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Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover Katherine A.S wiley blackwell companions wiley blackwell companions to american history to american history EDITED BY EDITED Katherine A.S. Sibley A COMPANION TO Sibley A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover Katherine A.S. Sibley is Professor of History at WARREN G. HARDING, Katherine A.S. Sibley Saint Joseph’s University, USA. She is the author of four books, most recently First Lady Florence CALVIN COOLIDGE, AND The three presidents of the Republican era of Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy (2009) 1921–1933—Warren G. Harding, Calvin and Red Spies in America: Stolen Secrets and the Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover—have frequently Dawn of the Cold War (2004). Professor Sibley HERBERT HOOVER been caricatured, defamed, or dismissed in popular is also editing a forthcoming Companion on first history. This Companion provides a historiographical ladies, and serves on the editorial board of American approach to these administrations and the country Communist History as well as on the Historical “Anyone interested in the Harding-Coolidge-Hoover era will find this AND COOLIDGE, CALVIN they governed. Top experts on this era provide WARREN G. HARDING, G. HARDING, WARREN Advisory Committee for the US State Department. volume an indispensable resource. Impressively thorough, and panoramic 27 essays that fully demonstrate how scholars have in scope, it is a model of historiographical scholarship.” HOOVER HERBERT addressed and debated the political, economic, A COMPANION TO A COMPANION George H. Nash, author of The Life of Herbert Hoover, Volumes 1–3 diplomatic, cultural, ethnic, and social history of this period, and how historians have wrestled with EDITED BY KATHERINE A.S. SIBLEY the controversial figures and issues of this age. “A well-edited volume of lively and informative essays about three The text includes chapters on popular culture, oft-neglected Republican presidents. Highly recommended for technology, eugenics, nativism, and the biographical high-school and college libraries.” treatment of the presidents and first ladies of Lewis L. Gould, Professor Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin A COMPANION TO the era. WARREN G. HARDING, CALVIN COOLIDGE, AND HERBERT HOOVER 9 781444 350036 A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO HISTORY This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our current understanding of the past. Defined by theme, period and/or region, each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The aim of each contribution is to synthesize the current state of scholarship from a variety of historical perspectives and to provide a statement on where the field is heading. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO AMERICAN HISTORY A Companion to the American Revolution A Companion to African-American History Edited by Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole Edited by Alton Hornsby, Jr A Companion to 19th-Century America A Companion to American Immigration Edited by William L. Barney Edited by Reed Ueda A Companion to the American South A Companion to American Cultural History Edited by John B. Boles Edited by Karen Halttunen A Companion to American Indian History A Companion to California History Edited by Philip J. 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Whitfield Edited by Aaron Sheehan-Dean A Companion to the American West A Companion to the Meuse-Argonne Campaign Edited by William Deverell Edited by Edward G. Lengel A Companion to the Civil War and Reconstruction A Companion to American Sport History Edited by Lacy K. Ford Edited by Steven A. Riess A Companion to American Technology Edited by Carroll Pursell WILEY BLACKWELL PRESIDENTIAL COMPANIONS A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe Edited by William Pederson Edited by Stuart Leibiger A Companion to Richard M. Nixon A Companion to Harry S. Truman Edited by Melvin Small Edited by Daniel S. Margolies A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt A Companion to John Adams and John Quincy Adams Edited by Serge Ricard Edited by David Waldstreicher A Companion to Thomas Jefferson A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents, 1837–1861 Edited by Francis D. Cogliano Edited by Joel H. Silbey A Companion to Lyndon B. Johnson A Companion to the Reconstruction Presidents, 1865–1881 Edited by Mitchell Lerner Edited by Edward O. Frantz A Companion to George Washington A Companion to John F. Kennedy Edited by Edward G. Lengel Edited by Marc J. Selverstone A Companion to Andrew Jackson A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Edited by Sean Patrick Adams and Herbert Hoover A Companion to Woodrow Wilson Edited by Katherine A.S. Sibley Edited by Ross A. Kennedy A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover Edited by Katherine A.S. Sibley This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Katherine A.S. Sibley to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and editor have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover / edited by Katherine A.S. Sibley. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-5003-6 (cloth) 1. United States–History–1919–1933. 2. Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865–1923. 3. Coolidge, Calvin, 1872–1933. 4. Hoover, Herbert, 1874–1964. 5. United States–Politics and government–1921–1923. 6. United States–Politics and government–1923–1929. 7. United States–Politics and government–1929–1933. 8. United States–Social conditions–1918–1932. 9. Depressions–1929. I. Sibley, Katherine A.S. (Katherine Amelia Siobhan), 1961– editor. E784.C66 2014 973.91′4092–dc23 [B] 2014007071 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: left to right: Warren G. Harding by Edmund Hodgson Smart, 1922; Calvin Coolidge by Charles Sydney Hopkinson, 1932; Herbert Hoover by Elmer Wesley Greene, 1956. Wikimedia / Official White House Portraits (details) Set in 10/12pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 Contents List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors ix Acknowledgments xiv Introduction 1 Katherine A.S. Sibley Part I The Background of Progressivism 7 1 The Wilson Legacy, Domestic and International 9 Christopher McKnight Nichols 2 Progressivism in an Age of Normalcy: Women’s Rights, Civil Service, Veterans’ Benefits, and Child Welfare 34 John F. Fox, Jr. 3 US Foreign Relations under Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover: Power and Constraint 53 Alex Goodall Part II Warren G. Harding and the Early 1920s 77 4 Harding Biographies 79 Justin P. Coffey 5 The Front Porch Campaign and the Election of Harding 94 Richard G. Frederick 6 The Harding Presidency: Scandals, Legacy, and Memory 112 Phillip G. Payne 7 The Opposition: Labor, Liquor, and Democrats 132 Kristoffer Shields vi CONTENTS 8 No Immigrants or Radicals Need Apply: Varieties of Nativism in 1920s America 151 Alexander Pavuk 9 New Technologies, Communication, and Mass Consumption 170 Jason N.
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