DOCSLIB.ORG

Amiiformes – (Bowfin)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amiiformes – (Bowfin) CORRECTION! Amiiformes – (bowfin) • “cycloid” scale • no ganoine layer, just particles • analogous to teleost • spiral valve Lecture 7- Form and Function 1. General concepts on fish body forms 2. General fin pattern 3. Fins as preadaptations 1. -Pectoral fins 2. -Pelvic fins 3. -Caudal fins 4. -Anal fins 5. -Dorsal fins 4. Other preadapations 5. Swimming principles 6. Swimming performances and modes Fish body form Posterior Anterior Fish body form - maneuverability - benthic lifestyle "An eel-like body Fish body form facilitates forwards and backwards movements into and out of tight places and soft bottoms" - The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, fusiform bodies are and Ecology undoubtedly the result of energetic advantages ovate bodies can deter predation among other things Fish body form Fish body form Fish body form finlets and keels …the need for speed Fish body form Mouths • position correlates with trophic ecology in many fishes • superior • terminal • inferior Fish body form Dentition reflects diet … we often see convergence Fish body form Fish body form Gill rakers • morphology large prey corresponds quite closely with diet intermediate prey filter feeder/zooplankton Fish body form 1st gill arch (most anterior) Number of gill rakers can be diagnostic in taxa identification Fish body form ram suction Fish body form cirri: fleshy flaps - camouflage - chemoreceptors great for ID Fish body form Roll Pitch Yaw • fishes are subject to 3 different movements • fins and bodies are adapted to control these movements Fish body form Lepomis spp. (Centrarchid sunfishes) Preadaptations • a trait can evolve because it served one particular function but subsequently it may come to serve another • results in shift of trait function during evolution gurnards (Triglidae) Fins as preadaptations Pectoral fins • modified pectoral fin rays • touch and taste • run length of their body • generate lift Fins as preadaptations clingfishes (Gobiesocidae) Pelvic fin Chondrichthyans • adhesion pelvic + pectoral • internal fertilization • generate lift Fins as preadaptations Caudal fin • stunning prey livebearers (Poecillidae) Fins as preadaptations Anal fin • internal fertilization intromittent organ: male organ speciliazed for sperm delivery gonopodium surfperches (Embiotocidae) • adhesion Fins as preadaptations Dorsal fin • defensive locking mechanism esca ilicium • lure Other preadaptations • stereo-chemoreception Swimming efficiency Water • 800x denser than air • 50x more viscous than air • 95% reduction in O2 carrying capacity Swimming efficiency Chief cause of added energetic cost is drag • viscous or frictional drag: involves friction between fish’s body and surrounding water • not affected greatly speed • affected by surface smoothness & SA • inertial or pressure drag: caused by pressure differences resulting from displacement of water as the fish moves through it • increases with speed • intimately linked to body shape Swimming efficiency -the need for speed Most fast-swimming fishes have streamlined shape that minimizes both inertial and viscous drag • round in cross section • maximal width = 25% of length For example: - pelagic sharks ~ 0.26 - swordfish 0.24 - tuna 0.28 Swimming efficiency characteristic of chondrichthyes aka dermal denticle reduced turbulence and viscous drag • Scales in the mouths of some of the earliest known vertebrates evolved into teeth Swimming efficiency White shark Swimming efficency surface covered in ganoine (mineralized tissue) loss of ganoine Swimming efficiency cycloid many teleost taxa have cycloid & ctenoid scales ctenoid Swimming modes - most of body Anguilliform Swimming modes - via tail Carangiform Swimming modes - via tail Thunniform Swimming modes - via fins Tetraodonitiform Swimming modes - via fins Rajiform Swimming modes - via fins Gymnotiform Swimming modes - via tail Amiiform Swimming modes - via fins Labriform.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BONY FISHES 602 Bony Fishes
    click for previous page BONY FISHES 602 Bony Fishes GENERAL REMARKS by K.E. Carpenter, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA ony fishes constitute the bulk, by far, of both the diversity and total landings of marine organisms encoun- Btered in fisheries of the Western Central Atlantic.They are found in all macrofaunal marine and estuarine habitats and exhibit a lavish array of adaptations to these environments. This extreme diversity of form and taxa presents an exceptional challenge for identification. There are 30 orders and 269 families of bony fishes presented in this guide, representing all families known from the area. Each order and family presents a unique suite of taxonomic problems and relevant characters. The purpose of this preliminary section on technical terms and guide to orders and families is to serve as an introduction and initial identification guide to this taxonomic diversity. It should also serve as a general reference for those features most commonly used in identification of bony fishes throughout the remaining volumes. However, I cannot begin to introduce the many facets of fish biology relevant to understanding the diversity of fishes in a few pages. For this, the reader is directed to one of the several general texts on fish biology such as the ones by Bond (1996), Moyle and Cech (1996), and Helfman et al.(1997) listed below. A general introduction to the fisheries of bony fishes in this region is given in the introduction to these volumes. Taxonomic details relevant to a specific family are explained under each of the appropriate family sections. The classification of bony fishes continues to transform as our knowledge of their evolutionary relationships improves.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi
    Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Boschung, Herbert Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Gardiner, Brian Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400) Content Morphology Euteleostei Bibliography Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi The most recent group of actinopterygians (rayfin fishes), first appearing in the Upper Triassic (Fig. 1). About 26,840 species are contained within the Teleostei, accounting for more than half of all living vertebrates and over 96% of all living fishes. Teleosts comprise 517 families, of which 69 are extinct, leaving 448 extant families; of these, about 43% have no fossil record. See also: Actinopterygii (/content/actinopterygii/009100); Osteichthyes (/content/osteichthyes/478500) Fig. 1 Cladogram showing the relationships of the extant teleosts with the other extant actinopterygians. (J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 2006) 1 of 9 10/7/2015 1:07 PM Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 Morphology Much of the evidence for teleost monophyly (evolving from a common ancestral form) and relationships comes from the caudal skeleton and concomitant acquisition of a homocercal tail (upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical). This type of tail primitively results from an ontogenetic fusion of centra (bodies of vertebrae) and the possession of paired bracing bones located bilaterally along the dorsal region of the caudal skeleton, derived ontogenetically from the neural arches (uroneurals) of the ural (tail) centra.
    [Show full text]
  • Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 412:The 41–57 Hoosier(2014) cavefish, a new and endangered species( Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis)... 41 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.412.7245 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana Prosanta Chakrabarty1,†, Jacques A. Prejean1,‡, Matthew L. Niemiller1,2,§ 1 Museum of Natural Science, Ichthyology Section, 119 Foster Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, Loui- siana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA 2 University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 200 Thomas Hunt Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA † http://zoobank.org/0983DBAB-2F7E-477E-9138-63CED74455D3 ‡ http://zoobank.org/C71C7313-142D-4A34-AA9F-16F6757F15D1 § http://zoobank.org/8A0C3B1F-7D0A-4801-8299-D03B6C22AD34 Corresponding author: Prosanta Chakrabarty ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Baldwin | Received 12 February 2014 | Accepted 13 May 2014 | Published 29 May 2014 http://zoobank.org/C618D622-395E-4FB7-B2DE-16C65053762F Citation: Chakrabarty P, Prejean JA, Niemiller ML (2014) The Hoosier cavefish, a new and endangered species (Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis) from the caves of southern Indiana. ZooKeys 412: 41–57. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.412.7245 Abstract We describe a new species of amblyopsid cavefish (Percopsiformes: Amblyopsidae) in the genus Amblyopsis from subterranean habitats of southern Indiana, USA. The Hoosier Cavefish, Amblyopsis hoosieri sp. n., is distinguished from A. spelaea, its only congener, based on genetic, geographic, and morphological evi- dence. Several morphological features distinguish the new species, including a much plumper, Bibendum- like wrinkled body with rounded fins, and the absence of a premature stop codon in the gene rhodopsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Batoid Locomotion: Effects of Speed on Pectoral Fin Deformation in the Little Skate, Leucoraja Erinacea Valentina Di Santo1,*, Erin L
    © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 705-712 doi:10.1242/jeb.148767 RESEARCH ARTICLE Batoid locomotion: effects of speed on pectoral fin deformation in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea Valentina Di Santo1,*, Erin L. Blevins1,2 and George V. Lauder1 ABSTRACT more efficient at higher speeds and for long-distance translocations Most batoids have a unique swimming mode in which thrust is (Di Santo and Kenaley, 2016). Although many batoid species are generated by either oscillating or undulating expanded pectoral fins accurately described by these two extreme modes, several species that form a disc. Only one previous study of the freshwater stingray has fall into a continuum between 0.5 and 1.0 wave, and are defined as quantified three-dimensional motions of the wing, and no comparable ‘semi-oscillators’ (Schaefer and Summers, 2005). data are available for marine batoid species that may differ The mechanics of propulsion in cartilaginous fishes have been considerably in their mode of locomotion. Here, we investigate three- investigated over the years through studies of morphology, dimensional kinematics of the pectoral wing of the little skate, kinematics, hydrodynamics, muscle activity and energetics Leucoraja erinacea, swimming steadily at two speeds [1 and (Daniel, 1988; Di Santo and Kenaley, 2016; Donley and 2 body lengths (BL) s−1]. We measured the motion of nine points in Shadwick, 2003; Fontanella et al., 2013; Lauder, 2015; Lauder three dimensions during wing oscillation and determined that there are and Di Santo, 2015; Porter et al., 2011; Rosenberger and Westneat, significant differences in movement amplitude among wing locations, 1999; Rosenblum et al., 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Tennessee Fish Species
    The Angler’s Guide To TennesseeIncluding Aquatic Nuisance SpeciesFish Published by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Cover photograph Paul Shaw Graphics Designer Raleigh Holtam Thanks to the TWRA Fisheries Staff for their review and contributions to this publication. Special thanks to those that provided pictures for use in this publication. Partial funding of this publication was provided by a grant from the United States Fish & Wildlife Service through the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Authorization No. 328898, 58,500 copies, January, 2012. This public document was promulgated at a cost of $.42 per copy. Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency is available to all persons without regard to their race, color, national origin, sex, age, dis- ability, or military service. TWRA is also an equal opportunity/equal access employer. Questions should be directed to TWRA, Human Resources Office, P.O. Box 40747, Nashville, TN 37204, (615) 781-6594 (TDD 781-6691), or to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office for Human Resources, 4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203. Contents Introduction ...............................................................................1 About Fish ..................................................................................2 Black Bass ...................................................................................3 Crappie ........................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Bowfin (Amia Calva)
    Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife’s Animal Information Series Bowfin (Amia calva) Do they have any other names? Other names for the bowfin are dogfish, grindle, grinnel, cypress trout, swamp muskie, black fish, cottonfish, swamp bass, poisson-castor, speckled cat, shoepic or choupic, and beaverfish. Why are they called bowfin? Amia is Greek for “fish” and calva is Greek for “bald or smooth” which refers to the bowfin’s scaleless head. The name “bowfin” refers to the long curved fin on the back of the fish. What do they look like? The bowfin is an elongate and nearly-cylindrical fish with a long dorsal (back) fin that extends from the middle of the back to the tail. The tail fin is rounded and has a black spot on the upper base of the tail. This black spot resembles an eye that predators will mistakenly attack, allowing the bowfin to get away. The back and tail fins are dark- green with darker bands or bars and the lower fins are bright green. The back and upper sides are mottled olive-green with pale green on the belly. The head is without scales but the body is covered in smooth-edged scales. They also have a large mouth with many sharp teeth and each nostril has a prominent barbel-like flap. Photo Credit: Duane Raver, USFWS 2012-MLC Page 1 Bowfin vs. Snakehead Bowfins are often mistaken as snakeheads, which are an exotic fish species native to Africa and Asia. Snakeheads are an aggressive invasive species that have little to no predators outside their native waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Gobiodon Winterbottomi, a New Goby (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Iriomote-Jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, Suppl. 6, pp. 59–65, March 30, 2012 Gobiodon winterbottomi, a New Goby (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Iriomote-jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan Toshiyuki Suzuki1, Korechika Yano2 and Hiroshi Senou3 1 Kawanishi-midoridai Senior High School, 1–8 Kouyoudai, Kawanishi, Hyogo 666–0115, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Dive Service Yano, 537 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Okinawa 907–1541, Japan 3 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250–0031, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The gobiid ¿sh Gobiodon winterbottomi is described as a new species from three spec- imens (19.0–32.9 mm SL) collected from Echinopora lamellose, the plate-shaped coral of the fam- ily Faviidae, in 5 m depth on the reef slope off Iriomote-jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. It is characterized by the following in combination: the jaw teeth subequal in shape and size; lack of post-symphysial canine teeth; lack of an interopercle-isthmus groove; a narrow gill opening; lack of elongated dorsal-¿n spines; large second dorsal, anal and pelvic ¿ns; 15 or 16 pectoral-¿n rays; and head, body and ¿ns gray, absence of stripes or other markings when fresh or alive. Key words: Gobiodon winterbottomi, new species, Gobiidae, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Gobiodon Bleeker, 1856 is an Indo-Paci¿c Sawada and Arai, 1972 (validity questionable), gobiid ¿sh genus, comprising often colorful, Gobiodon axillaris De Viz, 1884, Gobiodon bro- tropical species living in obligate commensal chus (Harold and Winterbottom, 1999), Gobio- association with reef-building corals.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Fishes - Structural Patterns and Trends in Diversification
    History of fishes - Structural Patterns and Trends in Diversification AGNATHANS = Jawless • Class – Pteraspidomorphi • Class – Myxini?? (living) • Class – Cephalaspidomorphi – Osteostraci – Anaspidiformes – Petromyzontiformes (living) Major Groups of Agnathans • 1. Osteostracida 2. Anaspida 3. Pteraspidomorphida • Hagfish and Lamprey = traditionally together in cyclostomata Jaws = GNATHOSTOMES • Gnathostomes: the jawed fishes -good evidence for gnathostome monophyly. • 4 major groups of jawed vertebrates: Extinct Acanthodii and Placodermi (know) Living Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes • Living Chondrichthyans - usually divided into Selachii or Elasmobranchi (sharks and rays) and Holocephali (chimeroids). • • Living Osteichthyans commonly regarded as forming two major groups ‑ – Actinopterygii – Ray finned fish – Sarcopterygii (coelacanths, lungfish, Tetrapods). • SARCOPTERYGII = Coelacanths + (Dipnoi = Lung-fish) + Rhipidistian (Osteolepimorphi) = Tetrapod Ancestors (Eusthenopteron) Close to tetrapods Lungfish - Dipnoi • Three genera, Africa+Australian+South American ACTINOPTERYGII Bichirs – Cladistia = POLYPTERIFORMES Notable exception = Cladistia – Polypterus (bichirs) - Represented by 10 FW species - tropical Africa and one species - Erpetoichthys calabaricus – reedfish. Highly aberrant Cladistia - numerous uniquely derived features – long, independent evolution: – Strange dorsal finlets, Series spiracular ossicles, Peculiar urohyal bone and parasphenoid • But retain # primitive Actinopterygian features = heavy ganoid scales (external
    [Show full text]
  • Oxyeleotris Colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a New Blind Cave Fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia
    Oxyeleotris colasi (Teleostei: Eleotridae), a new blind cave fish from Lengguru in West Papua, Indonesia by Laurent POUYAUD* (1), KADARUSMAN (1, 2), Renny K. HADIATY (3), Jacques SLEMBROUCK (1), Napoleon LEMAUK (4), Ruby V. KUSUMAH (5) & Philippe KEITH (6) ABSTRACT. - Oxyeleotris colasi is the first hypogean fish recorded from West Papua. The habitat consists of a freshwater pool in the cave of Jabuenggara located in the heart of Seraran anticline in the limestone karst of Lengguru. The new spe- cies is most closely related to the blind cave fishO. caeca described by Allen (1996) from eastern New Guinea. The two troglomorphic species are hypothesised to be related to O. fimbriata, an epigean freshwater gudgeon that ranges widely in New Guinea and northern Australia (Allen, 1996). Oxyeleotris colasi differs from its congeners by the absence of eyes, its skin and fins being totally depigmented, the presence of a well developed sensory papillae system partly consisting of low raised fleshy ridges on each side of the head, a reduced number of cephalic sensory pores, a reduced number of scales on head and body, a long head with a short snout length, a narrow mouth width and a long upper jaw length, body shape with a shallow anterior body depth and narrow body width, a long and deep caudal peduncle, long predorsal and prepectoral lengths, and a long pectoral fin. RÉSUMÉ. - Oxyeleotris colasi, une nouvelle espèce de poisson cavernicole de Lengguru en Papouasie occidentale (Teleostei : Eleotridae). Oxyeleotris colasi est la première espèce de poisson hypogée décrite de Papouasie occidentale. Elle a été capturée dans un trou d’eau douce situé dans la grotte de Jabuenggara au cœur de l’anticlinal de Seraran dans le karst de Lengguru.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycled Fish Sculpture (.PDF)
    Recycled Fish Sculpture Name:__________ Fish: are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. At 32,000 species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates. Sculpture: is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood. Softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals. They may be assembled such as by welding or gluing or by firing, molded or cast. Researched Photo Source: Alaskan Rainbow STEP ONE: CHOOSE one fish from the attached Fish Names list. Trout STEP TWO: RESEARCH on-line and complete the attached K/U Fish Research Sheet. STEP THREE: DRAW 3 conceptual sketches with colour pencil crayons of possible visual images that represent your researched fish. STEP FOUR: Once your fish designs are approved by the teacher, DRAW a representational outline of your fish on the 18 x24 and then add VALUE and COLOUR . CONSIDER: Individual shapes and forms for the various parts you will cut out of recycled pop aluminum cans (such as individual scales, gills, fins etc.) STEP FIVE: CUT OUT using scissors the various individual sections of your chosen fish from recycled pop aluminum cans. OVERLAY them on top of your 18 x 24 Representational Outline 18 x 24 Drawing representational drawing to judge the shape and size of each piece. STEP SIX: Once you have cut out all your shapes and forms, GLUE the various pieces together with a glue gun.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowfin DNR Information
    Bowfin Did you know that Rock Lake is home to the prehistoric native fish species, the bowfin (Amia calva)? This fish is a living dinosaur. This fish was represented in middle Mesozoic strata over 100 million years ago. This is the only fish that survived from its family (Amiidae) of fishes from long ago. While primitive, the bowfin exhibits several evolutionary advances, including a gas bladder that can be used as a primitive lung (they can often be seen gulping air at the surface of the water), and specialized reproduction including male parental care (the male builds nests and guards the young for months). Not only is this fish a dinosaur, but it is important to the lake’s ecosystem. Bowfin are voracious, effective and opportunistic predators that have been mislabeled as a threat to panfish and sport fish populations. The bowfin is frequently found as part of the native fish fauna in many excellent sport and panfish waters in Wisconsin. In fact, studies have shown that the bowfin is effective in preventing stunting in sport fish populations. Bowfin have also been used as an additional predator in waters that are prone to overpopulation of carp and other rough fish species. Bowfin (native) The bowfin (commonly referred to as dogfish) has a large mouth equipped with many sharp teeth. Its large head has no scales. The dorsal fin is long, extending more than half the length of the back. The tail fin is rounded. There is a barbel-like flap associated with each nostril. The back is mottled olive green shading to lighter green on the belly.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics of Locomotion in Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras
    5 Biomechanics of Locomotion in Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras Anabela M.R. Maia, Cheryl A.D. Wilga, and George V. Lauder CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction 125 5.1.1 Approaches to Studying Locomotion in Chondrichthyans 125 5.1.2 Diversity of Locomotory Modes in Chondrichthyans 127 5.1.3 Body Form and Fin Shapes 127 5.2 Locomotion in Sharks 128 5.2.1 Function of the Body during Steady Locomotion and Vertical Maneuvering 128 5.2.2 Function of the Caudal Fin during Steady Locomotion and Vertical Maneuvering 130 5.2.3 Function of the Pectoral Fins during Locomotion 134 5.2.3.1 Anatomy of the Pectoral Fins 134 5.2.3.2 Role of the Pectoral Fins during Steady Swimming 136 5.2.3.3 Role of the Pectoral Fins during Vertical Maneuvering 138 5.2.3.4 Function of the Pectoral Fins during Benthic Station-Holding 139 5.2.3.5 Motor Activity in the Pectoral Fins 139 5.2.4 Routine Maneuvers and Escape Responses 140 5.2.5 Synthesis 141 5.3 Locomotion in Skates and Rays 142 5.4 Locomotion in Holocephalans 145 5.5 Material Properties of Chondrichthyan Locomotor Structures 146 5.6 Future Directions 147 Acknowledgments 148 References 148 5.1.1 Approaches to Studying 5.1 Introduction Locomotion in Chondrichthyans The body form of sharks is notable for the distinctive Historically, many attempts have been made to under- heterocercal tail with external morphological asymme- stand the function of the median and paired fins in try present in most taxa and the ventrolateral winglike sharks and rays, and these studies have included work pectoral fins extending laterally from the body (Figure with models (Affleck.
    [Show full text]