Indianapolis Lady Pirates of the Caribbean
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TERROR AT SEA Eleanor Roosevelt's Lucky Escape from SS Britannic The Attack on the USS Indianapolis Lady Pirates of the Caribbean FAITH UNDER FIRE: WWI Canadian Army $5.95 Chaplain Frederick Scott Robert Louis Stevenson: The Amateur Emigrant HISTORY SOD HOUSES April/May 2014 NEWGATE: From Copper Mine to Prison “History is the memory of things said and done.” Carl L. Becker History Magazine opens a window on the past, telling tales of both pivotal mo- ments and everyday life. Written from a North American perspective, History Magazine’s articles are clear, informative and insightful, and come supported by beautiful illustrations and maps. SUBSCRIBE TODAY! Don’t like forms? With your credit card ready, please call 1-888-326-2476 toll-free during office hours (EST) to immediately arrange your subscription. 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Last Name: ____________________________________ First Name: ____________________________ Address: _____________________________________________________________________________ City: ______________________________ State/Province: _____ Zipcode/Postal Code: _____________ Phone Number: _______________________ E-mail Address: __________________________________ USA orders send to: History Magazine, PO Box 194, Niagara Falls, NY 14304 Please allow two to four weeks for delivery. Canadian orders send to: History Magazine, 505 Consumers Road, Suite 312, Toronto, ON M2J 4V8 GST# 13934 0186 RT www.history-magazine.com “The Odd Incidents of Their Rambling Lives...”— Page 8 Attack on the USS Indianapolis — Page 14 APRIL/MAYCONTENTS 2014 Opening Notes ............................................................6 Trivia: The Axe, Slide Rule "The Odd Incidents of Their Rambling Lives..." .........8 David A. Norris looks at the lives of Caribbean pirates Mary Read and Anne Bonny History Magazine The Attack on the USS Indianapolis ....................... 14 is Now on Twitter! Doug Gladstone recounts the Japanese submarine attack on a warship that would play a key role in the outcome of WWII For the latest news and views, great promo Sod Houses ..............................................................21 offers and other perks, Gloria Tietgens Sladek explores the history of the sod house and the “Follow” us on Twitter! role it played in helping to build the country Find us here: @History_Mag Newgate: From Copper Mine to Prison .................23 and Constance R. Cherba explores the storied history of the first we’ll see you there! chartered copper mine in the US, its eventual transformation into a prison, and later, a museum. Cover Credit: Photograph of the SS Britannic by John S. Johnston, dated 1890-1903. (Courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, part of the Detroit Publishing Company Photograph Collection) 4 History Magazine April/May 2014 Robert Louis Stevenson — Page 31 Faith Under Fire — Page 36 Terror at Sea — Page 44 Robert Louis Stevenson: ..........................................31 Amateur Emigrant Eric Niderost looks at the time spent in sunny California by the famous Scottish author Faith Under Fire.........................................................36 Alan Hustak looks at the incredible journey of WWI Canadian Army Chaplain, Fred Scott Mr. Smith's Feathered Treasures ..............................39 Jan Bridgeford-Smith looks at the life of ornithologist Greene Smith, and the extravagant exhibit space he created for his collection Is Your Terror at Sea: Eleanor Roosevelt's Lucky Escape......44 Jennie McKee recounts the horrific collision of two White Subscription Star Line vessels — SS Britannic and SS Celtic About to Expire? Check the back of this magazine FindMyPast.com's Digging Up the Roots ...............50 to see the expiry date. Liberty and union for the ages Call Toll-Free 1-888-326-2476 Hindsight ..................................................................53 or visit A look at a selection of books and other media that you might www.history-magazine.com want to explore to renew or subscribe! Or see the order form Questions or comments? on page 30 of this issue. Call 1-888-326-2476 or visit www.history-magazine.com April/May 2014 History Magazine 5 TRIVIA T HE A X E he axe, a wedged hand-tool that splits, punctures, digs, chips, and Tchops, has been used from time immemorial. Initially, axes were large flat stones with sharpened edges. Toward the end of the Stone Age, craftsmen hafted (a haft is a handle) axe-heads by wedging or lashing them onto wood or bone, or inserting them into their sockets. This increased the force of their cutting edges. Axe workshops, where thousands of ground stones were laboriously chipped into rough axe Carpenter’s axe. shapes, have been found across Europe. (Worldwide public domain) During the early Bronze Age, craftsmen forged and cold hammered flat, hafted axes (as well as other tools and weapons) from pure copper. heavy polls (the ends of their Thousands of years later, they cast them in bronze, an alloy of copper heads), cleared the vast forests of and tin that produced more durable blades. During the following mil- Europe. Single and double-bit lennium, axe heads were made of cheap, commonly-found iron. By axes with heavier polls and Roman times, they were made of steel, an alloy of iron hardened with shorter, wider smaller blades, carbon. During the Middle Ages, axe-heads were once again iron, with felled the hardwood forests of costly steel reserved for their blades. North America. Axes with steeply Through the ages, axes have varied in size, shape, and purpose. Light, tapered heads, slightly heavier narrow-bladed battle axes, designed to slice arms and legs, for example, than felling axes, split wood. Sin- were used in combat. Spear-like halbards, axe-heads mounted on gle or double-beveled broad axes, spiked poles, served as self-defense. their heads designed in hundreds Felling axes, with short cutting edges, double bevels and narrow, of regional patterns, once squared S L IDE RUL E he slide rule is based on logarithms, which John Napier, a Scottish eliminated the need for dividers Tmathematician, invented in the early 17th century. by sliding two Gunter’s Rules next A logarithm is the number of times a number is multiplied by itself to each other. His innovation – to get another number. For example, the logarithm of 8, with respect the first slide rule – evolved into