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Rhynchostele Madrensis (Rchb Rhynchostele madrensis (RCHB. F.) SOTO ARENAS et SALAZAR 1993 Synonyme: Odontoglossum madrense RCHB. F. 1874 Odontoglossum maxillare HOOK. F. 1875 (non Lindl. 1847) Cymbiglossum madrense (RCHB. F.) HALB. 1983 Lemboglossum madrense (RCHB. F.) HALB. 1984 Amparoa madrensis (RCHB. F.) ARCHILA 2009 Unterfamilie: Epidendroideae Tribus: Cymbidieae Subtribus: Oncidiinae Verbreitung: Endemisch in Mexiko, Sierra Madre del Sur, Provinzen von Guerrero und Oaxaca Standort: Epiphytisch im Bergregen- wald, in Höhenlagen von 1 850 bis 2 500 m Beschreibung: Epiphyt mit dicht ge- Rhynchostele madrensis, etwa 1,3 × natürliche Größe drängt wachsenden Trieben; Pseudo- bulben zweiblättrig, schmal elliptisch, bis 10 cm lang und 2,5 cm im Durch- seite deutlich gekielt; Petalen schmal kanische Sierra Madre* fand Benedict messer, deutlich abgeplatted, hellgrün; eiförmig, vorn zugespitzt, mit etwas ROEZL in jenem Gebirge bei Colima unterhalb der Pseudobulben zwei gestielter Basis und gering gewellten u. a. ein Odontoglossum, das er mit Spreiten tragende Blätter, das obere Rändern, 3 cm lang und 1,3 cm breit; anderen auftragsgemäß an die Firma größere bis 16 cm lang und 3 cm breit, Lippe ausgebreitet 2,5 cm lang, an der Veitch sandte. Diese setzte sich nach schmal elliptisch, deutlich genervt; Basis parallel zur Säule orientiert, dann dessen erster Blüte – bei E. G. WRIG- Blätter von gleicher Form, das obere nach unten gerichtet, mit dreieckig zu- LEY in Broadoaks und bei Lord Fre- bis 20 cm lang und 3 cm breit, das un- gespitzter, 1,5 cm breiter Platte, Kallus derick CAVENDISH in Chatsworth – mit tere etwas kleiner; Infloreszenz aus der 0,3 cm hoch, beidseitig der Mittellinie REICHENBACH fil. in Verbindung, Achsel des bulbenstützenden Blattes kragenförmig halbrund, beide Tei- der sogleich eine Verwandtschaft mit an der völlig ausgereiften Pseudobul- le vorn nicht miteinander verbunden; Odontoglossum maxillare erkannte. be entstehend, bis 25 cm lang, über- Säule 1,5 cm lang, schwach aufwärts Wegen der unterschiedlichen Kallusbe- hängend, Schaftlänge etwa 10 cm, mit gebogen, im Bereich der Narbe breiter, schreibung hielt er die neuen Pflanzen drei auffälligen braunen Niederblättern; aber ohne Flügel aber für eine andere Art und beschrieb Schaft und Rhachis abgeflacht, letztere sie 1874 in “Gardeners‘ Chronicle“ als leicht zickzackförmig, mit 5 bis 8 Blü- Variation: Die Art variiert lediglich in Odontoglossum madrense. ten; gestielter Fruchtknoten 4,0 – 4,5 der Blütenfarbe etwas, es sind Formen cm lang; Sepalen weiß mit brauner bis mit fast durchweg gelb gefärbter Lippe Seit Langem war klar, dass die Grup- dunkel rotbrauner Basis, Lippe weiß, bekannt. pe der zentralamerikanischen Arten Kallus und Basis dottergelb, Säule rund um Odontoglossum rossii eine weiß, auf der Unterseite hellbraun; Blü- Verwechslungsmöglichkeiten: Rhyn- eigene Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung te ausgebreitet bis 7 cm im Durchmes- chostele madrensis kann schon von ser, schwach duftend; dorsales Sepa- der Blütenfarbe her nicht mit anderen ______________________ lum schmal eiförmig, vorn zugespitzt, Arten der Gattung verwechselt werden. * Benedict ROEZL sammelte in der me- 4 cm lang und 1,3 cm breit, laterale Se- xikanische Sierra Madre tonnenweise palen lanzettlich, vorn zugespitzt, 4 cm Wissenswertes: Anlässlich seiner Orchideen und schickte diese nach lang und 0,9 cm breit, auf der Außen- letzten Entdeckungsreise in die mexi- Europa. Odontoglossum formt. 1983 fasste Federico HALBINGER deshalb 14 Ar- ten in der neuen Gattung Cymbiglos- sum zusammen. HALBINGER kannte zwar REICHENBACHs Rhynchostele, aber nicht die Zugehörigkeit seiner Cymbiglossum-Arten zu dieser Gat- tung. Unglücklicherweise übersah HALBINGER dabei auch, dass der Gattungsname Cymbiglossum wegen seiner Ähnlichkeit mit Cymboglossum BRIEGER (1981) nicht haltbar war und so wurde eine erneute Umkombination notwendig. HALBINGER schuf im Mai 1984 den Gattungsnamen Lembo- glossum. Im Jahr 1852 beschrieb REICHEN- BACH in “Botanische Zeitung” die Gattung Rhynchostele und kombinierte LINDLEYs Odontoglossum pygmaeum von 1841 zu Rhynchostele pygmaea um. Der Gattungsname Rhynchostele wurde lange Jahre ignoriert, aber 1993 publizierten Miguel SOTO ARENAS, Gerardo A. SALAZAR und Alicia RO- JAS eine Arbeit in “Orquídea (Méx.)“, in der sie nachwiesen, dass die Arten der von HALBINGER geschaffenen Gattung Lemboglossum eigentlich zu Rhynchostele RCHB. F. zu stellen wären. Sie nahmen die notwendigen Umkombinationen vor und so erhielt Odontoglossum madrense den heu- te akzeptierten Namen Rhynchostele madrensis. Odontoglossum maxillare war von LINDLEY nach einer im September 1847 von Charles B. WARNER erhalte- Rhynchostele madrensis, Lippe nen Einzelblüte noch im gleichen Jahr bei einem nur vermuteten Ursprungs- land Mexiko in “Edwards’s Botanical Magazine“ nach einer Pflanze von und stelos für Säule; madrensis nach Register“ beschrieben worden. In der VEITCH und einem Ölgemälde von E. der Herkunft aus der Sierra Madre in Zwischenzeit wissen wir, dass Odon- G. WRIGLEY (also aus der gleichen Mexiko; maxillare nach der vermeint- toglossum maxillare sensu LINDLEY ein Sammlung wie der TYPUS von Rhyn- lichen Ähnlichkeit mit der Blüte einer Synonym von Rhynchostele aptera ist chostele madrensis). In “Orchid Al- Maxillaria und dass Rhynchostele madrensis ein bum“ von Robert WARNER und Ben- paarmal fälschlicherweise unter dem jamin Samuel WILLIAMS folgte 1883 Kultur: Rhynchostele madrensis liebt Namen Odontoglossum maxillare be- eine Tafel, die ebenfalls Rhynchostele eine feucht-kühle Atmosphäre, ganz- schrieben und abgebildet wurde. So madrensis unter dem Namen Odonto- jährig um 12 – 15 °C und wächst willig ein erstes Mal 1875 von Joseph Dal- glossum maxillare zeigt. Die Pflanze in Kunststofftöpfen, die man möglichst ton HOOKER in “Curtis’s Botanical kam aus der Kultur von R. VANNER, klein wählen und mit guter Drainage Camden Wood, England. Und letztlich versehen sollte. finden wir die gleiche Verwechslung in “Lindenia“ von 1889. Ein Gemisch aus Kiefernrinde, Farn- Rhynchostele madrensis als Odon- toglossum maxillare – Abbildung aus wurzeln und wenig Sphagnum hat sich LINDEN, L. & RODIGAS, E. (1889): Etymologie: Rhynchostele – zusam- als günstig erwiesen, möglichst mit ei- Odontoglossum maxillare Lindl.; Lin- mengesetzt aus den griechischen Wör- ner Abdeckung aus lebendem Sphag- denia 5: t. 209 tern rhynchos für Schnabel oder Horn num. Das Durchgießen der Töpfe sollte HALBINGER, F. (1983): Cymbiglossum, Ticoglossum and Rhynchostele, three genera of México and Central America derived from Odontoglos- sum; Orquídea (Méx.) 9: 1 – 12 HALBINGER, F. (1984): Lemboglos- sum, a new name for the Odonto- glossum cervantesii complex; Orquí- dea (Méx.) 9: 347 – 354 HOOKER, J. D. (1875): Odontoglossum maxillare; Curtis’s Botanical Magazi- ne 101: t. 6144 LINDEN, L. & RODIGAS, E. (1889): Odontoglossum maxillare Lindl.; Lin- denia 5: t. 209 NORMAN, J. B. (1874): Floral Commit- tee; Gardeners‘ Chronicle new ser., 2: 309 (nomen) REICHENBACH, H. G. (1874): New garden plants: Masdevallia chimae- ra, Odontoglossum madrense, Aga- nisia fimbriata; Gardeners‘ Chronicle new ser., 2: 804 SOTO ARENAS, M.; SALAZAR, G. A. & ROJAS, A. (1993): Nomenclatural changes in Rhynchostele, Mesoglos- sum and Lemboglossum; Orquídea (Méx.) 13(1 – 2): 145 – 152 SOTO ARENAS, M. (2008): Rhynchos- tele madrenis (Rchb. f.) Soto Arenas & Salazar; Icones Orchidacearum 10: t. 1083 VEITCH, H. J. (1887): Manual of Or- chidaceous Plants cultivated under Rhynchostele madrensis – Abbildung aus SOTO ARENAS, M. (2008): Rhyn- glass in Great Britain 2(1): 50 – 51 chostele madrenis (Rchb. f.) Soto Arenas & Salazar; Icones Orchidacearum 10: WARNER, R.; WILLIAMS, B. S. & t. 1083 (IIlustrator: E. Hágsater – mit Erlaubnis von E. HÁgsater) MOORE, T. (1883): Odontoglossum madrense; Orchid Album 2: t. 71 nur während der Wachstumszeit im Züchtung: Oncostele Margarita = On- Spätherbst und auch da nur selten vor- cidium noezlianum (Cochlioda noezlia- genommen werden, die Wurzeln sind na) × Rhynchostele madrensis, Graire empfindlich gegen langanhaltende 1912 Nässe. Am besten werden die Pflan- zen durch häufiges Sprühen ernährt, besonders an wärmeren Tagen, um die Literatur: Luft abzukühlen. Am frühen Morgen Anonymus (1890): Orchid notes and sollten sie kräftig eingenebelt werden. gleanings; Gardeners‘ Chronicle ser. 3, 7: 326 Ein luftiger, halbschattiger und vor di- ARCHILA MORALES, F. L. (2009): Re- rekter Sonneneinstrahlung geschütz- consideration of the genus Amparoa ter Standort ist wichtig. Ab Mitte März Schltr. (Oncidiinae Bentham / Orchi- kann dem Gießwasser etwas Volldün- daceae Jussieu) a genus with the Text und Fotos: Rudolf Jenny, Allmen- ger beigegeben werden. Wenn die center of diversification in the Mayan dingen, Schweiz (B.R.) Triebe ausgewachsen sind, wird das Mesoamerica; Revista Guatemalen- Gießen eingeschränkt. Eine angedeu- sis 12(2): 22 tete Ruhezeit von zwei bis drei Mo- BOCKEMÜHL, L. & SENGHAS, K. Orchideenkartei naten wirkt sich vorteilhaft aus. Dabei (1980): Odontoglossum madrense Seiten 1381 – 1384 sollten aber die Pseudobulben nicht Rchb. f. 1877; Die Orchidee 31(1): Beilage zu schrumpfen. Orchideenkartei 159 – 160 Die Orchidee 72(1), 2021.
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