DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics Editorial board Aaron D. Rubin and C.H.M. Versteegh VOLUME 73 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ssl Comparative Lexical Studies in Neo-Mandaic By Hezy Mutzafi LEIDEN • bOSTON 2014 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mutzafi, Hezy. Comparative lexical studies in Neo-Mandaic / By Hezy Mutzafi. pages cm. — (Studies in semitic languages and linguistics ; Volume 73) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25704-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25705-4 (e-book) 1. Mandaean language—Grammar. 2. Mandaean language—Lexicology. I. Title. PJ5329.M88 2014 492’.3—dc23 2013048037 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0081-8461 ISBN 978-90-04-25704-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25705-4 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. For Shira and Yitav CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ xi Abbreviations and Symbols ......................................................................... xiii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Neo-Mandaic and Its Speakers .................................................... 1 1.2 The Neo-Mandaic Lexicon in Previous Studies ..................... 5 1.3 Methodology ..................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Sources ................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Transcription and Citation Forms ................................. 12 2. Aspects of Previous Research ................................................................ 17 2.1 Classicisms ......................................................................................... 17 2.2 Inaccurate Definitions ................................................................... 22 2.3 Ad hoc Persian and Arabic Loanwords .................................... 26 2.4 Ad hoc Circumlocutions ............................................................... 27 2.5 Ghost Words ..................................................................................... 30 2.6 Aramaic Verbal Roots Based on Incorrect Etymologies ...... 32 3. Neo-Mandaic and Pre-Modern Aramaic ............................................ 35 3.1 Continuity of the Neo-Mandaic Lexicon and Old Aramaic 35 3.2 Continuity of the Neo-Mandaic Lexicon and Literary Mandaic .............................................................................................. 36 3.3 Some Hitherto Unattested Mandaic Lexemes Surfacing in Neo-Mandaic ............................................................................... 38 3.3.1 Genuine Aramaic Words and Forms Hitherto Unattested in Literary Mandaic ..................................... 39 3.3.2 Early Iranian Loanwords Hitherto Unattested in Literary Mandaic ................................................................. 58 3.3.3 Akkadian Lexical Influences Surfacing in Neo-Mandaic ........................................................................ 62 3.4 The Importance of Neo-Mandaic for Elucidating Literary Mandaic Lexemes ............................................................................ 77 viii contents 4. Neo-Mandaic and Other Neo-Aramaic Varieties: Isolexes ........... 91 4.1 Shared Retentions of Neo-Mandaic and Other Neo-Aramaic Varieties ................................................................... 91 4.2 Shared Retentions with Semantic Differences ....................... 96 4.2.1 Semantic Differences Unique to Neo-Mandaic ......... 96 4.2.2 Further Shared Retentions with Semantic Differences ............................................................................ 99 4.2.3 Shared Retentions in Neo-Mandaic, NENA and Ṭuroyo .................................................................................... 103 4.3 Peripheral Relic Lexical Items ..................................................... 112 4.3.1 Relic Lexical Items Shared with Western Neo-Aramaic ........................................................................ 112 4.3.2 Relic Lexical Items Shared with Ṭuroyo and with Mlaḥsô .................................................................................... 116 4.4 Neo-Mandaic-NENA Isoglosses ................................................... 117 4.4.1 Isoglosses in Both Form and Meaning ......................... 118 4.4.2 Morpho-Lexical Isoglosses ............................................... 123 4.4.3 Neo-Mandaic Isolexes with Some of the NENA Dialects .................................................................................. 126 4.4.4 Neo-Mandaic-NENA Isolexes with Semantic Differences ............................................................................ 138 5. The Uniqueness of the Neo-Mandaic Lexicon within Neo-Aramaic ............................................................................................... 145 5.1 Pre-Modern Aramaic Words and Meanings Surviving Only in Neo-Mandaic ............................................................................... 145 5.2 Unique Neo-Mandaic Words and Meanings Related to Lexical Replacement ...................................................................... 166 5.2.1 Unique Neo-Mandaic Words ........................................... 166 5.2.2 Unique Neo-Mandaic Meanings .................................... 176 5.3 Unique Neo-Mandaic Compounds and Blends ...................... 193 5.4 Some Unique Neo-Mandaic Words of Unknown or Uncertain Origin .............................................................................. 199 5.5 Various Other Unique Neo-Mandaic Words and Meanings 203 Bibliographical References ........................................................................... 213 Index of Neo-Mandaic Words ..................................................................... 223 PREFACE The impetus to carry out fieldwork on Neo-Mandaic and to write this book is very much due to the late Rudolf Macuch’s own work on this language and the fascinating linguistic details revealed in his publica- tions. Already in 1992, as a BA student at the Department of Hebrew and Semitic Languages, Tel Aviv University, I wished to learn more about Neo- Mandaic and its speakers, and wrote a few queries to Prof. Macuch, who kindly replied to me promptly and at length, and added intriguing details about his work on his Neumandäische Texte im Dialekt von Ahwāz (pub- lished in 1993). Had it not been for Macuch’s scholarly work on Neo-Mandaic during the second half of the 20th century, the Mandaic language would prob- ably have been regarded by contemporary Semitic scholarship as no more alive than Jewish Babylonian and other Aramaic idioms of Late Antiquity, and no scholarly interest in delving deeper into its linguistic repositories would have been triggered. Indeed, in an article which had appeared only a year before Macuch published the first transcribed Neo-Mandaic text (Macuch 1965) and his Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic, H.J. Polotsky wrote that “. the two varieties of Babylonian Aramaic which were employed in writ- ing in the Middle Ages, viz. the language of the Babylonian Talmud and Mandaean, did not leave descendants” (Polotsky 1964: 105). Even much later Neo-Mandaic was virtually ignored by other Aramaists and Semitists, and for nearly five decades, until Häberl’s publication of his dissertation on the dialect of Khorramshahr in 2009, all scholarly knowl- edge of Neo-Mandaic had been exclusively associated with the name and works of Rudolf Macuch. Since 1992 I had been hoping that someday I would be able to meet with Neo-Mandaic speakers and become acquainted with their language at close quarters, but the opportunity to do so came only 16 years later, in 2008, when I conducted my first fieldwork on this language, specifically on the dialect of Khorramshahr, in New York. This was followed in 2010 by another fieldwork trip in Australia which concerned both Neo-Mandaic dialects of Ahvaz and Khorramshahr. The present book deals with salient lexical features of one of the rar- est and most seriously endangered modern varieties of Aramaic. Being an x preface offshoot of a pre-modern vernacular closely related to Classical Mandaic, and having developed within the confines of a few isolated language-islets in the extreme southwestern part
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran
    European Journal of Taxonomy 571: 1–25 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.571 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2019 · Zargar M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89B1D35C-8162-403C-BF95-7853C62D27D1 Three new species and two new records of the genus Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran Mohammad ZARGAR 1, Ankita GUPTA 2, Ali Asghar TALEBI 3,* & Samira FARAHANI 4 1,3 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran. 2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insects Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, 560 024 Bangalore, India. 4 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6F685437-6655-4D8B-9DD5-C66A0824B987 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AC7B7E50-D525-4630-B1E9-365ED5511B79 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:71CB13A9-F9BD-4DDE-8CB1-A495036975FE 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:423DEB84-81C3-4179-BDE2-88A827CD4865 Abstract. The present study is based on the genus Cotesia Cameron,1891 collected from Khuzestan Province in the Southwestern part of Iran during 2016–2017. Nine species (+200 specimens) of the genus Cotesia were collected and identified. We recognised three new species, which we describe and illustrate here: Cotesia elongata Zargar & Gupta sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in East of Ahvaz County
    IAJPS 2017, 4 (11), 4252-4262 Hamid Kassiri et al ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1056982 Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article THE PREVALENCE OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN EAST OF AHVAZ COUNTY, SOUTH-WESTERN IRAN Hamid Kassiri 1*, Atefe Ebrahimi 2, Masoud Lotfi 3 1 School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2 Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 3 Abdanan Health Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Abstract: Objectives: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic parasitological disease. This disease cause always important health challenges for the human communities. It is common in many parts of the globe. This research was designed to determine the epidemiology of CL in East of Ahvaz County during 2003- 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical examination and microscopic observation of the parasite in the ulcer site. The patient's Information such as age, gender, number and sites of ulcer (s) on the body, month and residence area were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Totally, 2287 cases were detected during 2003 – 2013. About 53.4% patients were male and 46.4% female. The highest frequency infected age groups were observed in 10-19 years old (n=550 ,24%). Nearly 37 % of the patients had one and 38.1% had three ulcers.
    [Show full text]
  • Semitic Languages
    ARAMAIC 61 of the Dead Sea. Although the ninth-century B.C. Moabite inscriptions present the earliest "Hebrew" characters of the alphabetic script, their language cannot be regarded as an Hebrew dialect. f) Edomite 7.9. Edomite, attested by a few inscriptions and seals dated from the 9th through the 4th century B.C., was the Canaanite idiom of southern Transjordan and eastern Negev. Despite our very poor knowledge of the language, palaeography and morphology reveal some specifically Edomite features. B. Aramaic 7.10. Aramaic forms a widespread linguistic group that could be clas­ sified also as North or East Semitic. Its earliest written attestations go back to the 9th century B.C. and some of its dialects survive until the present day. Several historical stages and contemporaneous dialects have to be distinguished. a) Early Aramaic 7.11. Early Aramaic is represented by an increasing number of inscrip­ tions from Syria, Assyria, North Israel, and northern Transjordan dating from the 9th through the 7th century B.C. (Fig. 11). There are no impor­ tant differences in the script and the spelling of the various documents, except for the Tell Fekherye statue and the Tell Halaf pedestal inscrip­ tion. The morphological variations point instead to the existence of several dialects that represent different levels of the evolution of the language. While the Tell Fekherye inscription (ca. 850 B.C.) seems to testify to the use of internal or "broken" plurals, the two Samalian inscriptions from Zincirli (8th century B.C.) apparently retain the case endings in the plural and have no emphatic state.
    [Show full text]
  • Kiraz 2019 a Functional Approach to Garshunography
    Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 7 (2019) 264–277 brill.com/ihiw A Functional Approach to Garshunography A Case Study of Syro-X and X-Syriac Writing Systems George A. Kiraz Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute, Piscataway [email protected] Abstract It is argued here that functionalism lies at the heart of garshunographic writing systems (where one language is written in a script that is sociolinguistically associated with another language). Giving historical accounts of such systems that began as early as the eighth century, it will be demonstrated that garshunographic systems grew organ- ically because of necessity and that they offered a certain degree of simplicity rather than complexity.While the paper discusses mostly Syriac-based systems, its arguments can probably be expanded to other garshunographic systems. Keywords Garshuni – garshunography – allography – writing systems It has long been suggested that cultural identity may have been the cause for the emergence of Garshuni systems. (In the strictest sense of the term, ‘Garshuni’ refers to Arabic texts written in the Syriac script but the term’s semantics were drastically extended to other systems, sometimes ones that have little to do with Syriac—for which see below.) This paper argues for an alterna- tive origin, one that is rooted in functional theory. At its most fundamental level, Garshuni—as a system—is nothing but a tool and as such it ought to be understood with respect to the function it performs. To achieve this, one must take into consideration the social contexts—plural, as there are many—under which each Garshuni system appeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Princeton Forcing Dataset Over Iran Using the Delta-Ratio Method
    Supplemental Material Improving Princeton Forcing Dataset over Iran Using the Delta-Ratio Method Qinghuan Zhang1, Qiuhong Tang1,2*, Xingcai Liu1, Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari1 and Pedram Attarod3 1 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China 3 Forestry and Forest Economics Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 77871-31587, Iran *Correspondence to: Qiuhong Tang ([email protected]) Table S1. Information about the climate stations. Station Long Lat Elev. Data Province Station Name Adjust Validate Code (° E) (° N) (m) Availability Alborz Karaj 40752 50.57 35.48 1292.9 1985–2017 Yes Ardebil 40708 48.17 38.15 1332 1977–2017 Yes Ardebil Khalkhal 40717 48.31 37.38 1796 1987–2017 Yes Pars Abad Moghan 40700 47.55 39.39 31.9 1985–2017 Yes Bushehr 40858 50.49 28.58 9 1986–2017 Yes Bushehr Bushehr Coastal 40857 50.49 28.54 8.4 1951–2017 Yes Yes Boroojen 99459 51.18 31.59 2260 1988–2017 Yes Chaharmahal Koohrang 40797 50.7 32.26 2285 1987–2017 Yes and Bakhtiari Shahre Kord 40798 50.51 32.17 2048.9 1956–2017 Yes Yes Ahar 40704 47.4 38.26 1390.5 1986–2017 Yes Jolfa 40702 45.40 38.45 736.2 1986–2017 Yes Maragheh 40713 46.16 37.24 1477.7 1984–2017 Yes East Azarbaijan Mianeh 40716 47.42 37.27 1110 1987–2017 Yes Sarab 40710 47.32 37.56 1682 1987–2017 Yes Tabriz 40706 46.17
    [Show full text]
  • Oligocene-Miocene Ramp System (Asmari Formation) in the NW of the Zagros Basin, Iran: Microfacies, Paleoenvironment and Depositional Sequence
    56 Vaziri-MoghaddamRevista Mexicana et al. de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 27, núm. 1, 2010, p. 56-71 Oligocene-Miocene ramp system (Asmari Formation) in the NW of the Zagros basin, Iran: Microfacies, paleoenvironment and depositional sequence Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam1,*, Ali Seyrafian1, Azizolah Taheri2, and Homayoon Motiei3 1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, 81746-73441. 2 Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran. 3 National Iranian Oil Company Research and Development Division, Tehran, Iran. * [email protected] ABSTRACT The Asmari Formation deposited in the Zagros foreland basin during the Oligocene-Miocene. Four different measured sections were studied in this area in order to interpret the facies, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation. In this study, thirteen different microfacies types have been recognized, which can be grouped into six depositional environments: tidal flat, restricted lagoon, open lagoon, shoal, slope and basin. The Asmari Formation represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp. Four third-order sequences are identified, on the basis of deepening and shallowing patterns in the microfacies and the distribution of the Oligocene-Miocene foraminifers. The depositional sequences 1, 2 and 3 were observed in Dehluran and Kabirkuh-Darrehshahr areas, and are synchronous with a period of either erosion or non-deposition represented by unconformities in Mamulan and Sepid Dasht areas. Key words: microfacies, paleoenvironment, ramp, Asmari Formation, Zagros basin, Iran. RESUMEN La Formación Asmari se depositó en el antepaís de la cuenca Zagros durante el Oligoceno-Mioceno. Se estudiaron y midieron cuatro secciones diferentes en esta área para interpretar las facies, ambiente de depósito y la secuencia estratigráfica de la Formación Asmari.
    [Show full text]
  • 1590-1601 Issn 2322-5149 ©2014 Jnas
    Journal of Novel Applied Sciences Available online at www.jnasci.org ©2014 JNAS Journal-2014-3-S2/1590-1601 ISSN 2322-5149 ©2014 JNAS Trend analysis of the changes in urban hierarchy of Khuzestan: a sustainable development perspective Mohammad Ajza Shokouhi1* and Jawad Bawi2 1- Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 2- PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Corresponding author: Mohammad Ajza Shokouhi ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the changes in the urban hierarchy of Khuzestan during a period of 50 years (1956-2006) determining the extent of changes in urbanization and the potential spatial differences between the cities in this province from the perspective of sustainable development. Adopting a descriptive-analytic approach and employing various models such as tensile modulus, primate city indicators, urban concentration index (three-city and four-city), the rank-size rule, the present paper analyzes the factors influencing the urban networks in Khuzestan. It follows from the results of the study that the urban networks of the province, have been heavily affected by developments so that Abadan which used to have the first rank in Khuzestan has lost its rank to Ahwaz due to the administrative, political, and commercial centrality of Ahwaz. The imposed war (of Iraq against Iran) has also caused abrupt changes in the population and urban hierarchy. Therefore, urban networks of Khuzestan influenced by factors such as immigration do not have a spatial balance (and hence stability) currently. Interestingly, the results suggest that the spatial distance between the first city Ahwaz with other cities is growing exponentially.
    [Show full text]
  • Razianus Zarudnyi
    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3806, 26 pp. June 24, 2014 First reports of Razianus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iraq and Pakistan, descriptions of two new species, and redescription of Razianus zarudnyi H. MUHAMMAD TAHIR,1, 2 SHAHROKH NAVIDPOUR,3 AND LORENZO PRENDINI1 AbstraCT The scorpion fauna of Pakistan, like that of the rest of the Indian subcontinent, is poorly known and many new species may await discovery. We describe two new species of the buthid genus Razianus Farzanpay, 1987, i.e., Razianus birulai, sp. nov., and Razianus farzanpayi, sp. nov., the first records of this genus from Pakistan, raising the number of species in the genus to four and extending its distribution southeast. In addition, we redescribe the type species, Razianus zarudnyi (Birula, 1903), report the first record from Iraq, extending the distribution of Razianus further west, plot the known locality records of the three species occurring in Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan, and provide a key to their identification. KEYWORDS: Palearctic, biodiversity, systematics, taxonomy 1 Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 3 Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Khuzestan, Iran. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2014 ISSN 0003-0082 2 AMERICAN Museum Novitates NO. 3806 IntroduCtion Little attention has been paid to the scorpion fauna of Pakistan since Pocock’s (1900) mono- graph in the Fauna of British India series. Most works covering the systematics of Pakistani scorpions since 1900 did so in passing. For example, some of the species occurring within Paki- stan were treated in Tikader and Bastawade’s (1983) volume in the Fauna of India series.
    [Show full text]
  • Research in Traffic Injuries Data with Emphasis on Motorcycle in Dezful, Iran
    Research in Traffic Injuries Data With Emphasis on Motorcycle in Dezful, Iran Mazaheri M1, Keshavarzmohammadi N2*, Soori H3, Ramezankhani A4 1 Ph.D. in health education & promotion, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. 2 Ph.D. in health promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Public health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.3 Professor of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion, and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Ph.D. in Health Education, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Correspondence: Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi, Ph.D. in Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Public health, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: n_keshavars @ yahoo.com. ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Traffic injuries are a big problem in the world. Because Dezful has many motorcyclists, the decision was made to plan a comprehensive study on motorcycle-related injuries in which this study was part of this extensive research. Material and Methods: The purpose of this study was to identify existing information resources for planning about motorcycle events. To gather initial information, a participatory meeting was set up and asked the relevant organizations to provide information about the traffic injuries. In the following, referring to the relevant organizations, the data were collected and analysed. Results: One of the main findings of the study, a serious problem was with the management of information systems related to road traffic injuries, which revealed conflicting information. The results also showed that deaths from traffic accidents decreased but injuries were increasing.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection Survey on Tourism and Cultural Heritage in the Islamic Republic of Iran Final Report
    THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRANIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE, HANDICRAFTS AND TOURISM ORGANIZATION (ICHTO) DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON TOURISM AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2018 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY JTB CORPORATE SALES INC. INGÉROSEC CORPORATION RECS INTERNATIONAL INC. 7R JR 18-006 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON TOURISM AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ v Maps ........................................................................................................................................ vi Photos (The 1st Field Survey) ................................................................................................. vii Photos (The 2nd Field Survey) ............................................................................................... viii Photos (The 3rd Field Survey) .................................................................................................. ix List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................ x 1. Outline of the Survey ....................................................................................................... 1 (1) Background and Objectives .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]