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HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS 2005 AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE General Editor E.F.K. KOERNER Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Typologie und Universalienforschung Schützenstrasse 18, D-10117 Berlin Series III – STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES Advisory Editorial Board Cristina Altman (São Paulo); Lia Formigari (Rome) Gerda Haßler (Potsdam); John E. Joseph (Edinburgh) Barbara Kaltz (Aix-en-Provence); Douglas A. Kibbee (Urbana, Ill.) Hans-Josef Niederehe (Trier); Emilio Ridruejo (Valladolid) Otto Zwartjes (Amsterdam) Volume 112 Douglas A. Kibbee (ed.) History of Linguistics 2005 Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS X), 1–5 September 2005, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS 2005 SeleCTED papeRS FROM THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES (ICHOLS X), 1–5 SepTembeR 2005, URbaNA-ChampaIGN, IllINOIS edited by DOUGlaS A. KIbbee University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA 4- The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American Na- tional Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data History of Linguistics 2005 : selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS X), 1–5 September 2005, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois / edited by Douglas A. Kibbee. p. cm. -- (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series III, Studies in the history of the language sciences, ISSN 0304-0720; v. 112) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Linguistics--History--Congresses. P61 .I57 2007 410.9-dc22 2007037110 ISBN 978 90 272 4603 5 (alk. paper) © 2007 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia, PA 19118-0519 • USA CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix Douglas Kibbee The Natural: Its Meanings and Functions in the History of Linguistic Thought 1 John E. Joseph On Grammatical Gender as an Arbitrary and Redundant Category 24 Marcin Kilarski Penser l’espace, penser l’espèce: Modélisation des affinités linguistiques 37 Carita Klippi On the Origins of the Participle as a Part of Speech 50 Pierre Swiggers & Alfons Wouters Grammar as a Liberal Art in Antiquity 67 Anneli Luhtala Priscian’s Pedagogy: A Critique of the Institutio de nomine et pronomine et verbo 80 Daniel J. Taylor L’horizon de retrospection du Mithridate de Conrad Gessner (1555) 89 Bernard Colombat Montaigne’s View of Skepticism and Language in the Essais 103 Danilo Marcondes Competing Models for a 17th Century Universal Language: A Study of the Dispute Between George Dalgarno and John Wilkins 112 Joseph L. Subbiondo La notion d’unité sonore dans les grammaires françaises des 17ème et 18ème siècles 120 Jean-Marie Fournier Une “Grammaire générale et raisonnée” en 1651 (1635?): Description et intérpretation d’une découverte empirique 131 Sylvain Auroux & Francine Mazière vi CONTENTS ‘Analogy’: The History of a Concept and a Term from the 17th to the 19th Century 156 Gerda Hassler Une écriture de l’histoire: La Lettre à M. Pinglin sur l’histoire de la science grammaticale 169 Valérie Raby Quels facteurs (linguistiques ou historiques) considérer dans l’accord en français? Étude de certains cas dans le Journal de la langue française (1784) d’Urbain Domergue 183 E-Jung Choi Nicolas Beauzée: La clé inexploitée de la phonétique française 197 Christophe Rey Colonialism, Scientific Expeditions and Linguistics in 19th Century Brazil 212 Cristina Altman The Concept of Civilization in Historic Brazilian Linguistics 228 Eduardo Guimarães The European Linguistic Tradition and Early Missionary Grammars in Central and South America 236 Manuel Breva-Claramonte Steinthal and the Limits of Etymology: The Special Case of Chinese 252 T. Craig Christy An Epistemological Assessment of the Neogrammarian Movement 262 Jean Leroux Privileged Languages and Others in the History of Historical- Comparative Linguistics 274 Hans Henrich Hock The Nationalist Turn: Dutch Linguistics and German Philosophy in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 288 Gijsbert Rutten Représentations de l’autre: L’italien et les Italiens dans quelques dictionnaires bilingues des XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles 308 Nadia Minerva L’utile et l’agréable dans les méthodes familières et autres ouvrages utilisés pour l’apprentissage du français aux Pays-Bas (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) 321 Marie-Christine Kok Escalle CONTENTS vii La reformulation dans la lexicographie des XVIe-XIXe siècles: L’emergence de la syntaxe française 333 Rachele Raus Words and Concepts for Child Language Learning in Late Nineteenth versus Late Twentieth Century America 344 Margaret Thomas La lexicologie, un savoir scolarisable? 356 Sonia Branca-Rosoff & Dan Savatovsky Aspects de la linguistique prescriptive: Les perceptions des vocabulaires de specialité à travers des dictionnaires français (XIXe et XXe s.) 372 Danielle Candel Semantique et analogie dans la tradition grammaticale arabe: La valeur des formes verbales 386 Georgine Ayoub Meaning by Collocation: The Firthian Filiation of Corpus Linguistics 404 Jacqueline Léon Kristeva on the Encyclopedists: Linguistics, Semanalysis, and the Epistemology of Enlightenment Science 416 Katherine Arens La preuve de Gaifman: Réflexions sur la méthode de construction des grammaires catégorielles 432 Beatrice Godart-Wendling Name Index 441 Subject Index 447 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS September 1-5, 2005, linguists from twenty-five countries gathered on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to share their passion for the history of their discipline. The study of the history of the language sciences does not promise to follow the old chestnut “those who ignore history are bound to repeat it”. Rather, as each period in the history of the discipline has chosen to focus on different key questions, the study of that history promises to open our eyes to the variety of interesting questions that can be asked, and answered – taking off the blinders of contemporary preoccupations. Over the course of the conference a hundred presentations attempted to do just that. This volume is a distillation of many fine contributions. The first thanks, therefore, go to the scholars who shed light on the many different approaches to the study of language. From the initial welcome by Chancellor Richard Herman to the concluding banquet in the Levis Center, we enjoyed five days of good weather, good company and good cheer. The ability to bring these scholars to this oasis of learning in the midst of the corn and soybean fields of Illinois is due to the generous contributions of many units, including the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Foreign Language Building Fund (now the School of Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics), the Department of French, the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, the Department of Linguistics, the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, and the Program for the Study of Religion. These financial contributions were matched by personal contributions on the part of many faculty, staff, and graduate students at the University of Illinois. Graduate students from a half-dozen campus departments volunteered to serve at the reception desk for the conference, helping our guests in many different languages: Antje Muntenda, Aimee Alnet, Laura Fisher, Jessica Miller, Daria Kabanova, Anita Saalfeld, Awa Sarr, Chris Hodge, Errol O’Neill, Nicola Dach and Marco Shappeck gave unstintingly of their time and energy. The organization of the student volunteers and many other aspects of the planning and execution of the conference fell into the extremely competent hands of E-Jung Choi, then completing her doctorate in French Linguistics and now an assistant professor at Western Washington University. Publicity for the conference was organized by Rick Partin, and the conference poster was designed by Jason Stewart. As the conference dates coincided with my assumption of new duties, much of the last minute panic management fell to x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the incomparable Marita Romine, in her first days as my administrative assistant. After the conference, Elizabeth Blount has done an outstanding job in the preparation of the conference volume, identifying errors, tracking down life dates, and managing the tedious process of creating camera-ready copy. We are also grateful to the staff at John Benjamins Publishing Company, and notably to Anke de Looper and Paul Peranteau. The support of the Benjamins family for the history of the language sciences is a great gift. Konrad Koerner, although he could not be present at the conference, is always a presence among those of us working in this field. My thanks to all of the above are deep and heartfelt. The contributions of one person to my career and to my life are beyond measure, and for this I dedicate this book to my wife, Jo Kibbee. Douglas Kibbee University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign August 2007 THE NATURAL ITS MEANINGS AND FUNCTIONS IN THE HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC THOUGHT JOHN E. JOSEPH University of Edinburgh ABSTRACT Attempts at