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Idpfactsheet:Erbil Governorate Iraq IDP FACTSHEET: ERBIL GOVERNORATE Summary IRAQ While a majority of IDPs arriving in Erbil Governorate continue to originate from Mosul DATA COLLECTED: 20 – 24 JULY 2014 District, the proportion out of the total population has decreased, as a proportionally increasing number of IDPs have been reported to come from the districts of Tikrit (Salah Al Din Governorate) and Fallujah (Anbar Governorate) as the security situation continues to Since the beginning of June 2014, Erbil Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq deteriorate in these areas. (KRI) has experienced large influxes of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). These come primarily from the adjacent governorate of Ninewa, where much of the conflict has been Whereas the presence of immediate family members was already a common pull factor of concentrated, but also from Anbar, where fighting began earlier in the year, as well as many areas in Erbil Governorate, the perception of high security in Erbil Governorate Diyala and Salah Al Din where violence has been rife. Most IDP families continue to be compared to IDP areas of origin emerge as an increasingly important factor in July 2014 drawn to Erbil Governorate by the whereas the proportion reporting presence of extended family / tribal affiliations and presence of a family network, in opportunity for affordable housing as a key pull factor has decreased. It is likely that this is addition to the perception that it is a direct result of higher security risks outside of the KRI, combined with the financial and safer than their place of origin. psychological support offered by family networks. With a majority of IDPs reported no plans to return to their area of origin until the conflict The large number of IDPs entering has been permanently resolved, families are increasingly settling in rented accommodation Erbil Governorate and re-locating and reporting that they will stay in the KRI for at least the next 10 days. Among those who within or outside it poses a great have longer-term plans, they intend to stay at least one month, with fewer unsure for how challenge for the humanitarian long they intend to stay. response. It also places significant pressure on the services and A growing proportion of IDP families are uncertain as to how long their economic resources resources available in the local will last (64%, compared to 24% who reported this last month) which suggests savings are communities where IDPs are being exhausted and that IDPs are unsure of the sustainability of other economic resources settling. such as borrowing from friends and family or relying on charitable donations, both of which were considerably more likely to be reported in July 2014. Since the start of the conflict REACH Initiative teams have been deployed to areas reporting to host large numbers of IDPs to gain an understanding of trends related to Whereas no IDP families assessed in June 2014 reported having received assistance, this displacement, intentions, needs and vulnerabilities. This report highlights key findings increased to 17% though significant variations were noted between locations. from assessments conducted in Erbil City, Gwer, Kalak, Shaqlawa, Soran and Qushtapa in Erbil Governorate between 20 and 24 July 2014, and draws out key comparisons with It should be noted that different IDPs in different locations were assessed in June and July. Therefore, findings from similar assessments conducted the previous month. In total, 705 families the comparison is useful to understand how IDP situations, needs and intentions have changed over (3,774 individuals) were assessed. time spent displaced, and not time spent in the area of origin before being displaced. 1 DISPLACEMENT The close proximity of Khazir, the principal entry point from Ninewa into Erbil Governorate, to the district of Mosul means it is the nearest point of refuge for many of those fleeing the ongoing violence. Most families, including those coming from further afield such as Anbar, seek to rejoin immediate relatives once they cross the border. CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 99% LEFT THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BECAUSE OF CONFLICT OCCURRING IN THEIR VILLAGE/NEIGHBOURHOOD OR DISTRICT Almost all IDP families assessed were driven out of their homes by the conflict; with 74% having experienced violence directly in their village or neighbourhood of origin. Consequently, they had little time to prepare financial resources and belongings before leaving. IDP AREA OF ORIGIN 22% OF IDP FAMILIES ORIGINATE FROM THE DISTRICT OF MOSUL, NINEWA GOVERNORATE, AND 24% FROM THE DISTRICT OF FALLUJA, ANBAR GOVERNORATE A greater diversity in the districts of origin was noted which reflects the deteriorating situation in many parts of northern and central Iraq. IDP families continue to originate primarily from Ninewa Governorate (36%) though a smaller proportion were noted to be from the district of Mosul in particular. A significant proportion of IDP families came from the governorates of Salah Al Din (28%) – Tikrit (13%), Baiji (9%), Al Shiraq (3%) and Samarra (3%); and Anbar (27%) – 24% from Falluja District and the remaining 3% from Ramadi District. Some also came from Diyala Governorate (4%) – particularly from Al Muqdadiya (3%) and Baquba (1%) districts; and Baghdad Governorate (5%) – from the distircts of Tamria (2%), Mahmoudiya (1%), Al Resafa (1%) and Karkh (1%). 2 ENTRY POINTS USED A majority of IDP families are in regular contact with people in their area of origin (85% last month and 76% this month). This means that they are informed about the location of displaced family or friends which can give them an indicator of where to go when they 56% OF IDP FAMILIES ENTERED ERBIL GOVERNORATE THROUGH KHAZIR themselves are displaced. ENTRY POINT DATE OF ARRIVAL INTO CURRENT LOCATION This is a significantly smaller proportion than that reported in June (82%). On the other hand, a greater proportion of IDPs crossed the Tasluja entry point (Sulaymaniyah Similar to those assessed in June 2014, the peak date of arrival for IDP families to their Governorate) in July than in June, from 16% to 29%. With heightened security throughout location at the time of the assessment was 11 June 2014, following the takeover of Mosul the month of July reported at Khazir entry point, thereby leading to restricted mobility, it City from armed opposition groups (AOGs) on 10 June. Regular influxes continued could be that some IDP families are either staying in Ninewa Governorate, entering throughout the month of June as the conflict spread across Ninewa Governorate and Duhok Governorate, or crossing through Kirkuk Governorate to enter Erbil via the Tasluja south to Salah Al Din. entry point. Peak date of arrival into current location in Erbil Governorate - June and July 2014 OCCURRENCES AND LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT 15% The close proximity of Khazir entry point to the district of Mosul makes Erbil Governorate 10% a relatively accessible destination for IDPs originating from this district. 5% OF IDP FAMILIES ARRIVED DIRECTLY FROM THE BORDER TO 86% 0% THEIR LOCATION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE 01-Jun 08-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 06-Jul 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul Among those who had stopped for more than one night (14%), 59% had stayed elsewhere in Erbil District and 35% in Shaqlawa District. This is a significant change from REASONS FOR CHOOSING CURRENT LOCATION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE those assessed the previous month when 86% had stopped elsewhere in Erbil District and only 6% in Shaqlawa. This signifies a greater secondary displacement among the Most commonly IDPs are choosing their location based on the presence of an immediate IDPs assessed in July 2014 towards areas outside Erbil City where the cost of living is family network, which can offer both an accommodation opportunity and financial likely to be lower. assistance, but also psychological support and a sense of familiarity in a time of great distress. As was noted among IDPs assessed in June 2014, the total length of displacement was greatest among families coming from Anbar Governorate (on average 10 days), many of More IDP families in July 2014 compared to June cited reuniting with immediate family whom were displaced following clashes in this area between January and April 2014. as the primary pull factor for choosing their location at the time of the assessment (68% The average number of days displaced was also higher among those coming from Salah compared to 53%), while the presence of extended family or tribal affiliations was Al Din and Baghdad (both three days) compared to those from Diyala and Ninewa reported less (from 26% in June to 11% in July). governorates (both 1 day). 3 The presence of extended family or tribal relations was highest in Qushtapa (22%), whereas in June 2014 this was a significant pull factor among families in Erbil City (38%, INTENTIONS compared to 8% reporting this in the current assessment). PRIMARY REQUIREMENTS FOR RETURN TO PLACE OF ORIGIN 68% CAME TO ERBIL GOVERNORATE TO JOIN IMMEDIATE FAMILY Conflict-afflicted violence is both a direct cause of displacement and primary factor MEMBERS influencing return to IDPs’ area of origin. Therefore, it can be expected that IDPs will not return to their place of origin until the conflict has been completely dissolved. A greater proportion of IDP families compared to the previous month reported coming to Erbil Governorate because it is perceived to be safer (from 4% in June 2014 to 14% in July 2014). One-fourth of IDP families (25%) in Kalak reported safety in these areas as 77% SAID THEY WOULD WAIT UNTIL THERE IS AN END TO CONFLICT IN they reason why they came. THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BEFORE RETURNING The draw of available and affordable housing has significantly decreased, from 14% in A smaller proportion than last month reported waiting on the restoration of pre-crisis June 2014 to 3% in July 2014, particularly in Shaqlawa where the proportion reporting security levels (from 12% in June 2014 to 6% in July 2014) which suggests that there is this reduced from 44% to 1%.
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