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Pdf; 818.0 Kb Forest Diseases e 6. Interior West Forest Diseases MONITORINGVALUATION R CHAPTER 6 e Interior West Forest Diseases ANDSULTS A Mary L. Fairweather,1 Kelly S. Burns,2 I. Blakey Lockman3 cc OM Forest disease projects in the interior West focused mainly on blister rust severity in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), and p characterizing the health of white pines relative to white pine to develop and implement genetic conservation strategies in LIS blister rust (WPBR) incidence and intensity, and the dieback Yellowstone and Rocky Mountain national parks and several hMe and mortality of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) relative national forests in the Northern and Rocky Mountain Regions. NTS to drought, warmer temperatures, and accompanying secondary Long-term monitoring plots were established in Colorado, organisms. The dieback and mortality of thinleaf alder and Wyoming, Montana, and Nebraska to assess the ecological incidence of armillaria root pathogens were also explored. impacts of the disease and ultimately to refine management and restoration efforts. Five-Needle Pine Blister Rust Projects Project INT-EM-01-04: Monitoring White Pine Blister Rust Spread and Establishment in the Central White pine blister rust, caused by the invasive pathogen Rocky Mountains—The purpose of this project was to Cronartium ribicola, is a serious disease of white pines monitor the distribution and status of WPBR in previously and other five-needle pines. Around 1998, surveys and unsurveyed areas of Colorado, southern Wyoming, northern observations demonstrated the disease was spreading into New Mexico, and portions of the Greater Yellowstone areas once thought to be too arid, high, and remote for the Ecosystem (GYE) encompassing Forest Service Regions 1, 2, 3, rust to become established. An Evaluation Monitoring (EM) and 4. To accomplish this, several projects were synchronized project was initiated in 2001 to expand monitoring efforts into using compatible survey methods to gain a better understanding the largely unsurveyed central and southern Rocky Mountains of the status of the disease throughout this broad region. encompassing Regions 1, 2, 3, and 4. Surprisingly, isolated Coordinated projects included a study of the role of Ribes spp. WPBR outbreaks were discovered in several locations in in the intensification and distribution of blister rust in the GYE Colorado and the disease was reported for the first time on (Newcomb 2003, Newcomb and Six 2003); the development of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata). These a rapid system for rating WPBR incidence, severity and within- new findings heightened concerns about the status of high tree distribution in whitebark pine (Six and Newcomb 2005); elevation white pines of the northern, central, and southern and a dissertation on the current status and potential impacts of Rocky Mountains and clarified the need for more in-depth, white pine blister rust in the central Rocky Mountains (Kearns long-term monitoring to gain a better understanding of the 2005). Surveys were completed in 2002 and 2003. status of these species and ecological impacts of the disease. Consequently, several more EM projects were initiated. Most plots in the GYE (85 percent) had infected trees, and the average disease intensity on infected plots was 35 percent. Results have been useful to land managers needing to manage, The incidence of disease was still relatively low in Colorado protect, and restore white pine stands. Furthermore, each of and southern Wyoming, and no rust was found in northern these EM projects was coordinated with and complemented New Mexico. Overall, only 15 percent of plots in this area had other research efforts leading to a more thorough infected trees, and the average intensity on infected plots was understanding of the disease in the region. For example, EM 14 percent. No infected trees were observed within Rocky data were used to model the potential distribution of blister Mountain National Park (RMNP) and at the same time the rust in Colorado, to develop a rapid system for surveying disease front was estimated to be only 13 miles (21 km) away to the north (Burns 2005). (Infected trees were observed in 1 Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Flagstaff, RMNP in 2009.) Isolated infestations in the Sangre de Cristo AZ, 86001; telephone: 928-556-2075; email: [email protected]. and Wet Mountains of south-central Colorado were discovered. 2 Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Golden, Most infected trees were limber pine, although infected Rocky CO, 80401; telephone: 303-236-8006; email: [email protected]. Mountain bristlecone pines were discovered for the first time in 3 Plant Pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Missoula, their native range within the Great Sand Dunes National Park MT, 59807; telephone: 406-329-3189; email: [email protected]. and Preserve, Sangre de Cristo Mountains. 31 Forest Diseases e VALUATION MONITORINGVALUATION R 6. Interior West Forest Diseases Project INT-EM-04-05: Monitoring White Pine Blister were established in this new infection area and within the park. Rust Spread and Establishment in the Central These data have been used to develop and implement genetic Rocky Mountains, Stage 2—A more in-depth survey conservation strategies in Rocky Mountain National Park and was initiated in the Sangre de Cristo and Wet Mountains in on the Arapaho-Roosevelt and Medicine Bow National Forests. e SULTS ANDSULTS A light of the newly discovered infestations. Specific objectives This project was ongoing in 2009. were to delimit the geographic extent and intensity of the new infestations, determine the incidence of disease on Rocky Project INT-EM-00-03: Determining the Condition of Mountain bristlecone pine, install monitoring plots in the Whitebark Pine in the Northern Region—Data collected cc Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and map the current distribution by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the OM p of WPBR in the southern and central Rocky Mountains. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, from 1994 to LIS Work was coordinated with and complemented other studies 1998 were analyzed in order to characterize whitebark pine hMe including a Special Technology Development Project (STDP) and its forest health condition. Although the original intent was NTS to develop a WPBR hazard-rating system and a rust resistance to use data from both Montana and Idaho, only the Montana study in Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine. data were conducive to this analysis. Most white bark pine plots are in subalpine fir vegetation types, and will succeed to Thirty-six long-term monitoring plots were established in the fir in the absence of fire. Whitebark pines are generally larger Sangre de Cristo Mountains and 56 plots were established in than 5 inches (12.7 cm) diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), with the Wet Mountains. The incidence of WPBR is generally low little regeneration. Mortality was concentrated in groups of in both ranges and infected trees were not observed above trees larger than10 inches (25 cm) d.b.h., likely attributable 10,100 feet (3081 m) in elevation. However, white pines and to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). WPBR Ribes spp. coexist in both mountain ranges, and therefore, it infection was recorded on 16 percent of the FIA plots, was is likely that the disease will continue to spread and intensify. lower than expected, and believed to be inaccurate. The Infected bristlecone pines were only observed near Mosca authors concluded that FIA plots are best used to flag plots of Creek in the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve. concern and that it is unrealistic to expect intensive insect and Overall, small trees had a significantly higher frequency disease information from FIA plots. of severe infections. Impacts to larger trees were evident throughout the crowns. A GIS database was created and is Project INT-EM-03-03: Monitoring West-Wide updated yearly to map the current distribution of white pine Distribution and Condition of Whitebark Pine and blister rust in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. Limber Pine—The focus of this project was to create an interactive database of all off-plot monitoring data collected Project INT-EM-06-03: Monitoring Limber Pine on whitebark and limber pine throughout their ranges. Health in the Rocky Mountains—This study was Previous efforts at compiling data resulted in maps that could conducted to assess the ecological impacts of WPBR on not be adequately used at a sub-regional or sub-watershed limber pine (Pinus flexilis) within the central and southern level. There is a need to have readily accessible data for all Rocky Mountains. Intensive measurements were taken to interested individuals. quantify impacts to crown structure, reproductive capability, stand structure, and species composition of tree and plant An interactive plot-level database with a GIS component species. Eighty-three monitoring plots were installed in 4 study was developed and released on CD and is now available as areas, including northern Colorado and southern Wyoming a downloadable version on the Region 1 Web site at http:// (36 plots together), central and western Wyoming (29 plots), www.fs.fed.us/r1-r4/spf/fhp/prog/programs2.html. This central Montana (16 plots), and southwestern North Dakota (2 Whitebark Limber Pine Information System (WLIS) consists plots). Plots will be revisited every 5 years. This project was of a limited number of critical fields representing key plot coordinated with an STDP project developing and refining data variables that can be queried and GIS-linked via a user- operational guidelines for cone collections and seed tree friendly interface. The application connects to the underlying collections to streamline restoration projects in limber pine. Microsoft Access Database using Microsoft Jet Database Engine technology. The application inserts, modifies and No blister rust was detected in the North Dakota plots.
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