%42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER
$EVELOPMENT OF -OBILE 3TATION IN THE #$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM
3UNYOUNG +IM 9OON 5H (YE YEOUN +WEON AND (YUCKJAE ,EE
#/.4%.43 !"342!#4
) ).42/$5#4)/. 4HIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE #$-! MOBILE STATION TO SUPPORT NON SPEECH )) 3425#452% /& 4(% -/"),% MOBILE ObCE SERVICES SUCH AS DATA FAX AND 34!4)/. SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE IN ADDITION TO VOICE 7E ))) -3 #/.42/, !.$ #!,, DEVELOPED SOME IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF LAYER 02/#%33).' AND LAYER 4O PROVIDE NON SPEECH SERVICES )6 -/"),% /&&)#% 3%26)#%3 WE DEVELOPED A TERMINAL ADAPTER AND USER IN TERFACE SOFTWARE 4HE DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOP 6 4%34 3934%- $%6%,/0-%.4 &/2 MENT PROCESS SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE AND EXTER 0%2&/2-!.#% %6!,5!4)/. NAL INTERFACES REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SUCH SERVICES 6) &5452% %6/,54)/. IS GIVEN 4HE DESCRIPTION OF A 44! MES 6)) #/.#,53)/.3 SAGE ANALYSIS TOOL A MOBILE STATION MONITORING SOFTWARE AND AN AUTOMATIC TEST SYSTEM DE 2%&%2%.#%3 VELOPED FOR INTEGRATION TESTS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS IS ALSO GIVEN %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL
) ).42/$5#4)/. LYZED IN 3ECTION )6 0ERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND TEST SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED IN 3ECTION 6 4HE#$-!MOBILESTATION-3 DE 4HETESTSYSTEMSINCLUDETHEDEVELOPEDMO SCRIBEDINTHISPAPERISSECUREANDCOMPACT BILE STATION TEST 44! MESSAGE ANALYSIS AND O_ERS VARIOUS SERVICES OF HIGH GUALITY TOOL 4-!4 AND MOBILE STATION MONITOR 4HIS IS ATTRIBUTED TO RAPID ADVANCEMENT IN ING SOFTWARE -3-3 &UTURE EVOLUTION AND THE MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AND SEMICON RESEARCH AREAS ARE DISCUSSED IN 3ECTION 6) DUCTOR TECHNOLOGY 4HE SPREAD SPECTRUM &INALLY THE CONCLUSION IS GIVEN IN 3ECTION TECHNIQUEWEEMPLOYEDINOURSYSTEMGIVES 6)) HIGH CAPACITY GOOD VOICE QUALITY SECURITY AND NOW PROVIDES DATA FAX AND SHORT MES SAGE SERVICE 3-3 SERVICES 4HE -3 BE )) 3425#452% /& 4(% COMES A PART OF EVERYDAY LIFE AND ITS APPLI -/"),% 34!4)/. CATION IS EVER INCREASING )N ORDER TO MEET POTENTIALLY HIGH DEMANDS %42) AND DESIG 4HE -3 IS MAINLY COMPOSED OF TWO HARD NATED MANUFACTURERS HAVE UNDERTAKEN INI WARE MODULES DIGITAL SUBSYSTEM AND 2& TIATIVES TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOP -3S AS A SUBSYSTEM AS SHOWN IN &IG 7E `RST DE PART OF THE PROGRAM KNOWN AS THE #$-! SCRIBE THE -3 FEATURES THEN PRESENT BRIEaY -OBILE 3YSTEM #-3 ITS (7 STRUCTURE AND OPERATION 3PECI` )N THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR -3 WE FO CATIONS AND FEATURES OF THE `RST GENERATION CUSED OUR ACTIVITIES IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS PORTABLE -3 ARE SUMMARIZED IN 4ABLE $IGITAL 3UBSYSTEM { )MPLEMENTATION OF -3 SOFTWARE 37 { $EVELOPMENT OF NON SPEECH SERVICES !S SHOWN IN &IG THE DIGITAL SUBSYSTEM { $EVELOPMENT OF A TEST SYSTEM AND ANAL CONSISTS OF A #05 MEMORY A VOCODER A YSIS TOOLS CHIP SET FOR #$-! BASEBAND SIGNAL PROCESS { %VALUATION OF TEST RESULTS AND PERFOR ING AND A CHIP SET FOR &- BASEBAND SIGNAL MANCE ANALYSIS PROCESSING #%! PROCESSOR WITH 4HIS PAPER PRESENTS THE DEVELOPMENT -(Z SPEED AS A #05 32!- aASH MEM AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE -3 4HE ORY AND %%02/- FOR %3. AND -). ARE BASIC ARCHITECTURE AND OPERATION OF A MO MAJOR COMPONENTS EMPLOYED BILE STATION ARE DISCUSSED IN 3ECTION )) 4HE /N THE TRANSMIT SIDE VOICE IS `RST DIG 37 DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS DESIGN AND IM ITIZED BY THE CODEC AND THEN COMPRESSED PLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED ARE DIS BYTHEVOCODERTOTHEKBPSRATEWITH CUSSED IN 3ECTION ))) 4HE IMPLEMENTATION MS FRAME LENGTH !FTER BEING ADDED OF DATA ' FAX AND 3-3 SERVICES ARE ANA WITH FRAME QUALITY INDICATION &1) TO BE 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER
* "
76.- " . )0 )0 ,%", . * ,6"2"4! 0 * 7 ) 0 *
%7 * / ( )*+ % *55 ) .%7 ,"4 ," ,"! 3)"2 ) ) 1)0 1)0 " 8948: . %," ," 0"2 -+". 3") " %,"*+ * " "*+
&IG 3TRUCTURE OF #$-! -3
COME KBPS DATA IT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE SEARCHER THROUGH A BU_ER BY #05 4HE RATE CONVOLUTIONAL ENCODER THROUGH SEARCHER PICKS THE STRONGEST PILOT USING A BIT DATA BUS BY THE #05 4HE OUTPUT OF 0. CODE CORRELATOR SYNCHRONIZES WITH THE THE ENCODER IS INTERLEAVED 4HE INTERLEAVED STRONGEST "3S 0. O_SET AND ASSIGNS THE DATA ARE ORTHOGONAL MODULATED TO ARY MULTIPATH SIGNALS TO EACH `NGER %ACH `N 7ALSHCODES THENTHEKSPSMODULATED GER CORRELATES INPUT SIGNAL WITH THE ASSIGNED SIGNALS ARE SPREAD WITH BITS LONG 0. 0. SIGNAL TO GET THE ENERGY AND THEN EACH CODE WITH -CPS CHIP RATE 4HERE `NGER OUTPUT IS MERGED IN THE COMBINER FORE THE PROCESSING GAIN IS 4HE SPREAD 4HE DEMODULATED OUTPUT FROM THE RAKE RE DATA STREAM IS SPLIT INTO ) AND 1 CHAN CEIVER WHICH IS COMPOSED OF THREE `NGERS NEL AND /103+ MODULATED WITH SHORT 0. AND ONE COMBINER IS DEINTERLEAVED AND DE CODEWHICHAREGENERATEDBYBITSHIFTREG CODED BY THE 6ITERBI DECODER TO CORRECT ISTERS 4HE SPREAD )1 CHANNEL DATA IS BASE CHANNEL ERRORS &INALLY WE GET VOICE FROM BAND `LTERED BY A TH ORDER &)2 `LTER AND VOCODER THEN SENT TO THE 2& SUBSYSTEM 4HE TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION ARE TWO &OR RECEPTION )1 SIGNALS RECEIVED FROM PHYSICAL LAYER OPERATIONS OF THE -3 4ABLE THE 2& SUBSYSTEM ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE PRESENTS THE PHYSICAL LAYER PARAMETERS AND %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL
4ABLE 3PECI`CATIONS AND FEATURES OF #$-! MOBILE STATION
0ARAMETERS &EATURES
#$-! 3PECI`C )TEMS 3PEC ST 'ENERAL &EATURES &EATURES
6OLUME CC s 3-3 { #ALL &EATURES $ATA'FAX !NY+EY!NSWER 7EIGHT G s 3LEEP -ODE !UTO 2EDIAL !NSWER $4-& $IALING 3TANDBY 4IMEs i !UTO .!- 3ELECTION HOUR -ULTIPLE .!- #APABILITY 3PEED $IALING 4ALK 4IMEs #ALL )N 0ROGRESS 2ECOGNITION MIN !LPHANUMERIC $ISPLAY { #ONTROL &EATURES -ULTIPLE #ALL 4IMER -AX4X 0OWER 3IGNAL 3TRENGTH )NDICATOR M7 !UTO 0OWER 3AVE AND $OWN #ALL 2ESTRICTION ,OCK/PTION s %XACT VALUES DEPEND ON MANUFACTURERS
THEIRROLE FORTHEFORWARDLINKANDTHERE CONTROL )T IS CONNECTED TO THE ANTENNA DI VERSE LINK BASED ON &IG ;= ;= RECTLY AND IS CONTROLLED BY THE DIGITAL SUB SYSTEM AND MOBILE STATION MODEM -3- 2& 3UBSYSTEM !3)#
4HE 2& SUBSYSTEM UPCONVERTS THE `L !S SHOWN IN &IG FOR TRANSMISSION THE TEREDBASEBAND)AND1CHANNELDATAINTO `LTERED OUTPUTS ARE FOUR TIMES OVER SAMPLED 2& SIGNAL FOR TRANSMISSION DOWNCONVERTS FOR BITS $! CONVERSION AND THEN THE CON THE RECEIVED 2& SIGNAL FOR RECEPTION 4HE VERTED ANALOG OUTPUT IS UP CONVERTED TO SUBSYSTEM PROVIDES TIMING AND FREQUENCY -(Z INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY )& INFORMATION AND PERFORMS TRANSMIT POWER -(Z )& AND `NALLY i -(Z )N 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER
4ABLE 0HYSICAL LAYER PARAMETERS OF MOBILE STATION
0ARAMETERS 2ECEIVING 0ATH 4RANSMITTING 0ATH
&RAME 1UALITY #2# CHECK BIT #2# AT BPS )NDICATOR TO DETECT FRAME ERROR BIT #2# AT BPS
#HANNEL 6ITERBI DECODING OF R + CONVOLUTIONAL ENCODING $ECODING CONVOLUTIONAL CODE OUTPUT RATE IS KBPS %NCODING WITH R +
)NTERLEAVING BLOCK DEINTERLEAVER BLOCK INTERLEAVER SPAN MS SPAN MS TO RANDOMIZE THE BURST ERROR
7ALSH #ODES USED TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN USED FOR A ARY ORTHOGONAL MODULATION DI_ERENT LOGICAL CHANNELS #OHERENCE IS ASSUMED TO BE MAINTAINED SEPERATES IN THE SAME CELL OVER ONE SYMBOL SPREADING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THIS
,ONG 0. #ODE DECODING USING STORED SAME LONG CODE SEPERATES USERS IN THE SAME CELL GENERATOR BUT SEED IS RECEIVED FROM "3 SPREADING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THIS IS USED FOR THE MOBILE USER IDENTI`CATION
3PREADING 103+ DEMODULATION /103+ MODULATION $EMODULATION SEPERATES CELLSSECTORS OF CELLS TO AVOID THE AMPLITUDE VARIATION INHERENT IN -ODULATION BY BY RAKE RECEIVER 103+ IT MAKES TRANSMIT AMP DESIGN EASIER 3HORT 0. #ODE
3PECTRAL 3HAPING ANALOG 2# &ILTER TAP DIGITAL &)2 &ILTER "ASEBAND &ILTER
2X OR 4X USES THE RAKE RECEIVER TO USESPOWERCONTROL RESOLVE MULTIPATH SIGNALS IS GATED ON O_ PSEUDO RANDOMLY AT MS INTERVAL TO REDUCE SELF INTERFERENCE
THE &- THE ANALOG BASEBAND SIGNAL IS CON &OR RECEPTION THE 2& RECEIVED SIG VERTED TO &- SIGNAL USING CARRIER GENERATING NALS ARE BANDLIMITTED TO -(Z DOWN FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CONVERTEDTO-(Z)& -(Z)&)1 %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL
( / , . 2E.*<''D (.7:- $A %*1.8C #.:- + %1$8C= , "7(> 3# 57 50A.8C 1$$8C = % > 3<''D 3 5=# B "7(> =. 2!B. !B 3 E 5 !B ,5!B !> 3 E ' ' 3< ' 3 E ' ' =K- -$ %> 3 % =K- +$ %*1.8C>
3 3" # 3 3 ' ' 3 % 37 =% B8 % >
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&IG 4RANSMITTER AND RECEIVER DESIGN PROCEDURE
SIGNALS AND BASEBAND INPUT SIGNALS IN TURN THE ESTIMATION OF THE RECEIVED POWER AND THE 4HEN THE BASEBAND SIGNALS ARE BIT !$ ADJUSTMENT OF THE TRANSMIT POWER BASED ON CONVERTED TO BE INPUT TO THE DIGITAL SUBSYS THE ESTIMATION 4HE CONTROL EQUATION WHICH TEM )N THE &- WE GET THE BASEBAND ANA STATES THAT THE SUM OF TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE LOG SIGNAL FROM THE NARROW BAND &- SIGNAL POWER REMAINS CONSTANT IS USED )T ASSUMES USING DISCRIMINATOR DETECTION THE FORWARD PATH LOSS IS THE SAME AS THE 0OWER CONTROL IS DE`NED AS AN ADJUST REVERSE PATH LOSS 3INCE THE RECEIVED SIG MENT OF THE TRANSMITTING POWER TO SOLVE THE NAL HAS THE LARGE DYNAMIC RANGE FROM p SO CALLED NEAR FAR PROBLEM )T IS TO RECEIVE ALL SERVING -3 SIGNALS WITH EQUAL AND MINI D"M TO p D"M THE POWER CONTROL IS DONE MUMPOWERATTHE"34HEOPENANDCLOSED BY THE FAST MS TIME CONSTANT HIGH GAIN LOOP POWER CONTROLS ARE USED 4HE OPEN CONTROL D" 4HE CLOSED LOOP POWER CON LOOP POWER CONTROL IS PRIMARILY PERFORMED TROL IS A `NE ADJUSTMENT OF THE TRANSMIT BY THE -3 )T IS ACCOMPLISHED IN TWO STEPS POWER )T IS ACCOMPLISHED IN THREE STEPS 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER
!<. 7. =A> =A+> !@=-$-+> &
(.7 ' 262 2 67N( 6 6 6 % ( 6 6 . ( 62 6 6 9 ' 6 6 6 (. @ 6.76 6 6 . . 8 "& 6 6 4 & ! : !<.=-> 6%
&IG 3TRUCTUREOF#$-!MOBILESTATION37
"3 MEASURES THE RECEIVED %B .O "3COM 7E USED SOFTWARE ;= TO DESIGN THE 2& SUB
PARES THE MEASURED %B .O WITH THE PREDE SYSTEMANDCOMPAREDTHESIMULATEDRESULTS TERMINED THRESHOLD AND "3 COMMANDS -3 WITH TEST RESULTS LATER TO ADJUST TRANSMIT POWER BY THE D" STEP 4HE "3 SENDS THE POWER CONTROL BITS EVERY MS 4HE -3 DECODES THE CONTROL BITS ))) -3 #/.42/, !.$ #!,, AT THE DEMODULATOR AND SEND IT TO THE !'# 02/#%33).' CIRCUITRY &IGURE SHOWS A DESIGN PROCEDURE OF #ONTROL AND )NTER TASK /PERATIONS THE 2& TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER 7E SET THE INPUT LEVEL OF THE BASEBAND ANALOG )# 4HE -3 SOFTWARE PERFORMS MANY TASKS AS A REFERENCE POINT FOR THE RECEIVER DESIGN AND TASK SCHEDULING IS BASED ON THE MULTI WE SET THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM OUTPUT TASK REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM CALLED POWER AS A REFERENCE POINT FOR THE TRANSMIT 2%8 ASSHOWNIN&IG%ACHTASKISCOM TER DESIGN 4HEN WE DETERMINE EACH DESIGN POSED OF A CONTROL PART AND A CALL PROCESSING PARAMETER WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE VALUES TO PART 4HE CONTROL PART OF THE MAIN TASK IS MEET THE MINIMUM PERFORMANCE CRITERION RESPONSIBLE FOR EXECUTING EACH TASK %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL
7E HAVE ESTABLISHED THE SOFTWARE DEVEL { )NITIALIZATION STATE SELECTS AND ACQUIRES OPMENT PLAN CONFORMING TO 44! AS SUM EITHER A #$-! OR ANALOG SYSTEM MARIZED IN 4ABLE { )DLE STATE MONITORS MESSAGES ON THE PAGING CHANNEL { 3YSTEM ACCESS STATE SENDS MESSAGES TO 4ABLE %VOLUTION PLAN OF -3 37 DEVELOPMENT THE BASE STATION ON THE ACCESS CHANNEL 37 37 &UNCTIONS { 4RAbC CHANNEL STATE COMMUNICATES VERSION WITH THE BASE STATION ON THE TRAbC CHAN 3 { "ASIC &UNCTION NEL *ULY /RIGINATION4ERMINATING #ALL 3OFT3OFTER (ANDO_ 4HESE STATES ARE DELINEATED IN #$-! 2EGISTRATION -3 37 ANALYSIS 4HE KEY ASPECTS OF THE 0OWER#ONTROL PROCESSING ARE DISCUSSED -ULTIPLEX /PTION 3ERVICE /PTION ! )NITIALIZATION 3TATE 3 ,AYER 4HE -3 PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING STEPS 3EP 44! -ESSAGE &ORMAT SEE &IG #OMPLIANCE { !FTER THE POWER IS TURNED ON IT ENTERS 3 (ARD (ANDO_ .OV -ULTI &! INTER"3# INTER-3# THE -ULTI &REQUENCY !SSIGNMENT INITIALIZATION STATE &RAME 3TAGGERING { SELECTS THE SYSTEM IN SERVICE #$-! OR !DDITIONAL &UNCTION !NALOG SYSTEM SYSTEM DETERMINATION &LASH WITH )NFORM -3' SUBSTATE 3 !UTHENTICATION { GOES TO ANALOG SYSTEM INITIALIZATION PI -AR 3LOTTED -ODE 0AGING LOT CHANNEL ACQUISITION SUBSTATE IF 6OICE 0RIVACY !NALOG IS SELECTED ACQUIRES A 0ILOT $ATA ' FAX AND 3-3 #HANNEL IF #$-! IS SELECTED AND TAKES 3 %NCRYPTION THEFOLLOWINGTHREEMORESTEPS /THER .EW 'ENERATION 37 { OBTAINS SYSTEM CON`GURATION AND TIM ING INFORMATION SYNC CHANNEL ACQUISI TION SUBSTATE { SYNCHRONIZES SYSTEM TIMING AND LONG -3 #ALL 0ROCESSING CODE TIMING TIMING CHANGE SUBSTATE { SETS THE PAGING CHANNEL WITH PRIMARY 4HE -3 CALL PROCESSING CONSISTS OF THE PAGING CHANNEL AND THEN GOES TO IDLE FOLLOWING FOUR STATES AS SHOWN IN &IG STATE 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER
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&IG -3 CALL PROCESSING DIAGRAM
4HE PILOT CHANNEL AQUISITION IS THE MOST STRONGER PILOT CHANNEL SIGNAL THE IDLE HAND IMPORTANTBECAUSETHE0.CODESYNCHRO O_ OPERATION TAKES PLACE )F THE -3 RECEIVES NIZATION TAKES PLACE IN THE ACQUISITION AND THE PAGE MESSAGE THE PAGE MATCH OPERATION IS A PRECONDITION FOR THE LINK ESTABLISHMENT TAKES PLACE TO IDENTIFY THE INCOMING CALL AND WITH THE "3 4HE DOUBLE DWELL SERIAL SEARCH GOES TO THE SYSTEM ACCESS STATE TO SEND THE TECHNIQUE IS EMPLOYED FOR THE ACQUISITION PAGE RESPONSE MESSAGE )F IT INITIATES A CALL ;= ;= THE -3 INITIATES A MESSAGE TRANSMISSION AND GOES TO THE SYSTEM ACCESS STATE 7HEN THE " -OBILE 3TATION )DLE 3TATE POWER IS O_ THE -3 STORES THE PARAMETERS AND PERFORMS OTHER REGISTRATION PROCEDURES )N THE IDLE STATE THE -3 MONITORS A SPECI`ED PRIMARY PAGING CHANNEL AND RE # 3YSTEM !CCESS 3TATE CEIVES THE SYSTEM OVERHEAD MESSAGES"ASED ON THE RECEIVED MESSAGE THE -3 CHANGES )N THIS STATE THE -3 SENDS THE "3 MES THE SAVED "3 CON`GURATION PARAMETERS SE SAGES ON THE ACCESS CHANNEL AND RECEIVES LECTS A NEW PAGING CHANNEL BY A (ASH OP MESSAGES FROM THE "3 ON THE PAGING CHAN ERATION AND ACCOMPLISHES AN IDLE REGISTRA NEL 4HE FOLLOWING STEPS TAKE PLACE IN THIS TION 4HEN IF THE -3 DETECTS THE OTHER STATE %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL
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" "0 +)" ")0"1 4" +) D C )A* * 7>.>% 3 """>.>% 3 0"+)") "5 . ( ;"<".=". " . ( >; "<"?4@ +) B" "" $"" " ' 2"+" "A="*"<" * % " B &IG )NITIALIZATION STATE aOWCHART { 4HE -3 MONITORS THE PAGING CHANNEL STATE UNTIL IT HAS THE CURRENT CON`GURATION { FOR A TERMINATED CALL SEND A PAGE RE MESSAGE UPDATE OVERHEAD INFORMATION SPONSE MESSAGE PAGE RESPONSE SUB SUBSTATE STATE { FOR AN ORIGINATED CALL SEND AN ORIGINA { FOR REGISTRATION SEND A REGISTRATION MES TION MESSAGE ORIGINATION ATTEMPT SUB SAGE REGISTRATION ACCESS SUBSTATE 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER { FOR MESSAGE TRANSMISSION SEND DATA WITH THE "3 7HEN THE CALL IS DISCONNECTED BURST MESSAGE MESSAGE TRANSMISSION -3 RECEIVES THE RELEASE ORDER SUBSTATE { UPON RECEIVING A MESSAGE FROM THE "3 SEND THE RESPONSE -3 ORDERMESSAGE )6 -/"),% /&&)#% 3%26)#%3 RESPONSE SUBSTATE 7E HAVE DEVELOPED THREE TYPES OF NON $ 4RAbC #HANNEL 3TATE SPEECH SERVICES AND WE CALL THEM AS THE MO BILE ObCE SERVICES 4HEY ARE ASYNC DATA 4HIS STATE CONSISTS OF FOUR SUBSTATES INI ' FAX AND 3-3 THAT DEAL WITH TEXTS IM TIALIZATION WAITING FOR ORDER WAITING FOR AGES MESSAGES AND DATABASE ;= ;= 4O -3 ANSWER AND CONVERSATION 4HE STATE DEVELOP THE MOBILE ObCE SERVICES 3/ PRO STARTS WITH THE INITIATION SUBSTATE )N THE CESSING AND DATA INTERFACE FUNCTIONS MUST SUBSTATE THE -3 VERI`ES THE FORWARD AND BE IMPLEMENTED 4HE 3/ NUMBER REVERSE TRAbC CHANNELS BY TRANSMITTING A AND ARE ASSIGNED FOR SPEECH ASYNC DATA PREAMBLE RECEIVING THE "3 ACK AND THEN ' FAX AND 3-3 RESPECTIVELY 4HE SELECTED TRANSMITTING THE NULL TRAbC DATA EVERY SERVICE IS PROCESSED BY THE 3/ NEGOTIATION MS !FTER THE SUCESSFUL VERI`CATION THE PROCEDURES SPECI`ED BY THE 44! STATE IS CHANGED TO THE WAITING FOR ORDER SUBSTATE )N THE WAITING FOR ORDER EITHER !SYNC $ATA AND ' &AX 3ERVICE CALL ORIGINATION OR CALL TERMINATION CAN HAP PEN &OR AN ORIGINATED CALL THE -3 SENDS ! #ON`GURATION AN ORIGINATION MESSAGE !FTER RECEIVING THE &IGURE SHOWS THE CON`GURATION OF THE SERVICE OPTION 3/ RESPONSE ORDER THE -3 ASYNC DATA AND ' FAX SERVING SYSTEM CON`RMS THE 3/ BY SENDING ACK 4HEN AFTER !SYNC DATA AND ' FAX HAVE THE SAME CON IT RECEIVES THE ALERT WITH INFORMATION MES `GURATION IN #$-! CELLULAR NETWORKS !P SAGES WITH RINGBACK TONE /. AND /&& SIG PLICATION SOFTWARE AND 3/ DISTINGUISH FROM NALFROMTHE"3 THE-3GOESINTOTHECON !SYNC DATA AND ' FAX SERVICE VERSATION SUBSTATE &OR A TERMINATED CALL -3 SIDE IS COMPOSED OF AN -3 LABELED UPON RECEIVING THE SERVICE OPTION RESPONSE AS -4 AND TWO EXTERNAL DEVICES CONNECTED ORDER THE CALLED -3 SENDS AN ACK TO CON`RM WITH 23 # /NE EXTERNAL DEVICE IS A NON THE 3/ AND RECEIVES AN ALERT WITH INFORMA )3$. DATA TERMINAL LABELED AS 4% WHICH TION MESSAGE 7HEN THE SUBSCRIBER AT THE PROVIDES AN APPLICATION SOFTWARE 4HE OTHER -3 RESPONDS THE -3 GOES INTO THE WAITING IS A TERMINAL ADAPTER 4! THAT GIVES AN IN FOR -3 ANSWER SUBSTATE SENDS A CONNECT OR TERFACE BETWEEN 4% AND -4 4! SUP DER AND GOES INTO THE CONVERSATION SUBSTATE PORTS THE STANDARD MODEM COMMAND SET FOR TO START EXCHANGING PRIMARY TRAbC PACKETS ASYNC DATA AND EXTENED !4 COMMAND SET %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL ! D % % . ! 6" 8 6 67 .6 6 %' # . " D # 2 &IG #ON`GURATION OF THE ASYNC DATA AND ' FAX SERVING SYSTEM FOR ' FAX !ND ALSO WE DESIGNED 4! TO HAVE PROTOCOL STACK EXCEPT RADIO LINK PROTO % COL 2,0 TO REDUCE -3 LOAD )NFORMATION TRANSMISSION IS ACCOM PLISHEDBYUSINGADATAORAFAXMODEM 2 3 )N THE #$-! CELLULAR NETWORK THE DATA AND FAX MODEM ARE IN AN INTERWORKING FUNC 3 TION )7& IN THE -3# )7& IS A POOL OF , 3 MODEMS )T TERMINATES CELLULAR SPECI`C MO $ DEM AND FAX PROTOCOL AND CONVERTS THE PRO 86< TOCOL INTO A STANDARD MODEM AND FAX PRO TOCOL 4HE )7& ASSIGNS ONE MODEM FOR ONE &IG 4HE REFERENCE MODEL OF THE PROTOCOL STACK DATA SERVICE USER 3O A MOBILE SUBSCRIBER SHOULD CONTROL THE ASSIGNED MODEM BY US 4#0)0 HAS BEEN WIDELY USED IN COM ING THE MODEM COMMANDS OVER THE AIR TO PUTER NETWORKS FOR TRANSPORT LAYER AND NET INITIATE OR RECEIVE A DATA OR A FAX CALL WORK LAYER PROTOCOLS 4O APPLY THE 4#0)0 " 0ROTOCOL 3TACK TO WIRELESS ENVIRONMENT SUB NETWORK DE PENDENT CONVERGENCE FUNCTION 3.$#& 4HE REFERENCE MODEL OF THE PROTOCOL LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL ,#0 INTERNET PRO STACK IS SHOWN IN &IG ;= 4RANS TOCOL CONTROL PROTOCOL )0#0 AND POINT TO PORT CONTROL PROTOCOL AND INTERNET PROTOCOL POINT PROTOCOL 000 ARE USED FOR DATA LINK 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER LAYER PROTOCOLS !LSO 2,0 IS USED FOR ERROR THE 44! REVERSE AND FORWARD TRAbC RECOVERY OF THE RADIO LINK 4HIS PROTOCOLS CHANNELS )T IS IMPLEMENTED IN AN -3 ARE AS FOLLOWS ;= AND "3# 2,0 LAYER CARRIES THE VARI ABLE LENGTH DATA PACKETS OF THE APPLI { !PPLICATION ,AYER CATIONLAYERINTO44! TRAbCCHANNEL !PPLICATION COMPATIBILITY FOR ASYNC FRAMES FOR TRANSMISSION 2,0 GENERATES DATA AND FAX IS ACHIEVED BY STANDARD AND SUPPLIES EXACTLY ONE FRAME TO THE COMPUTER SOFTWARE $ATA TERMINAL SUCH MULTIPLEX SUBLAYER EVERY MS AS A NOTEBOOK COMPUTER PROVIDES THE { 0HYSICAL ,AYER APPLICATION SOFTWARE WHICH USES THE 0HYSICAL LAYER OF THE )3 IS THE SAME AS STANDARD MODEM COMMANDS FOR CALL INI 4)!%)!)3 ! /UR SYSTEM HAS THE TIATION AND RESPONSE !PPLICATION IN 44! TRAbC CHANNEL WHICH IS DIVIDED TERFACE !) HAS A ROLE OF THE MODEM INTO MS TIME SLOTS %ACH TIME SLOT CONTROL AND MODEM COMMAND PROCESS CANBEUSEDTOTRANSMITA`XEDAMOUNT ING FOR APPLICATION PROGRAM OF BITS )T HAS BEEN DE`NED AS A MULTIPLEX { 4RANSPORT ,AYER OPTION 4#0 IS INTENDED FOR PROVIDING THE RELI ABLE FULL DUPLEX DATA TRANSMISSION # $ESIGNED 0ROTOCOL AND 3IGNALING 0ROCE { .ETWORK ,AYER DURE )0 IS A NETWORK PROTOCOL FOR TRANSMIT TING BLOCKS OF DATA CALLED DATAGRAMS &IGURESHOWSAPROPOSEDPROTOCOL FROM SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS WHERE STACK FOR THE DATA SERVICES 4% HAS APPLI SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS ARE HOSTS IDEN CATION LAYER FOR ASYNC DATA AND FAX 4! HAS TI`ED BY `XED LENGTH ADDRESSES APPLICATION INTERFACE FOR MODEM COMMAND { $ATA ,INK ,AYER PROCESSING AND DATA COMPRESSION NEGOTIA 3.$#& PERFORMS HEADER COMPRESSION TION 4#0 )#-0 3.$#& )0#0 ,#0 AND ON THE HEADERS OF THE 4#0)0 000 PRO 000 -4 HAS 2,0 FOR !21 ON AIR INTER VIDES THE SIMPLE LINK TO TRANSPORT THE FACE AND PHYSICAL LAYER OF 44! 4% PACKETS BETWEEN BOTH PEERS ,#0 IS AND 4! IS CONNECTED WITH 23 # SERIAL USED FOR INITIAL LINK ESTABLISHMENT AND INTERFACE 4! AND -4 HAVE SERIAL INTERFACE NEGOTIATION OF THE OPTIONAL LINK CAPABIL ALSO ITIES )NTERNET PROTOCOL CONTROL PROTOCOL &IGURE REPRESENTS A SIGNALING PROCE )0#0 NEGOTIATES THE )0 ADDRESSES AND DURE FOR A DATA SERVICE CALL 4O TRANS 4#0)0 HEADER COMPRESSION MIT THE INFORMATION USING 4% AT `RST { 2ADIO ,INK ,AYER THE SUBSCRIBER RUNS THE APPLICATION 37 2,0 IS A DATA LINK LAYER PROTOCOL FOR RE AND ACCOMPLISHES THE MODEM INITIALIZA DUCING AN ERROR RATE TYPICALLY EXISTED ON TION COMMANDS 4HEN 4% SENDS THOSE %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL +)" , / , / +)" "5 ) "5 ) . ="5 ) ="5 ) . . . . . . , .. . . .. , ...... "5 ) "5 ) % . % . : &IG 4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROTOCOL STACK IN #$-! ASYNC DATA AND FAX SERVING SYSTEM COMMANDS TO 4! 4! STORES THE MO FROM 034. -3# DOESNT IDENTIFY THE TYPE DEM CON`GURATION INFORMATION AND RETURNS OF CALL AND DOESNT KNOW THE 3/ FOR PAG THE RESPONSE 4! SENDS A START PACKET ING 3O WE USED X&& AS A 3/ NUMBER FOR 4! 3/ 34!24 WITH DETERMINED 3/ TO 034. CALL )F THE -4 RECEIVES THE PAGE -4 AND WAITS FOR THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT MESSAGE WITH X&& -4 DETERMINES THE FROM -4 $3 34!24 !#+ 3/ WHICH IS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE BY -3 AND &OR MOBILE ORIGINATING CALL ! THE SENDS THE PAGE RESPONSE MESSAGE WITH THE DETERMINED 3/ !FTER TRAbC CHANNEL INI SUBSCRIBER SENDS A MODEM DIAL COMMAND TIALIZATION SUBSTATE AND WAITING FOR ORDER !4$ MEANS TERMINATED USER NUM SUBSTATE IF -4 RECEIVES THE ALERT WITH IN BER ON 4% 4! RECOGNIZES IT AND SENDS FORMATION MESSAGE FROM THE "3 -4 SENDS THE CALL ORIGINATION 4! 3/ 2%1 PACKET THE ALERTING PACKET 4! 3/ !,%24 TO 4! TO -4 WITH THE DIAL NUMBER AND 3/ OR FOR RINGING 4! SENDS MODEM RING MES !CCORDINGTOTHEPACKETFROM4! -4 SAGE <2).' TO 4% 4% ANSWERS WITH SENDS AN ORIGINATION MESSAGE TO THE "3 FOR MODEM ANSWER COMMAND !4! 4! SENDS REQUESTING A CALL !CCORDING TO THE 44! THE ANSWER PACKET $3 3/ !.37%2 TO CALL PROCESSING -4 AND "3 PROCESS THE -4FORANSWERINGACALL 4HEN-4 TRAbC CHANNEL INITIALIZATION SUBSTATE AND GO SENDS A CONNECT ORDER TO "3 4HEN -4 TO THE CONVERSATION SUBSTATE AND"3GOTOTHECONVERSATION SUBSTATE )NTHECASEOFMOBILETERMINATEDCALL" )N THE CONVERSATION SUBSTATE -4ACCOM "3PAGESAN-3WITHPAGEMESSAGEWITH PLISHES THE CALL SETUP ACCORDING TO 3/ NEGO 3/ ORX&&)FTHECALLISREQUESTED TIATION INITIALIZES 2,0 AND INFORMS 4! OF 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER ") H7-I >7> % $7J' > % > - H KI >7>% 6$KF"7J' 7 " $KF"7J' : " ".)"$ 55) "="* F"0 "* . " $7JF"9/,,' ) >7>. ( $7JF"9/,,' . "% " "$7J' : " ".)"$ 55) "="* F"G "5"7"* ' "G "5 H%(I >7> % H I >7> G % )"7 : " ".)"$0 "* ' % . ="2"+)= % . >7>7,% 5 = ... 5 = ... . #"="2"+)= . .. 5* %A* .. $. .) "$+ < '' .. $. ". "$+ .. .. 5* %A*"$ "B' .. .. 5* -"$. " "' .. . B . . ="2"." " ) . 5" 0" ") H7-I H7 I H7 I "0) &IG 3IGNALING PROCEDURE FOR THE MOBILE ORIGINATING CALL CALL CONNECTION WITH CALL CONNECTED PACKET PROTOCOL EACH OTHER )0#0 NEGOTIATE THE )0 $3 3/ #/.&)2- 3ELF INITIALIZATION OF ADDRESS 4#0)0 IS INITIALIZED AND THE "3 000 IN 4! AND THE "3 IS ACCOMPLISHED ALLOCATES THE TEMPORARY )0 ADDRESS TO THE ,#0 INITIALIZE THE LINK AND SYNCHRONIZE THE -3 4HEN 4! TRANSFERS THE PRE SAVED MO %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL DEM COMMANDS TO THE "3 THROUGH PROTOCOL A BIG DATA SUCH AS A `LE OR FAX DATA THE STACK AND WAITS FOR THE MODEM RESPONSE BY PERFORMANCE WILL DEGRADE SERIOUSLY 3O )3 )7& ON -3# )F A MODEM OF THE )7& IS RECOMMENDS THE 3.$#& LAYER WHICH RE CONNECTED WITH THE OTHER PART MODEM 4% DUCES THE 4#0)0 HEADER SIZE BY 6AN *A RECEIVES <#/..%#4 RESULT CODE FROM THE COBSON 4#0)0 HEADER COMPRESSION ALGO )7& MODEM 4HEN IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE THE RITHM (OWEVER UNFORTUNATELY THE RETRANS CORRESPONDING SERVICE MISSION FRAME DOES NOT USE THE ALGORITHM 3O WE CANNOT ACHIEVE THE DATA RATE HIGHER $ 1UALITY OF THE 3ERVICE THAN KBPS 2,0 LAYER CARRIES THE VARI 3INCE MULTIPLEX OPTION LIMITS THE DATA ABLE LENGTH DATA PACKETS TO ITS UPPER LAYER RATE TO KBPS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE UNFOR OVER BOTH 44! REVERSE AND FORWARD TRAF TUNATELY TO FULLY GET THE SAME DATA RATE `C CHANNEL )T GENERATES AND SUPPLIES EX AS THAT OF THE WIRED NETWORK ENVIRONMENT ACTLY ONE FRAME TO THE MULTIPLEX SUBLAYER !LSO THE OVERHEAD OF PROTOCOL STACK REDUCES EVERY M3 2,0 IS PURE .!+ BASED SE THE PURE DATA RATE 000 USES THE PRINCIPLES LECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL 7HEN THE 2,0 DESCRIBED IN )3/ ($,! FRAME LAYER OF THE RECEIVING PART DETECTS AN ER STRUCTURE MORE RECENTLY THE FOURTH EDITION ROR FRAME IT SENDS .!+ REQUESTING FRAME )3/ WHICH SPECI`ES MODI`CA FOR RETRANSMISSION !LSO IF THE RETRANS TIONS TO ALLOW ($,# USE IN ASYNCHRONOUS MISSION FRAME HAS AN ERROR AGAIN IT SENDS ENVIRONMENTS 4HE CONTROL ESCAPE OCTET .!+ FRAME AGAIN (OWEVER BOTH SENDING IS DE`NED AS HEXADECIMAL XD !FTER AND RECEIVING PART CANNOT WAIT FOREVER FOR COMPUTATION THE TRANSMITTER EXAM COMPENSATING THE ERROR CONTINUOUSLY HAP INES THE ENTIRE FRAME BETWEEN THE TWO aAG PENING IN A ROW 3O )3 SETS THE TIMER SEQUENCES %ACH aAG SEQUENCE CONTROL ES FOR MISSING FRAME AND LIMITS THE RETRIALS TO CAPE OCTET AND ANY OCTET THAT IS aAGGED THREE TIMES 2,0 ABORTS THE ATTEMPT AF IN THE SENDING ASYNC CONTROL CHARACTER MAP TERTHREETIMESRETRIALSANDPASSESWHAT !##- ARE REPLACES BY A TWO OCTET SE QUENCE CONSISTING EXCLUSIVE ORD WITH HEX EVER IT HAS GOTTEN TO ITS UPPER LAYER 4HE ADECIMAL X (OWEVER THIS OCTET STU_ THROUGHPUT OF 4#0 IS DEPENDENT ON &%2 ING INCREASES THE 000 HEADER SIZE AND HAS OF 2,0 FRAMES EVENTUALLY PASSED TO ITS UP AN E_ECT OF THE PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION PERLAYERANDAVERAGEROUNDTRIPDELAYOF 4#0)0 DATAGRAMS ARE TRANSPORTED OVER A 2,0 FRAMES 4#0 HAS A GO BACK . !21 SERIAL )0 LINK FROM -3 AND IT HAS ALSO THEIR AND SLIDING WINDOW MECHANISM )F RECEIVING OWN HEADER 3INCE TRANSMISSION LINK IS TOO APPLICATION GENERATES RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY SLOW BY LIMITATION OF WIRELESS LINK THE BIG AFTER DATA ARRIVES A SHORT DELAY MAY PERMIT 4#0)0 HEADER SIZE MAY DEGRADE THE PER THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO PIGGYBACK ON A DATA FORMANCE )F SENDING APPLICATION PREPARES SEGMENT (OWEVER IF RECEIVING APPLICATION 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER DONT RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY IN CASE OF FAX CALL OR `LE TRANSFER RECEIVING APPLICATION 4ABLE 4EST RESULTS WAITS TO RECEIVE THE END OF DATA 'ENER 4EST )TEMS $ETAILED 4EST )TEMS 4EST 2ESULTS ALLY A SENDING 4#0 DELAYS SENDING A SEG MOBILE TO MOBILE PASS MENT UNTIL IT CAN ACCUMULATE A REASONABLE !SYNC $ATA AMOUNT OF DATA )N THIS CASE IF SENDING AP MOBILE TO LAND PASS 3ERVICE PLICATION GENERATES DATA ONE OCTET AT A TIME 4#0 WILL SEND THE `RST OCTET IMMEDIATELY LAND TO MOBILE PASS 4HEN UNTIL ACKNOWLEDGMENT ARRIVES 4#0 !SYNC &ILE MOBILE TO MOBILE PASS ACCUMULATES ADDITIONAL OCTETS IN ITS BU_ER 4RANSFER MOBILE TO LAND PASS 4HIS IS KNOWN AS .AGLE ALGORITHM WHICH IS USED TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF SMALL PACK 3ERVICE LAND TO MOBILE PASS ETS SENT BY A HOST (OWEVER BECAUSE THE MOBILE TO MOBILE PASS SENDING APPLICATION GENERATES BURST DATA FOR ' FAX MOBILE TO LAND PASS THE `LE OR FAX DATA AND THE APPLICATION IS 3ERVICE FULLY FAST COMPARED TO THE WIRELESS NETWORK LAND TO MOBILE PASS 4#0 BU_ER MAY OVERaOW FOR WAITING !#+ 0ERFORMANCE "IT %RROR 4EST p AND TRANSMISSION TIMER FOR APPLICATION PRO TOCOL SUCH AS `LE TRANSFER PROTOCOL AND 4 4EST PROTOCOL WILL BE TIMED OUT 3O THIS .AGLE ALGORITHM CAN IMPEDE PERFORMANCE 3-3 % )MPLEMENTATION AND 4EST 2ESULTS ! /VERVIEW AND 0ROTOCOL 3TACK )F THE CALL IS SET UP AS IN 3ECTION # DATA OR FAX IMAGES CAN BE TRANSMITTED AND RE 3-3 IS DE`NED AS THE EXCHANGE OF SHORT CEIVED BY 44! PRIMARY TRAbC CHANNEL ALPHANUMERIC MESSAGES BETWEEN -3 WITH &OR THE DATA PROCESSING WE IMPLEMENTED EXTERNAL DEVICE AND THE SHORT MESSAGE SER DATA TASK $ATA TASK COMMUNICATES WITH VICE MESSAGE CENTER 3-3 -# IN -3# 4! BY 3)/ 3ERIAL )/ INTERFACE 7E ALSO %ACH SHORT MESSAGE IS DELIVERED BY DATA USED THE CIRCULAR BU_ER FOR EACH RECEIVING BURST MESSAGE ON THE PAGING ACCESS CHANNEL AND TRANMITTING OF DATA 4ABLE PRESENTS WITHOUT CONNECTING WITH TRAbC CHANNEL OR THE TEST RESULTS BASED ON TEST ENVIRONMENTS ON THE TRAbC CHANNEL BY STORE FORWARD OF &IG 4HIS TEST EXCLUDES THE MOBILITY SCHEME )T HAS A CHARACTERISTIC THAT THE AND HANDO_ 4RANSMISSION RATE IS UP TO 3-3 IS PROVIDED BY THE STORE AND FORWARD KBPS #RITERION FOR PASSING IS DETER METHOD THROUGH -3 AND 3-3 -# AND ALSO MINED AS THE CASE OF AT MOST ONE FAIL OF IT IS POSSIBLE TO SERVICE AS A NORMAL AND EX OR MORE TRIALS TENTION MODE FOR THE LONG MESSAGE 'ENER %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL ALLY THE SERVICE TYPES ARE CLASSI`ED AS FOL THE TELESERVICE LAYER USES `VE KINDS OF MES LOWS SAGES FOR MESSAGE DELIVERY SUBMISSION CAN CELLATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT !LL THESE { #$-! DIGITAL PAGING TELESERVICE AREPACKEDINTHE#(!2I`ELDOFDATABURST { #$-! CELLULAR MESSAGING TELESERVICE MESSAGE AND EXCHANGED { #$-! VOICE MAIL ALERTNOTI`CATION TELESERVICE " 3-3 -OBILE 3TATION { #$-! CELLULAR BROADCAST TELESERVICE )3 ;= RECOMMENDS THAT THE -3 SUP 4HE 3-3 PROTOCOL STACK IS SHOWN IN PORTS THE INTERFACES WITH DISPLAY UNIT AND &IG 4HE LINK LAYER REPRESENTS THE KEYBOARD FOR MESSAGE ENTRY )T IS CONSIDERED #!) AND MESSSAGE PROCESSING PROCEDURE ON THE FACT THAT KEYBOARD ON NOTEBOOK IS MORE 44! 4HE RELAY LAYER PROVIDES THE IN CONVENIENT THAN SMALL ENTRY UNIT ON -3 )T TERFACE AS A NETWORK ROUTER BETWEEN THE IS THE MOST RESONABLE SCHEME BECAUSE NOTE TRANSPORT LAYER AND THE LINK LAYER USED FOR BOOK ALSO CAN BE USED DATAFAX SERVICES MESSAGE TRANSMISSION 4HE TRANSPORT LAYER MANAGES THE END TO END DELIVERY OF MES SAGES AND IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RECEIVING 3-3 A @ > @ TRANSPORT LAYER MESSAGES FROM AN UNDERLY $ A% $)(1 @' % ING 3-3 RELAY LAYER INTERPRETING THE DESTI @ ( @ $ % ( A 8 @ @ +3 &IG 3TRUCTURE OF -4 SOFTWARE FOR 3-3 /5 /5 3 4O IMPLEMENT 3-3 THE -3 HAS TO ?* HAVE THE FOLLOWING SERVERAL FUNCTIONS 3-3 PROTOCOL PROCESSING 3/ NEGOTIATION USER &IG 3-3 PROTOCOL STACK FRIENDLY INTERFACE MESSAGE RECEIPT STORAGE CONSTRUCTION AND ORIGINATION DISPLAY OF +O NATION ADDRESS AND OTHER ROUTING INFORMA REAN LETTERS ETC &IGURE SHOWS A STRUC TION AND FORWARDING THE MESSAGE VIA AN UN TURE OF 37 FOR 3-3 4HE 3-3 TASK COM DELYING 3-3 RELAY LAYER 4HE TELESERVICE MUNICATES WITH THE EXTERNAL DEVICE 4! AND LAYER LOCATES AN END OF STACK AND SUPPORTS 4% WHICH HAS THE PROTOCOL STACK AND PRO THE PROVIDED SERVICE 4O PROVIDE THE 3-3 CESSES THE DATA BURST MESSAGE FROM MAIN 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER TASK 4HE MAIN CONTROL TASK DEALS WITH 4X ABSOLUTE POWER CHARACTERISTICS AND SPURI TASK FOR TRANSMISSION AND 2X TASK FOR RE OUSEMISSIONSSUCHASFREQUENCY HANDO_ CEIVING .OTEBOOK HAS A FUNCTION FOR INTER MODULATION OUTPUT POWER AND LIMITATIONS PRETING AND DISPLAYING OF INFORMATION SUCH ON EMISSIONS AS +OREAN LETTERS 4HE ORIGINATION AND " #ONSTRUCTION OF 4EST 3YSTEM TERMINATION CALL PROCEDURES ARE THE SAME AS SPEECH COMMUNICATION EXCEPT THAT THE !BLOCKDIAGRAMOFTESTSETUPISSHOWN DATA BURST MESSAGE ARE EXCHANGED INSTEAD IN THE &IG )T IS NECESSARY THAT A TEST OF SPEECH AND 3/ NUMBER IS DI_ERENT EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONING AS A "3 PROVIDES SPECI`C SIGNALS AND SIGNALING MESSAGES TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A #$-! LINK 7E 6 4%34 3934%- $%6%,/0-%. USED 1UALCOMM ROVING TEST SYSTEM 243 4 &/2 0%2&/2-!.#% )N ORDER TO REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INaUENCE %6!,5!4)/. %-) FROM THE FORWARD LINK WE DESIGNED A SHIELDING CHAMBER FOR THE -3 /THER TEST #ONSTRUCTION OF -3 4EST 3YSTEM AND EQUIPMENTS USED ARE A -0 .OISE#OM 4EST !UTOMATION CHANNEL SIMULATOR A (0% SPECTRUM ANALYZER WITH (0! #$-! PERSON ! #$-! -3 4EST 3TANDARD ALITY A METER 7AVEFORM 1UALITY -E TER INCLUDING (0! #$-! ADAPTOR #$-! -3 TEST REQUIREMENTS ARE DETER A CODING ACCURACY EQUIPMENT AN !7'. MINED BY THE MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STAN GENERATOR AND A #7 GENERATOR DARD ;= 4HESE REQUIREMENTS ARE NEEDED TO ENSURE OPERATIONS ABOVE CERTAIN PERFOR # !UTOMATION OF 4EST 0ROCEDURE MANCE LEVEL 4HIS STANDARD SPECI`ES EN #$-! -3 TESTS ARE COMPOSED OF MANY VIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS PROTOCOLS AND COMPLICATED PARAMETER SETTING OF "3 AND 4X2X CHARACTERISTICS ABOUT #$-! -3 -3 AS WELL AS TEST EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION !NALOG RELATED ITEMS ARE OPTIONAL 2E 4O PREVENT MISTAKES CAUSED BY MANUAL OP CEIVER TEST REQUIREMENTS ARE CONCENTRATED ON ERATION OF WHOLE TEST PROCEDURE AND TO SAVE DEMODULATION PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIOUS TIME FOR REPETITIVE TEST DATA ACQUISITION TRANSMISSION CONDITIONS SUCH AS !7'. AND REMOTE CONTROL PROGRAM USING (0)" CON MULTIPATH FADING 4EST ITEMS ARE FREQUENCY TROLLER HAS BEEN DEVELOPED 4HIS PROGRAMS SYSTEM ACQUISITION UNDER HANDO_ DEMODU ARE BASED ON 7INDOWS OPERATION &OLLOWING LATION RECEIVER PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS ON THE &IG IT CONTAINS THE AUTOMATED FUNC EMISSIONS AND SUPERVISION 4HE TRANSMITTER TIONS WHICH ARE EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION TEST TESTS ARE CONCENTRATED ON TRANSMITTED WAVE ENVIRONMENT SETTING INCLUDING FORWARD PA FORM QUALITY POWER CONTROL PERFORMANCE RAMETER AND CHANNEL SIMULATOR SETTING TEST %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL 7" =7"766> 62 #D 62 (' 2 % 766 < 2 7"6 * #D . ., ., 6 27 766 2 6 % ., . (. &IG #$-! -3 TEST SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM ING RESULT ANALYSIS DATA STORAGEDISPLAY MESSAGESDE`NEDIN44! )FTHEREISANY AND PRINTOUT !N EXAMPLE OF THE TEST RE PROBLEM DURING A CALL SETUP WHICH RESULTS IN SULTSISSHOWNIN&IG4HISISTHERE AN ABNORMALLY TERMINATION OR IN SOME UN CEIVER CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MULTIPATH FAD KNOWN STATES WE WANT TO VERIFY WHETHER THE ING CHANNEL ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS BASED ON MESSAGES ARE EXCHANGED CORRECTLY OR NOT THE RECEIVER TEST aOW OF &IG )N THE SIMI 44! MESSAGE ANALYSIS TOOL 4-!4 IS LAR WAY ALL THE TEST aOWS OF THE PERFORMANCE AN ANALYSIS TOOL WHICH IS USED TO VALIDATE STANDARD ;= ARE MADE AND -3 TEST CAN THE MESSAGE aOWS BE PERFORMED AUTOMATICALLY BY SIMPLE PER SONAL COMPUTER MANIPULATION ! ,OGGING OF -ESSAGE -3 DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR $- MONITORS 44! -ESSAGE !NALYSIS 4OOL THE-3)TDISPLAYSTHEREALTIMESTATUSOF -3 TRACKS THE -3 37 OR SAVES RECORDS !LL CALL PROCESSING OF -3 AND "3 ARE OF POWER CONTROL SIGNALING MESSAGE PARAM ACCOMPLISHED BY EXCHANGING THE SIGNALING ETERS ETC )F THE $- REQUESTS THE SAVING 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER &IG !UTOMATION 37 FOR #$-! -3 RECEIVER TEST OF SIGNALING MESSAGE THE -3 COLLECTS MES ALSO DATA BODY CONTAINS THE MESSAGE INFOR SAGES RECEIVED OR TRANSMITTED AND SENDS IT MATION LIKE LENGTH TYPE DATA AND #2# TO THE $- 4HE MESSAGE PACKETS EXCHANGED 4HIS DATA BODY DEPENDS ON 44! SIGNAL BETWEENTHE-3ANDTHE$-AREDISTIN ING MESSAGE FORMAT $- SAVES THE PACKET GUISHEDBYTHECOMMANDCODEINTHE`RST AS A BINARY `LE FOR EACH MESSAGE BECAUSE IT BYTE OF EACH PACKET &IGURE SHOWS THE CANNOT DISPLAY ALL OF THEM ON SCREEN BY REAL RESPONSE PACKET STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE COM TIME MAND CODE )T CONSISTS OF LOGGING HEADER AND DATA BODY " -ESSAGE !NALYSIS 4HE LOGGING HEADER HAS THE INFORMATION !S SHOWN IN &IG 4-!4 READS A LOG OF LOGGED DATA WHICH ARE LEN TOTAL DATA GING HEADER FROM THE SAVED BINARY `LE AND LENGTH CODE SIGNALING MESSAGE TYPES AC THEN PARSES LEN CODE AND TS4HENITREADS CESS SYNC PAGING AND TRAbC CHANNEL AND THE REMAINING DATA ACCORDING TO THE DATA TS RECEIVING OR TRANSMITTING TIME !ND LENGTH PARSES THE MESSAGE `ELD ACCORDING %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL 6 ( . ( ' 5 ( ' 5 E( ' 5 !<6 ! L " 3 L ( ' 5 3 # 3 " #D , L . '% , " 6 L & /5( ( ' 56 " % ( ! # 2 < ' #D ' D . !D D . D #(?766 6. # D ., 7" ( . ' 7 G D . 7" ! 7 &IG &LOWCHART FOR THE RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS TEST ON THE MULTIPATH FADING CHANNEL ENVIRONMENT TO THE MESSAGE TYPE SAVES THEM AS A !3#)) TING TEST THAT ANALYSIS TOOL FOR EACH TEST ITEM `LE AND `NALLY DISPLAYS ON THE SCREEN AS WELL AS MESSAGE MONITORING 4HUS MO 7E SHOW IN &IG AN OUTPUT RESULT OF BILE STATION MONITORING SOFTWARE -3-3 4-!4 WHICH IS A SYSTEM PARAMETER MES TOOL WAS DEVELOPED WHICH BASED ON THE CON SAGE OF PAGING CHANNEL RECEIVED FROM "3 CEPT OF COMPACT FOR UTILIZING IN THE `ELDS TEST -3-3 CAN ANALYZE THE MESSAGE MONI -OBILE 3TATION -ONITORING 3OFTWARE TORING AND ANALYSIS SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION )T IS REQUIRED FOR TEST -3 AND INTEGRA DISPLAY POWER CONTROL HANDO_ AUTHENTICA 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER $, +, + + >+ ! $'>8. "+ ) $ & ,), ) * * ,), &IG 3TRUCTURE OF LOGGED DATA AND MESSAGE 7 ?/ =. %%2*222> (. <' : 5 % 5 . ' :' % ! . : % 7 . : // % =#D > #D 6 // . / :/D // % 6 // . : // % " "+ <'?/ "5 &IG 0ROCESSING OF MESSAGE PARSING TION AND REGISTRATION FUNCTION INCLUDING A IS EASY TO HANDLE HAS HIGH PERFOR PART OF 1UALCOMM $- FUNCTIONS AS SHOWN MANCE PROVIDES SECURITY AND IS IMMUNE IN &IG TO %-)%-# 4HE -3 IMPLEMENTATION FO CUSED ON ITS SERVICE VARIETY AND COST 4HE 6) &5452% %6/,54)/. -3 IS TO PROVIDE SERVICES OF MULTI MODE MULTI FUNCTIONS AND MULTI MEDIA AND AT /UR GOAL IS TO DEVELOP AN -3 WHICH THE SAME TIME IT MUST BE SMALL LIGHT %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL ! " # $$ % & # " # # !' ( # ""$ # * ""$ % # * "$ * "$ % # + & '' & , ! & ' , ! (# # ) &IG !N OUTPUT RESULT OF 4-!4 LOW POWER CONSUMPTION INEXPENSIVE AND PERFORMANCE WHICH WAS MADE BY IMPLE HIGHLY RELIABLE MENTING MONITORING AND ANALYSIS TOOL SUCH 4HE MOBILE STATION NOW EMPLOYS TECH AS 4-!4 -3-3 AND PERFORMANCE TEST SYS NOLOGIES SUCH AS 2& --)# !3)# TO RE TEM !ND ALSO IT WAS AN IMPORTANT THING DUCE COMPONENT SIZES !3)# INTEGRATION OF THAT COOPERATION WITH +OREAN $-S )T DIGITAL PART AND VOLT ,I )ON BATTERY TO RE WOULDBEBETTERTHATIFWEHADTHEMORE DUCE THE BATTERY WEIGHT AND TO INCREASE ITS #-3 TESTBED TO TEST THE DEVELOPED FEATURES ENERGY DENSITY ABOUT TWICE THAT OF .I -( QUICKLY TYPE 4HE MOBILE ObCE SERVICES WILL HAVE %42)AND+OREAN$-SDEVELOPEDND NEW FEATURES WITH SMART CARD CALLER )$ EN GENERATION -3 WITH VOLUME CC AND HANCED VOCODER )T WILL O_ER NEW FUNCTIONS WEIGHT G WHICH IS CURRENTLY UNDER COM FOR USERFRIENDLY SERVICE AS WELL AS LONG TALK MERCIAL SERVICE 7E WILL KEEP ON IMPROVING TIMES AND HIGH SOUND QUALITY THE -3 FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES CONSTANTLY RELATING WITH 0#3 AND &0,-43 6)) #/.#,53)/.3 2%&%2%.#%3 )N THIS PAPER WE PRESENTED THE DEVELOP MENT RESULTS OF A #$-! -3 AND ITS MOBILE ;= 44! )NTERIM 3TANDARD FOR #OMMON !IR )NTERFACE FOR $IGITAL #ELLULAR IN THE -(Z ObCE SERVICES !ND ALSO DESCRIBED THE TEST "AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOLS AND RESULTS OF PERFOR ;= 2 0ADOVANI <2EVERSE LINK PERFORMANCE OF )3 MANCE ANALYSIS BASED CELLULAR SYSTEMS )%%% 0ERSONAL #OM )N THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IT WAS NEC MUNICATION PP 1 ESSARY TO VERIFY CALL PROCESSING AND TO PROVE ;= %%SOF /MNISYS VER (EWLETT 0ACKARD 3UNYOUNG +IM ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER &IG -OBILE STATION MONITORING SOFTWARE ;=!*6ITERBI #$-! 0RINCIPLES OF 3PREAD 3PEC DATA SERVICES IN #$-! CELLULAR NETWORK 7IRE TRUM #OMMUNICATION !DDISON 7ESLEY LESS )NTERNATIONAL #ONF 0ROCEEDINGS VOL PP ;= * + (INDERLING <#$-! 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