Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt Ebook Free Download

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt Ebook Free Download POCKET TIMELINE OF ANCIENT EGYPT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Helen Strudwick | 32 pages | 01 Mar 2014 | Interlink Books | 9781566568951 | English | Northampton, United States Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt PDF Book Egypt was ruled by the Romans. Banned worship of old gods. King Darius completes the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. The last pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty, Horemheb managed to reestablish the internal quarrels generated by the Akhenaten experiment. The political structure of the Old Kingdom collapsed. Menes joined Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom with the capitol at Memphis. A lavish celebration of the lives of a wonderful people. Left: accession dates — first regnal year — obtained by the team for the first eight rulers of Egypt. No ratings or reviews yet No ratings or reviews yet. This civil disorder lasts for years. Amenhotep II began an artistic revolution. Amratian Society of Upper Egypt - first signs of hierarchical civilization. I Agree This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and if not signed in for advertising. Who is Hathor? Ancient Egypt It was divided into two areas, the so-called two lands or tow Kingdoms. The modeled timeline reveals lengths of reign that are approximately what you would expect in terms of lifespan, say the study authors. Helen Strudwick is currently considered a "single author. They showed record keeping of goods. Psamtek I drives off Assyrian invaders and defeats Kushite kings. What is the Rosetta Stone meaning and why is it important? Disorder erupted during the end of this dynasty. Archaic Period Early Dynastic Period. Even today, the place where Lower Egypt was once located still prospers in trade and commerce. Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt Writer Members: None. The pharaoh is surrounded by a series of characters that help him to rule. It is dedicated to agriculture and trade and its distinctive feature is a truncated red crown that is adorned with the cobra or aureus. Its distinctive feature is a tall white crown crowned by a vulture. The success over the Hyksos inaugurated the 18th Dynasty and the period of Egyptian history known as the New kingdom. During this stage a series of local rulers take control of the delta 14th Dynasty. This region now becomes of great importance to Egypt's trade in luxuries. Visit resource: General guide to the Egyptian galleries. Also fundamental to the knowledge of Egyptian culture was the appearance of the Rosetta stone , a city near the mouth of the Nile , and is a basalt stone that has a trilingual inscription, in Egyptian hieroglyphics, Greek and Egyptian demotic, which reproduces a decree of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and was interpreted by Champollion in Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! The cult of god Ra gained importance during the 5th dynasty. University of Liverpool. It is possible that the real historical figure is a ruler by the name of Narmer, who features in warlike mood in superb low-relief carving on a plaque of green siltstone now in the Egyptian museum in Cairo. A social scale below these nobles would be the people, formed by farmers, merchants, and craftsmen, among which there are different categories and different economic levels. Is this you? But that is merely a word meaning 'founder'. A stunning series of photographs more powerful than words. Writing has been a fundamental instrument for the knowledge of Egypt. During the 4th dynasty, which was founded by Snefru the great pyramids were built in Gaza. Read more about our cookie policy Accept and close the cookie policy. Upper Egypt is the long main channel of the river itself, possibly as far upstream as boats can reach - to the first waterfall or cataract, at Aswan. Presently, Islam is the state religion of Egypt, a country that housed two other important religions; Judaism and Christianity. Ahsoka by E. The Hyksos are in Egypt for almost a century c. During the summer of , armed with a camera and a map, award-winning Canadian filmmaker and photographer Afzal Huda set out to chronicle the Separation Wall in Palestine. Ancient Egypt First Dynasty Pharaoh. Here the Nubians exchange their commodities - and their slaves, always an important element in the trade of this region - for the manufactured goods and the weapons of the more developed economy. Brand new: Lowest price The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. But the drying of the Sahara increasingly confines them to the river area. The writing appears around the year and the Egyptians attributed their creation to the god of wisdom, Thot. The kingdom existed till BC. The Middle Kingdom lasts for four centuries before giving way to another era defined only as falling between kingdoms - the Second Intermediate Period. Egyptian tradition credits the uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt to a king called Menes. We use cookies to make our website work more efficiently, to provide you with more personalised services or advertising to you, and to analyse traffic on our website. Visit resource: Symbols of the pharaoh. This period witnessed the use of hieroglyphics. It is the one that appears later and is used in Egypt until the Roman invasion. Demotic writing, which is faster and more popular. A lavish celebration of the lives of a wonderful people. Ancient Hardcover Books in Ancient Greek. A fun book for parents and children to enjoy and treasure. Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt Reviews The Nile River flowed from mountains to the south, down to the delta in the north. The Late period was from to BC and the 26th to 31st dynasties ruled over this time. The eastern Delta region broke away during this time. It was designed by architect Imhotep. Combine with… No authors suggested. This period witnessed the breakdown of central government. King Khufu's Great Pyramid of Giza was built. The kings weakened, and Egypt was no longer a world power. Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! These two animals are sacred and protective of the Egyptians. The change to more solid evidence comes in the time of Zoser, the greatest pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty the Old Kingdom is sometimes taken as beginning with his reign, before the 4th dynasty. Prev Next. Be the first to write a review About this product. Travel Ancient Hardcover Books. The head of the kingdom was glorified with the White Crown. We use cookies to make our website work more efficiently, to provide you with more personalised services or advertising to you, and to analyse traffic on our website. After his death in B. This was the time of the construction of the great pyramids as well as the appearance of the first complete hieroglyphic texts. Is this you? Helen Strudwick is composed of 2 names. It is going to have a very difficult interpretation sometimes it is read from left to right and other times in the opposite way, etc. His base is Thebes, which now begins its central role in the story of ancient Egypt - though relatively little survives of Mentuhotep's own monuments in the region. Prehistoric Egypt The Predynastic Period in Ancient Egypt Archaeological evidence indicates that the Kemetic ancient Egyptian civilization began around the 6th millennium BC, during the Neolithic period the stone age , when the first settlers of the Fayum A and Merimde cultures, all based on agriculture, settled. Lower Egypt is roughly the broad delta of the river, where it separates into many branches before flowing into the Mediterranean. Visit resource: Symbols of the pharaoh. Many battles and treaties were written between Egypt and Asiatic powers. No ratings or reviews yet No ratings or reviews yet. Egypt was undergoing the process of political unification. Classroom resource: Egypt: the development of mummification. List of Largest Cities in Egypt. Main page Picture gallery 1 Rating statistics If you like However, this model suggests it was probably closer to — BC, and the Neolithic period that preceded it lasted longer and finished later. Whaddon, Buckinghamshire, England, UK. Hieroglyphic writing, which is the best known. Fitzwilliam Museum. Ramesses II One of the most famous and recognizable pharaohs perhaps second only to Tutankhamun , Ramesses It had been widely assumed that the Predynastic period started around BC. Kids' Club Eligible. It is the one that appears later and is used in Egypt until the Roman invasion. First evidence of people settling along the Nile Delta. The new kingdom was characterized by the rule of 18th to 20th dynasties. Visit resource: Life in ancient Egypt. Few monuments from this period survived. Civil war and foreign invaders tore Egypt apart. Egypt was powerful until Cleopatra died. From this city began the great contributions of Galen, Archimedes, and Heron in the field of science. C when the culture of the country of the Nile flourished again with the territorial expansion, the influence achieved by the pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty in a large part of the Near East and the inauguration of great architectural projects. Pocket Timeline of Ancient Egypt Read Online For ten years, photographer Deborah Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms. King Menes is considered to be the founder of the first Dynasty. It includes extension photographs, good maps, and a timeline that seeks to align the pharaohs with Bible events. Though it's hardly perilous , the trek provides King Scorpion was believed to have ruled Upper Egypt and lived just before or during the rule of Narmer at Thinis. Dates for accession years of the First Dynasty and cultural transition dates for the Naqada and Badarian periods.
Recommended publications
  • A Sketch of the Geography and History of Egypt
    A SKETCH OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF EGYPT EGYPT, situated in the northeastern corner of Africa, is a small country, if compared with the huge continent of which it forms a part; its size about equals that of the state of Maryland. And yet it has produced one of the greatest civilizations of the world. Egypt is the land on both sides of the lower part of the river Nile, from the town of Assuan (Syene) at the First Cataract (i.e. rapids) down to the Mediterranean Sea. Nature herself has divided the country into two different parts: the narrow stretches of fertile land adjoining the river from Assuan down to the region of modern Cairo--which we call "Upper Egypt" or the "Sa'id"- and the broad triangle, formed in the course of millennia from the silt deposited by the river where it flows into the Mediterranean. This we call "Lower Egypt" or the "Delta." In the course of history, a number of towns and cities have sprung up along the Upper Nile and its branches in the Delta. The two most impor- tant cities in antiquity were Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south. The site of Memphis, not far south of modern Cairo, is largely covered by palm groves today. At Thebes the remains of the temples of Amon, named after the neighboring villages of Karnak and Luxor, are still imposing witnesses of bygone greatness and splendor. The only other sites I shall mention are those from which specimens in our collection have come.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarapis, Isis, and the Ptolemies in Private Dedications the Hyper-Style and the Double Dedications
    Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 28 | 2015 Varia Sarapis, Isis, and the Ptolemies in Private Dedications The Hyper-style and the Double Dedications Eleni Fassa Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2333 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.2333 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 October 2015 Number of pages: 133-153 ISBN: 978-2-87562-055-2 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Eleni Fassa, « Sarapis, Isis, and the Ptolemies in Private Dedications », Kernos [Online], 28 | 2015, Online since 01 October 2017, connection on 21 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ kernos/2333 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.2333 This text was automatically generated on 21 December 2020. Kernos Sarapis, Isis, and the Ptolemies in Private Dedications 1 Sarapis, Isis, and the Ptolemies in Private Dedications The Hyper-style and the Double Dedications Eleni Fassa An extended version of this paper forms part of my PhD dissertation, cited here as FASSA (2011). My warmest thanks to Sophia Aneziri for her always insightful comments. This paper has benefited much from the constructive criticism of the anonymous referees of Kernos. 1 In Ptolemaic Egypt, two types of private dedications evolved, relating rulers, subjects and gods, most frequently, Sarapis and Isis.1 They were formed in two ways: the offering was made either to Sarapis and Isis (dative) for the Ptolemaic kings (ὑπέρ +genitive) — hereafter, these will be called the hyper-formula dedications2 — or to Sarapis, Isis (dative) and the Ptolemaic kings (dative), the so-called ‘double dedications’.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleopatra II and III: the Queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII As Guarantors of Kingship and Rivals for Power
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Andrea Jördens, Joachim Friedrich Quack (Hg.), Ägypten zwischen innerem Zwist und äußerem Druck. Die Zeit Ptolemaios’ VI. bis VIII. Internationales Symposion Heidelberg 16.-19.9.2007 (Philippika 45), Wiesbaden 2011, S. 58–76 Cleopatra II and III: The queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII as guarantors of kingship and rivals for power Martina Minas-Nerpel Introduction The second half of the Ptolemaic period was marked by power struggles not only among the male rulers of the dynasty, but also among its female members. Starting with Arsinoe II, the Ptolemaic queens had always been powerful and strong-willed and had been a decisive factor in domestic policy. From the death of Ptolemy V Epiphanes onwards, the queens controlled the political developments in Egypt to a still greater extent. Cleopatra II and especially Cleopatra III became all-dominant, in politics and in the ruler-cult, and they were often depicted in Egyptian temple- reliefs—more often than any of her dynastic predecessors and successors. Mother and/or daughter reigned with Ptolemy VI Philometor to Ptolemy X Alexander I, from 175 to 101 BC, that is, for a quarter of the entire Ptolemaic period. Egyptian queenship was complementary to kingship, both in dynastic and Ptolemaic Egypt: No queen could exist without a king, but at the same time the queen was a necessary component of kingship. According to Lana Troy, the pattern of Egyptian queenship “reflects the interaction of male and female as dualistic elements of the creative dynamics ”.1 The king and the queen functioned as the basic duality through which regeneration of the creative power of the kingship was accomplished.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharaoh Khufu: the Pyramid Builder Narmer (C
    Narmer: The First King Pharaoh Khufu: the Pyramid Builder Narmer (c. 3150BCE) is the legendary first king of Egypt who is thought to have united Upper and Lower Egypt through conquest and founded both the The Pharaoh Khufu ruled from about 2551 to 2528 B.C., during the First Dynasty and the great city of Memphis. In the early days of Egyptology, Old Kingdom period. Today he is best known as the builder of a Narmer was accepted as the first historical king based upon the written famous pyramid. records. As time went by, however, and archaeological excavations failed to turn up any evidence of such a king, scholars began to question whether he Not that much is known about what Khufu was like. Some stories had actually existed or was, perhaps, a figure drawn from the blended describe him as a cruel, harsh ruler. Others say he was powerful but memory of the reigns of other kings. kind. Prior to Narmer, there was conflict between the city states of Upper and We do know that Khufu helped establish the pharaoh as a central Lower Egypt resulting in chaos. Legend says there came the great king who authority. For example, he kept strict control over Egypt’s food brought order and prosperity. It was understood that chaos could come again, supply. This involved overseeing the harvest and storing extra grain. however, and so the king needed to be vigilant and a mighty warrior who He controlled a large network of government officials who carried out could subdue the forces of chaos when the need arose.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ptolemies: an Unloved and Unknown Dynasty. Contributions to a Different Perspective and Approach
    THE PTOLEMIES: AN UNLOVED AND UNKNOWN DYNASTY. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE AND APPROACH JOSÉ DAS CANDEIAS SALES Universidade Aberta. Centro de História (University of Lisbon). Abstract: The fifteen Ptolemies that sat on the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (the date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII) are in most cases little known and, even in its most recognised bibliography, their work has been somewhat overlooked, unappreciated. Although boisterous and sometimes unloved, with the tumultuous and dissolute lives, their unbridled and unrepressed ambitions, the intrigues, the betrayals, the fratricides and the crimes that the members of this dynasty encouraged and practiced, the Ptolemies changed the Egyptian life in some aspects and were responsible for the last Pharaonic monuments which were left us, some of them still considered true masterpieces of Egyptian greatness. The Ptolemaic Period was indeed a paradoxical moment in the History of ancient Egypt, as it was with a genetically foreign dynasty (traditions, language, religion and culture) that the country, with its capital in Alexandria, met a considerable economic prosperity, a significant political and military power and an intense intellectual activity, and finally became part of the world and Mediterranean culture. The fifteen Ptolemies that succeeded to the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII), after Alexander’s death and the division of his empire, are, in most cases, very poorly understood by the public and even in the literature on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiochus IV Rome
    Chapter 22 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 11 & 12 Babylon Medo- 445BC 4 Persian Kings Persia Alex the Great Greece N&S Kings Antiochus IV Rome Gap of Time Time of the Gentiles 1wk 3 ½ years Opposing king. Greek Empire Chapter 8 Alexander The Great King of the South King of the North 1. Ptolemy I Soter 1. Seleucus I Nicator 2. Antiochus I Soter 2. Ptolemy II Philadelphus 3. Antiochus II Theos 3. Ptolemy III Euergetes 4. Seleucus II Callinicus 5. Seleucus III Ceraunus 4. Ptolemy IV Philopator 6. Antiochus III Great 5. Ptolemy V Epiphanes 7. Seleucus IV Philopator 6. Ptolemy VI Philometor 8. Antiochus IV Epiphanes Daniel 9:27 The 70th Week 1 Week = 7 years 3 ½ years 3 ½ years Apostasy Make a covenant Stop to Temple sacrifice with the many Stop to grain offering Abomination of Desolation Crush the elect (Jews) Jacob’s Distress Jacob’s Trouble Tribulation Daniel 11:35 Some of those who have insight will fall, in order to refine, purge and make them pure until the end time; because it is still to come at the appointed time 1 John 3:2-3 2 Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that when He appears, we will be like Him, because we will see Him just as He is. 3 And everyone who has his hope fixed on Him purifies himself, just as He is pure. Zechariah 13:7-9 8 “It will come about in all the land,” Declares the LORD, “That two parts in it will be cut off and perish; But the third will be left in it.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970
    A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY of the POWERS of MESOPOTAMIA (Using Dates Based Primarily on John Bright’S a History of Israel, P
    A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE POWERS OF MESOPOTAMIA (using dates based primarily on John Bright’s A History of Israel, p. 462ff.) I. Assyrian Empire (Gen.10:11) A. Religion and culture were greatly influenced by the Sumerian/Babylonian Empire. B. Tentative list of rulers and approximate dates: 1. 1354-1318 - Asshur-Uballit I: (a) conquered the Hittite city of Carchemish (b) began to remove Hittite influence and allowed Assyria to develop 2. 1297-1266 - Adad-Nirari I (powerful king) 3. 1265-1235 - Shalmaneser I (powerful king) 4. 1234-1197 - Tukulti-Ninurta I - first conquest of Babylonian empire to the south 5. 1118-1078 - Tiglath-Pileser I - Assyria becomes a major power in Mesopotamia 6. 1012- 972 Ashur-Rabi II 7. 972- 967 - Ashur-Resh-Isui II 8. 966- 934 - Tiglath-Pileser II 9. 934- 912 - Ashur-Dan II 10. 912- 890 - Adad-Nirari II 11. 890- 884 - Tukulti-Ninurta II 12. 883- 859 - Asshur-Nasir-Apal II 13. 859- 824 - Shalmaneser III - Battle of Qarqar in 853 14. 824-811 - Shamashi-Adad V 15. 811-783 - Adad-Nirari III 16. 781-772 - Shalmaneser IV 17. 772-754 - Ashur-Dan III 18. 754-745 - Ashur-Nirari V 19. 745-727 - Tiglath-Pileser III: a. called by his Babylonian throne name, Pul, in II Kings 15:19 b. very powerful king c. started the policy of deporting conquered peoples d. In 735 B.C.. there was the formation of the “Syro-Ephramatic League” which was an attempt to unify all the available military resources of the transjordan nations from the head waters of the Euphrates to Egypt for the purpose of neutralizing the rising military power of Assyria.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSPECTIVES on PTOLEMAIC THEBES Oi.Uchicago.Edu Ii
    oi.uchicago.edu i PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES oi.uchicago.edu ii Pre-conference warm-up at Lucky Strike in Chicago. Standing, left to right: Joseph Manning, Ian Moyer, Carolin Arlt, Sabine Albersmeier, Janet Johnson, Richard Jasnow Kneeling: Peter Dorman, Betsy Bryan oi.uchicago.edu iii O CCASIONAL PROCEEdINgS Of THE THEBAN WORkSHOP PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES edited by Pete R F. DoRMAn and BetSy M. BRyAn Papers from the theban Workshop 2006 StuDIeS In AnCIent oRIentAL CIvILIzAtIon • nuMBeR 65 the oRIentAL InStItute oF the unIveRSIty oF ChICAgo ChICAgo • ILLInois oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2001012345 ISBN-10: 1-885923-85-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-885923-85-1 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2011. Printed in the United States of America. studIeS IN ANCIeNT orIeNTAL CIvILIzATIoN • NUmBer 65 The orIeNTAL INSTITUTe of The UNIverSITy of ChICAgo Chicago • Illinois Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas g. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments rebecca Cain, françois gaudard, foy Scalf, and Natalie Whiting assisted in the production of this volume. Cover and Title Page Illustration Part of a cosmogonical inscription of Ptolemy vIII euergetes II at Medinet habu (Mh.B 155). Photo by J. Brett McClain Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI z39.48-1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Foreigners in Egypt the Relief of Amenhotep II Shooting Arrows at a Copper Ingot and Related Scenes
    Journal of Egyptian History �0 (�0�7) �09–��3 brill.com/jeh Integration of Foreigners in Egypt The Relief of Amenhotep II Shooting Arrows at a Copper Ingot and Related Scenes Javier Giménez Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (Barcelona-Tech) [email protected] Abstract The relief of Amenhotep II shooting arrows at a copper ingot target has often been considered as propaganda of the king’s extraordinary strength and vigour. However, this work proposes that the scene took on additional layers of significance and had different ritual functions such as regenerating the health of the king, and ensuring the eternal victory of Egypt over foreign enemies and the victory of order over chaos. Amenhotep II was shooting arrows at an “Asiatic” ox-hide ingot because the ingot would symbolize the northern enemies of Egypt. The scene belonged to a group of representations carved during the New Kingdom on temples that showed the general image of the king defeating enemies. Moreover, it was linked to scenes painted in pri- vate tombs where goods were brought to the deceased, and to offering scenes carved on the walls of Theban temples. The full sequence of scenes would describe, and ritual- ly promote, the process of integration of the foreign element into the Egyptian sphere. Keywords Amenhotep II stela – ox-hide ingot – offering scenes – scenes of goods brought to the deceased * I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments which led me to consider an additional meaning of the scene in Min’s tomb (TT109) and the possibility that the Egyptians regarded the ox-hide ingot as a marvel from a land beyond Egypt’s sphere of control.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlementin Egypt
    Pýý.ý577 THE IMPACT OF THE ARAB CONQUEST ON LATE ROMAN SETTLEMENTIN EGYPT VOLUME I: TEXT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CAMBRIDGE This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, March 2002 ALISON GASCOIGNE DARWIN COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE For my parents with love and thanks Abstract The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlement in Egypt Alison Gascoigne, Darwin College The Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 AD affected the development of Egyptian towns in various ways. The actual military struggle, the subsequent settling of Arab tribes and changes in administration are discussed in chapter 1, with reference to specific sites and using local archaeological sequences. Chapter 2 assesseswhether our understanding of the archaeological record of the seventh century is detailed enough to allow the accurate dating of settlement changes. The site of Zawyet al-Sultan in Middle Egypt was apparently abandoned and partly burned around the time of the Arab conquest. Analysis of surface remains at this site confirmed the difficulty of accurately dating this event on the basis of current information. Chapters3 and 4 analysethe effect of two mechanismsof Arab colonisation on Egyptian towns. First, an investigation of the occupationby soldiers of threatened frontier towns (ribats) is based on the site of Tinnis. Examination of the archaeological remains indicates a significant expansion of Tinnis in the eighth and ninth centuries, which is confirmed by references in the historical sources to building programmes funded by the central government. Second, the practice of murtaba ` al- jund, the seasonal exploitation of the town and its hinterland for the grazing of animals by specific tribal groups is examined with reference to Kharibta in the western Delta.
    [Show full text]
  • 0852 Anc.Soc. 02 Bennett
    CLEOPATRA V TRYPHÆNA AND THE GENEALOGY OF THE LATER PTOLEMIES* According to a fragment of Porphyry, a daughter of Ptolemy X Alexan- der I and Berenice III, of unknown name, accompanied her parents at the time of her father’s deposition and flight in 881. We are told nothing else about her. This paper explores the hypothesis that she was the future Cleopatra V Tryphæna. The discussion touches on several other uncer- tain points in the female genealogy of the later Ptolemies. 1. THE NATURE OF THE SOURCES The evidence for the genealogy of the later Ptolemies falls into two classes. The classical authors provide the bulk of our sources. These works give us a complete genealogy of the line of succession down to Ptolemy X. We are also given the paternity of the remaining rulers — Berenice III, Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Berenice IV, Cleopatra VII and her brothers — but in none of these cases are we told the names of their mothers. Moreover, much of the classical evi- dence for the later Ptolemies is presented incidentally to the author’s main purpose, not all these authors are fully reliable, nor are they all mutually consistent. Two of the principal sources — Pompeius Trogus and Porphyry — survive only in fragmentary and redacted form, in the works of compilers (Justin and Eusebius, respectively) who lived and wrote several centuries later. The second class of evidence comes from the contemporary inscrip- tions and papyri discovered in Egypt over the last two centuries. These have provided us with a highly refined chronology of changes in the political regime (at least, as seen locally), and have allowed us to track in fine detail changes in royal titulary and the evolution of the royal * I am very grateful to Prof.
    [Show full text]