DOCSLIB.ORG

Nasa Goals and a Libration Point “Gateway”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nasa Goals and a Libration Point “Gateway” Space Resources Roundtable VII (2005) 2073.pdf ENABLING THE EXPLORATION VISION: NASA GOALS AND A LIBRATION POINT “GATEWAY”. H. A. Thronson1, D. Lester2, J. J. Watson3, and R. Moe4 1Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, 2Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, 3NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, and 4Hubble Space Telescope Development Project, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771, Introduction: Priority goals for NASA derived capability to serve multiple purposes with a single from the Vision for Space Exploration include the facility. In early concepts, the “gateway” was single- search for life throughout the Solar System, traveling launched via Shuttle or EELV, then transported to its among the Earth, Moon, and Mars with humans and final location via a chemical transfer stage or solar- robots, and developing the technological capabilities, electric tug. The most popular location considered such as in situ resource utilization, to undertake these for the “gateway” has been the Earth-Moon L1 point challenges more effectively and safely. because of its attractiveness for dynamic access to Consequently, several groups have assessed multiple space and lunar surface locations. Libration architectures that achieve multiple national goals in point locations are not, however, a requirement. space with a modest number of elements; that is, concepts that can simultaneously serve multiple NASA missions. In this presentation, we discuss the latest operational concept for a human-occupied “gateway” at the Earth-Moon L1 point, which is intended to support lunar surface operations, enable the construction of large science facilities in space, and be a site for the development of bioastronautics capabilities when the ISS is no longer available. Background: Ambitious plans for human and robotic exploration will require improved in-space capabilities building upon and significantly extending those developed for ISS and Hubble servicing. For In the current concept for the “gateway,” a single example, surface operations on the Moon may heavy-lift launch to low Earth orbit is able to place an require (or enable) space depoting of supplies during inflatable facility that will have ~1/3 the volume of the same period that preparation for sending humans the completed ISS. A solar electric tug can place this to Mars will use in-space assembly and space facility in whatever location that is necessary to demonstration missions. Given the variety of major support national goals. Depending upon the mission, goals in space, it is important to consider capabilities 4 – 6 astronauts can occupy the “gateway” for up to a that can serve multiple goals. month without re-supply, with a series of users over For the past several years NASA, academic, and time increasing the capabilities of the facility. industrial teams have been assessing a post-ISS, In addition to enabling in-space construction and human-occupied “gateway,” often proposed for the lunar surface support, a “gateway” may become the first Earth-Moon libration point. This concept was Block 1 version of the habitation module for human first developed by NASA’s Decade Planning Team missions to Mars. That is, while supporting near- and highlighted at the Loya Jirga in-space concepts term lunar and Earth-Moon free space goals, the workshops, reported elsewhere. [See references 1, 2,] “gateway” can also be the demonstration and The “Gateway” Concept of Operations: validation facility for sending humans to Mars. Necessity for human operations in space. It seems Precursors to a “gateway.” Extravehicular and essential that humans will have to extend capabilities in-space telerobotic operations in space appear to be in free space for decades into the future: support for necessary to achieve NASA goals in the time period lunar surface operations, the assembly of very large in advance of a highly capable “gateway” and human optical systems and other science facilities in space, missions to Mars. For that reason, upgrades to the and the preparation to travel to Mars (bioastronautics, Crew Exploration Vehicle for limited telerobotics space wellness, human-occupied precursor and capabilities in free space have been considered. demonstration systems). References: [1] Lester, D., Freidman, E. and A “gateway” concept for ~2020. “Gateways” of Lillie, C. (2005) SPIE Conference Proceedings various kinds have been presented and discussed for Contribution 5899-21, in press. [2] Moe, R. et alia, some years. Essential to their operation has been the (2005), AIAA First Exploration Conference, in press. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Washington, DC 20015-1305
    43 Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Washington, DC 20015-1305 This report covers astronomical research carried out during protostellar outflows have this much momentum out to rela- the period July 1, 1994 – June 30, 1995. Astronomical tively large distances. Planetary nebulae do not, but with studies at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism ~DTM! their characteristic high post-shock temperatures, collapse of the Carnegie Institution of Washington encompass again occurs. Hence all three outflows appear to be able to observational and theoretical fields of solar system and trigger the collapse of molecular clouds to form stars. planet formation and evolution, stars and star formation, Foster and Boss are continuing this work and examining galaxy kinematics and evolution, and various areas where the possibility of introducing 26Al into the early solar system these fields intersect. in a heterogeneous manner. Some meteoritical inclusions ~chondrules! show no evidence for live 26Al at the time of their formation. So either the chondrules formed after the 1. PERSONNEL aluminium had decayed away, or the solar nebula was not Staff Members: Sean C. Solomon ~Director!, Conel M. O’D. Alexander, Alan P. Boss, John A. Graham, Vera C. Rubin, uniformly populated with the isotope. Foster & Boss are ex- Franc¸ois Schweizer, George W. Wetherill ploring the injection of shock wave particles into the collaps- Postdoctoral Fellows: Harold M. Butner, John E. Chambers, ing solar system. Preliminary results are that ;40% of the Prudence N. Foster, Munir Humayun, Stacy S. McGaugh, incident shock particles are swallowed by the collapsing Bryan W. Miller, Elizabeth A. Myhill, David L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hubble Space Telescope – 10 Years On
    BEN 11/7/00 2:27 PM Page 2 r bulletin 104 — november 2000 10 BEN 11/7/00 2:28 PM Page 3 the hubble space telescope – 10 years on The Hubble Space Telescope – 10 Years On P. Benvenuti & L. Lindberg Christensen ESA/ESO Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility, Garching, Germany Introduction scientists at the Space Telescope Science ESA is NASA’s partner in the Hubble Space Institute in Baltimore (STScI), USA. In return, a Telescope Project. ESA built the Faint Object minimum of 15% of the Telescope’s observing Camera (the HST instrument that delivers time is guaranteed for projects and research images with the highest spatial resolution), submitted by European astronomers from provided the solar panels that power the ESA’s Member States. In reality, the spacecraft, and supports a team of 15 high standard of projects from European astronomers has, so far, won them some 20% of the total observing time. Last Christmas Eve was very special one for ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Jean-François Clervoy: together with their American The initial ESA/NASA Memorandum of colleagues, they spent it aboard the Space Shuttle ‘Discovery’, after Understanding on HST expires 11 years after its concluding the latest scheduled repair mission to the orbiting Hubble launch, i.e. in April 2001. Both ESA and NASA Space Telescope (HST). This third Shuttle refurbishment mission to are convinced that the collaboration on HST has HST was, like its two predecessors, a resounding success. Only days been very successful, not merely in the later, as Hubble entered the new millennium, came the first beautiful development and initial operation of the images of a complex gravitationally lensing cluster of galaxies.
    [Show full text]
  • Trajectory Design Tools for Libration and Cis-Lunar Environments
    Trajectory Design Tools for Libration and Cis-Lunar Environments David C. Folta, Cassandra M. Webster, Natasha Bosanac, Andrew Cox, Davide Guzzetti, and Kathleen C. Howell National Aeronautics and Space Administration/ Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771 [email protected], [email protected] School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 {nbosanac,cox50,dguzzett,howell}@purdue.edu ABSTRACT science orbit. WFIRST trajectory design is based on an optimal direct-transfer trajectory to a specific Sun- Innovative trajectory design tools are required to Earth L2 quasi-halo orbit. support challenging multi-body regimes with complex dynamics, uncertain perturbations, and the integration Trajectory design in support of lunar and libration of propulsion influences. Two distinctive tools, point missions is becoming more challenging as more Adaptive Trajectory Design and the General Mission complex mission designs are envisioned. To meet Analysis Tool have been developed and certified to these greater challenges, trajectory design software provide the astrodynamics community with the ability must be developed or enhanced to incorporate to design multi-body trajectories. In this paper we improved understanding of the Sun-Earth/Moon discuss the multi-body design process and the dynamical solution space and to encompass new capabilities of both tools. Demonstrable applications to optimal methods. Thus the support community needs confirmed missions, the Lunar IceCube Cubesat lunar to improve the efficiency and expand the capabilities mission and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope of current trajectory design approaches. For example, (WFIRST) Sun-Earth L2 mission, are presented. invariant manifolds, derived from dynamical systems theory, have been applied to the trajectory design of 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Trajectory Design Tools for Libration and Cislunar Environments
    TRAJECTORY DESIGN TOOLS FOR LIBRATION AND CISLUNAR ENVIRONMENTS David C. Folta, Cassandra M. Webster, Natasha Bosanac, Andrew D. Cox, Davide Guzzetti, and Kathleen C. Howell National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771 [email protected], [email protected] School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 {nbosanac,cox50,dguzzett,howell}@purdue.edu ABSTRACT supplies insight into the natural dynamics associated with multi- body systems. In fact, such information enables a rapid and robust Innovative trajectory design tools are required to support methodology for libration point orbit and transfer design when challenging multi-body regimes with complex dynamics, uncertain used in combination with numerical techniques such as targeting perturbations, and the integration of propulsion influences. Two and optimization. distinctive tools, Adaptive Trajectory Design and the General Strategies that offer interactive access to a variety of solutions Mission Analysis Tool have been developed and certified to enable a thorough and guided exploration of the trajectory design provide the astrodynamics community with the ability to design space. ATD is intended to provide access to well-known solutions multi-body trajectories. In this paper we discuss the multi-body that exist within the framework of the Circular Restricted Three- design process and the capabilities of both tools. Demonstrable Body Problem (CR3BP) by leveraging both interactive and applications to confirmed missions, the Lunar IceCube CubeSat automated features to facilitate trajectory design in multi-body mission and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Sun-Earth regimes [8]. In particular, well-known solutions from the CR3BP, such as body-centered, resonant and libration point periodic and L2 mission, are presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Satellite Solutions with Large Satellite Implications
    SSC08-III-8 Plug and Play – Small Satellite Solutions with Large Satellite Implications Lee Thienel, Guy Robinson, Dale Stottlemyer, Rus Burgess Libration Systems Management, Inc. 2301 Yale Boulevard, SE, Suite C3, Albuquerque, New Mexico 76106; 505.243.6767 [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Scott Clough Vantage Systems Inc. 4600 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 100, Lanham, MD 20706; 301.459.6007 [email protected] ABSTRACT The Plug N Play concept has roots that reach back decades and has implications that reach decades into the future. The aerospace industry has tried to achieve a reusable modular satellite from time to time to leverage recurring design costs and by reusing them change them into nonrecurring costs. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is working on a new approach to implement a modern version of a standardized bus definition. It started with standardization efforts for NASA and DoD MMS (Multimission Modular Satellite) missions of the 1970’s and 1980’s.It has evolved to today’s applications in small responsive space satellite programs. The potential applications of Plug N Play concepts to large satellite programs can reduce costs as well as minimize assembly, integration and test timelines. Today we have to ask “Are the large satellite houses ready to adapt a new paradigm that will reduce satellite cost, and shorten the Integration and Test cycle?” INTRODUCTION focused on Earth orbit science and exploration. NASA Modular satellites are coming of age with the projects was building their Great Observatories – Hubble Space Telescope, the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, the such as AFRL’s Plug and Play Satellite (PnPSat).
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of Smythii and Marginis
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII 1293.PDF THE GEOLOGY OF SMYTHII AND MARIGINIS BASINS USING INTEGRATED REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: A Look At What’s Around The Corner. Jeffrey J. Gillis1, Paul D. Spudis2 and D. Ben J. Bussey2, 1. Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 6100 South Main Street, MS-126, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005. Gil- [email protected] 2. Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77058. As part of our ongoing study of volcanism on the far side highlands material while craters greater than 350 meters deep of the Moon, we are studying the geologically diverse eastern (e.g. unnamed crater 3.5 km in diameter located at 0.6o N, limb of the Moon. Crustal thickness in this area, 60 - 75 km, 86o E) have excavated highlands material from beneath the [1, 2] approximates more closely the average crustal thick- mare. Thus, we estimate that the basalt is approximately 325 ness of the far side of the Moon (100 km) than the crustal meters thick at most. thickness beneath the near side, Apollo sites (40-60 km). Moreover, the eastern limb region has been documented by a A unit with intermediate albedo and iron values (10 - 12 wt. variety of remote sensing techniques: Lunar Orbiter and % FeO) occupies the southwestern central area of the Apollo images, Apollo X-ray and gamma-ray data, and Smythii basin. Topographically higher, this unit forms an Clementine gravity, topography and multispectral images. elongate arch that stretches from northwest to southeast and divides the main basalt deposit to the northeast from two A comprehensive study of the geology of the eastern limb of isolated basalt patches to the south and southwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Yet Imagined: a Study of Hubble Space Telescope Operations
    NOT YET IMAGINED A STUDY OF HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER GAINOR NOT YET IMAGINED NOT YET IMAGINED A STUDY OF HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER GAINOR National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Communications NASA History Division Washington, DC 20546 NASA SP-2020-4237 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gainor, Christopher, author. | United States. NASA History Program Office, publisher. Title: Not Yet Imagined : A study of Hubble Space Telescope Operations / Christopher Gainor. Description: Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Communications, NASA History Division, [2020] | Series: NASA history series ; sp-2020-4237 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Dr. Christopher Gainor’s Not Yet Imagined documents the history of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope (HST) from launch in 1990 through 2020. This is considered a follow-on book to Robert W. Smith’s The Space Telescope: A Study of NASA, Science, Technology, and Politics, which recorded the development history of HST. Dr. Gainor’s book will be suitable for a general audience, while also being scholarly. Highly visible interactions among the general public, astronomers, engineers, govern- ment officials, and members of Congress about HST’s servicing missions by Space Shuttle crews is a central theme of this history book. Beyond the glare of public attention, the evolution of HST becoming a model of supranational cooperation amongst scientists is a second central theme. Third, the decision-making behind the changes in Hubble’s instrument packages on servicing missions is chronicled, along with HST’s contributions to our knowledge about our solar system, our galaxy, and our universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learned from Hubble Space Telescope Extravehicular Activity Servicing Missions
    2001-01-2204 Lessons Learned from Hubble Space Telescope ExtraVehicular Activity Servicing Missions Russell L. Werneth NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ABSTRACT unplanned contingency IntraVehicular Activity (IVA) NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope was designed for fabrication and EVA installation of thermal insulation periodic servicing by Space Shuttle astronauts blankets. The three missions have included more than performing extravehicular activities (EVAs), to service, 93 hours of EVA over 13 days installing 45 items on the maintain, repair, and upgrade the telescope. Through telescope, making it a pathfinder for NASA three successful servicing missions to date, EVA observatories, as well as for EVA development, training, processes have been developed by applying a series of verification, and mission timeline execution. important lessons learned. These lessons learned are also applicable to many other future human spaceflight The key to the servicing of Hubble is the original risk- and robotic missions, such as International Space management philosophy of designing for “EVA Station, satellite retrieval and servicing, and long- friendliness” – the pre-planned capability to easily duration spaceflight. HST has become NASA’s remove and replace many components through pathfinder for observatories, EVA development, and astronaut team servicing. The designers of the EVA mission execution. telescope planned ahead and provided for subsystems known as Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) and Orbital INTRODUCTION Replacement Instruments (ORIs) with standardized and EVA-compatible interfaces (Marshall, 1987). In addition, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was deployed the telescope itself was designed with built-in astronaut from the Space Shuttle in April 1990. It was designed for crew aids, such as handrails and tether points for periodic servicing visits through ExtraVehicular Activities translation paths, sockets for attaching portable foot (EVAs), spacewalks by Shuttle astronaut crews, to restraint platforms to provide secure worksites, support its systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Messenger
    THE MESSENGER ( , New Meteorite Finds At Imilac No. 47 - March 1987 H. PEDERSEN, ESO, and F. GARe/A, elo ESO Introduction hand, depend more on the preserving some 7,500 meteorites were recovered Stones falling from the sky have been conditions of the terrain, and the extent by Japanese and American expeditions. collected since prehistoric times. They to which it allows meteorites to be spot­ They come from a smaller, but yet un­ were, until recently, the only source of ted. Most meteorites are found by known number of independent falls. The extraterrestrial material available for chance. Active searching is, in general, meteorites appear where glaciers are laboratory studies and they remain, too time consuming to be of interest. pressed up towards a mountain range, even in our space age, a valuable However, the blue-ice fields of Antarctis allowing the ice to evaporate. Some source for investigation of the solar sys­ have proven to be a happy hunting have been Iying in the ice for as much as tem's early history. ground. During the last two decades 700,000 years. It is estimated that, on the average, each square kilometre of the Earth's surface is hit once every million years by a meteorite heavier than 500 grammes. Most are lost in the oceans, or fall in sparsely populated regions. As a result, museums around the world receive as few as about 6 meteorites annually from witnessed falls. Others are due to acci­ dental finds. These have most often fallen in prehistoric times. Each of the two groups, 'falls' and 'finds', consists of material from about one thousand catalogued, individual meteorites.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Nautics: Designing a Mission to Live and Work on the Moon
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Nautics: Designing a Mission to Live and Work on the Moon An Educator’s Guide for Grades 6–8 Educational Product Educator’s Grades 6–8 & Students EG-2008-09-129-MSFC i ii Lunar Nautics Table of Contents About This Guide . 1 Sample Agendas . 4 Master Supply List . 10 Survivor: SELENE “The Lunar Edition” . 22 The Never Ending Quest . 23 Moon Match . 25 Can We Take it With Us? . 27 Lunar Nautics Trivia Challenge . 29 Lunar Nautics Space Systems, Inc. ................................................. 31 Introduction to Lunar Nautics Space Systems, Inc . 32 The Lunar Nautics Proposal Process . 34 Lunar Nautics Proposal, Design and Budget Notes . 35 Destination Determination . 37 Design a Lunar Lander . .38 Science Instruments . 40 Lunar Exploration Science . 41 Design a Lunar Miner/Rover . 47 Lunar Miner 3-Dimensional Model . 49 Design a Lunar Base . 50 Lunar Base 3-Dimensional Model . 52 Mission Patch Design . 53 Lunar Nautics Presentation . 55 Lunar Exploration . 57 The Moon . 58 Lunar Geology . 59 Mining and Manufacturing on the Moon . 63 Investigate the Geography and Geology of the Moon . 70 Strange New Moon . 72 Digital Imagery . 74 Impact Craters . 76 Lunar Core Sample . 79 Edible Rock Abrasion Tool . 81 i Lunar Missions ..................................................................83 Recap: Apollo . 84 Stepping Stone to Mars . 88 Investigate Lunar Missions . 90 The Pioneer Missions . 92 Edible Pioneer 3 Spacecraft . .96 The Clementine Mission . .98 Edible Clementine Spacecraft . .99 Lunar Rover . 100 Edible Lunar Rover . 101 Lunar Prospector . 103 Edible Lunar Prospector Spacecraft . 107 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter . 109 Robots Versus Humans . 11. 1 The Definition of a Robot .
    [Show full text]
  • Olivine-Dominated A-Type Asteroids in the Main Belt: Distribution, Abundance and Relation to Families
    Olivine-dominated A-type asteroids in the Main Belt: Distribution, Abundance and Relation to Families Francesca E. DeMeoa, David Polishookb, Benoˆıt Carryc, Brian J. Burtd, Henry H. Hsiehe,f, Richard P. Binzela, Nicholas A. Moskovitzd, Thomas H. Burbineg aDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA bDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 0076100, Israel cObservatoire de la Cte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France dLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA ePlanetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA fInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan gDepartment of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA Abstract Differentiated asteroids are rare in the main asteroid belt despite evidence for ∼100 distinct differentiated bodies in the meteorite record. We have sought to understand why so few main-belt asteroids differentiated and where those differentiated bodies or fragments reside. Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to search for a needle in a haystack we identify spectral A-type asteroid candidates, olivine-dominated asteroids that may represent mantle material of differentiated bodies. We have performed a near-infrared spectral survey with SpeX on the NASA IRTF and FIRE on the Magellan Telescope. We report results from having doubled the number of known A-type asteroids. We deduce a new estimate for the overall abundance and distribution of this class of olivine-dominated asteroids.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Mineralogy of Lunar Crater Central Peaks Via Thermal Infrared Spectra from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer - a Study of the Moon’S Crustal Composition at Depth
    Bulk mineralogy of Lunar crater central peaks via thermal infrared spectra from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer - A study of the Moon’s crustal composition at depth Eugenie Song A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences University of Washington 2012 Committee: Joshua Bandfield Alan Gillespie Bruce Nelson Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Earth and Space Sciences 1 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Formation of the Lunar Crust ................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Crater Morphology ................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Spectral Features of Rock-Forming Silicates in the Lunar Environment ................................ 8 1.4 Compositional Studies of Lunar Crater Central Peaks ...........................................................
    [Show full text]