene in the insect will be silenced through attention should be given to both the low- and RNAi pathway. By this strategy, it is possible to high-frequency ecological effects that climate suppress insect genes very selectively. This new factors may have on population dynamics. This finding will not only add a new tool for insect article was published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. functional genomics research but also provide a new way of herbivore insect pest control. This Kenong 199—A High-yield and Wide work also suggests a new role of plant small Adaptation Wheat Cultivar “Kenong 199” RNAs as weapons in the war between plant and was developed by the Institute of Genetics and insect. It is theoretically important for studying Developmental Biology. It incorporates disease plant-insect interactions and has created a resistances and nitrogen-using efficiency new way to develop more effective and safer derived from octoploid synthetic species of transgenic pest-resistant crops. The paper was T. aestivum and E. elongata, with high-yield published in Nature Biotechnology. potential and stability contributed by a cultivar of Tai recurrent selection population. In National Brassin Osteroid Signal Transduction in Performance Trial of Northern Huanghuai Rice Dr. Zhiyong Wang et al at the Institute Regional Nursery, Kenong 199 yielded 8,163.0 of Botany have discovered the important kg/ha (7.36% higher than control Shi-4,185,
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p<0.01) on 12 sites, and ranked the first among highest concentrated polyhedra reported in the 12 tested genotypes. world. Five products including ultra-dosage Kenong 199 (Reg. No. GUOSHENMAI water dispersible granule formulation prepared 2006017)was approved by the National from Helicoverpa armiger, Spodoptera exigua Committee of Crop Breeds Assessment & and Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedroviruses Approval in 2006. It was demonstrated on 7 have been registered for marketing and sites in Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces successfully utilized both at home and abroad. by the local governments in 2006 and planted over 30,000 ha. in 2007. Development of Novel Technology for Xylitol Production by Bioconversion Breakthroughs in Industrialization and A novel technology for xylitol production via Marketing of Baculoviral Bio-Insecticides bioconversion has been developed on pilot In the Pilot-Scale Base of Bio-Pesticides, the industrial scale by the Institute of Microbiology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of CAS in cooperation with the Weilong Industry Sciences, in cooperation with Henan Jiyuan Group LTD, Shandong Province. Crystal Baiyun Industry Co., Ltd., made a series of xylitol with over 99% purity was produced technical breakthroughs in product quality by applying a novel microbial strain and control and baculoviral bio-insecticides bioconverting process. The new technology has production, which ensure the capacity of the shown significant advantages over the chemical Pilot-Scale Base to produce the bio-insecticides process for producing xylitol. It may replace in a very large scale. Up to now, more than 10 the chemical process and become the major patents have been applied or offered. There method of xylitol production in the future. The are 9 products with 4 baculoviruses produced bioconverting ability of the strain applied in in the Base. The registered technical material the new technology is among the highest in the of 500 billion PIB/g Helicoverpa armigera world. The Institute of Microbiology owns the nucleopolyhedrovirus raw powder with the intellectual property regarding the strain. accession number of registration LS20042102 was the first registered technical material in Integrated Management of Red Turpentine baculovirus products in China, which contains Beetle, Dendroctonus Valens, a Forest Invasive Pest in China Red turpentine beetle (RTB), a destructive exotic pest, is native in North America. RTB was introduced into China in the early 1980s and its outbreak in 1999 killed over 6 million Chinese pines in four provinces. Its invasion biology, ecology, population dynamics, chemical ecology of the beetle were studied, and an effective semiochemical- based integrated management was developed. A single component attractant was identified and verbenone was found as a multipurpose
Research on insect viral insecticides pheromone for the beetle. GC-EAD and bioassay experiments revealed several other
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important candidate pheromones of the beetle. many other coelurosaurian subgroups. Most An integrated management plan consisted of this non-avian coelurosaurian subgroups display semiochemical-based mass-trapping program a trend of size increase and their large-sized together with monitoring and early detection, members tend to revert to more primitive was implemented in RTB infested areas and conditions in many bird-like characters. RTB was successfully brought under control, According to the analysis, in the process of becoming a successful story for management of bird evolution, different groups of dinosaurs invasive species in China. have different characteristics of evolution pattern, and a different inherent ontogenetic pattern. This discovery therefore complicates the evolution pattern of bird characters. The Resources and Environmental achievement was published in Nature. Science and Technology Discovery of Neoproterozoic Animal Egg A gigantic Bird-like Dinosaur-Gigantoraptor Cyst Fossils The research team headed by Erlianensis According to a team led by Yin Leiming from the Nanjing Institute of Xing Xu from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Gigantoraptor erlianensi, which lived some 80 million years ago in the Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China was discovered . It is a gigantic bird-like dinosaur as large as Tyrannosaurus, and was a close relative of the smaller oviratorosaurian dinosaurs. The proportions and scale of the hind limb bones of Gigantoraptor are significantly different from some general patterns seen during the gigantism of non-avian theropods. Most significantly, the huge Gigantoraptor shows many birdlike Image of diapause cyst fossil features absent in its smaller oviraptorosaurian relatives, unlike the evolutionary trend seen in Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made the new discovery of animal embryos with early-cleavage (2-16) cells, preserved inside diapause egg cyst which was named as “Tianzhushania” as acritarchs previously, from cherts of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Yichang area, Hubei Province. The diapause egg cysts with complex ornamentation are very similar to diapause egg cysts of some modern animals (e.g. arthropod). The findings provide strong evidence to denial of the interpretation of giant sulphur-oxidizing Reproduced picture of Gigantoraptor erlianensis bacteria for Doushantuo embryos found in
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Weng’an, Guizhou Province proposed by Bailey while the Poisson ratio increased, possibly et al. (2007) and push back the earliest record indicating a decrease in silicon oxide content of animal fossils to 632 million years ago. The and an increase in igneous rocks. The stacking findings were published inNATURE . results also showed a possible western dipping slab in central and northern Taiwan down to a Atmospheric Pressure/Matrix-assisted depth of 50 kilometers, which implied that the Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Philippine Sea plate is probably subducting Mass Spectrometer with High Mass Resolving beneath the Eurasian continent plate near Power (AP/MALDI-TOFMS)—was recently this region. These results have an important developed by Zhen Zhou, Jiamo Fu, etc with scientific indication for understanding the the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, interaction of plates and the dynamics of deep Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this interior beneath study region. This research instrument, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ was published in Earth and Planetary Science ionization (MALDI) source operated in Letters and was selected as a research highlight atmospheric pressure(AP)was implemented for in Nature China website. the first time in China. The AP/MALDI and the electrospray ionization (ESI) source were Theory of Earth’s Tides and Its Application adapted to a home-made high resolution power in Geodynamics Sun Heping and Xu Houze’s orthogonal extraction time-of-flight mass research group in the Institute of Geodesy spectrometer (O-TOFMS) by a Novel vacuum & Geophysics, CAS, has made significant interface, which evidently improved the ion progress in the fields of accurate determination transmission rate from atmosphere ionization of the Earth’s tidal deformation, coupling sources to the TOF mass analyzer. The mass mechanism among the atmosphere, ocean resolution power as high as 10,000, detection and gravity fields, the Earth’s normal modes limit as low as 2.5fmol (for AP/MALDI), and the resonance of the Earth’s fluid core, 50amol(for ESI) were achieved. The mass the Earth’s rotational variation and in recent precision is better than 20 parts per million, and years. The theory of the atmospheric effect the detected mass/charge ratio is up to 4000m/z. on gravity observations is developed, a global Two patents and several core technologies were experimental model of the tidal gravity developed. More than 80% of the components with consideration of the nearly diurnal are made in China. It has enabled China to be one of the few countries that can develop high end mass spectrometers.
Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath Southeastern China The deep structure study was carried out beneath Fujian and Taiwan provinces of China by the research group led by Dr. Yinshuang Ai at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS. The study brought together data from 44 seismic stations around Fujian and Taiwan provinces and used seismic stacking method of receiver functions. The Relation diagram of spectrum characteristics of results demonstrated that the crustal thickness gravitational field and geodynamic effects in Fujian decreased from inland to offshore
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resonance of the fluid core is established for the first time, the Wuhan standard reference of gravity tides and an independent calibration system of the gravimeters are established, the gravimetric parameters of global Earth’s tides are determined accurately, the theory of the free oscillations of the fluid core is developed. The corresponding results provide the precise dynamic parameters and reference models in recognizing the patterns of temporal and spatial distribution of the gravity fields and their dynamic mechanism, in studying inversely the Semi-arid reference station of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Program for interaction and coupling mechanism among International Energy and Water Circulation in Tongyu, Jilin (CEOP) the various geospheres and also in the accurate orbit determination of satellites and other spatial techniques. These achievements were dust aerosol may lead to the evaporation of the awarded a first prize of the National Science water vapor in clouds and reduce cloud water and Technology Progress 2007 in surveying and path. As a result, it will further accelerate the mapping. aridity trend in arid/semi-arid regions, compared the aridity trend in northern China with other Aridity Trend in Northern Arid Regions and regions from the global perspective, with the Floods Along the Yangtze River Basin in database containing 38 key social economic Response to Global Change Studies by Prof. indexes covering 1,074 cities/counties of 13 Fu Congbin and Prof. Huang Ronghui from provinces in northern China. The new version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) integrated regional environmental model system have systematically revealed the characteristics (RIEMS 2.0) was completed by coupling of East Asian Monsoon from interannual to with new component modules of atmospheric interdecadal time scales, with emphases on chemistry, ocean and land surface processes. the impacts of its abnormal changes in the The long term integration has justified the occurrences of severe flood/drought disasters improvement of the updated model system. in China and the corresponding physical mechanisms. Some key results are listed as Multi-model Ensemble Forecast and follows: the characteristics of water, heat and Early-Warning System Studies of Air
CO2 fluxes exchange between land surface and Environmental Pollution Multi-model atmosphere over different land cover types in ensemble forecast and early-warning system semi-arid regions are analyzed, as well as the of air environmental pollution, which was estimation of some key land surface parameters developed by Professor Zifa Wang and his based on the intensified field observations; a group in IAP of CAS, carried out bidirectional number of land surface models are validated transmission of nest grid data by using and compared in arid/semi-arid areas; proposed independently developed nest air quality for the first time that the semi-direct effects of prediction model system (NAQPMS). Meso-
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scale meteorological model MM5 was used superficial modification for coagulating algal as meteorological module in NAQPMS. The cells and putting off the HABs. Moreover, they air pollution module was a three dimensional formulated high-performance clays with tens Eluerian model, and CB-Z mechanism was to hundreds of times higher working efficiency. introduced to describe chemical reactions. The technology has been successfully applied Using such model, the effect of transportation to mitigate HABs in coastal and aquaculture from external source on local air quality areas several times. could be considered. Parallel calculation and modularization of physical and chemical Rapid Detection of Heavy Metals in processes in model system can ensure on-line Seawater is of Great Importance to real-time simulation effectively by NAQPMS. China’s Marine and Coastal Environment Parallel technology of NAQPMS was carried Monitoring Professor Wei Qin’s group at out, and real-time air quality forecast at different scales, including East Asia, various regions and cities in China can be achieved at the same time.
Successful Use of Modified Clays to Mitigate Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) Professors Zhiming YU, Xiuxian SONG and others from the Qingdao Institute of Oceanography studied the mechanism of harmful algae blooms (HABs) outbreak and reduction of economic loss from HAB. Having discovered the new coagulation phenomenon between clay particles and algal cells, they invented a system using modified clay to mitigate HABs successfully.They solved the crucial technical problems for The fast inspection sensor for marine heavy increasing the efficiency of coagulation with metal pollutants modified clays. Meanwhile, they established corresponding theoretical models of clay Yantai Institute for Coastal Zone Sustainable Development has made efforts in the novel response characteristics and mechanism of lower detection limit polymeric solvent membrane ion selective electrodes (ISEs) for determination of trace levels of heavy metal ions in seawater with high concentrations of interfering ions. By effectively suppressing the fluxes of primary ions in the ISE membrane and eliminating the serious matrix effect from Oceanic eutrophication treatment at Qingdao seawater, the new chemical sensors can be Olympic Sailing Competition Venue used for monitoring heavy metals in seawater
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with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity, field production, and developed a comprehensive which caters to the national needs for water analytical framework for impact assessment. The environment analysis. studies showed that Bt cotton at large-scale field production and GM rice at pre-production farm Successful Genetic Improvement in the field trials had significantly increased production, Pearl Oyster Pinctada Martensi Scientists at substantially reduced pesticide uses, and improved the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, farmer’s health and the environment. The studies CAS, in collaboration with other institutes also showed that emerging technologies based on and universities in China, have developed a molecular biology, genetic engineering, combining systematic approach for genetic improvement with conventional crop breeding and natural- of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensi, which resource management and other technologies will cultivates triploid, tetraploid and aneuploid be the key to achieving sustainable agricultural pearl oysters, two new species(named Haiyou development and poverty reduction. No.1 and JCS respectively) of improved growth rate and pearling traits, and one selected line Some Key Technologies for Collection, of red shell pearl oyster, using both modern Transmission and Processing of Information biotechnology and traditional methods. The on the Ecosystem Research Network Some demonstrations of these improved breeds have key technologies for collection, transmission , produced great economic benefits in the three management, sharing and spatialization of eco- major provinces of South China where marine information in the ecosystem research network pearls are grown. were developed by Guirui Yu’ s research group at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Impacts of GM Crops on Production and the Natural Resources Research in cooperation with Environment A team led by Jikun Huang from the Computer Network Information Center. the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute Of the technologies, 8 invention patents were of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources granted in flux observation and long-distance Research, extended their research on the impacts transportation of land surface substances. And of GM crops on production and the environment eco-metadata national standard was investigated from laboratory experiments and small-scale and constituted, and a multi-level cooperation, environmental release trials to large-scale farm heterodoxy distribution data sharing system of ecosystem research network was developed, in which 1 national standard and 5 software copyrights were obtained. Spatialization methodology of Chinese climate/meteorology information and land resources information was studied, and high resolution spatialized data productions were developed. All the above studies are pioneering the development of national ecosystem research network.
Studies on Modern Processes of Snow and Ice in West China A group led by Prof. Qin Dahe Creative achievements are made in genetically modified crops and environmental effects. in the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute has carried
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the functions of precipitation forecasting, rainfall-runoff modeling, river flood routing computation, and river flow and sediment simulation for the Three-Gorge Reservoir. This is the first cascading reservoir operating system with over 50 large-type reservoirs and multiple functions in the world. With this model, the flow change in river, reservoir state and function in the region can be inspected and inquired on computer screen in real-time. The system simulation will find a set of optimal operating schemes for variation inflow of reservoirs. This research Mountain glaciers in Western China proposed new operation rules, such as storage stream flow in earlier season, multilevel for flood control water stage. These results will out systematic investigations into physical and chemical processes of snow and ice and improve the river ecological conditions of into glacier variations and their water resource the Yangtze River, and largely increase the effects in West China. They have revealed comprehensive benefits of the Three-Gorge the processes of air-snow interface and snow Dam project. transformation into ice, demonstrated the glacier variations in different regions and their response to climate change, and made a projection for the future variability of various type glaciers and impacts on water resource. Moreover, through observations and corrections of solid precipitation in high mountains, they have drawn the spatial pattern of precipitation variability in West China. Additionally, distribution and variations of snow cover in The first flood discharge in the Three Gorges Project West China as well as their main causes have been recognized. All of these research results are valuable to further global change studies China’s Ecosystem Service Zoning and to ecological construction in West China. In cooperation with the State Environmental Protection Administration, the research group Operation Modeling System of Cascading led by Zhiyun Ouyang in the Research Center Reservoirs in Upper Yangtze River for Eco-Environmental Sciences mapped In cooperation,with Tsinghua University, out China Ecosystem Service Zoning(CESZ) the Institute of Mountain Hazards and based on systematic analysis of the ecosystem Environment, CAS, developed a reservoir characteristics,spatial patterns in China, and operation decision support system. It has comprehensive assessment of ecological
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sensitivity to human disturbances and Sciences, CAS, found that tetrachloro- ecosystem services. The proposed CESZ 1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ, a carcinogenic consists of 31 first-level zones, 67 second- metabolite of the widely used wood level zones, and 216 third-level zones. The preservative pentachlorophenol), rather than main ecosystem services and environmental its corresponding semiquinone anion radical- protection goals of each ecosystem service zone --the tetrachlorosemiquinone anion radical were identified. Fifty national critical ecosystem (TCSQ•-), is essential for HO• production. service districts which play important roles The major reaction product between TCBQ in China’s ecological security were identified. and H2O2 was identified by ESI-Q-TOF-MS The CESZ is a new fundamental achievement to be the ionic form of trichloro-hydroxy-1,4- for national environmental protection and benzoquinone (TrCBQ-OH), and H2O2 was found to be the source and origin of the oxygen regional development after the China Physic- atom inserted into the reaction product TrCBQ- Geographic Zoning and the China Agricultural OH. Based on the data, they proposed that Zoning. HO• production is not through a semiquinone- A Novel Mechanism for Metal-independent dependent organic Fenton reaction, but Production of Hydroxyl Radicals It has been through the following novel mechanism: a shown previously that hydroxyl radicals (HO•) nucleophilic attack of H2O2 to TCBQ, forming a trichloro-hydroperoxyl-1,4-benzoquinone can be produced by H2O2 and halogenated quinones independent of transition metal (TrCBQ-OOH) intermediate, which ions. However, the underlying molecular decomposes homolytically to produce HO•. mechanism is still not clear. Recently, using It was also found that halogenated quinones ESR secondary radical spin trapping method, could enhance the decomposition of organic Drs. Ben-Zhan Zhu, Yu-Guo Du and Gui- hydroperoxides and formation of alkoxyl Bin Jiang from the State Key Laboratory of radicals in a similar pathway. These findings Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, represent a novel mechanism of HO• and Research Center for Eco-Environmental alkoxyl radical formation not requiring redox- active transition metal ions, and may partly explain the potential carcinogenicity of widely used biocides including wood preservatives pentachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene, and Agent Orange. The above findings have been published consecutively in the prestigious scientific Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (Zhu et al. PNAS 104: 17575-17578 and 3698- 3702; 2007)
Main Ecological Processes and Their Regulation Strategies in China Farmland Ecosystems The research was supported Schematic diagram of molecular mechanism for by the National Basic Research Program of generation of hydroxyl radical China and coordinated by Professor Zhang
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Jiabao, a senior scientist from the Institute a characteristic of stability and adaptability of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of under long-term continuous fertilization, and Sciences. The results obtained from a series that long-term application of mineral fertilizers of long-term field experiments shew that N coupled with organic manure were helpful for use efficiency reached as high as 50-60% the succession of the microbial community with mineral fertilizer applied only under with highly efficient nutrient transformation. the conditions of balanced fertilization in Northern China. Compared with long-term Development and Commercialization application of mineral fertilizers, organic of Slow-release Compound Fertilizers manure led to a similar level of N use To address the problems of high investment, efficiency for dryland crops in South China. short and low efficiency and contamination On the other hand, scientists involved in the in the production and application of chemical project have investigated the mechanisms fertilizer in China, the research group led of water transportation in xylem vessels of by Prof. Shi Yuanliang have developed maize under water-stressed conditions, and slow-release compound fertilizers(SRCF) successfully developed a casting method for and commercialized the product. The vessels of maize. Combining the method of inhibitor synergistic interaction was used classical taxonomy and the technology of to control the nitrogen transformation modern molecular biology, soil microbial process and its forms in soil, and thus activities were comparatively studied in achieved a longer period of effectiveness, different temperature gradient zones in China’s a higher efficiency of fertilization and the farmland ecosystems. They initially reported reduction of environmental pollution. The that soil microbial community structure had product can decrease nitrogen runoff with rainwater by 48%-65%, reduce N2O emission by approximately 60% and improve the efficiency of fertilizer by 8-12 percent. The world’s largest production line of slow- release compound fertilizers was established in cooperation with local industry in 2007. The product has been widely used in China for a cumulative acre of 49.30 million mu, and created a total revenue of 2.6 billion RMB.
Formulations of Resource-Saving and Environment-Friendly Style Diet for Farming Animals Production In collaboration with other institutions, the research group led by Professor Yin Yulong, Institute of Experimental farm for farmland ecosystem research Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has tried to solve such existing
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problems as the low utilization efficiency of feed and increasing serious environment pollution by improving the portal vein catheter surgical technology and developing the methodologies of accurately evaluating endogenous nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and the true digestibility of the nitrogen and phosphorus. They have made a great achievement in manipulating metabolism of main nutrients in feeds, and have established a series of formulating technologies for resource saving and environment-friendly diets. Applying and extending these new technologies, the feed utilization efficiency can be improved by 5%-8% compared with NRC requirement standard, about
70,000 tons of protein and 27,300 tons of CaHPO4 can be saved annually in feed industry, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion can be reduced by 19%-25% and 12%-14% respectively, other mineral elements excretion can be decreased by more than 50 percent, the feed cost can be decreased by 160RMB/ ton.
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Awards and Honors
geography in China, making great contributions to effective protection of bio-diversity, proper utilization of plant resources and development of modern botany in China. He plays a critical role in compilation and research of Flora of China. He has published or jointly published 1766 new category of plants, and is one of the Chinese botanists who have discovered and named the biggest number of plants. He has systematically and comprehensively answered the question of species and distribution of existing plants in China. He scientifically classified the types Mr. Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, and President of of distribution area of plant genus and family the People’s Republic of China presented the prize to CAS member Wu Zhengyi who won the National Supreme Science and Technology Award in 2007. in China and explained their historical origin, forming a creative research method and academic thought on flora geography, providing The National Supreme Science & scientific basis for floristic classification of Technology Awards in 2007 plant community, resource conservation and territorial management. He has participated and CAS Member Wu Zhengyi Won the played a leading role in the theoretical research National Supreme Science & Technology and practice in effective protection and proper Award utilization of plant resources in China, and
Wu Zhengyi, born in June 1916 in Jiangxi and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1937, is a professor and honorary director of CAS Kunming Institute of Botany. He was formerly the deputy-director of CAS Institute for Systematic Botany and director of CAS Kunming Institute of Botany etc., and elected as a CAS member of Academic Division of Biology in 1955.
Prof. Wu Zhengyi is a famous Chinese botanist CAS member Wu Zhengyi (second from right) and an authoritative scholar in systematic inspected Shisha Pangma at Tibet in 1975. botany, phylogenetic botany and flora
50 Awards and Honors CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
promoted search, development, utilization, introduction and domestication of plant resources in China. His proposals on setting up “natural reserves” and “wild species resource bank” were highly accepted by the Chinese government, and the implementation of his proposals has helped to make a forward- looking deployment for biodiversity protection and sustainable use of resources in China.
13 Projects Granted with the National Natural Science Awards
CAS projects granted with the 2007 National Natural Science Awards
Project Title Institute Main Contributors Prize Based ring of two-sided cells Academy of of affine Weyl groups and Mathematics and Xi Nanhua Second prize representations of Affine Hecke Systems Science Algebra New nuclide synthesis of Xu Shuwei, Zhang medium-heavy neutron- Institute of Modern Yuhu, Zhou deficient region near drip line Second prize Physics Xiaohong, Li Zhankui and experimental research on and Xie Yuanxiang nuclear structure Zhu Daoben, Liu New photo-electric functional Yunqi, Yu Gui, Tang molecular material and related Institute of Chemistry Second prize Benzhong and Bai components Fenglian Research on functional electrode Changchun Institute surface – from chemical Dong Shaojun Second prize of Applied Chemistry modification to self-assembly Molecular assembly and Wan Lijun, Xu adjustment of solid-liquid Institute of Chemistry Qingmin, Pan Gebo Second prize interface and research on and Gong Jianru electrochemical STM Zhuo Zhonghe, Xu Xing, Wang Institute of Vertebrate Research on vertebrate group in Yuanqing, Zhang Palaeontology and Second prize Rehe Fucheng, Wan Palaeoanthropology Xiaolin, Hu Yaoming and Wang Yuan Wu Guoxiong, Liu Air-sea-land interaction and Institute of Yimin, Li Jianping, its impact on subtropical high Second prize Atmospheric Physics Yu Rucong and Zhou pressure and regional climate Tianjun
51 Awards and Honors CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Xue Yongbiao, Zhang Institute of Genetics Molecular mechanism of self Yansheng, Lai Zhao, and Developmental Second prize incompatibility of phanerogam Qiao Hong and Zhou Biology Junli Research on intelligent control Institute of Wang Feiyue Second prize theory and methods Automation For reaction, synthesis and Ma Dawei, Ju Bin, Shanghai Institute of property of some amino acid Zhu Wei, Yu Shouyun Second prize Organic Chemistry derivatives and Cai Qian
Dialogue mechanism between Pei Gang, Ma Lan, the signal of G protein-coupled Shanghai Institutes for Gao Hua, Cheng Second prize receptor and other cell signal Biological Sciences Zhijie and Jing Qing passages
Han Bin, Feng Qi, Draft sequence and functional Shanghai Institutes for Zhang Yujun, Wang Second prize analysis of Rice chromosome 4 Biological Sciences Shengyue and Xue Yongbiao
Research on target dynamic Jiang Hualiang, Shen behavior and function relation Shanghai Institute of Jianhua, Shen Xu, Second prize of important pharmacological Materia Medica Luo Xiaomin and Liu function and their drug design Hong
Note: only those projects contributed mainly by CAS institutes are included.
Projects Granted with the National Technology Invention Awards CAS projects granted with the 2007 National Technology Invention Awards Project Title Institute Main Contrbutors Prize
Yang Mingjiang, Chen Guangnan, The technology and its Wang Hongcai, Second application of YAG laser Institute of Mechanics Lin Bin, Peng Linhua and Wu prize texturing roller Jian
Large size lead tungstate Yan Dongsheng, Yin Zhiwen, Shanghai Institute of Second crystals and their preparation Liao Jingying, Shen Bingfu, Ceramics prize techniques Yuan Hui and Shao Peifa
Intensifying heat transfer Zheng Zhi, Wang Guoqing, Institute of Metal Second technique for ethylene Zhu Yaoxiao, Chen Deye, Jin Research prize cracking furnace tube Zongxian and Chen Shuo
Note: only those projects contributed mainly by CAS institutes are included .
52 Awards and Honors CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
Projects Granted the National Science & Technology Advancement Awards CAS projects granted with the 2007 National Science & Technology Advancement Awards
Project Title Institute Main Contributors Prize
Hybrid breeding Zhang Guofan, Zhao Hongen, Liu technique of Haliotis Institute of Xiao, Zhang Jinshi, Zhou Yanjun, Second prize discus hannai and its Oceanology Yan Jingping, Wang Qi, Huang Jian breeding process system and Zhang Yuqin
Utilization technology Zhang Si, Wu Jun, Wen Kewei, South China of the active substance Long Lijuan, Qi Shuhua, Sun Huili, Sea Institute of Second prize of tropic marine Wang Shikui, Xiang Wenzhou, Oceanology organisms Wang Youshao and Zhang Shizhong
Cao Yi, Zhang Baowen, Cheng Technical Xuexin, Shao Qinxiang, Liu New technology for Institute of Yongyong, Ma Wende, Ma Second prize vitamin D3 Physics and Huanzheng, Liu Xiaoping, Wang Chemistry Xuesong and Zhang Jiancheng
Li Yulin, Huo Junmin, Yao Shengli, Gradient refractive Xi’an Institute of Gao Feng, Lu Min, Wang Lili, Hu index optical material Optics and Fine Second prize Baowen, Yan Guoan, Jiao Guohua and micro-lens series Mechanics and Li Baitao
Key technology and Changchun Wang Lijun, Ning Yongqiang, application of Al-free Institute of Optics, Liu Yun, Xu Zuyang, Qin Li, Yan Second prize quantum well high Fine Mechanics Changling, Cui Dafu, Li Lina, Liao power laser and Physics Xinsheng and Tao Getao
Complex ecosystem Research Wang Rusong, Ouyang Zhiyun, Zhao theory,sustainable Center for Eco- Jingzhu, Lu Yonglong, Hu Dan, Lin Second prize development models environmental Shunkun, Xing Zhengang, Xu Bin, and demonstration Sciences Li Wanqing and Xu Hongxi Zhang Runzhi, Tian Changyan, Eco-control technology Zhu Enlin, Zhao Hongshan, Institute of for cotton aphids in Liang Hongbin, Li Jing, Li Ping, Second prize Zoology Xinjiang Yang Dong, Wang Linxia and Lin Ronghua Comprehensive Suo Yourui, Wang Honglun, exploitation & Northwest Li Yulin, Chen Guichen, Fang utilization of Nitraria Institute of Zhenkun, Zhou Changfan, Huang Second prize resources in Chaidamu Plateau Biology Yali, Li Tiancai, You Jinmao and Basin and its Ding Chenxu industrialization
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Cold and Wang Tao, Zheng Xiaojing, Zhao Desertification proces Arid Regions Halin, Dong Zhibao, Wang Naiang, and its control in the Environmental Second prize Zhao Xueyong, Zhou Youhe, Wu northern China and Engineering Wei, Zhang Tonghui and Xue Xian Research Institute Optical monitoring Liu Wenqing, Liu Jianguo, Wei system for air quality Qingnong, Xie Pinhua, Zhang Hefei Institutes of and environmental Yujun, Lu Yihuai, Liu Shisheng, Second prize Physical Science pollution source and its Wang Fengping, Lu Fan and Song application Bingchao Integrated agricultural water saving Institute of Xu Zhenci, Hu Chunsheng, Wang technology system and Genetics and Yukun, Chen Suying, Zhao Yong, demonstration in the Second prize Developmental Su Hongyong, Xie Ligui, Pei Dong, drought-prone and well- Biology Cheng Yisong and Zhang Xiying dependent irrigation area of Northern China
Hao Bolin, Feng Duan, Lu Tan, Yu Institute of Physics changes the Lu, Zhang Liyuan, Wu Jiawei, Zhao Theoretical Second prize world Kaihua, Jiang Shuhua, Luo Liaofu Physics and Zhang Shuyu
Note: only those projects contributed mainly by CAS institutes are included.
CAS Outstanding Science and dynamics, and making outstanding contributions to Technology Achievement Award the development of chemical reactive dynamics. He 2007 has published more than 130 peer-reviewed papers, including 5 in Science, 1 in Nature, 8 in PRL Outstanding Scientist Award (1 person) and 1 in JACS. He was the editor in chief of an Winner: Yang Xueming academic monograph in English. His achievement Institute: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics in chemical reactive dynamics has got extensive Major S&T Achievements: He promoted the attention and high appraise from the academic experimental research of reactive scattering circle, and the relevant research achievement dynamics to the high level of rotation-vibration was elected as “China’s Top 10 S& T News in quantum resolution by using internationally 2006”. He was elected the fellow of the American advanced self-developed molecular beam Physical Society in 2006. He has been the director instrument, making a series of important of the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction achievements in research on chemical reactive Dynamics for years. In addition, he is the chief quantum transition state and resonant state scientist of a 973 Project, making distinguished dynamics, addressing some internationally contributions to the development of chemical recognized scientific problems in reactive dynamics in China.
54 Awards and Honors CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
Outstanding Team Awards Research Team of Some Frontier Issues EAST Big Science Project Team in Intense Field Physics Institute: Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Institute: Institute of Physics Major Contributors: Wan Yuanyi Weng Peide Major Contributors: Zhang Jie Sheng Zhengming Li Jiangang Wei Zhiyi Team Members: Gao Daming Wu Songtao Team Members: Li Yutong Lu Xin Dong Quanli Wan Baonian Fu Feng Bai Hongyu Teng Hao Wang Zhaohua Yuan Xiaohui Yu Bi Yanfang Zhang Xiaodong Yiao Damao Quanzhi Xi Tingting Ling Weijun Wu Huichun Wu Weiyue Wang Kongjia Wu Yu Chen Hao Zuoqiang Zhang Zhe Jin Zhan Chen Min Zhuomin Luo Jiarong Pan Yinnian Xu Miaohua Zheng Zhiyuan Wang Feng Gu Xuemao Liu Xiaoning Liu Zhengzhi Major S&T Achievments: By using serial Major S&T Achievements: The EAST big innovative cell technology, the research team science project team braved difficulties and has established the serial ultra-intense laser hardships in an indomitable and innovative facility with comprehensive performance up to spirit and addressed a series of critical technical the world-advanced level, and independantly problems in large-scale superconducting developed the intense field physics research magnets and large-scale low-temperature platform consisting of the relevant experimental refrigeration in the conditions of fund diagnostic equipment and numerical simulation shortage, weak industrial foundation in China programme. They have made in-depth research and no any other experimental advanced on some frontier issues in intense field physics, superconducting Tokamak device available especailly finding the rules for interconversion in the world. Through domestic cooperation of ultra-short ultra-intense laser absorption and extensive international exchange as well mechanism, put forward the new mechanisms as carrying out construction and research & on stochastic heating and stochastic acceleration development simultaneously, they designed and of intense laser field to electrons, realized the manufactured key components, accomplished directional transmission and control of ultra- the general assembly, successfully carried hot electrons generated by the intense field, out the commissioning of the project and confirmed the focusing action of the conical two rounds of physical experiments, realized target to the ultra-hot electron in the new high-temperature plasma discharge of limiter method for fast ignition in laser fusion and configuration and various diverter configurations revealed the secrect of neutron intensification for the first time, and established the first full- as conical target that puzzled people for many superconducting non-circular section Tokomak years, put forward the new theory on generation fusion experimental device that has operated of ultra-intense THz radiation and preliminarily successfully in the world. With complete verified the theory with experiments, and intellectual property right, this device reaches discovered the rule on the transmission of ultra- the leading level of similar devices in the world. short ultra-intense laser in atmosphere and the The team was evaluated as “CAS Advanced generation of super-long distance self-focusing Unit” by the Ministry of Personnel and CAS in laser plasma channel etc. The research results 2006, and honored the title of “Advanced Unit have been highly recognized and extentively of Anhui Province” in 2007.
55 Awards and Honors CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
quoted by domestic and foreign peers in the S&T innovations, such as fundamental research circle of intense-field physics. on the physical and chemical effects of SOI structure forming by injecting large amount Research Team of High-end Silicon- of ion, the key technology with breakthrough based Soi Materials in industrialization of SOI materials and the Institute: Shanghai Institute of Microsystem new process for preparing SOI with super low and Information Technology dose (SLD) oxygen ion injection, the unique Major Contributors: Wang Yi Lin Chenlu new Simbond SOI technology combing the Chen Meng two technologies of seperation by implantation Team Members: Zhang Miao Yu Yuehui of oxygen (SIMOX) and bonding, the great Zhang Feng Li Wei Song Zhitang improvement of the radiation-resistant Zhang Zhengxuan Liu Weili Lin Zixin performance of SOI material with ion beam Chen Jing Xu Yanfen Chen Xuemei modification technology, the sucessful Li Dongfang Zhu Aiqin Ye Fei Lin Xinru development of new SOI structural materials Li Shouchen Feng Songlin that can effectively overcome the self-heating Major S&T Achievements: SOI (Silicon-on- effect of SOI, and the successful production Insulator) technology is the forefront in the of 4-6 inch SOI products by Shanghai Simgui world’s microelectronics sector, and SOI circuit Technology Co., Ltd., which was incubated features high speed, low power consumption by Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and and radiation resistance, so it has been widely Information Technology and becomes one of recognized as the Silicon-Based Integrated the leading suppliers of high-end silicon-based Circuit Technology of the 21st Centrury in the materials in the world. world. With a view to meeting the important scientific & technological requirements for The research team has made great contributions sustainable development of the microelectronics to the sustainable development of the industry in China, the team conducted microelectronics and the relevant industries in systematic and in-depth research on the SOI China, and the SOI material research project technology, realized the industrialization of won a first prize of the 2006 National Science & SOI materials, and made a series of critical Technology Advancement Award.
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Supporting Conditions
The year 2007 witnessed major progress in implementing the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS, with many breakthroughs achieved in the supporting conditions and remarkable achievements made in major scientific equipment, documentation & information system, scientific research & education facilities, and so on.
Big Science Projects Big Science Projects under Construction Experimental Advanced Superconducting Non-circular Section Tokamak Device (EAST) Passed the Acceptance Examination The construction of the first full- superconducting non-circular section EAST fusion device independently designed and developed by the Hefei Institute of Plasma Physics was fully completed and passed the national acceptance examination on March 1, 2007. It was highly appraised by domestic and foreign experts. Here are the comments from the Experimental advanced superconducting non-circular section Tokamak EAST International Advisory Committee at the device (EAST) second conference on the construction of EAST: “EAST is the only Tokomak device in the world with similar design as the full-superconducting project HIRFL-CSR undertaken by the Institute magnetic field ITER”. The high-quality of Modern Physics was fully completed, and construction of EAST left a deep impression the technical appraisal was accomplished for to the Committee, “the design, pre-research, the device. The expert group held that the construction and trial operation of the EAST construction of the technical system for the fusion device accomplished independently cooling storage ring of heavy-ion accelerator within such a short time was an extraordinary had been fully accomplished with high quality, achievement in the world’s fusion engineering and the equipment operated normally, so it sector, marking an important milestone in the was approved to be submitted for the national world’s fusion energy development.” acceptance. The test by domestic and foreign experts showed that each technical parameter Construction of the Cooling Storage Ring of the project reached or exceeded the of Heavy-Ion Research Accelerator Facility design requirement, the maximum energy of in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR) fully completed accelerating ion and beam intensity created the The construction of the national big science new record among similar accelerator systems
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in the world, and innovation and breakthroughs were made in the aspects such as electronic cooler, experimental ring capacity, large-scale ultrahigh vacuum and digital network control etc. Above 70% equipment were developed successfully, creating the best performance- to-price ratio among similar equipment in the world, a team of young scientists and engineers with international level were fostered, and the leap-forward development of enterprises in the relevant technology in China, especially enterprises in western China, was promoted. Its The figure above: main ring of the major national science construction will greatly promote the innovation project “HIRFL-CSR” capability in nuclear physics, hadron physics, The figure on bottom right: injection, accumulation, high energy density physics, high charge atomic acceleration and 12C flow velocity induction of the main ring The figure on bottom left: injection and 660McV/u’s flow physics, radiation material, radiation biology velocity storage of the experimental ring (treating cancer) and space radiation research.
Shanghai Light Source Project In 2007, accelerator project was fully installed, and they further breakthrough progress was made in the are now under commissioning and beam tuning. development, installation and commissioning This is about four months ahead of schedule. of the process equipment of the Shanghai The beam of the linear accelerator fully reached Light Source project undertaken by Shanghai the designed target by the end of June, and the Institute of Applied Physics after its civil linear accelerator is now under commissioning; construction and public utility works were fully 3.5GeV high-energy electron beam extraction accomplished in 2006. The equipment of the was accomplished for the intensifier by the end of October, and the beam basically reached the pre-set beam intensity target by the end of November; all the equipment of the storage link were installed in November, and the commissioning of the subsystem was accomplished in December, and beam tuning is now underway. The equipment for beamline stations is being processed and manufactured, of which the equipment for the front-end area has been installed. On December 24, the storage ring of SSRF successfully realized 30 billion eV electron beam storage, and the first beam of synchrotron radiation light that had long been expected was observed. This was another major
The figure below: the aerial image of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility advancement for the SSRF project since its The figure on top left: the linear accelerator of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility linear accelerator produced beams on May 15 The figure on top middle: the intensifier of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility The figure on top right: the storage ring of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the electron beam energy of its intensifier rose to 35 billion eV on October 5.
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Upgrading of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider Project (BEPCII) The BEPCII project undertaken by the Institute of High Energy Physics progressed smoothly, with the key equipment fully upgraded. A lot of key equipment was manufactured domestically for the first time, especially the large-scale superconducting solenoid magnets, main drift chambers, special magnets for collision area, positive electron source and so on. The beam tuning for the storage ring of the BEPCII project proceeded rapidly, with multi-bunch realizing positive and negative electron collision in a very short time, and at present, the intensity of Upgraded Beijing electron-positron collider: from single ring to double ring collision beam is approximately 140 mA×140 mA; the maximum intensity of electron beam of the storage ring has exceeded 500 mA; the the preliminary commissioning for the guiding special model for BEPCII synchronization system had been completed, and it is expected that radiation realized the vertical beam orbit the commissioning for all the equipment will be stability of less than ±10um, close to the completed by the end of August 2008. advanced level of slow beam orbit feedback of the third generation synchronization radiation Newly-Built Big Science Facilities light source in the world; and the positive electron injection speed has exceeded 50 mA/ 2007 was a year in which a number of projects min. This showed that the accelerator has fully were initiated on big science facilities. surpassed the level before upgrading. Strict The project initialization was accomplished quality control was implemented for BEPCII, for the comprehensive ground meridian chain and the construction period and the expenditure monitoring project of the eastern hemisphere space were controlled within the planned scope. environment (Meridian Project) undertaken by the Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Chinese Academy of Sciences, and for the high Telescope Project (LAMOST) The civil magnetic field experimental equipment undertaken construction of the LAMOST project undertaken by Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences. by the National Astronomical Observatories has The proposals for the aerospace remote been fully completed, and it is now in preparation sensing systems undertaken by the Institute of for national acceptance review. In August 2007, Electronics, the 500-Meter Aperture Spherical the small system produced light, started trial Radio Telescope (FAST) undertaken by the observation and passed the review by experts. National Astronomical Observatories, and the In addition, the manufacturing, installation comprehensive marine scientific exploration ship and commissioning of the process equipment undertaken by the Institute of Oceanography are now underway. By the end of December were approved by the National Development and 2007, the installation and commissioning for 12 Reform Commission. segmented mirrors of the primary corrector Ma and 4 light spectrometers had been completed, The proposal for the Chinese Spallation
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Neutron Source Project (CSNS) undertaken by the Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS received expert evaluation organized by China International Engineering Consulting Corporation.
Key Laboratories National Laboratories The construction plan for Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, where the Institute of Chemistry will participate in the construction, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, where the Institute of Oceanography will participate in the construction, have passed expert review
organized by the Ministry of Science and CAS Member Wang Enduo with State Key Laboratory of Technology. Molecular Biology gave a lecture to her graduate students. Upon approval by the Ministry of Science and Technology, CAS has newly built 8 national key laboratories, i.e. State Key Laboratory for Automation), State Key Laboratory for Rare Vegetation Systems and Environment (Institute Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications of Botany), State Key Laboratory for Neural (Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry), Science (Shanghai Institutes for Biological State Key Laboratory for Freezing Zone Sciences), State Key Laboratory for Lakes and Science (Institute for Cold and Arid Regions Environment (Nanjing Institute of Geography Environmental & Engineering Research), and and Limnology), State Key Laboratory for State Key Laboratory for Genetic Resources Geomechanics and Geoengineering (Wuhan and Evolution (Kunming Institute of Zoology). Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics), State Key Laboratory for Robotics (Shenyang Institute of Up to now, CAS has totally 75 national key laboratories. 6 national key laboratories, including the State Key Laboratory of Intense Field Laser Physics which started construction in 2005, have passed the construction acceptance by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Among the 5 outstanding laboratories in the evaluation on state key laboratories for information science organized by the Ministry of The experts inspected State Key Laboratory of High Science and Technology, 3 laboratories belong Field Laser Physics. to CAS, namely State Key Laboratory for
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Pattern Recognition (Institute of Automation), timely issued “International Important Sci-Tech State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics Information Special Newspaper” and “Sci-Tech (Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics), Development Trend Monitoring”. and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Documentation and information services Optoelectronics (Institute of Semiconductor). 14 national electronic resources were newly CAS key Laboratories added, 97 documentation databases were put into operation, 7684 scientific and technological After the laboratories such as Key Laboratory periodicals in foreign language were available, for Special Inorganic Coatings (Shanghai the full-text download volume reached 20 Institute of Ceramics), Chemical and Physical million articles, and the secondary search for Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Material documents amounted to over 4 million times. (Fujian Institute of Matter Structure Research), The overall service volume of the document Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy and transmission system in the whole year was more Power Technology (Institute of Engineering than 130,000 articles. The resources safeguard Thermophysics) and Key Laboratory for Green system and integrated information service Process and Engineering (Institute of Process portal were established, the individualized and Engineering) were approved, the total number discipline- and knowledge-oriented services for of CAS key laboratories is over 70. end users were strengthened, and service quality was improved greatly. Technical support and service for Construction of Documentation documentation CAS introduced the and Information System E-through, the integrated information service platform for institutes, and the organization Strategic information service To address warehousing platform for institutes, which have the major issues in national economic interdisciplinary integration capability, and and social development, CAS organized established the strategic information sharing a series of investigations so as to provide platform, the interdisciplinary integrated the supporting services directly for policy retrieval platform for National Science Library making. For example, “World Greenhouse and the demonstration system for long-term Gas Emissions Evaluation Indices and Their preservation of digital information resources, Result Analysis” was submitted to the revelant technically promoting cross-system and cross- national departments for reference. According application integration service ability and to the information requirements for significant creating the conditions for users to obtain resources and services. strategic policy making, CAS organized special investigations such as “Major Issues of Great Concer by Major National and International Sci-Tech Organizations” and “Analysis of Scientific Periodicals and Book International Sci-Tech Competitiveness”. Publication Upon requests from CAS headquarters,some CAS launched the institutional reform for scientific special information investigation reports were periodicals, with the journal Science in China as the submitted. CAS has established the strategic first pilot test, restarted “Small 100 Talents Program information research monitoring system, and in Documentation, Publication and Periodicals”,
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Phase III of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (including 88 subprojects) all passed the national examination and approval, with total floor space of 2.125 million square meters, including newly-built floor space of 1.761 million square meters and reconstructed floor space of 364,000 square meters, involving a total investment of over RMB7 billion.
General planning and design of science parks Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health is According to the general planning of Phase III located at Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, with total planned land area of of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program, 2 2 64,500m and total construction area of 68,700 m . CAS has accomplished the examination and approval of the planning for Huairou new for attracting outstanding professionals, with the campus of Graduate University of the Chinese pilot reform in Cell Research. Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute for Bio-medical & Health Research and The Science Press and the editorial department Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, of Acta Metallurgica Sinica earned the advanced publishing units in the first China’s government as well as for the adjustment scheme of the award for publishing. Li Shuanke of China planning for Zhongguancun Science City, National Geography Press and Xiao Hong of Fujian Institute of Matter Structure Research the Science Press were honored outstanding and Beijing New Technology Base etc. individuals in publishing, Originations, Progress of construction projects 27 projects Radiations and Biodiversity Changes – Evidences started construction, of which 62 were under from the Chinese Fossil Record published by the Science Press and Flora of China won the construction, 51 were completed, and 106 book prize, Climate and Environment Changes passed the acceptance. in China published by the Science Press won the nomination for the book prize, and Imagination published by Beijing Hope Electronic Press won the nomination for the audio and video electrical network publication prize.
Construction of Scientific Research and Education Infrastructure The Projects constructed in Phase III of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program Huairou new campus of Graduate University of Chinese The proposals for 6 major projects and 13 Academy of Sciences is located at northeast Yanqi Lake, Huaibei Town, Huairou District, with total planned projects of CAS branches for scientific research 2 land area of 863,500m and construction area controlled and education infrastructure construction in within 420,000 m2.
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Informatization level IRC system began to provide data analysis service to the competent departments CAS work plan for informatization concerned. The institute-level ARP system during the 11th Five-Year Plan period was standard unification and upgrading were implemented and the blueprint for digital accomplished, and the institute-level Academy in the future was formally released IRC service function was strengthened, to CAS headquarters and institutes. fundamentally improving system reliability. Practical measures are now taken to improve Through in-depth analysis and overall the stability and safety of the ARP system, coordination, CAS further specified the and the investigation on the implementation general arrangement, development concept, scheme of ARP Phase II was carried out and objectives and targets of major informatization the implementation scheme was formulated, tasks, such as network infrastructure, and ARP application was promoted smoothly. supercomputing, scientific database, e-Science virtual laboratory, and education informationization. The discussion and exchange between the Supercomputing Expert Field Observation and Research Committee and the Scientific Database Expert Stations Committee was organized successively for 5 “Strategic Plan in 2020 (First draft)” was times, and “CAS Supercomputing Demand formulated for the Chinese Ecosystem Research and Layout Research Report” and “CAS Network (CERN). The construction of central Scientific Database Resources Integration and stations was strengthened, the regional overall Sustainable Development Research Report” observation and experimental capacity was were submitted. further improved, feasibility assessment of In addition, the acceptance and evaluation the capacity building scheme for 9 ecosystem of ARP Phase I was completed. The relevant research stations, 3 special environment research pilot work was accomplished smoothly, CAS- stations and 3 Sun- Earth space environment
Tibet Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory
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The construction of South China Botanical Garden, Wuhan Botanical Garden and Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and the reconstruction of 34 special gardens were accomplished, over 6800 plant species were newly added, and the seeds of over 11700 plant species were collected. In addition, the landscape of these botanical gardens was beautified, with a number of scenic spots added. In digitalizing botanical gardens, the live plant bar code management was accomplished. In addition, digital plant management was realized Research personnel carried out investigation on wild germplasm resources. for information acquisition system, plant localization and special gardens.
The specimen hall construction reached research stations were accomplished. The layout the upper middle level compared with the of field stations was improved continuously, same kinds of national specimen halls in the and Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake wetland stations and grassland station for headstreams advanced countries, laying a solid foundation of the Three Rivers were put into construction for constructing “National Biological Specimen by mainly relying on institutes and local Hall”. Among the 37 construction projects, 17 governments. The construction of the offshore have passed the professional acceptance and 19 sea observation research network proceeded have passed all acceptances, and the completed 2 smoothly, the preparation of the work report for floor space was 87612 m , in which 15.89 constructing Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South million animal, plant and bacteria specimens China Sea and Xisha stations has started, and were preserved, promoting the role of scientific the co-construction with local governments has research, science popularization and specimen been implemented. The international long-term preservation. ecological research network conference was successfully convened, which demonstrated the China’s Southwest Wild Biological Germplasm research achievements of CAS field stations Resource Bank was constructed and put into and provided an opportunity to learn the operation. The construction items include seed methods and experiences from oversea long- bank, plant stem segment bank, microorganism term observation research networks. bank, animal germplasm resources bank, DNA bank and information center and so on. The seeds of over 30 families of approximately 750 Botanical Gardens, Specimen Halls plant species were collected, over 5000 shares and Wild Germplasm Resource Banks of the seeds of 3000 plant species were kept in The infrastructure of botanical garden system the bank, and international exchange for 750 and their scientific contents were improved. shares of wild plant seeds was accomplished.
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Human Resource
In 2007, in accordance with the new situation and new tasks for human resource management in Phase III of the Knowledge Innovation Program, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) constantly followed the concept of People Centered Development, further emancipated the mind, strengthened study on strategic planning, gradually deepened reform of personnel system, steadily optimized allocation of human resources, strove to build a first-class innovative talent team with proper size, rational structure and high quality, constantly raised the education quality, and actively created a harmonious development environment. All tasks were progressed smoothly.
Structure of Innovation Team support, among them 89 were introduced through the Outstanding Overseas Scholars Program. By the end of the year, the number of staff appointed with CAS’ knowledge innovation The West Light Program gave support to 221 positions had reached 24,400. Among them, research groups in the year, and the Northeast the staff holding doctor’s degree accounted Spring Program funded 14 research teams. for 38.1% of the total, and master’s degree 22.4%; the staff with senior professional titles The International Innovation Partnership accounted for 24.5% of the total, and those with Program was set up to promote the teamwork associate senior professional titles 30.6%. In of “win-win cooperation” among outstanding terms of age, 57.6% of the staff were below the talents both at home and abroad. In 2007, CAS age of 40, 29.0% in the age cohort of 41- 50, established and approved 16 teams for trial and only 13.4% above 50. The structure of the innovation team was further optimized.
Talents Attraction and Training In 2007, 57 young professors of the Academy won the National Fund for Excellent Young Scientists, accounting for 31.6% of the national total; 13 research groups won the Fund for Innovation Research Teams, accounting for 44.8%. 59 brilliant scientists were introduced through the Hundred Talents Program, among them 57 were selected through the Outstanding Overseas Scholars Program. 95 scientists who had YU Shu Hong Task Group. Yu Shu Hong is one of the selected candidates of “One-Hundred Talents Program”. served for more than one year won merit-based
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operation, in which there were 103 overseas members. Under the Einstein Professorship Program, 9 renowned scientists were invited, delivering a total of 20 academic lectures, in which around 1500 scientific research personnel and postgraduates participated, and exchanges between the scientists from 20 research institutes in the relevant fields were carried out. To strengthen the talents training, The training group consisting of institute-level leaders visited promote international cooperation and expand Plasma Physics Center of Princeton University. the cooperation channels, the Sino-Europe Joint Training Program for PhD Students was further implemented, and 47 doctoral candidates were undergraduate students in the University of sent to Germany for further study. Under the Science and Technology of China and 14,315 Fellowship for International Young Researcher postgraduate students were enrolled, up 3.3% Program, the first 18 overseas outstanding over the previous year, including 5,749 PhD talents were attracted to study and work within candidates and 8,566 candidates for master’s CAS. In 2007, CAS sponsored 311 students degree. The number of postgraduate students and scholars to study overseas. totaled 41,961, including 17,166 doctoral candidates and 24,795 master’s degree candidates. By the end of the year, there were Degree Education 1,578 post-doctoral researchers at the research stations. A total of 115 CAS institutes enrolled postgraduate students, and 84 of the institutes Among the national top 100 doctoral set up a total of 127 research stations dissertations in 2007, 15 were contributed for postdoctoral fellows. In 2007, 1963 by CAS, accounting for 15.3% of the total. The application for third batch of State-level Key Disciplines organized by the Ministry of Education,the University of Science and Technology of China got a good result, with a total of 8 State-level First Degree Disciplines, 4 State-level Secondary Disciplines, and 2 State-level (incubation) Secondary Disciplines, and the number of its State-level First Degree Disciplines ranked the sixth in all higher educational institutions in China.
Continued Education and Training Donation ceremony for “CAS Zhu Li Yue Hua Scholarship & Fellowship”, which opens up new channel for CAS to attract social resources for running schools. Through regulation and optimal allocation of resources to fully motivate the initiative of all
66 Human Resource CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
units, according to the different requirements of the leaders, professionals, management and technical supporting personnel, CAS carried out short-term trainings, seminars, lectures and further education to strengthen continual education and training for various kinds of talents. The curriculum for continued education was further improved, and the teaching standards and curriculum for CAS-level training programs were formulated and improved. In 2007, CAS carried out 255 various training classes for management personnel, with participants up to 8100 person-times, including over 680 institute- level leaders. CAS carried 5 overseas training classes, with a total of 101 participants. The number of training classes and participants last year was slightly greater than that of previous years.
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International Cooperation
In 2007, CAS conducted omni-directional, multilevel, and high-level bilateral and multilateral international cooperation in science and technology, promulgated the first Development Plan for International Cooperation, set up the International Science & Technology Cooperation Award, initiated and fostered the establishment of coordinating mechanism of international science & technology cooperation among national ministries and agencies, and promoted a series of important international cooperation projects. In 2007, there were 9161 person-times outbound CAS visits, while 16508 person-times incoming visits to CAS. 299 bilateral and multilateral meetings were held, and 13 new international scientific cooperation agreements were signed.
Promulgate the First Development To implement this plan, the policies were worked Plan for International Cooperation out for undertaking international cooperative projects, and a series of rules and regulations In March 2007, the first international cooperation were specified for management of international plan, CAS Development Plan for International S&T cooperation agreements, management Cooperation 2006-2010, was issued since CAS of outbound visits for public services, and founding in 1949, stating clearly the guidlines, management of bilateral joint institutions etc. objectives, key tasks and major measures for promoting international cooperation. This plan is complementary with the Outline for CAS Mid and Long-term Science & Technology Development. Set Up CAS International Science and Technology Cooperation Award CAS International Science and Technology Cooperation Award was set up in recognition of foreign experts who have made outstanding contributions to CAS international science and technology cooperation, and to extending CAS impacts on science and technology development. In this connection, Regulations and procedures for CAS International Science and Technology Cooperation Award were worked out. The first awards were given to Professor Scott Douglas Rozelle from the CAS President Lu Yongxiang delivered a speech at the International Institute of Stanford University, Sustainable Energy Forum USA, and Professor Lothar Reh from Swiss
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Organize High-level and Official Overseas Visits In 2007, 52 delegations headed by CAS top leaders made official visits to European countries such as Germany, France, the U.K., Spain, the Nordic countries and Russia; to the American and Oceania countries including U.S.A., Canada, Southern America CAS President Lu Yongxiang and the winners of CAS countries and Australia; to the Asian and International Science and Technology Cooperation Award African countries such as Japan, India, Malaysia and the U.A.E. including their Federal Institute of Technology, through a fair, national scientific research institutions, open and transparent selection process. famous universities, transnational enterprises and government departments etc; and to some relevant universities in Hong Kong Initiate and Foster the Special Administrative Regions. All these Establishment of Coordinating have resulted in plentiful and substantial Mechanism of International achievements. Science and Technology Received More Than 120 Incoming Senior Cooperation Among Government Visitors CAS received delegations of the Departments National Research Center of France, the In order to strengthen exchange and Nuclear Commission of France, the National collaboration with relevant ministries and Academy of Agriculture of France, the commissions in international cooperation National Institute of Health and Medicine, and enhance international cooperation level, and the French Academy of Engineering CAS initiated and positively took part in the Sciences; Chairman of German Fraunhofer- establishment of coordinating mechanism Gesellschaft Association of Applied of international science and technology Technology; President of Russian Academy cooperation among government departments, of Sciences; President of Siberian Branch of which was headed by Ministry of Science Russian Academy of Sciences; Vice President and Technology of China, and held a number of Czech Academy of Sciences; Chief of activities together with Commission Executive Officers of BP Company; Vice of Science, Technology and Industry for President of National Science Foundation of National Defense (COSTIND), China USA; Science Advisor of Cuba State Council; Association for Science and Technology, Vice Premier & Minister of Science of Korea; National Natural Science Foundation of Minister of Science of Thailand; former China and State Administration of Foreign Minister of Japanese Ministry of Education, Experts Affairs, aiming at reinforcing Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; and communication among ministries and Vice President of Vietnamese Academy of relevant organizations. Sciences.
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S&T Cooperation, CAS-Max Planck Society Workshop on Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights Management, Sino-Russian Symposium on Resource Environment and Sustainable Development, the 10th Sino-American Frontier Science Seminar, the 4th Sino-Australian Science and Technology Seminar, the 2nd Sino-Japanese Round-table Conference on Science and Technology, the 4th CAS-Korean Academy of Science and Technology Symposium on Technological Cooperation, and CAS- Nobel Laureates Beijing Forum 2007 Thailand Ministry of Science and Technology Seminar on Technological Cooperation.
Successful Publication of IAC-CAS Energy Reports Professor Steven Chu, winner of Nobel Physics Prize, Director of US Promote Key Projects for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory International Cooperation and co-chair IAC study Panel on Energy, and Dr. Campbell, IAC Executive Director, The projects were intended to deepen participated in this event. Professor Chu, cooperation with European countries, push officially met by Chinese Premier Wen forward the cooperation with the USA and Jiabao. The IAC energy report Lighting the Australia, strengthen the cooperation with Way: Toward a Sustainable Energy Future Japan and Korea, reinforce the cooperation was translated into Chinese and sent to with Russia, and develop the cooperation relevant organizations for reference. with developing countries.
Jointly Held Nobel Laureates Beijing Forum In 2007, CAS-Kavli Institute of Theoretic 2007 with Beijing Municipal Government Physics was jointly set up with the US Kavli On the Nobel Laureates Beijing Forum 2007, Foundation. The Sino-American Daya Bay jointly held for the 2nd time with Beijing Neutrino Experiment has so far been the municipal government, CAS invited Nobel largest bilateral cooperation project in basic Prize winners and made arrangements for the sciences. academic activities; the Forum exerted good social impacts, and both parties agreed on The Particle Physics Joint Laboratory joint organization of the 3rd forum in 2008. and Microgravity Joint Laboratory were Successfully Held Series of International established jointly with National Research Conferences Important international Center of France and the Atomic Energy symposia held last year included CAS- Agency of France; and Wuhan Liver Diseases EU Workshop on Health, the 2nd CAS- Joint Laboratory was set up jointly with French Nordic Strategic Forum on International Institute of Health and Medicine; China Clean
70 International Cooperation CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
CAS along with Siberia Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences had set up the Sino- Russia Joint Laboratory for Rare Earth Functional Materials, and substantial achievements had been made in Sino-Russian Science Park; further carried out the CAS- Russia, Ukraine and Belarus Cooperation Foundation; and smoothly promoted cooperative mechanism in resources and CAS and Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences jointly established environment with western and northern the Sino-Russia Joint Laboratory for Rare Earth Functional Materials. bordering countries in Central Asia, in an effort to bring them into the framework of Energy Commercialization Center was set up Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). jointly with BP Company; Sino-Dutch Joint In May 2007, CAS signed with Japan Research Center on Systematic Chemistry and the 3rd round of Scientific Agreement on Biology jointly with the Royal Netherlands Demonstration Projects for Environmental Academy of Sciences and Arts; Shanghai Protection of China’s Capital Sphere in the Research Center on Cassava Biotechnology 21st Century. With 7 years’ cooperation, jointly with Swiss Zurich Advanced Institute of 2500 hectare sand land has been afforested Technology; Novo Nordisk of Denmark made in northern Hebei Province, and agricultural donation to CAS to set up Novo Nordisk-CAS technology field stations have also been set Research Foundation, which had sponsored 5 up on barren hills, thus improving people’s research projects; and continued to carry out living standard in Fengning County of Hebei Joint Training Program for Sino-Europe PhD Province which was considered as one of the Students. state-level poverty-stricken counties.
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Domestic Cooperation
CAS further strengthened the cooperation with other components of the national innovation system; Promoted with localities and industries the establishment of joint institutes or academies; speeded up technology transfer and large-scale industrialization; and made contributions to the overall, harmonious and sustainable development of both national and regional economy. According to the statistics in Executive Vice President Bai Chunli and Wu Yingjie, Vice Chairman of Tibet Autonomous Region, had discussion 2007, cooperation with localities and enterprises on cooperation between CAS and the region. progressed very well:
All the agreements signed by CAS with them, more than 120 agreements were signed 28 provinces, autonomous regions and in 2007. municipalities directly under the central government in all-round science and technology In 2007, the sales income of the enterprises cooperation had been implemented. There increased steadily due to CAS technology were more than 350 science and technology transfer and commercialization. cooperation agreements signed with localities (excluding provinces, autonomous regions According to the statistics by the Ministry of and municipalities directly under the central Science and Technology of China, there were government), enterprises, universities and other 1850 registered CAS technical contracts in 2006, research institutions during 1998-2007. Among with business volume totalling RMB 1.24 billion yuan; while there were 1794 registered contracts in 2007 with business volume amounted to RMB 1.8 billion yuan, increasing by 45.2% over the previous year. And CAS technology transfer was beginning to take shape.
Further Strengthen Cooperation with Local Governments on the Establishment of Research Institutes Aiming at world frontiers and catering for national and regional economic and social development, CAS had taken an important action in institutional restructuring by setting up CAS President Lu Yongxiang had a discussion with Li Kexiang and Zhang Wenyue, who were party secretary and governor of Liaoning Province at that time. joint research institutes with local governments in accordance with its new mechanism and
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regulations. At present, there were more than 1500 staff and students in 7 newly-built institutes. Scientific research results in these institutes had generated patents and dissertations. The capital construction of Suzhou Institute of Nano-technology and Nano-bionics was close to completion; the major part of capital construction of the Institute of Urban Environment, Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology and Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development was almost completed; and the capital construction of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology was on the way of structural construction. After Inauguration ceremony for CAS Ningbo Institute of Material three years’ construction, Ningbo Institute of Technology & Engineering Material Technology and Engineering was jointly reviewed and accepted by Zhejiang Provincial Government, Ningbo Municipality and CAS. materials; and technical consultation and services in this regard had gone smoothly Steadily Promote the and brought about better economic and social Development of Local Technology effects. Transfer Centers CAS Tianjin Industrial Biotechnology Research Different kinds of institutions for technology and Development Center, jointly set up with transfer are considered as an important platform Tianjin Municipality, was under construction for promoting transfer and commercialization in compliance with international advanced of scientific research results and large-scale standards for industrial biotechnology research industrialization, and are now beginning to take and development. shape after years’ efforts by both CAS and local governments. Following the establishment of the science parks including Shanghai Pudong Science Park, Following the establishment of 7 technology Dalian Science Park, Beijing Zhongguancun transfer centers,two new centers were set Science Park, Hangzhou Science Park, Jinhua up jointly with localities in 2007, including Science Park and Baiyin Science Park, CAS Taizhou Applied Technology Research, signed agreement with Shenyang municipality Development and Commercialization Center on the joint establishment of Shenyang Science with Taizhou Municipality, and CAS Shandong Park in 2007. All the work in these science Integrated Technology Commercialization parks had been proceeding well. Center with Shandong Province. By the end of 2007, the nine centers had undertaken over 300 8 technology transfer centers with intermediary technology transfer projects in such fields as features in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang and information, automation, energy, environmental Changchun, tried their best to seek for effective protection, advanced manufacturing, bio- intermediary modes under the market economy, technology, chemical industry and new resulting in a better networking.
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There were more than 270 technology transfer with a total investment of nearly RMB 1 billion centers jointly set up by CAS affiliates and yuan, among which more than 68 million yuan local governments and enterprises, spreading from CAS and 900 million yuan from market over 29 provinces, autonomous regions and investment. 25 projects had been completed and municipalities, with reasonable size of staff . 17 projects reviewed and approved. Remarkable economic and social benefits had been achieved Implement Special Projects and out of these projects. Programs for Cooperation With Localities and Enterprises Take Active Part in Science and Technology Demonstration To cater for practical needs of localities and Activities organized by the State enterprises, to give play of CAS leading roles in and Localities S&T research results, and to make substantial contributions to local economic development, In 2007, CAS hosted or coordinated more than CAS launched in 2007 the Program for 50 meetings, exhibitions or fairs. CAS scientific Assisting Gansu with Science and Technology research results attracted extensive social and and Program for Assisting Xinjiang with media attention, in particular, at China Hi- Science and Technology, following S&T Action tech Fair in Shenzhen, China International Program for Revitalization of Northeast China, Industry Fair, Northeast Asia Hi-tech Fair, Program for Assisting Tibet with Science and Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Fair, and Jiangsu Technology, Program for Assisting Guizhou University-Research-Industry Cooperation with Science and Technology and Program for Research Result Exhibition. Assisting Qinghai with Science and Technology. Of the above-mentioned 6 key programs, 79 Continue to Cooperate with Hong projects had been approved and registered, Kong, Macao and Taiwan Regions on Science and Technology Taking full advantage of the official visits of CAS top leaders to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, CAS has strengthened contacts and cooperation with universities there. Emphasis was given to the substantial cooperation such as funding for CAS-Croucher Foundation Joint Laboratories. In the meantime, CAS assisted in the establishment of the Joint Institute with Shenzhen Municipality and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and organized exchange visits for this newly-built institute to relevant universities in Hong Kong to explore potential cooperation; and had supported 20 workshops between both sides CAS participated in the Northeast Asia High-Tech Exposition. of the Taiwan Straits.
74 Domestic Cooperation CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Annual Report 08
High-tech Industry
In 2007, the operation income of 413 CAS merger of Bejing KEYI and Shenyang KEYI wholly-owned, controlled and invested were completed with RMB 1 billion yuan of enterprises was, RMB 175.6 billion yuan social funds raised by CAS Holdings. with total profits of RMB 6.59 billion yuan. The net assets amounted to RMB 27.43 Progress was also made in equity billion yuan, and the state-owned equity socialization by CAS investing enterprises, rights of CAS in these enterprises up to with a total of 14 pilot institutes having RMB 12.17 billion yuan, increasing by realized equity socialization. The assets 13.1% and 6.7% respectively over 2006. The of 40 enterprises were verified, with RMB total operation income from the enterprises 1.92 billion yuan of state-owned assets filed directly invested by CAS and run by the and registed. A dynamic supervision and Chinese Academy of Sciences Holdings Co., monitoring system was set up, and financial Ltd (CAS Holdings) reached RMB 162.72 risk early-warning system launched. CAS billion yuan, with a total profits of RMB 2.66 worked out a program for establishment of billion yuan. The net assets reached RMB intellectual property operation department in 11.53 billion yuan and the equity under CAS pursuit of strategy, mechanism and profits- Holdings amounted RMB 8.15 billion yuan. sharing modes for intellectual property CAS share-holding enterprises undertook 176 operation. national S&T projects, of which 78 projects had been implemented, with RMB 163 million yuan funding in place.
Satisfactory progress was made in CAS invested enterprises. The electronic voting system developed by CAS Chengdu Information Company provided excellent services for governments and social communities. The project Domestically- made Digital Controllor Application Demonstration was carried out by Shenyang Computation Company, and 3 clusters of digital control system and their matched products were successfully applied in 30 numerically-controlled machine tools of 11 types in 6 clusters manufactured by Shenyang CAS President Lu Yongxiang (left) inspected Lenovo Group, the leading computer producer in China. Machine Tools Group. The adjustment and
75 High-tech Industry CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Science Popularization
By giving full play of its integrated advantage officials from governmental departments and as a base for science popularization, and commissions, and more than 1200 people. And strengthening cooperation with Beijing 91 CAS institutes opened their laboratories to Municipality in this regard, CAS succeeded the public, receiving more than 250,000 visitors. in bidding for the project on the Construction of Science Popularization Platform in Science A series of reports on Science and Society were Park at Beijing Olympic Village, which laid a published, including Science Development good foundation for making the science park at Report 2007, High-tech Development the Olympic Village into an important science Report 2007 and Strategic Report on China’s education base in China. The guidelines and Sustainable Development 2007. The three standards for the construction of China Digital reports have been issued for 10 consecutive Museums of Popular Science had been issued to years and publications amounted to 350,000 the public, 10 of the digital museums were put volumes of 27 books. A popular handbook into operation and 30 new ones in the process of Declaration on Scientific Concepts & On construction. Strengthening Regulations for Scientific Conduct was published. During the National Science & Technology Popularization Week, CAS organized the CAS Public Science Exhibition for Beijing opening ceremony of the 3rd CAS Public Teenager Science Day 2007 received more Science Day, with participants including Mrs than 20,000 visitors. The Journey of CAS Chen Zhili, State Councilor, 19 high-ranking Members & Experts to the Old Revolutionary Areas was jointly organized with the Ministry of Publicity of CPC Central Committee and Ministry of Science and Technology of China in the old revolutionary areas of Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces, along with a series of other activities including popular science lectures, on-site consultation, symposia, demonstration, and instruction etc. A large audience of more than 90,000 attended 511 lectures given by the Senior Scientists Popular Science Lecturing Team in 12 provinces and cities.
The Physics Changes the World book series, written by 9 scientists and published by Science Middle school students were visiting CAS labs during the Seventh National Press, was awarded the 2nd Prize for National Science and Technology Activity Week and the Third CAS Public Science Day. Science & Technology Progress in 2007.
76 Science Popularization Appendix
Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions
Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code Management Organization CAS Headquarters 52 Sanlihe Road, Beijing, China 100864 010 68597289 www.cas.ac.cn Beijing Branch (preparatory) 52 Sanlihe Road, Beijing, China 100864 010 68597514 www.bjb-van.cas.cn Shenyang Branch 24 Sanhao Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110004 024 23983356 www.syb.ac.cn Changchun Branch 7520 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022 0431 5380224 www.ccb.ac.cn Shanghai Branch 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031 021 64310242 www.cst.sh.cn Nanjing Branch 39 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008 025 57713709 www.njbas.ac.cn Wuhan Branch Xiaohongshan, Wuchang district,Wuhan 430071 027 87197170 www.whb.ac.cn Guangzhou Branch 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070 020 87685256 www.gzb.ac.cn Chengdu Branch 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85223696 www.cdb.ac.cn Kunming Branch 22 Huguo Road, Kunming 650021 0871 3146835 www.kmb.ac.cn
Xi’an Branch 125 Xianning Middle Road, Xi’an 710043 029 82160910 www.xab.ac.cn Lanzhou Branch 2 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000 0931 2198877 www.lzb.ac.cn Xinjiang Branch 40 Beijing South Road, Urumchi 830011 0991 3835430 www.xjb.ac.cn
Research Institutes Academy of Mathematics and 55 Zhongguancun East Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62553063 www.amss.ac.cn System Science Institute of Physics 8 Zhongguancun South 3 Street,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 82649004 www.iphy.ac.cn Institute of Theoretical Physics 55 Zhongguancun East Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62555058 www.itp.ac.cn Institute of High Energy Physics 19 B Yuquan Road,Shijingshan district,Beijing 100049 010 88233092 www.ihep.ac.cn Institute of Mechanics 15 Beisihuan West Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62560914 www.imech.ac.cn
77 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code Institute of Acoustics 21 Beisihuan West Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62644116 www.ioa.ac.cn Technical Institute of Physics and 2 North 1 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62554153 www.ipc.ac.cn Chemistry Institute of Chemistry 2 North 1 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62554626 www.iccas.ac.cn National Center for Nano Science and 2 North 1 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62652116 www.nanoctr.cn Technology of China Research Center for Eco-Environmen- 18 Shuangqing Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100085 010 62923549 www.rcees.ac.cn tal Sciences Institute of Process Engineering 1 North 2 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100080 010 62554241 www.ipe.ac.cn Institute of Geographic Sciences and 11 A Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100101 010 64889276 www.igsnrr.ac.cn Natural Resources Research National Astronomical Observatories 20 A Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100012 010 64888708 www.bao.ac.cn Institute of Remote Sensing Applications 20 A Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100101 010 64879268 www.irsa.ac.cn Institute of Geology and Geophysics 19 Beitucheng West Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100029 010 62008001 www.iggcas.ac.cn Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research 18 Shuangqing Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100085 010 62849309 www.itpcas.ac.cn Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology 142 Xiwai Street,Xicheng district,Beijing 100044 010 68351363 www.ivpp.ac.cn and Paleoanthropology Institute of Atmospheric Physics Qijiahuozi, Dewai, Beijing 100029 010 62028606 www.iap.ac.cn Institute of Botany 20 Nanxincun,Xiangshan,Beijing 100093 010 62590835 www.ibcas.ac.cn Institute of Zoology Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing 100101 010 64807098 www.ioz.ac.cn Institute of Psychology 10 Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100101 010 64879520 www.psych.ac.cn
Institute of Microbiology Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing 100101 010 64807462 www.im.ac.cn Institute of Biophysics 15 Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100101 010 64889872 www.ibp.ac.cn Institute of Genetics and Datun Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100101 010 64889331 www.genetics.ac.cn Developmental Biology Beijing Institute of Genomics Beijing Airport Industrial Zone B-6,Beijing 101300 010 80488831 www.big.ac.cn Institute of Computing Technology 6 Kexueyuan South Road,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62601166 www.ict.ac.cn Institute of Software 4 South 4 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62661023 www.iscas.ac.cn Institute of Semiconductors 35A Qinghua East Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100083 010 82304210 www.semi.ac.cn Institute of Microelectronics 3 Beitucheng West Road,Chaoyang district,Beijing 100029 010 62007224 www.ime.ac.cn Institute of Electronics 19 Beisihuan West Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 58887012 www.ie.ac.cn Institute of Automation 95 Zhongguancun East Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62551575 www.ia.ac.cn
78 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code Institute of Electrical Engineering 6 North 2 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62541617 www.iee.ac.cn Institute of Engineering Thermophysics 11 Beisihuan West Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62554919 www.etp.ac.cn Center for Space Science and Applied 1 South 2 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district, 100190 010 62560947 www.cssar.ac.cn Research Beijing Academy of Opto-Electronics 95 Zhongguancun East Road,Haidian district, 100190 010 82612850 www.aoe.ac.cn Beijing Ceter for Earth Observation and Digital Earth 9 North 1 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 58887301 www.ceode.ac.cn Institute for the History of Natural 137 Chaonei Street,Dongcheng district,Beijing 100010 010 64043989 www.ihns.ac.cn Sciences Institute of Policy and Management 55 Zhongguancun East Road,Haidian district,Beijing 100190 010 62542623 www.casipm.ac.cn Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics 457 Zhongshan Road,Dalian 116023 0411 84379135 www.dicp.ac.cn Institute of Metals Research 72 Wenhua Road,Shenhe district,Shenyang 110016 024 23843605 www.imr.ac.cn Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology 72 Wenhua Road,Shenhe district,Shenyang 110016 024 83970304 www.iae.ac.cn Shenyang Institute of Automation 114 Nanta Street,Dongling district,Shenyang 110016 024 23970012 www.sia.ac.cn Institute of Oceanology 7 Nanhai Road,Qingdao,Shandong 266071 0532 2898611 www.qdio.ac.cn Qingdao Institute of Biological Energy 100 Nanjing Road, Qingdao,Shandong 266071 0532 80790163 www.qibebt.ac.cn and Bioprocess Technology(preparatory) Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research 26Yinhai Road,Xiaoshan district,Yantai,Shandong 264003 0535 6910575 www.yic.ac.cn for Sustainable Development(preparatory) Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine 16 Dongnanhu Road,Changchun 130033 0431 5686367 www.ciomp.ac.cn Mechanics and Physics Changchun Institute of Applied 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022 0431 5687300 www.ciac.jl.cn Chemistry Northeast Institute of Geography and 3195 Weishan Road, Hi-tech Plaza, Changchun 130012 0431 5542266 www.neigae.ac.cn Agricultural Ecology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050 021 62511070 www.sim.ac.cn Information Technology Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083 021 65420850 www.sitp.ac.cn Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine 390 Qinghe Road, Jiading district, Shanghai 201800 021 69918000 www.siom.ac.cn Mechanics Shanghai Institute of Ceramics 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 021 52412990 www.sic.ac.cn Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 354 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai 200032 021 54925000 www.sioc.ac.cn
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics 2019 JiaLuogong Road, Shanghai 201800 021 59553998 www.sinap.ac.cn Shanghai Astronomical Observatory 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030 021 64386191 www.center.shao.ac.cn Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031 021 54920021 www.sibs.ac.cn
Shanghai Institute of Mataria Medica Medica 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang district,Shanghai 201203 021 50806600 www.simm.ac.cn Ningbo Institute of Material Technology 181 Canghai Road,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315040 0574 87910718 www.nimte.ac.cn and Engineering Fujian Institute of Research on the 155 Yangqiao West Road,Fuzhou 350002 0591 83714517 www.fjirsm.ac.cn Structure of Matter Institute of Urban Environment(preparatory) 2 Huyuan Road,Xiamen 361003 0592 2610806 www.iue.ac.cn Nanjing Institute of Geology and 39 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008 025 83282105 www.nigpas.ac.cn Paleontology Nanjing Institute of Soil Science 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008 025 86881114 www.issas.ac.cn
79 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code Nanjing Institute of Geography and 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008 025 86882010 www.niglas.ac.cn Limnology Purple Mountain Observatory 2 Beijing West Road, Nanjing 210008 025 83332000 www.pmo.ac.cn
Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and High Education Zone, Industrial Park, Dushuhu, 215123 0512 62872511 www.sinano.ac.cn Nano-bionics(preparatory) Suzhou Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031 0551 5591234 www.hfcas.ac.cn Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Xiaohongshan, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430071 027 87199251 www.whrsm.ac.cn Mechanics Wuhan Institute of Physics and 30 West Xiaohongshan, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430071 027 87199543 www.wipm.ac.cn Mathematics Wuhan Institute of Virology 44 Middle Xiaohongshan, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430071 027 87198117 www.whiov.ac.cn Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics 340 Xudong Street, Wuchang district,Wuhan 430077 027 68881355 www.whigg.ac.cn Institute of Hydrobiology 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430072 027 68780789 www.ihb.ac.cn Wuhan Botanical Garden Moshan, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430074 027 87510126 www.wbgcas.cn South China Sea Institute of Oceanology 164 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510301 020 84452227 www.scsio.ac.cn South China Botanical Garden Leyiju, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510650 020 37252711 www.scib.ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion 2 Nengyuan Road, Wushan, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510640 020 87057620 www.giec.ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Baishigang, Wushan, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510640 020 85290702 www.gig.ac.cn Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine 3 A district, International Business Incubator, 510663 020 32290280 www.gibh.ac.cn and Health Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou Shenzhen Institute of Advanced 1019, Nanhaidadao, Shekou, Nanshan district, 518067 0755 26803588 www.siat.ac.cn Technology(preparatory) Shenzhen Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Mapoling, Furong district, Changsha 410125 0731 4615204 www.isa.ac.cn
Chengdu Institute of Biology 9 Section 4,Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85220920 www.cib.ac.cn Chengdu Institute of Mountain 9 Section 4,Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85228816 www.imde.ac.cn Hazards and Environment Institute of Optics and Electronics 9 Section 4,Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85100341 www.ioe.ac.cn Kunming Institute of Zoology 32 Jiaochang East Road, Kunming 650223 0871 5130513 www.kiz.ac.cn Kunming Institute of Botany 610 Longquan Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204 0871 5223080 www.kib.ac.cn Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 0691 8715071 www.xtbg.ac.cn Garden Institute of Geochemistry 46 Guanshui Road, Guiyang 550002 0851 5895095 www.gyig.ac.cn Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision 234 Youyi West Road, Xi’an 710068 029 88484376 www.opt.ac.cn Mechanics National Time Service Center 3 Shuyuan East Road, Lintong, Xi’an 710600 029 83890326 www.ntsc.ac.cn
Institute of Earth Environment 10 Fenghui South Road, Gaoxin district, Xi’an 710075 029 88320990 www.ieecas.cn Institute of Modern Physics 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000 0931 4969205 www.impcas.ac.cn Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000 0931 4968009 www.licp.ac.cn Cold & Arid Regions Environmental 260 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000 0931 8275129 www.casnw.net and Engineering Research Institute
80 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes 18 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008 0971 6303490 www.isl.ac.cn Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology 59 Xiguan Street, Xining, Qinghai 810008 0971 6143530 www.nwipb.ac.cn Xinjiang Institute of Physical and 40A Beijing South Road, Urumqi 830011 0991 3835823 www.xjb.ac.cn Chemical Technology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and 40C Beijing South Road, Urumqi 830011 0991 7885307 www.egi.ac.cn Geography Shan’xi Institute of Coal Chemistry 27 Taoyuan South Road, Taiyuan 030001 0351 4041627 www.sxicc.ac.cn
Schools and Public Supporting Agencies
Graduate University of the Chinese 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing 100039 010 88256030 www.gucas.ac.cn Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026 0551 3602184 www.ustc.edu.cn of China China Remote Sensing Satellite 45 Beisanhuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing 100086 010 62559658 www.ceode.ac.cn Ground Station Computer Network Information Center 4 South 4 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, 100080 010 58812268 www.cnic.ac.cn Beijing National Science Library 33 Beisihuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 82626684 www.las.ac.cn (preparatory) Wuhan Center of Documentation and 25 Xiaohongshan, West Part, Wuchang district, Wuhan 430071 027 87199683 www.whlib.ac.cn Information(preparatory) Chengdu Center of Documentation and 16 South 2 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85224282 www.clas.ac.cn Information(preparatory) Scientific Information Center for 8 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000 0931 8273628 www.llas.ac.cn Resources and Environment(preparatory)
Press and Publication Agencies
Science Times 3B South 1 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, 100080 010 82614607 www.sciencenet.cn Beijing Science Press 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing 100717 010 64019823 www.sciencep.com
Other Units
Administration Bureau of 3B South 1 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, 100080 010 62571850 www.caseab.com Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Qingdao Sanatorium 1 Zhuhai Road, South district, Qingdao, Shandong 266071 0532 85967888 www.zylhotel.com Lushan Sanatorium 1930 Lulinzhiqing Road, Lushan, Jiangxi 332900 0792 8281940 www.lshpkbg.cn
81 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions Name of Institute Postal Address Postal Phone Website Code
CAS Holding Corporations
CAS Holding Co., Ltd. 9 Beisihuan West Road, Yingu Mansion, Haidian 100080 010 62800115 www.casholdings.com.cn China Sciences Group (Holding) 3 Suzhou Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 82569888 www.csh.com.cn Corporation Legend Holdings Limited 2 Kexueyuan South Road, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 62509999 www.legendholdings.com.cn Oriental Scientific Instrument I/E 67 Fucheng Road,Yindu Mansion, Haidian district, 100036 010 68725599 www.osic.com.cn Group Corp. Beijing CAS Investment Management Co., Ltd. 6 Zhongguancun North Street, Zhongdian Mansion 100086 010 62501527 www.cicstd.com.cn Haidian district, Beijing Huajian Electronics Co., Ltd. 116 Zizhuyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing 100085 010 58930125 www.hjtek.com GK Opto-Electronics Co.,Ltd. 9 Street 3, Shangdi, Jinyujiahua Mansion, Haidian 100085 010 62972442 www.casoe.com district, Beijing Beijing Software Center Co.,Ltd. 4 South 4 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 62649248 www.sec.ac.cn
CAS Institute of Architecture Design 4 North 1 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 62565107 www.adcas.cn and Research Co., Ltd. CAS Beijing Resources Co., Ltd. 3A South 1 Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100080 010 82648258 www.zkzy.com.cn
CAS Shenyang Institute of Computing 100 Sanhao Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110004 024 23894766 www.sict.ac.cn Technology Co., Ltd. CAS SKY Technology Development 96 Sanhao Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110168 024 23826855 www.sky.ac.cn Co.,Ltd. CAS Nanjing Astronomical 6-10 Huayuan Road, Nanjing 210042 025 85418454 www.nairc.com Instruments Co., Ltd. CAS Guangzhou Chemistry Co., Ltd. P.O.Box 1122,Leyiju,Tianhe,Guangzhou 510650 020 85231260 www.gic.ac.cn CAS Guangzhou Electronics Building 23,Yard 100,Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070 020 87682250 www.giet.ac.cn Technology Co., Ltd. CAS Chengdu Organic Chemistry Co.,Ltd 16 South 2 Section, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85222143 www.cioc.ac.cn CAS Chengdu Information Technology 9 Section 4,Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041 028 85217501 www.casit.com.cn Co., Ltd. CAS Chengdu Weishi Equipment Co.,Ltd. 7 Keyuan South 1 Road, Gaoxin district, Chengdu 610041 028 85121820 CAS Beijing Printing Co., Ltd. 1 yangzhuang, Tongzhou district, Beijing 101118 010 69597200 www.zkprint.com CAS Science and Technology Service 52 Sanlihe Road, Xicheng district, Beijing 100864 010 68597134 Co.,Ltd. China Science Publishing Group Co., Ltd. 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing 100717 010 64019823 Beijing Bosi Garden Visiting Flat 7 North 2 Street,Zhongguancun,Haidian district,Beijing 100080 010 62626462 Co., Ltd.
82 Directory of the CAS Subordinate Institutions