IDP FACTSHEET: GOVERNORATE Summary

IRAQ While a majority of IDPs arriving in continue to originate from DATA COLLECTED: 20 – 24 JULY 2014 District, the proportion out of the total population has decreased, as a proportionally increasing number of IDPs have been reported to come from the districts of (Salah Al

Din Governorate) and (Anbar Governorate) as the security situation continues to Since the beginning of June 2014, Erbil Governorate in the Region of deteriorate in these areas. (KRI) has experienced large influxes of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). These come primarily from the adjacent governorate of Ninewa, where much of the conflict has been Whereas the presence of immediate family members was already a common pull factor of concentrated, but also from Anbar, where fighting began earlier in the year, as well as many areas in Erbil Governorate, the perception of high security in Erbil Governorate Diyala and Salah Al Din where violence has been rife. Most IDP families continue to be compared to IDP areas of origin emerge as an increasingly important factor in July 2014 drawn to Erbil Governorate by the whereas the proportion reporting presence of extended family / tribal affiliations and presence of a family network, in opportunity for affordable housing as a key pull factor has decreased. It is likely that this is addition to the perception that it is a direct result of higher security risks outside of the KRI, combined with the financial and safer than their place of origin. psychological support offered by family networks.

With a majority of IDPs reported no plans to return to their area of origin until the conflict The large number of IDPs entering has been permanently resolved, families are increasingly settling in rented accommodation Erbil Governorate and re-locating and reporting that they will stay in the KRI for at least the next 10 days. Among those who within or outside it poses a great have longer-term plans, they intend to stay at least one month, with fewer unsure for how challenge for the humanitarian long they intend to stay. response. It also places significant pressure on the services and A growing proportion of IDP families are uncertain as to how long their economic resources resources available in the local will last (64%, compared to 24% who reported this last month) which suggests savings are communities where IDPs are being exhausted and that IDPs are unsure of the sustainability of other economic resources settling. such as borrowing from friends and family or relying on charitable donations, both of which were considerably more likely to be reported in July 2014. Since the start of the conflict REACH Initiative teams have been deployed to areas reporting to host large numbers of IDPs to gain an understanding of trends related to Whereas no IDP families assessed in June 2014 reported having received assistance, this displacement, intentions, needs and vulnerabilities. This report highlights key findings increased to 17% though significant variations were noted between locations. from assessments conducted in Erbil City, Gwer, Kalak, , Soran and Qushtapa in Erbil Governorate between 20 and 24 July 2014, and draws out key comparisons with It should be noted that different IDPs in different locations were assessed in June and July. Therefore, findings from similar assessments conducted the previous month. In total, 705 families the comparison is useful to understand how IDP situations, needs and intentions have changed over (3,774 individuals) were assessed. time spent displaced, and not time spent in the area of origin before being displaced.

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DISPLACEMENT

The close proximity of Khazir, the principal entry point from Ninewa into Erbil Governorate, to the district of Mosul means it is the nearest point of refuge for many of those fleeing the ongoing violence. Most families, including those coming from further afield such as Anbar, seek to rejoin immediate relatives once they cross the border.

CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT

99% LEFT THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BECAUSE OF CONFLICT OCCURRING IN THEIR VILLAGE/NEIGHBOURHOOD OR DISTRICT Almost all IDP families assessed were driven out of their homes by the conflict; with 74% having experienced violence directly in their village or neighbourhood of origin. Consequently, they had little time to prepare financial resources and belongings before leaving.

IDP AREA OF ORIGIN

22% OF IDP FAMILIES ORIGINATE FROM THE DISTRICT OF MOSUL, NINEWA

GOVERNORATE, AND 24% FROM THE DISTRICT OF FALLUJA, ANBAR GOVERNORATE

A greater diversity in the districts of origin was noted which reflects the deteriorating situation in many parts of northern and central Iraq. IDP families continue to originate primarily from Ninewa Governorate (36%) though a smaller proportion were noted to be from the district of Mosul in particular.

A significant proportion of IDP families came from the governorates of Salah Al Din (28%) – Tikrit (13%), (9%), Al Shiraq (3%) and (3%); and Anbar (27%) – 24% from Falluja District and the remaining 3% from District. Some also came from (4%) – particularly from Al Muqdadiya (3%) and Baquba (1%) districts; and Governorate (5%) – from the distircts of Tamria (2%), Mahmoudiya (1%), Al Resafa (1%) and (1%).

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ENTRY POINTS USED A majority of IDP families are in regular contact with people in their area of origin (85% last month and 76% this month). This means that they are informed about the location of displaced family or friends which can give them an indicator of where to go when they 56% OF IDP FAMILIES ENTERED ERBIL GOVERNORATE THROUGH KHAZIR themselves are displaced. ENTRY POINT DATE OF ARRIVAL INTO CURRENT LOCATION This is a significantly smaller proportion than that reported in June (82%). On the other hand, a greater proportion of IDPs crossed the Tasluja entry point ( Similar to those assessed in June 2014, the peak date of arrival for IDP families to their Governorate) in July than in June, from 16% to 29%. With heightened security throughout location at the time of the assessment was 11 June 2014, following the takeover of Mosul the month of July reported at Khazir entry point, thereby leading to restricted mobility, it City from armed opposition groups (AOGs) on 10 June. Regular influxes continued could be that some IDP families are either staying in Ninewa Governorate, entering throughout the month of June as the conflict spread across Ninewa Governorate and Governorate, or crossing through Governorate to enter Erbil via the Tasluja south to Salah Al Din. entry point. Peak date of arrival into current location in Erbil Governorate - June and July 2014 OCCURRENCES AND LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT 15%

The close proximity of Khazir entry point to the district of Mosul makes Erbil Governorate 10% a relatively accessible destination for IDPs originating from this district. 5% OF IDP FAMILIES ARRIVED DIRECTLY FROM THE BORDER TO 86% 0% THEIR LOCATION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE 01-Jun 08-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 06-Jul 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul

Among those who had stopped for more than one night (14%), 59% had stayed elsewhere in and 35% in . This is a significant change from REASONS FOR CHOOSING CURRENT LOCATION IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE those assessed the previous month when 86% had stopped elsewhere in Erbil District and only 6% in Shaqlawa. This signifies a greater secondary displacement among the Most commonly IDPs are choosing their location based on the presence of an immediate IDPs assessed in July 2014 towards areas outside Erbil City where the cost of living is family network, which can offer both an accommodation opportunity and financial likely to be lower. assistance, but also psychological support and a sense of familiarity in a time of great distress. As was noted among IDPs assessed in June 2014, the total length of displacement was greatest among families coming from Anbar Governorate (on average 10 days), many of More IDP families in July 2014 compared to June cited reuniting with immediate family whom were displaced following clashes in this area between January and April 2014. as the primary pull factor for choosing their location at the time of the assessment (68% The average number of days displaced was also higher among those coming from Salah compared to 53%), while the presence of extended family or tribal affiliations was Al Din and Baghdad (both three days) compared to those from Diyala and Ninewa reported less (from 26% in June to 11% in July). governorates (both 1 day).

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The presence of extended family or tribal relations was highest in Qushtapa (22%), whereas in June 2014 this was a significant pull factor among families in Erbil City (38%, INTENTIONS compared to 8% reporting this in the current assessment). PRIMARY REQUIREMENTS FOR RETURN TO PLACE OF ORIGIN 68% CAME TO ERBIL GOVERNORATE TO JOIN IMMEDIATE FAMILY Conflict-afflicted violence is both a direct cause of displacement and primary factor MEMBERS influencing return to IDPs’ area of origin. Therefore, it can be expected that IDPs will not return to their place of origin until the conflict has been completely dissolved. A greater proportion of IDP families compared to the previous month reported coming to Erbil Governorate because it is perceived to be safer (from 4% in June 2014 to 14% in July 2014). One-fourth of IDP families (25%) in Kalak reported safety in these areas as 77% SAID THEY WOULD WAIT UNTIL THERE IS AN END TO CONFLICT IN they reason why they came. THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN BEFORE RETURNING

The draw of available and affordable housing has significantly decreased, from 14% in A smaller proportion than last month reported waiting on the restoration of pre-crisis June 2014 to 3% in July 2014, particularly in Shaqlawa where the proportion reporting security levels (from 12% in June 2014 to 6% in July 2014) which suggests that there is this reduced from 44% to 1%. increasing fear and hesitation to return until a permanent solution has been found.

AMILY PLANNED STAY OR MOVEMENT F

On average, roughly half of IDP families intended to stay in their location for at least the 86% OF IDPS CAME AS WHOLE FAMILY next 10 days (55%, compared to 38% in June), this was much higher in Qushtapa (84%), and only 8% of IDP families assessed said they did not know where they would be in the IDPs continue to move primarily as a whole family unit and a decrease in the proportion next 10 days, compared to 50% of those assessed in June 2014. of families with immediate relatives still in their area of origin was noted between the two assessments (21% in June 2014 to 4% in July 2014). This could be explained by the fact that many IDP families assessed in July 2014 had already been joined by those that 55% SAID THEY PLANNED TO STAY IN THEIR CURRENT initially stayed behind. LOCATION FOR THE NEXT 10 DAYS

As was reported last month, a majority of IDP families with relatives still in their place of Fewer IDP families assessed in July 2014 reported planning to move elsewhere in the origin expected these to join them in their current location at the time of the assessment KRI in the 10-day period following the day of the assessment compared to the previous (85%, and 80% of IDP families assessed last month). It has been reported that month (from 23% to 6%). However, 22% of IDPs in Kalak reported planning to move individuals are staying behind primarily to maintain income-generating activities and elsewhere in the KRI in the 10-day period following the day of the assessment, which protect assets. could be explained by its close proximity to Khazir entry point which makes it a popular

immediate, short-term stopping point for IDPs that have travelled a long distance. Of the 2% who said they would return home in the next 10 days, the majority were IDPs from Baiji and Tikrit (both Salah Al Din Governorate) and Falluja (Anbar Governorate).

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One-fourth of IDP families were relying on support from family or friends (25%), which is 64% WERE NOT SURE HOW LONG THEY WOULD STAY a significant difference from the 1% who reported this last month. This could reflect the IN THE KRI BEYOND THE 10-DAY PERIOD depletion of savings over time, particularly among IDPs that are staying in rented

Regarding longer term plans IDP, families were still uncertain. Those who did know most apartment or hotel. Furthermore, 15% relied on employment (compared to 4% the commonly reported that they would stay in the KRI for at least one month which reflects previous month) and 11% from charitable donations, which no IDPs families reported as the aversion of returning to their place of origin until the end of the conflict, as well as the their primary source of economic resource the previous month. reluctance to be displaced multiple times.

75% RELY ON SAVINGS AS THEIR ONLY MEANS OF SUPPORT

CURRENT SITUATION More than one-sixth of IDPs families reported having no economic support to meet their basic needs. This was particularly high among IDP families in Kalak (27%), which could explain why many are living in collective shelters here.. A further 18% reported this in PRIMARY TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION Erbil City and 10% in Gwer. Many IDP families are living in rented accommodation which suggests that they plan to settle in that location for at least the medium-term. This was also the most common type SUSTAINABILITY OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES of accommodation arrangement reported in June 2014 (50%). Staying in a hotel remains a common secondary accommodation type (25% this month and 39% in June 2014), as More than half of the IDP families assessed in July 2014 were not certain how long their well as staying with a host family (14% this month and 11% in June 2014). The price of economic resources would last, compared to last month where proportions were more rent however can pose a great challenge to meeting other basic needs as IDPs struggle evenly distributed across the different thresholds. This suggests that as time passes with limited and fast-depleting economic resources. there is increasing uncertainty as to how income will be generated and basic needs will be met.

44% OF IDP FAMILIES WERE LIVING IN RENTED ACCOMMODATION Length of time IDP families report economic resources will continue to cover basic needs

It is concerning to note that whereas collective shelters did not feature as a reported type More than 1 month of accommodation among IDPs last month, 16% of IDPs assessed this month were 2 - 4 weeks staying in this type of building though all of these were found in Kalak. 1 - 2 weeks

PRIMARY MEANS OF COVERING BASIC NEEDS Less than 1 week

Savings continues to be the most common primary economic resource, with a slight Did not know increase in the proportion that reported this in July 2014 than June 2014 (75% and 66%, 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% respectively). With limited or no access to income-generating activities, relying on finite savings leaves IDP families vulnerable to having no economic support in the future and having to adopt negative coping strategies.

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PRIORITY NEEDS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE A large discrepancy between the provision of food assistance was noted, with 44% and 19% in Kalak and Shaqlawa, respectively, and none in the other areas said they had There is a clear need for support regarding accommodation, with shelter improvement received this type of assistance. Furthermore, while 12% and 7% of IDP families in Kalak (40%) and rental support (24%) the most reported first priority needs. Food was the and Shaqlawa, respectively, had received household items, no other IDP families most commonly reported second and third priority. These are similar trends compared reported this. to last month however, whereas almost half of IDPs in June 2014 did not know what Priority needs vs. type of assistance received their third priority was (41%), over one-fifth in July 2014 reported food as their third 45% priority. 40% 35% Reported as 1st Priority 2nd Priority 3rd Priority 30% having Food 10% 34% 21% received 25% Fuel 0% 6% 6% 20% Health Assistance 14% 14% 16% 15% Household Items 1% 13% 12% Reported as 10% Rental Support 24% 28% 8% first priority 5% need Sanitation 4% 0% 4% 0% Shelter Improvement 40% 4% 13% Water 1% 0% 12% Do Not Know 0% 0% 8%

EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE The table below summarises the areas and number of IDP families assessed that are covered in this factsheet. In-depth information is available through area-specific Significant variations were noted regarding access to assistance in the different locations factsheets available on the Humanitarian Response Portal for the Iraq Crisis. assessed. Almost half of the IDPs in Kalak had received assistance (46%), most likely It should be noted that only a small sample size was collected in Soran due to increased due to its close proximity to Khazir IDP camp, and 19% in Shaqlawa, whereas this was security procedures for conducting assessments. For this reason, findings for Soran only reported by 2% in Erbil City, and none in Gwer and Qushtapa. specifically have not been referred to in this report and this location will be prioritised in future assessments. 17% OF IDP FAMILIES REPORTED RECEIVING SOME ASSISTANCE Location in Erbil Governorate Number of IDP families assessed

SINCE ARRIVING IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE Erbil City 196

Gwer 48

Of the total IDP population assessed, 4% said they had received water, 1% sanitation, Kalak 170

1% shelter improvement, 16% food, 5% household items. No IDPs reported having Qushtapa 64 received health assistance, rental support or fuel. Shaqlawa 215 Soran 12 TOTAL 705 6

ASE TUDY HAQLAWA ITY About REACH Initiative C S : S C REACH was created in 2010 to facilitate the development of information tools and products that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidence-based decisions in IDPs are continuing to choose Shaqlawa as a secondary destination within Erbil emergency, recovery and development contexts. All REACH activities are conducted in Governorate. Roughly one-third of IDP families assessed in July 2014 had stopped support to and within the framework of inter-agency aid coordination mechanisms. elsewhere for more than one night before arriving in Shaqlawa (34%), and 27% the For more information, you can write to our in-country office: [email protected] or month before. This is also a considerably higher proportion reporting that they have to our global office in Geneva [email protected]. You can also visit our stopped prior to arriving in their current location than in other areas within Erbil website www.reach-intiative.org or follow us @REACH_info. Governorate and the KRI in general.

While the propensity of IDPs to come to Shaqlawa for available housing has significantly decreased between June and July 2014, most likely due to the decline in in availability, the proportion reporting to have chosen this city to join immediate family members has increased (from 42% to 67%). This could highlight a trend across the KRI, whereby available housing is progressively becoming rarer and IDPs are either having to or preferring to choose a location where they can be reunited with family members.

With the average weekly cost of a hotel (313,400 IQD, c. 269 USD) and rented accommodation (241,163 IQD, 207 USD) still among the lowest of the areas assessed in Erbil Governorate, it is likely that Shaqlawa will continue to draw IDPs looking to live with other family members.

Findings from this assessment also suggest that IDPs are choosing accommodation based on the likelihood that they will stay in Shaqlawa at least for the medium term. This has already become apparent in the past two months, where 66% of IDPs were in rented accommodation in July 2014 compared to 49% the previous month, and the proportion staying in hotels had decreased from 38% to 28% in this same timeframe.

An increasing proportion of IDPs in the month of July 2014 were able to estimate how long their economic resources would last, with the most commonly timeframe being two to four weeks (29%), compared to only 4% the previous month. However, one- fourth said their economic resources would run out after one to two weeks (up from

6% the previous month). It is likely that these families will be displaced a third time in the search for a lower cost living arrangement.

7 IRAQ - of Iraq For Humanitarian Purposes Only Primary Displacements of IDPs to Erbil Governorate - 13 to 24 July 2014 Production date: 26 August 2014

District of origin of households Duhok hosted in Erbil Governorate Shikhan (% of total) 4.6 SYRIA

Households crossing 11.8 Shaqlawa to Erbil via Entry Point Khazir (% of total) 11. 22 4 Erbil Al-Hamdaniya Erbil 1.4 City 6.1 Kalak City of origin 9.2 20.1 13. Mosul Qushtapa 3 Gwer 12 Assessed location Gwer 2.7 2

Entry point Ninewa 1.3 Al-Ba'aj Country borders Tasluja Governorate borders Kirkuk 3.1 borders Al-Shirqat 1.

3 KRI governorates 6

NOTE: Only displacements more 2.1 than 1% of total have been represented on this map. Displacement from origin less 3.7 than 1%: 17% of total Baiji 1.8 1.1

1.6

Assessment - REACH Initiative Administrative boundaries: 4.3 Tikrit GADM/OCHA/HIC 2011 12.8 Projection: GCS WGS 1984 Salah Contact: [email protected] File: al-Din IRQ_MOV_ErbilGOVDisp_A4_25AUG2014 Note: Data, designations and boundaries contained on this map are not warranted to be error-free and do not imply Samarra acceptance by the REACH partners, Anbar Diyala associates or donors mentioned on this map.

TURKEY Al-Muqdadiya IRAN SYRIA Tarmia 9.1 IRAQ

Ramadi SAUDI Baghdad ARABIA Falluja Wassit For Humanitarian Purposes Only IRAQ Production date: 31 July 2014 Accommodation Arrangement in Assessed Locations - July 2014

TURKEY Gondik TURKEY Duhok SYRIA IRAN Amedi Domiz Village Mergasur IRAQ Duhok Semel Soran Zummar SAUDI Erbil ARABIA Al-Qosh Soran Al-Shikhan War Akre Telafar Kalakchi Choman City Tilkaif Tilkaif IRAN Bashiqa Shaqlawa Shaqlawa

Bartallah Kalak Rania Pshdar AccommodationNinewa Arrangement Erbil Al-Hamdaniya Mosul Erbil Gwer Qustapa Koisnjaq Hosted by Family/Friends Dokan Owned Apartment Rented apartment Dokan Collective Centre Makhmur Hotel Penjwin Open air Dabes Other Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Country borders Arbat GovernorateCountry borders borders Sayid Kirkuk Taslujah DistrictGovernorate borders borders Al-Shirqat Sadiq KRIDistrict governorates borders

Note small sample size n=7 for Soran, this finding New should therefore currently be considered with caution and will be verified in future rounds of data Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Chamchamal collection. Assessment - REACH Initiative Administrative boundaries: Sulaymaniyah GADM/OCHA/HIC 2011 Baiji Projection: GCS WGS 1984 Halabja Contact: [email protected] File: IRQ_KRI_Accomodation_A3_27AUG2014OCHA Note: Data, designations and boundaries contained on Kalar this map are not warranted to be error-free and do not Tooz Hadithaimply acceptance by the REACH partners, associates or Tikrit 0 10 20 40 60 donors mentioned on this map. Salah Kilometers Tikrit al-Din For Humanitarian Purposes Only IRAQ Production date: 31 July 2014 Priority Needs in Assessed Locations - July 2014

TURKEY

Gondik TURKEY Zakho SYRIA Duhok IRAN Amedi Duhok Mergasur IRAQ Domiz Village Semel Soran SAUDI Zummar ARABIA Al-Qosh Akre Erbil

Al-Shikhan Soran War Akre IRAN Telafar City Kalakchi Choman Tilkaif Tilkaif Bashiqa Shaqlawa Shaqlawa

Bartallah First Priority Needs Kalak Rania Pshdar Ninewa Erbil Al-Hamdaniya Erbil Mosul Gwer Qustapa Water Koisnjaq Sinjar Sanitation Dokan Food Health Assistance Dokan Household Items Makhmur Rental Support Sharbazher Penjwin Shelter Improvement Dabes FuelHatra Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Chamchamal Do not Know Country borders Kirkuk Arbat Country borders Governorate borders Al-Shirqat Taslujah Governorate borders District borders District borders KRI governorates New Halabja Note small sample size n=7 for Soran, this finding Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Chamchamal should therefore currently be considered with Daquq Sayid Assessmentcaution and -will REACH be verified Initiative in future rounds of data Administrative boundaries: Sadiq GADM/OCHA/HIC 2011 Halabja Projection: GCS WGS 1984 Sulaymaniyah Contact: [email protected] Baiji File: IRQ_KRI_Needs_A3_27AUG2014OCHA Note: Data, designations and boundaries contained on Kalar Darbandikhan this map are not warranted to be error-free and do not 0 10 20 40 60 Kilometers Tooz imply acceptance by the REACH partners, associates or Tikrit Khanaqin donors mentioned on this map. Salah al-Din