DOCSLIB.ORG

Modeling of at Risk Areas of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modeling of at Risk Areas of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL DOI : 10.5958/0974-4576.2020.00054.7 © J. ent. Res., 44 (2) : 315-322 (2020) Modeling of at risk areas of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) using Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Southwest of Iran Elham Jahanifard*, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd**, Amir Ahmad Akhavan**, Mona Sharififard*, Atefeh Khazeni**** and Babak Vazirianzadeh*** *Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ABSTRACT Present study is concentrated on modeling of ZCL using eco-environmental and climatic elements in some counties situated in the center of the province and preparing their risk maps. Pairwise comparative matrices were designed based on 7 criteria, including mean temperature, mean humidity, mean rainfall, elevation, distance from river, land use and soil texture that were completed by leishmaniasis experts. The weight of criteria was obtained by Expert choice 11. The risk map was drawn using overlaying seven criteria and multiplying their weight derived from AHP method in ArcGIS10.5 software. The highest weight belongs to the climatic elements and the lowest weights were related to distance from the river. Also, very high- and high-risk areas were regarded as hot spots. The incidence rate of disease was calculated in Hamidyeh (6.5), Karoun (1.5), Ahvaz (1.03) and Bavy (0.726) per 10000 in 2017. The incidence rate of ZCL decreased in Bavy County to 0.4 per 10000 persons while the ZCL incidence rates were increased to 1.04, 6.7 and 1.7 per 10000 persons in Ahvaz, Hamidyeh and Karoun Counties in 2018, respectively. In two rural districts, Tarah and Jahad, of Hamidyeh County and the majority parts of Ahvaz County the risk of disease was predicted moderate. The risk map based on AHP and GIS is able to visualize the problems and help to Health policy makers to use the available evidence and make the best decision. Key words : AHP, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Khuzestan, risk map, Iran. INTRODUCTION due to agricultural, urbanization, industrial activities, Leishmaniasis as neglected infectious and weak immune system and lack of financial resources vector- borne disease is caused by a variety species (WHO, 2019). Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis of Leishmania parasite that transmit by sand flies is a common disease between human and animal species (Yaghoobi-Ershadi, 2012). Leishmaniasis is that environmental, ecological and geological an endemic disease in Iran and have three clinical factors can influence the distribution of the forms including zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis vector and the reservoir and consequently the (ZCL), anthroponetic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) emergence of the disease (Salomón et al., 2012). and zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) due The most cases of CL occur in the Americas, the to Leishmania major, L. tropica and L. infantum, Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central respectively (Yaghoobi-Ershadi, 2012; Mohebali, Asia. More than 95% of new CL cases occurred 2013). The different forms of the disease are in 6 countries as follows: Afghanistan, Algeria, correlated to numerous factors including poverty, Brazil, Colombia, Iran, Iraq and the Syrian Arab malnutrition, population emigration, inappropriate Republic during 2017. New cases of cutaneous and poor housing, making environmental changes leishmaniasis are estimated to be 7,00,000 to 1 million and also some 26,000 to 65,000 deaths *Corresponding author's E-mail : [email protected], elham.jahani56@ gmail.com occur annually (WHO, 2019). Moreover, the new **Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public cases of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) are Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ***Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public about 100-300 in the country, annually (Mohebali, Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2013). Iran is one of counties in view of cases ****Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran number of CL in the world in 2015 (Piroozi, Journal of Entomological Research, June 2020 2019). Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) based MCDA used to spatio-temporal distribution is endemic in 18 of 31 provinces. About 80% of ZCL in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran (Mollalo cases reported in the country are in the form of and Khodabandehloo, 2016). Analytic Hierarchy ZCL (Yaghoobi-Ershadi, 2012). About 4700 cases of Process and AHP fuzzy were used to determine ZCL were reported from Khuzestan Province during the susceptibility map of visceral leishmaniasis in 2010-2014 (Ostad et al., 2016). More than 400 northwest of Iran (Rajabi et al., 2012). cases have been reported in the Dasht Azadegan, The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an Ahvaz and Andimeshk Counties during 2009-2014 effective tool for dealing with complex decision (Khademvatan et al., 2017). The geographical making that introduced by Thomas Saaty (1970s). distribution in north parts of Khuzestan for L. major Furthermore, it is a method of measurement and L. tropica with the high amount were calculated with ratio scales that help the decision makers 91.84 and 8.16%, respectively (Maraghi et al., 2013). in complicated circumstances to judge and make the best decision (Saaty, 1987). This method is Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to one of the multi-criteria decision making analysis assess the impact of various factors on health, public (MCDA) which is applicable to solving complicated health, disease distribution, health care, and to help problems due to simplicity and making multilevel make a decision (Keola et al., 2002). Moreover, this hierarchies (Danesh et al., 2015). GIS-based MCDA software was used for ecological niche modeling was used for spatio-temporal distribution of ZCL of various vectors and distribution of vector-borne in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran (Mollalo disease (Zou et al., 2006). Environmental variables and Khodabandehloo, 2016). Analytic Hierarchy are considered as a risk factor of leishmaniasis Process and AHP fuzzy were used to determine the distribution (Sharifi et al., 2015). Furthermore, susceptibility map of VL in northwest of the country ecological factors (vegetation cover, elevation) in (Rajabi et al., 2012). Modeling based on MCDA in combination with environmental variables can be combination with GIS is a useful and affordable used for predicting and GIS modeling of vectors method to prevent, control and monitor the disease. of diseases and also it can be used for better The objective of this research is modeling and understanding the way in vector control program prediction of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis risk (Bhunia et al., 2012; Tsegaw et al., 2013). In the map using GIS and AHP methods in some counties survey of eco-environmental risk factors of CL, the in the center of Khuzestan Province. The result result showed that rainy days, minimum temperature, can reduce field operations costs and increase the wind velocity, maximum relative humidity and ability of decision makers. population density were the most effective factors in distributing the disease (Ali-Akbarpour et al., 2012). MATERIALS AND METHODS Slope, precipitation of the wettest quarter and Study area : Khuzestan Province (29° 58’ N, 47° the mean temperature of coldest as topographical 41’ E and 33° 4’ N, 50° 39’ E) is situated in the and environmental variables are involved in the southwest of Iran in bordering Iraq and the Persian prediction of distribution of Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus and Tatera indica, respectively Gulf. This province has two regions: mountainous (Gholamrezaei et al., 2016). Another study in regions north of the Ahvaz ridge, and the plains and southwest of Iran showed soil texture, land cover and marshlands to its south. The area is irrigated by four land use are the most elements in the distribution rivers (Karoun, Karkheh, Jarahi and Maroun). The of Nesokia indica and T. indica (Jahanifard et al., climate of Khuzestan is generally very hot and humid, 2019). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an especially in the south, while winters are cold and effective tool that introduced by Thomas Saaty at dry. Furthermore, desert conditions and sandstorms 1970s. Furthermore, it is a method of measurement are also observed. Ahvaz County (30.883333 N, with ratio scales that help to the decision maker 48.016667 E and 31.766667 N, 49.3 E) is the capital in complicated circumstance to do judge and make of Khuzestan Province. The county distance to the the best decision (Saaty, 1987). This method is farthest city of Khuzestan in the northeast is 276 one of the multi-criteria decision making analysis km (Izeh) and the nearest is 30 km (Hamidiyeh in (MCDA) that is applicable to solving complicated the west of Ahvaz). The county is 18 m above sea decision problems due to simplicity and making level. The larger part of Khuzestan Province is in multilevel hierarchies (Danesh et al., 2015). GIS- the lowlands and Ahvaz is also in this area that it 316 Modeling of at risk areas of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis can be called the hottest areas of the country due AHP and predicting map of ZCL : Analytical Hierarchy to the lack of vegetation. Process is one of the main mathematical models and Karoun County (31.35 N, 48.683333 E and 31.7 multi-criteria techniques to support the decision theory N, 49.25 E) is situated in southwest of Khuzestan (Marinoni, 2004). This method developed in 1980 and in an area of over 5,000 Km2 and it is the fourth has experienced in various fields such as assessing, largest city in Khuzestan Province. The city has a designing, performance and decision making (Saaty warm and humid climate that reaches over 50°C and Vargas, 1991). The method summarized in nine in the hot summer. Hamidyeh County (30.883333 steps. Step 1: define alternatives, Step 2: organize N, 48.35 E and 31.266667 N, 48.9 E) is located at criteria, Step 3: make pairwise comparison, Step 25 Km from west of Ahvaz City in the Ahvaz road 4: collect input, Step 5: check consistency, Step 6: to Susanger City.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in East of Ahvaz County
    IAJPS 2017, 4 (11), 4252-4262 Hamid Kassiri et al ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1056982 Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article THE PREVALENCE OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN EAST OF AHVAZ COUNTY, SOUTH-WESTERN IRAN Hamid Kassiri 1*, Atefe Ebrahimi 2, Masoud Lotfi 3 1 School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2 Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 3 Abdanan Health Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Abstract: Objectives: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic parasitological disease. This disease cause always important health challenges for the human communities. It is common in many parts of the globe. This research was designed to determine the epidemiology of CL in East of Ahvaz County during 2003- 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical examination and microscopic observation of the parasite in the ulcer site. The patient's Information such as age, gender, number and sites of ulcer (s) on the body, month and residence area were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Totally, 2287 cases were detected during 2003 – 2013. About 53.4% patients were male and 46.4% female. The highest frequency infected age groups were observed in 10-19 years old (n=550 ,24%). Nearly 37 % of the patients had one and 38.1% had three ulcers.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960S and 1970S
    Podoces, 2008, 3(1/2): 1–30 Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960s and 1970s DEREK A. SCOTT Castletownbere Post Office, Castletownbere, Co. Cork, Ireland. Email: [email protected] Received 26 July 2008; accepted 14 September 2008 Abstract: The 12-year period from 1967 to 1978 was a period of intense ornithological activity in Iran. The Ornithology Unit in the Department of the Environment carried out numerous surveys throughout the country; several important international ornithological expeditions visited Iran and subsequently published their findings, and a number of resident and visiting bird-watchers kept detailed records of their observations and submitted these to the Ornithology Unit. These activities added greatly to our knowledge of the status and distribution of birds in Iran, and produced many records of birds which had rarely if ever been recorded in Iran before. This paper gives details of all records known to the author of 92 species that were recorded as rarities in Iran during the 12-year period under review. These include 18 species that had not previously been recorded in Iran, a further 67 species that were recorded on fewer than 13 occasions, and seven slightly commoner species for which there were very few records prior to 1967. All records of four distinctive subspecies are also included. The 29 species that were known from Iran prior to 1967 but not recorded during the period under review are listed in an Appendix. Keywords: Rare birds, rarities, 1970s, status, distribution, Iran. INTRODUCTION Eftekhar, E. Kahrom and J. Mansoori, several of whom quickly became keen ornithologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    POLISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE VOL. LIII/2 2020 PL ISSN 0079-2985 DOI: 10.17951/pjss/2020.53.2.225 FATEMEH MESKINI-VISHKAEE*, ALI REZA JAFARNEJADI*, MOHAMMAD HADI MOUSAVI-FAZL* EVALUATION OF SOIL PHYSICAL QUALITY IN DOMINANT SERIES OF CALCAREOUS SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST OF IRAN Received: 09.12.2019 Accepted: 08.09.2020 1Abstract. Calcareous soils are widely spread in arid and semiarid regions. Carbonates can affect soil quality by influencing soil pH, structure and soil available water. There are lots of calcareous soils in Iran and especially Khuzestan province, so providing sustainable agriculture evaluating the soil quality is essential. This study was done to evaluate the soil physical quality in dominant calcareous soil series in Khuzestan province, Iran. Soil physical quality indicators including Dex- ter’s S index, air capacity, soil available water capacity, relative water capacity and macroporosity were calculated. The results showed that, based on Dexter’s S index, only one calcareous soil series had a poor physical quality (S < 0.035). However, the simultaneous evaluation of different soil quality indicators showed that 56% and 22% of studied calcareous soil series had limited aer- ation and soil available water, respectively. While the weakest soil physical quality was related to the southeastern soil of Ahvaz, with both aeration and soil available water limitations. The results showed that the proper assessment of soil physical quality in calcareous soils requires considering more physical indicators than just Dexter’s S index related to soil aeration condition including air capacity and macroporosity. Keywords: aeration, macroporosity, soil available water, S index * Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran; corresponding author: [email protected] 226 F.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Infection of the Jackal (Canis Aureus) by Haplor-Chis Taichui (Trematoda
    Iran J Parasitol: Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan-Mar 2019, pp.120-126 Iran J Parasitol Tehran University of Medical Open access Journal at Iranian Society of Parasitology Sciences Public a tion http://ijpa.tums.ac.ir http://isp.tums.ac.ir http://tums.ac.ir Original Article Infection of the Jackal (Canis aureus) by Haplor- chis taichui (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Southwestern Iran: A Clue for Potential Human Infection Salma TEIMOORI 1,2, *Gholamreza MOWLAVI 3, Yuji ARIMATSU 2, Banchob SRIPA 2, Iraj MOBEDI 3, Meysam SHARIFDINI 4, Jafar MASSOUD 3, *Saied Reza NADDAF 5 1. Center of Excellence for Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Med- icine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand 2. WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Depart- ment of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 5. Department of Parasitology, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Received 15 Jan 2018 Abstract Accepted 10 Apr 2018 Background: We detected eight trematodes in the small intestine of a road- killed jackal (Canis aureus) from Hamidiyeh District near the city of Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province in 2010. Keywords: Methods: Three worms were stained with carmine acid, mounted in Canada Heterophyidae; balsam on glass slides and examined under a light microscope at 1000X Haplorchis taichui; magnification. PCR and sequencing of a partial ITS2 sequence were used to Canis aureus; approve the diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • HAMIDIYEH, V1 Hamidiyeh - IRAN 0 0 0 0
    254500 255000 255500 256000 256500 257000 257500 258000 48°24'40"E 48°25'0"E 48°25'20"E 48°25'40"E 48°26'0"E 48°26'20"E 48°26'40"E 48°27'0"E GLIDE number: FL-2019-000022-IRN Activation ID: EMSR352 Int. Charter call ID: 601 Product N.: 06HAMIDIYEH, v1 Hamidiyeh - IRAN 0 0 0 0 5 5 Flood - Situation as of 08/04/2019 7 7 8 8 4 4 3 3 Grading - Ready-to-print Map 01 N " 0 h 4 e ' h 9 rk 2 a ° K 1 3 Azerbaijan Turkmenistan Caspian N " 0 Sea 4 ' 9 2 ° 1 Tehran 3 ^ Dasht-e-Azadegan Hamidiyeh (! Khuzestan Iran Iraq RTP01 06 Kuwait Saudi Persian 0 0 Arabia Qatar 0 0 Gulf Gulf of Oman 0 0 7 7 8 8 4 4 3 3 6 km Cartographic Information 1:6000 Full color A1, 200 dpi resolution N " 0 2 ' 0 0,125 0,25 0,5 9 2 ° km 1 3 Grid: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 39N map coordinate system N " 0 2 ' Tick marks: WGS 84 geographical coordinate system 9 2 ± ° 1 3 Legend 0 0 0 0 5 5 6 6 8 8 Crisis Information Administrative boundaries 4 4 3 3 Flooded Area (08/04/2019 07:38 UTC) Province Flood trace Placenames ! Built Up Grading Placename Destroyed Hydrography Stream Damaged Reservoir Possibly damaged Transportation Grading River Road, Destroyed Stream Road, Damaged Transportation Bridge and elevated highway Road, Possibly damaged N " Primary Road 0 ' General Information 9 2 ° 1 3 Area of Interest Local Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cart Track N 6 6 " 8 8 0 ' 4 4 Ahvaz 9 2 3 3 ° 1 3 Map Information Hamidiyeh ! Severe flooding in several provinces of Iran since mid-March, has left 70 people dead.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Genotyping of Giardia Duodenalis in Municipal Waste Workers in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran
    Tropical Biomedicine 36(1): 44–52 (2019) Molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in municipal waste workers in Ahvaz, southwestern Iran Mirzavand, S.1,2, Kohansal, K.2 and Beiromvand, M.1,2* 1Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 February 2018; received in revised form 7 July 2018; accepted 12 October 2018 Abstract. Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in a wide range of vertebrates, including humans and animals. It is estimated that there are approximately 200 million symptomatic giardiasis per year globally. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis in municipal waste workers in Ahvaz County, southwestern Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted among municipal waste workers aged 21 to 59 years in Ahvaz County, southwestern Iran in 2015. Stool samples collected from 400 workers were examined initially by microscopy and sucrose flotation methods, and then G. duodenalis isolates were confirmed by SSU rRNA and subsequently the genotypes were identified by triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene of the parasite. In total, a prevalence of 4.0% was found for G. duodenalis by microscopy and sucrose flotation methods. All microscopic-positive samples were successfully amplified at the SSU rRNA gene while tpi gene was amplified in 13 (81.25%) samples. Out of the 13 amplified isolates at tpi gene, 10 (76.9%) were typeable while the other three (23.1%) were untypeable.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroclimatic Zones Map of Iran Explanatory Notes
    AGROCLIMATIC ZONES MAP OF IRAN EXPLANATORY NOTES E. De Pauw1, A. Ghaffari2, V. Ghasemi3 1 Agroclimatologist/ Research Project Manager, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo Syria 2 Director-General, Drylands Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Maragheh, Iran 3 Head of GIS/RS Department, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Tehran, Iran INTRODUCTION The agroclimatic zones map of Iran has been produced to as one of the outputs of the joint DARI-ICARDA project “Agroecological Zoning of Iran”. The objective of this project is to develop an agroecological zones framework for targeting germplasm to specific environments, formulating land use and land management recommendations, and assisting development planning. In view of the very diverse climates in this part of Iran, an agroclimatic zones map is of vital importance to achieve this objective. METHODOLOGY Spatial interpolation A database was established of point climatic data covering monthly averages of precipitation and temperature for the main stations in Iran, covering the period 1973-1998 (Appendix 1, Tables 2-3). These quality-controlled data were obtained from the Organization of Meteorology, based in Tehran. From Iran 126 stations were accepted with a precipitation record length of at least 20 years, and 590 stations with a temperature record length of at least 5 years. The database also included some precipitation and temperature data from neighboring countries, leading to a total database of 244 precipitation stations and 627 temperature stations. The ‘thin-plate smoothing spline’ method of Hutchinson (1995), as implemented in the ANUSPLIN software (Hutchinson, 2000), was used to convert this point database into ‘climate surfaces’.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger-Moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 36 Autor(en)/Author(s): Dubatolov Vladimir V., Zahiri Reza Artikel/Article: Tiger-moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 Tiger-moths o f Iran (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae: Arctiinae) by V l a d im ir V. D u b a t o l o v & R e z a Z a h ir i received 26.X.2005 Abstract: Based on the vast material from the collection of the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) and literature data, 28 species are recorded from Iran. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniMtu., Utetheisa lotrixCr ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . are recorded from this country for the first time. Four new subspecies, Arctia caja mazandarana subspec. nov. from the Caspian Coast, Eucharia festiva hormozgana subspec. nov. from South Iran, Watsonarctia deserta elbursica subspec. nov. from the Alburz Mts., and Pbragmatobia placida mirzayansi subspec. nov. with a pale coloration, from the high mountains of the Albourz are described. The analysis of the Arctiinae fauna shows that the fauna of South-Eastern Iran is the Oriental, and not Palearctic. Zusammenfassung: Mit Hilfe des reichhaltigen Materials des Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) und aufgrund von Literaturangaben können 28 Arten für den Iran angegeben werden. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniM £ n ., Utetheisa lotrix C r ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . werden erstmals für dieses Land gemeldet.
    [Show full text]
  • S 22863-EN.Pdf
    UNITED NATIONS S Distr. GENERAL S/22863 31 July 1991 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 31 JULY 1991 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL I wish to refer to my letter of 23 May (S/22637) in which I informed you that in pursuance of the mandate entrusted to me by paragraph 7 of resolution 598 (19871, I had asked former Under-Secretary-General Mr. Abdulrahim A. Farah to lead a team of experts to make an exploratory visit to the Islamic Republic of Iran for the purpose stated therein. The team visited the Islamic Republic of Iran from 31 May to 21 June 1991. The preliminary report of the mission containing details of the reported damage to the country's infrastructure, the nature and status of the country* 's reconstruction efforts and the team's observations on the damaged sites and installations inspected is submitted herewith for the information of members of the Security Council. The team will return to the Islamic Republic of Iran in the near future to complete its work. (Signed) Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 91-23907 2511.-12h (I?) / . 5122863 English Page 3 Annex PRELIMINARY REPORT OF A UNITED NATIONS TEAM, APPOINTED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 598 (1987), PARAGRAPH 7, TO OBTAIN INITJAL INFORMATION AND DATA ON THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE DAMAGE SUSTAINED BY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN AS A RESULT OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN AND IRAQ, AND ON THE STATUS OF THE FORMER'S RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS 31 MAY 1991-21 JUNE 1991 / .
    [Show full text]
  • Land and Climate
    IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1394 1. LAND AND CLIMATE Introduction and Qarah Dagh in Khorasan Ostan on the east The statistical information appeared in this of Iran. chapter includes “geographical characteristics The mountain ranges in the west, which have and administrative divisions” ,and “climate”. extended from Ararat mountain to the north west 1. Geographical characteristics and and the south east of the country, cover Sari administrative divisions Dash, Chehel Cheshmeh, Panjeh Ali, Alvand, Iran comprises a land area of over 1.6 million Bakhtiyari mountains, Pish Kuh, Posht Kuh, square kilometers. It lies down on the southern Oshtoran Kuh and Zard Kuh which totally form half of the northern temperate zone, between Zagros ranges.The highest peak of this range is latitudes 25º 04' and 39º 46' north, and “Dena” with a 4409 m height. longitudes 44º 02' and 63º 19' east. The land’s Southern mountain range stretches from average height is over 1200 meters above seas Khouzestan Ostan to Sistan & Baluchestan level. The lowest place, located in Chaleh-ye- Ostan and joins Soleyman mountains in Loot, is only 56 meters high, while the highest Pakistan. The mountain range includes Sepidar, point, Damavand peak in Alborz Mountains, Meymand, Bashagard and Bam Posht mountains. rises as high as 5610 meters. The land height at Central and eastern mountains mainly comprise the southern coastal strip of the Caspian Sea is Karkas, Shir Kuh, Kuh Banan, Jebal Barez, 28 meters lower than the open seas. Hezar, Bazman and Taftan mountains, the Iran is bounded by Turkmenistan, Caspian Sea, highest of which is Hezar mountain with a 4465 Republic of Azerbaijan, and Armenia on the m height.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics
    Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics Editorial board Aaron D. Rubin and C.H.M. Versteegh VOLUME 73 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ssl Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic By Hezy Mutzafi LEIDEN • bOSTON 2014 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mutzafi, Hezy. Comparative lexical studies in Neo-Mandaic / By Hezy Mutzafi. pages cm. — (Studies in semitic languages and linguistics ; Volume 73) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25704-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25705-4 (e-book) 1. Mandaean language—Grammar. 2. Mandaean language—Lexicology. I. Title. PJ5329.M88 2014 492’.3—dc23 2013048037 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0081-8461 ISBN 978-90-04-25704-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25705-4 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]