LANDSCAPING FACULTY GARDENING TERRITORIES AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES ENGINEERING (code) 653H93003

IDALIJA BUZIENĖ

UPDATING MATERIAL OF STUDY SUBJECT FUNDAMENTALs OF DECORATIVE USAGE TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT ‘INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENGINEERING STUDY FIELD PROGRAMMES AND THEIR UPDATING BY CUSTOMIZING TO MEET COURSE DELIVERY NEEDS OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT THE LANDSCAPING FACULTY OF KAUNO KOLEGIJA/UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES‘ (VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-045)

Mastaičiai 2012 Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories

Study Subject Programme

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE

1. The Annotation: In the programme of studies course, the decorative-morphological and bioecological features of annual, biennial, perennial, bulbous and woody plants are disclosed. The knowledge and abilities are given by evaluating and applying the decorative plants in growing areas.

2. The Aim of the Programme: To describe and evaluate grass and woody decorative plants by choosing them for growing areas of different types.

3. The Length in Credits and Hours: Structure Length Practical In Study in Lectures, Consultations, Individual works, total: Assessment subject ECTS hours hours work, hours hours hours title credits Fundamentals of Accumulative Decorative Plants 9 52 52 16 120 240 evaluation Usage

4. Prerequisites: Information Technologies, a Foreign Language, Engineer Graphics and Drawing.

5. Links between Learning Outcomes and Intended Study Subject Outcomes and Student Achievement Assessment Methods Learning outcomes Study subject (module) Student achievement Study methods outcomes assessment methods 1. To know the Telling, explanation, Testing, frontal inquiry, morphological and demonstration, exam. bioecological characteristics brainsortming, group work Reading of individual To know the structure of of outside flowers and and claims provision in work, observation of growing areas, decorative decorative woody plants. virtual environment. verbal announcements. plants and their Individual work with characteristics, growing 2. To know the decorative software (NetOp School and conditions and usage in pecularities and application Flores – 2008). growing areas. possibilities of outside Writing a paper work. flowers and woody plants in Research report. growing areas. Telling, explanation, Testing, frontal inquiry, To understand the demonstration and claims exam. 1. To know the novelties of methods and ways of provision in virtual Reading of individual -growing of outside growing area and minor environment. work, observation of flowers. architecture design, Individual work with verbal announcements.

equipping and software (NetOp School and 2. To know the novelties of management of a growing Flores – 2008). Writing a woody plants. territory. paper work. Research report. To be able to gather the 1.To settle the compositions Telling, explanation, Testing, frontal inquiry, necessary for equipping of of decorative plants by demonstration and claims exam. the growing territory data, using various technologies. provision in virtual Reading of individual to analyse and evaluate environment. work, observation of them, to choose optimal 2. To know how to organize Individual work with verbal announcements. variants of project the technologies of software (NetOp School and implementation, to decorative plants Flores – 2008). Writing a suggest rational equipping supervision works. paper work. methods considering the Research report. environment, aesthetical and architectural aspects, economical factors and intended exploitation conditions, to prepare the project and implement it. Telling, explanation, Testing, frontal inquiry, 1. To be able to to choose demonstration and claims exam. To design the elements of the grass decorative plants provision in virtual Reading of individual teh growing area of the for growing areas of a farm. environment. work, observation of farm and organize the Individual work with verbal announcements. implementation of the 2. To be able to to choose software (NetOp School and project the woody decorative plants Flores – 2008). Writing a for growing areas of a farm. paper work. Research report.

6. Subject Study Plan: Contact hour number Total number of Seq. Individual Titles of key topics Practical hours for study No Lectures Consultations work hours works per topic 1 Botanical characteristics of 9 4 4 1 decorative plants 2 Annual and biennial flowers 4 4 1 9 in Lithuania and the EU 3 Perennial flowers 8 6 1 15 4 Bulbous and corm flowers 2 4 1 7 5 Roses 2 2 1 5 6 Plants of water ponds and 2 2 1 5 their coasts 7 Flowers for vertical growing 2 2 1 5 8 Flowers for rock-gardens 1 2 1 4 9 Flowers for balconies, vases 1 1 and terraces 10 Ecology of woody plants and 1 2 1 4 introductive regions 11 Conifer trees and bushes in 7 4 1 12 Lithuania and the EU 12 Deciduous trees and bushes 12 8 2 22 13 Woody decorative plants for 2 2 1 5 rock-gardens and support walls 14 Woody decorative plants for 2 4 1 7 colourful groups and accents 15 Trees and bushes for hedges 1 4 1 6 and decorative cutting 16 Trees and bushes in beautiful 1 2 1 4 blooms 17 Individual studies of 36 36 theoretical topics when preparing for intermediate tests (according the topics of subject) 18 Flowers in my surrounding 22 22 and their application possibilities (integrated individual work - research) 19 Making of flowers assortment 20 20 for X growing area (research) 20 Decorative trees and bushes in 22 22 a farm (paper work) 21 Making of flowers assortment 20 20 for X growing area (research) Total number of hours for subject 52 52 16 120 240 studies:

7. Practical (and/or laboratory) Work Topics: 7.1. Evaluation of morphological-decorative features of flowers. 7.2. Evaluation of bioecological features of flowers. 7.3. Main annual flowers. 7.4. Biennial flowers. 7.5. Perennial flowers of spring blossom. 7.6. Perennial flowers of summer blossom. 7.7. Perennial flowers of autumn blossom. 7.8. Bulbous flowers. 7.9. Corm flowers. 7.10. Roses. 7.11. Plants of water ponds and their coasts. 7.12. Flowers for vertical growing. 7.13. Rock-gardens flowers. 7.14. Decorative features of woody plants and ir their evaluation criteria. 7.15. Conifer trees. 7.16. Deciduous trees. 7. 17. Conifer bushes. 7.18. Deciduous bushes. 7.19. Plants suitable for hedges. 7.20. Plants for decorative cutting and growing in conteiners. 7.21. Plants for rows and avenues. 7.22. Decorative plants for making colours groups. 7.23. Trees and bushes in beautiful blooms. 7.24. Plants for pools and support walls. 7.25. Plants resistant to polluted cities air.

8. Subject study outcome assessment system: Individual Cumulative Index (IKI) Midterm exams make up a part of exam/individual paper (project) performed) IKI = 0.2 (S) + 0.3 (P) + 0.5 (E), where S – Individual Work papers, P – practical works, E – examination.

9. Learning Outcome Assessment Criteria: (Provided in a separate part of Description of the Study Programme, intended to be executed on the basis of recommendations approved by the Ministry of Education and Science) The outcomes of decorative plants usage fundamental are evaluated according the intended in the programme criteria.

LEARNING OUTCOME ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

Grade and brief description of Full description of knowledge and Full description of abilities

knowledge and understanding Pass Pass

abilities threshold

10 (excellent) Excellent, exclusive, comprehensive The student applies theoretical knowledge of art Excellent, exclusive knowledge of art. The student has studied and architecture very well. additional reading independently, very well He/she performs complicated non-standard tasks Passed knowledge and abilities understands and uses architectural terms, very well. thinks originally and independently. The Performance quality is perfect and exclusive. student has excellent skills of assessment. Expression and presentation skills are excellent. Excellent eligibility for further studies. The student is perfectly aware of what and why he/she does.

All objectives set have been achieved 9 (very good) Strong, good, exclusive, comprehensive The student applies theoretical knowledge of art Strong, good knowledge knowledge of art. The student has studied and architecture very well. and abilities additional reading independently, very well He/she performs complicated typical tasks understands the studied material, properly easily. uses architectural terms, and thinks Performance quality is very good. originally and independently. The student Expression and presentation skills are very good. has very good skills of assessment and The student is aware of what methods or synthesis. Very good eligibility for further techniques he/she applies and why. studies. No less than 90 percent of objectives set has been achieved 8 (good) Better than average knowledge of art. The The student applies knowledge of art and Knowledge and abilities student has familiarized himself/herself with architecture well. above average compulsory material, and is able to work He/she performs properly tasks of medium with additional reading independently, complicity and more difficult. understands the architectural terms and uses Performance quality is good. them properly. Good eligibility for further Expression and presentation skills are good. The studies. student is aware of methods and techniques to be applied.

No less than 80 percent of objectives set has been achieved 7 (good enough) Average knowledge of art, some minor Knowledge of art and architecture is applied Average knowledge and errors exist. The student has familiarized referring to the examples provided. Performance abilities, some minor himself/herself with key material, and quality is good. errors exist understands and uses the architectural terms The student correctly performs medium and principles. Provides arguments complicity tasks. Expression and presentation sufficiently well. Sufficient eligibility for skills are sufficient. further studies. No less than 70 percent of objectives set has been achieved 6 (satisfactory) Lower than average knowledge of art, some Knowledge of art and architecture is applied Knowledge and abilities mistakes are made. Knowledge is applied to referring to the examples provided. Performance (skills) lower than good solve not complicated practical problems. quality is satisfactory. enough, some mistakes The student has familiarized himself/herself The student is able to act by analogy, and exist. with the key material, grasps satisfactorily properly performs easy tasks, still does not architectural terms and is able to describe the understand more complicated ones. Expression information received in own words. When and presentation skills are satisfactory. analyzing, the student focuses on several aspects, still is not able to find a link between them. Satisfactory eligibility for further studies. No less than 60 percent of objectives set has been achieved 5 (satisfactory enough) Knowledge of art complies with minimum Minimal sufficient abilities to solve problems Knowledge and abilities requirements. referring to examples. (skills) comply with Knowledge is applied to solve non- The student is able to act by analogy. minimum requirements complicated practical problems. Expression and presentation skills are The student tends just to name the concepts satisfactory. and terms or retell the text. Answers are focused on one aspect. Minimum eligibility for further studies.

No less than a half of objectives set has been achieved

4 Unsatisfactory Knowledge of art does not comply with Abilities do not comply with minimum 3 No compliance minimum requirements requirements

Failed 2 with minimum 1 requirements Less than a half of objectives set has been achieved

* Knowledge may be assessed not only by points, but by a credit as well. Usually, examinations and final papers are assessed by a grade.

10. Attendance. Attendance of practical work sessions is compulsory.

11. Necessary Facilities and Learning Resources and their Brief Description:  (educational sofware, laboratory equipment, demonstration equipment, etc.)  Collective growing area with collections of outside flowers. Softwares NetOp School, Flores -2008. Multimedia.  Reference and other sources of information: Publis Information source (publication) Kaunas Seq. Publishing In hing author, title and identification location College In other libraries No. classrooms year number and house library (a tick-mark shall mean availability of the

source) Key Information Sources 1. 2009 YOUNG, Chhis. London √ Encyclopedia of garden design.* ISBN 9781- 40 -53 -2905 -7 2 2011 DIRR Mishell. . Portland √ Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs* ISBN 978-0882192-901-0 3 2008 LAWSON, Andrew. London √ Encyclopedia of planting combinations.* ISBN 97818453333263 4 2010 MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Mastaičiai √ √ Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis) 5 2004 NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Vilnius √ √ √ Dendrologija. ISBN 9986-09-286-8. 6 2007 VAIDELYS, Jonas, et al. Mastaičiai √ √ √ Gėlininkystė. [CD-ROM] ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5 Additional Reading 1. 1991 BALIŪNIENĖ, Angelė; ir √ √ √ JUODKAITĖ, Regina. Tulpės. Vilnius

2. 1983 BALIŪNIENĖ, Angelė; Vilnius √ √ √ SAMSONAITĖ, Julija; TARVYDAS, Jonas. Svogūninės gėlės. 3 2012 RYLIŠKIS, Darius, Dendrologijos Vilnius √ praktinių darbų užduotys.ISBN 978-1589482807 4 2010 BRISKELL,Cristoferr. London √ Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. ISBN-978-1-4053-5423-3.* 5 2012 BROOWN, G., The pruning of London √ trees, schrubs, and conifers. ISBN 9781604690026* 6 1988 DAINAUSKAITĖ, Danutė; ir Vilnius √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Ankstyvosios daugiametės gėlės. ISBN 5-420-00064-4 7 2010 BRISKELL,Cristoferr. London √ Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. ISBN-978-1-4053-5423-3.* 8 1995 JANUŠKEVIČIUS,Laimutis; Vilnius √ √ √ BARONIENĖ,Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. ISBN 9986-566-25-8. 9 2010 JONSON, Hugh. London √ Trees.* ISBN 9781- 84-533-055-2 10 2012 MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta: ir Kaunas √ √ BUDRIENĖ, Aušra. Profesine anglų kalba apie dekoratyviųjų augalų morfologiją ir bioekologiją. ISBN 978-9955-27-283-0 11 2008 MISIŪNAS, Donatas; ir Mastaičiai √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Lietuvos želdynų dekoratyviųjų žolinių augalų sortimentas –FLORES- 2008: taikomoji – šviečiamoji programinė įranga. ISBN 978-9955-27-123-9 12 2008 NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Kaunas √ √ √ Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4. 13 2001 VAIDELIENĖ, Janina; ir Kaunas √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Darželio gėlės.ISBN 9955-416-43-2. 14 2006 VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir Kaunas √ √ √ KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas. Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės. ISBN 9955-27-002-0 15 1997 VAIDELYS, Jonas; MAKŪNAS, Vilnius √ √ √ Vaclovas; PRAKAPAITĖ, Genė. Daugiametės gėlės. ISBN 9986-09-155-1. 16 1995 VAIDELYS, Jonas; MAKŪNAS, Vilnius √ √ √ Vaclovas; PRAKAPAITĖ, Genė. Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės ISBN 9986-09-094-6. 17 2008 MISIŪNAS, Donatas; ir Mastaičiai √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Lietuvos želdynų dekoratyviųjų žolinių augalų sortimentas –FLORES- 2008: taikomoji – šviečiamoji programinė įranga. ISBN 978-9955-27-123-9 18 2003 VAIDELIENĖ, Janina; ir Kaunas √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Daugiametės gėlės.ISBN 9955-416-70-X. 19 1977 VAIDELIENĖ, Janina; ir Kaunas √ √ √ VAIDELYS, Jonas. Gėlių karalystėje.ISBN 9986-520-68-1 20 2011 Gartengestaltung - Das große B.Huls, √ √ Handbuch: Design, M. den Gartenelemente, Pflanzen und Hertog- Gartenstil. ISBN 978-37667-1677- Vogt 8* 21 2011 K.NEUBAUER VON CALLWEY √ √ . Gartenschätze in Bayern: 70 Parks und private Gärten zum Entdecken und Genießen. ISBN 978-3-7667-1905-8* 22 2010 TOOMER, S.; Planting and Timber √ √ maintaining a tree collection. Press ISBN 9780881929300 Periodical Publications 1. 2003 HESSAYON, D.G. Kambarinės Vilnius √ √ √ gėlės. ISBN 978- 9955-21-151-8. 2. Garten und Landschaft Munchen, √ √ ISSN 0016-4720 Deutschland 3. Lanscape Architecture Washington √ √ ISSN 0023-8031 USA 4. Цветоводство Moskva √ √ ISSN 0041-4905 Rosija 5. Ландшафтный дизайн Moskva √ √ Be ISSN, UDK 712.01 Rosija 6. Rasos Kaunas, √ √ √ ISSN 2029-1140 Lietuva 7. Sodo spalvos Vilnius, √ √ √ ISSN 1392-5849 Lietuva 8. Mano gėlynas. Vilnius, √ √ √ ISSN 1648-4924 Lietuva Online Information Sources 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyclopedia of flowers http://www.flower- dictionary.com/list.html 4. Encyclopedia of flowers http://www.iflorist.co.uk tc-75- flower-encyclopedia.aspx 5. Reference Libarary- Science- HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 6 Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs - dictionary.com/list.html 7. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com 8. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 9. Flower Science Fair Projects and Experiments http://www.arboroy. org/

* - reference for foreign students

Subject Programme has been prepared by: lecturer Jolanta Margelienė and assitant Idalija Buzienė

Teacher coordinating the Subject: assitant Idalija Buzienė

LANDSCAPING FACULTY GARDENING TERRITORIES AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES ENGINEERING (code) 653H93003

JOLANTA MARGELIENĖ AUŠRA BUDRIENĖ

INDIVIDUAL WORK METHODOLOGY OF FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Mastaičiai 2012 THE AIM: 1. To recognize the decorative plants (outside flowers). 2. Ability to perform the analysis and synthesis of morphological and bioecological features of decorative plants (outside flowers). TASKS: 1. To describe the morphological and bioecological features of decorative plants (outside flowers). 2. To use the terms of occupational English language to describe the morphology and bioekology of plants. INTEGRATED IN INDIVIDUAL WORK SUBJECTS: 1. Fundamentals of decorative plants usage. 2. English language. INTEGRATION METHOD: Topical. INTEGRATION LEVEL: Conjunctive. NAME OF DERIVATIVE: Integrated individual work. STRUCTURE OF PAPER: INTRODUCTION TOPIC DISCLOSURE AND RESULTS ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS REFERENCE Introduction deals with the actuality, accuracy and tasks of the topic (2 – 4). Material provision – having choosed one outside flower (Annex 1), to describe in detail the morphological, decorative, bioecological characteristics and usage possibilities. To enter the data in the tables in Lithuanian and English languages. Task 1. To gather the data of biological characteristics of the chosen flower and fill in Table 1. To provide the answer in Lithuanian language in the first line and in English language in the second line. Table 1 Biological characteristics of X flower Seq. Botanical name of Picture of Family Bioecological Decorative Species The No the plant group features group grown in most Lithuania popular species 1. 2.

Task 2. To gather the data of morphological characteristics of X flower and enter them in Table 2. To provide the answer in Lithuanian language in the first line and in English language in the second line. Table 2 Morphological characteristics of X flower Seq. Botanical name of the Height of the Type of Type and Type and Number of No plant plant in branches colour of colour of seeds in 1 g cm blooms/blooms groups 1. 2.

Task 3. To analyse the characteristics of X flower growing location and to enter the data in Table 3. To provide the answer in Lithuanian language in the first line and in English language in the second line. Table 3 Characteristics of growing area of X flower Seq. Botanical name of the The most suitable soil Characteristics of growing area No plant

1. 2.

Task 4. To describe the decorative features of X flower and to enter the data in Table 4. To provide the answer in Lithuanian language in the first line and in English language in the second line.

Table 4 Decorative characteristics of X flower Seq. Botanical name of the plant Blossom time and Duration of Evaluation of No duration decorative features in decorative features in months points

1. 2.

Task 5. To determine the usage possibilities of X flower in growing areas and to provide the data in Table 5. To provide the answer in Lithuanian language in the first line and in English language in the second line. Table 5 Usage of X flower Seq. Botanical name Planting distances in Usage No of the plant centimetres

1. 2.

Task 6. To think 10 questions about the chosen X flower and to provide them in Lithuanian and English languages.

Conclusions and suggestions show the implementation of semester work aim and tasks disclosure. There should be the same amount of conclusion as tasks (they should be numbered). They should deal with the most important information. Suggestions should be provided.

CRITERIA OF INTEGRATED INDIVIDUAL WORK ASSESSMENT: Presentation in English language by using informational technologies and individual work in writing:  Meeting general requirements of paper (writing, performance period) – 10 per cent  Presentation in English language - 10 per cent  Content (implementation of aims) – 80 per cent.

INFORMATION SOURCES (the list is provided in alphabetical order): 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (Part I). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. II dalis. Vilnius, 1995. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Annex 1 TASK: To choose one outside flower and to perform the integrated individual work.

Outside flowers

Ser. Name of flower Name and last name of a student, No group 1. Flossflower 2. Common Snapdragon 3. Chinese Aster 4. Hybrid Petunia 5. Garden Sage 6. Mexican Marigold 7. Hybrid Verbena 8. Common Zinnia 9. Common Hollyhock 10. English Daisy 11. Canterbury Bells 12. Japanese Anemone 13. Hybrid Columbine 14. Alp Aster 15. Leather Bergenia 16. Carpathian Harebell 17. Fringed Bleeding-heart 18. Purple Coneflower 19. Indian Blanketflower 20. Lemon Day-lily 21. Fortuna Hosta 22. Hybrid Iris 23. English Lavender 24. Chinese Peony 25. Oriental Poppy 26. Moss Phlox 27. True Oxlip 28. Goldmoss Stonecrop 29. Lamb's Ear 30. Common Periwinkle 31. Horned Violet 32. Spring Pheasant's-eye 33. Thunbergia Astilbe 34. European Bellflower 35. Big-flowered Foxglove

LANDSCAPING FACULTY GARDENING TERRITORIES AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES ENGINEERING (code) 653H93003

JOLANTA MARGELIENĖ

INDIVIDUAL WORK METHODOLOGY OF FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE

Mastaičiai 2012

NAME OF DERIVATIVE: Individual Work - Research. THE AIM: To make an assortment from outside flowers. TASKS: 1. To encourage the students to analyse individually the questions of subject. 2. To develop the interest to new literute sources of the subject and ability to use them. 3. To form the summing-up of the gathered material and conclusions provision. STRUCTURE: CONTENT INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS REFERENCE Introduction deals with the actuality, aim (1) and tasks ( 3 – 5 ) of that topic. Having gathered the literature in the results analysis part, to use it by revealing the aim of research and to fill in the table: Seq. Name of Height Planting Soil Characteristics Colour Colour Blossom Duration Usage No plant of the distances of growing of of duration of (English- plant in in the area leaves blooms decorative Latin), cm flower features picture of garden, in months plant cm 1.

Conclusions and suggestions show the implementation of the goal and tasks reveal. There should be the same amount of conclusion as tasks. They should deal with the most important information.

EVALUATION: Evalaution Criteria 10 (excellent) The content has been analysed in detail and fluently according all provided requirement points. Student can analyse, summarize and make conclusions. The newest reference has been used which is indicated when writing a paper. The research corresponds writing requirements. The research is original. Individual opinion and considerations have been provided and defended. 8 (good) The research material is well and clearly disclosed. Student can analyse, summarize and make conclusions. The paper has formalizing shortages. 7 (sufficiently) Individual work is provided sufficiently well. The topic disclosure is not provided successively, the structural parts of paper are not revealed. There has not been used reference in the research. 6 (satisfactory) The research is shallow and contains gramatical mistakes. Only one author has been quoted. 5 (low) The issues have not been analysed sufficiently. Only internet reference has been used. The amount is not sufficient. Summing-up and individual opinion are missing. 4 (unsatisfactory and less) The presentation of research misses structural parts. Not all questions have been revealed. Reference is not indicated. Partially plagiarized paper.

INFORMATION SOURCES: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. II dalis. Vilnius, 1995. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Lecturer Jolanta Margelienė

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

TOPIC: ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL FLOWERS IN LITHUANIA AND EU

1. Topic structure: by analysing the topic of Annual and biennial flowers will be analysed and provided the information about the morphology, bioecology and adaptation possibilities in growing territories of annual and biennial outside flowers. 2. Length in hours: 4 academical hours are intended for topic delivery. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: telling, explanation, demonstration. 4. Methodical representation of the topic: Aim: to know the main annual and biennial outside flowers, their morphological- bioecological features and usage possiblities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad.

ANNUAL FLOWERS

Annual flowers are decorative plants growing one vegetation season. They are classified as following: 1. Ordinary annual flowers sowed in beds and breeding seeds outside. 2. Unordinary annual flowers of Southern origin where they grow like perennial flowers flowers (marigolds, petunias, zinnias). According the vegetation period, annual flowers are classified as following: 1. Long vegetation – the seeds are sowed in January or March (begonias, petunias, sages, zinnias, blue minks, gillyflowers). 2. Medium vegetation – the seeds are sowed in March or April (China Aster, snapdragons). 3. Short vegetation – the seeds are sowed in April or May (Cosmos flowers, Rhodanthes). Annual flowers have the following main features:  All ordinary annual flowers reproduce in seeds.  Unordinary annual flowers can reproduce in seeds and sprouts.  Light relishing.  Damp demanding.  Have long blossom period.

1

 Wide adaptation possibilities – in small beds, clombs, groups, rock-gardens, pots, balconies, edges, vases and for gathering. Flowers having the best acclimatization in a particular place, easily and quickly reproducing, distinguishing by extraordinary decorative features are called the main annual flowers. Main annual flowers differ in different countries and it depends not only on the assortment conditioning reasons but on the traditions of the country as well. Main annual flowers are suitable for various parterres. Summer Rainbow, Common Zinnia, Night - scented Stock, White Stock, Petunia Hybrid, Petunia, Surphynia, Chinese Aster, Mexican Marigold, French Marigold, Signet Marigold, Garden Sage, Verbena Hybrid, Common Snapdragon, Flossflower.

BEGONIA - BEGONIA L.

Begoniaceae family. About 1000 species of this genus begonias are known. The following two kinds are grown in Lithuanian parterres as annual flowers: Wax Begonia (B. semperflorens Link. et Otto) and Graceful Begonia (B. gracilis N. B. Kr.).

Wax Begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link. et Otto).

Wax Begonia can be of two garden groups: Wax and Graceful. To Wax Begonia group, plants growing up to 30 - 50 cm height, little divaricate with big and glossy leaves and large up to 5 cm diameter blooms are attributed [2]. To Graceful Begonia group, Begonias growing up to 12 - 25 cm height, much divaricate with small green or purple leaves are attributed. Begonias tolerate dries, they like sunny areas. They can also grow in shadow. Outside Begnias grow in acidic soil - pH 4.5 – 5.5.

2

Wax Begonias can be planted in small beds, clombs, parterres, various flower gardens, balconies and on graves.

3

ZINNIA - ZINNIA L.

Asteraceae family. Genus include 15 species. Common Zinnia (Z. elegans Jacq.) is most commonly and Narrow- Zinnia (Z. angustifolia H. B. K.) is more rarely grown in Lithuania.

Common Zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.).

4

The height of plant is 40 -100 cm. It has many roots. Stems are vertical, solid, branchy, covered with grey pubescence. Blooms consist of - composites, multicoloured, up to 12 cm in diameter. Blossom in from July to October. According height and truss shape zinnias are classified into 7 groups. Seeds are shell , in Lithuanian climate conditions mature in September. It is a woody plant [2]. Zinnias are light and warm relishing flowers, however, they do not tolerate dries in which their trusses become smaller, the colour becomes pale and the leaves fade. In dry period zinnias are largely watered. Zinnias are adapted in parterres, cemeteries, balconies, pots, they are suitable for gathering.

Narrow-Leaf Zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia H. B. K.).

The plant has compact and very branchy trusses, 30 - 35 cm in height. Blooms are of 4.5 – 5.0 cm diameter, brown with yellow edge on tongue-shaped trusses. One plant grow 30 - 35 trusses.

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Start blossom at the end of June and blossom 120 - 130 days. The seeds are breeded. It is a woody plant. Zinnias are widely grown in parterres of all kinds of annual flowers, cemeteries and balconies. Gathered blooms keep fresh in water for 10-12 days, they can be dried.

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STOCK - MATTHIOLA R. BR.

Brassicaceae family plants. About 50 species are known. In Lithuania two following introduced species are grown - Gillyflower and Evening Stock. Gillyflower (Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.) The height of the plant is 20 - 90 cm. The stem is grassy, woody in the lower part, straight, little branchy. Roots are stemy and sparse. Blooms can be simple and double, multicolour and odorous. Only stocks in single blooms breed the seeds. Its is silique. According the development cycle, stocks are classified into winter (M. incana R. Br. var. hiberna frort.) and summer or typical annual (M. incana R. Br. var. annua Voss.). Summer stock can have single and double blooms. The sprouts of more grassy in more intensive green colour leaves usually grow up single blooms. The sprouts of stock in double blooms are greyer and scarcer. Up to 70 - 90 per cent of stocks of newer species have double blooms. All Gillyflowers relish sun and limy, damp, heavy soil. Freeze resistant. High temperature and long droughts make stock less decorative. Gillyflowers are suitable for small beds of annual plants, in groups together with other annual flowers. As gathering flower can be grown outside and in greenhouses.

Evening Stock (Matthiola bicornis (Sibth. et Smith) DC).

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The height of the plant is 40 - 45 cm. The leaves are grey, lanceolate, small blooms of 1.5 cm diameter, lilac rosy, opening on dull days, evenings, nights and mornings. Have a very strong odour. Recommended for small beds of flowers, edges, flower gardens, balconies, in the groups of annual flowers in parks and meadow lawns. It is suitable for gathering and making small posies with kind odour.

PETUNIA - PETUNIA JUSS. Solanaceae family. Genus include about 20 species. Hybrid Petunia is most widely grown in the parterres of Lithuania. Characteristics of garden groups of Hybryd Petunia [3]

Group Characteristics of plant Characteristics of bloom Number of days from Botanical sowing to English name height, cm Shape Diameter, cm Shape name blooming Petunia hybrida Petunia multiflora hybrida nana 20-25 Compact 6-3 m Smooth 70-75 nana compacta compacta P. h. m. nana Garden 3-40 Compact 6-7 Corrugate - flore pleno Petunia

P. h. Large-leaved iki 60 Sprawling 8-10 Smooth 80-90 grandiflora Petunia

P. h. Low Large- grandiflora 25-30 Compact 8-10 Smooth 80-90 leaved Petunia nana P. h. Curly Large- grandiflora leaved Low iki 75 Bushy 10-12 Corrugate 85-95 fimbriata Petunia P. h. Low Large- grandiflora 25-30 Compact 10-12 Corrugate 85-95 leaved Petunia fimbriata nana P. h. Elegant Large- Wavy edges, grandiflora 70-75 Sprawling 10-12 85-95 leaved Petunia wide tongue superbissima P. h. Low Elegant grandiflora Smooth edges, Large-leaved 30-40 Compact 10-12 85-95 superbissima wide tongue Petunia nana P. h. Double Large- grandiflora 50-60 Sprawling 10-12 Double - leaved Petunia flore pleno Leaning P. h. pendula Large-leaved 80-90 Leaning 6-7 Smooth 70-75 Petunia

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Hybryd Petunia (Petunia x hybrida Vilm.).

Hybryd specy is originated from naturally growing species of petunia - P. axillans, P. violacea. Plants have little roots system; however, their stem is very branchy, vertical or semi going up stems. According the height, Petunias are classified into low (up to 25 cm in height), medium size (26 - 35 cm) and high (higher than 35 cm). They have overlapping, round oval and very pilose leaves. Blooms are regular, pentasectional, multicolourful, single or double, 5 - 10 cm in diameter. Fruit is a multispeed box with 100 - 300 seeds. People started growing Petunia in Europe in 1820. The first Petunias with double blooms people started growing in the middle of the XIX century. A little later Petunias with curly edges of blooms were derived in Germany (P. x h. grandiflora fimbriata). Petunias are perennial plants, however, in Lithuania they are grown as annual flowers. Petunias are not soil demanding, they grow evenly well in light and heavier soils. They are light relishing, groughts resistant, do not tolerate longer flood. They are not resistant to frosts, thus, they are planted outside after the frosts have already finished. Hybryd Petunias are widely grown in various parterres of annual flowers: in groups, small beds, flower gardens, pots and balconies as well as light cemeteries.

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CALLISTEPHUS - CALLISTEPHUS CASS.

Asteraceae family plant. Genus includes 1 specy. There are various classifications of callistephus, the main distinctive feature of which is the structure of truss (balance of tube and tongue trusses).

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Classification of callistephus [3]

Class Group Tube Tube Common Tarpiniai Semi double Crown Curly Radial Tongue (wide-crowned) Needle Semi round Round

Chinese callistephus (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.).

It has trussy roots, thus, callistephus can be planted out in various development stages. The stems are more or less branchy depending on the group. Trusses are composite shaped. Seeds become mature only in tube blooms. Callistephus are short-day plants with long vegetation period. High (60 - 80 cm in height) and giant (higher than 80 cm) species are planted at a distance of 40 - 50 cm, medium flowers (30 - 60 cm) are planted at a distance of 30 - 40 cm and low flowers (up to 30 cm height) are planted at a distance of 20 - 30 cm. It is grown in beds (1.2 m in width) or in two-row lines [4]. Callistephus are light relishing, freeze resistant plants. Grow well in soils of various kinds, thus, they tolerate more light soil. Soil pH 7 - 8. Callistephus can be gathered. They are widely grown in parterres. Low compact callistephus are planted in small beds, edges, they are suitable for gathering.

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MARIGOLD – TAGETES L.

Asteraceae family. There are known about 20 species. In Lithuanian parterres, three species are widely grown: Mexican Marigold, French marigold and Signet Marigold.

Mexican Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.).

It has very trussy roots. Mexican Marigolds grow up to 45 - 100 cm height, a truss is of upside-down pyramid shape, compact or branchy. Central sprout finishes in large truss of composite shape (5 - 10 cm in diameter), when come into blossom, it has already 3 - 5 side sprouts formed which finish in trusses of composite shape. It has green feathery leaves. The lower part of the stem has little leaves because all leaves and blooms are concentrated at the top of truss. Blooms (tongue and tube) are always monocoloured – from light yellow to dark orange. Fruit is dark grey or black shell-fruit. According to height, Mexican Marigolds are classified into low – up to 45 cm, medium - up to 60 cm, high - up to 90 cm and giant – higher than 90 cm. According to the colour of blooms group, Mexican Marigolds are classified into grayish yellow, light yellow, golden yellow and orange. Marigolds are shadow and droughts tolerating plants, however, they are warm relishing. Best they grow in loam fertile soils. From sowing to butonization pass 30 - 60 days and come in blossom after 50 - 80 days. They blossom plentifully and for long time.

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Mexican Marigolds are suitable for planting in groups, in the parterres of annual flowers together with other flowers, for edges, flower gardens; they are grown in pots and balconies.

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French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.).

These plants have very branchy or kompact trusses, from 15 to 60 cm in height. Leaves are unpaired feathered, opposite or overlapping, dark or light green. Blooms groups are 4 - 6 cm in diameter, composite shape, simple, semi double or double, monocolourful or bicolourful, have various yellow shades, bright orange or reddish brown. According the height, French Marigolds are classified into 4 groups: high (50 - 60 cm), medium (40 - 50 cm), low (25 - 40 cm) and very low (15 - 25 cm) [3]. Used for edges, in groups, parterres, clombs and for gathering.

Signet Marigold (Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.).

Annual flower growing up to 25 - 30 cm height. The plant is plentfully branchy, compact, round-shaped. Blooms groups are simple composites, monocolourful or bicolourful, yellow and orange, 1.5 cm in diameter [2]. Used for edges, in clombs , cemeteries, balconies and pots.

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SAGE - SALVIA L. (TOURN.)

Lamiaceae family plant. Genus includes 700 species. Meadow Sage grows locally in Lithuania and has a decorative value. It has violet and rosy blooms. Garden Sage, introduced from Brasil and cultivated from 1822 is most commonly grown in gardens. Garden Sage (Salvia splendens Sello ex Nees).

The height of the plant is from 15 to 100 cm. Has a vast roots system. The stem is four-edged and depending on shape is more or less branchy. The leaves are opposite, wide, egg-shaped. Blooms group is a truss with blooms located in verticals, 2 - 6 in each. The blooms are irregular with double perianth, bright red, more rarely purple, blue or white. The fruit is a nutlet. Sages start blossom at the end of May - in June depending on the specy and time of sowing. Blossom until frosts. One bloom blossoms 2 - 3 days.

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Sages relish sunny areas and damp, not overfertilized soils. Sages are suitable for various flower gardens of annual flowers, large areas, small beds, clombs, low and shaped palnts are suitable for edges, balconies and growing.

VERBENA - VERBENA L.

Verbenaceae family plant. About 80 species are known. Hybrid Verbena is the most widely spread in flower gardens of Lithuania, more rarely Candian, Common, Stiff, Mild Verbena are found. Hybrid Verbena (Verbena x hybrida Voss.).

The roots are trussy, vast, located on the surface layer of the ground. The stems are vertical or raising, 20 - 50 cm in height. Trusses are compact or creeping and scarcely branchy. The leaves are

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opposite, of various shaped, with jagged edges and pilose. Blooms group is umbrella elongate spica. it has 35 - 55 regular multicoloured, monocoloured or bicoloured blooms. The fruit is a stick - shaped nutlet. Verbenas are light and warm relishing, drought tolerating flowers. Not soil demanding. Verbenas grow well in salty soils and scarcely in shadow. Hybrid Verbenas are classified into two main garden groups: Large-flowered and Low compact. Large-flowered Verbenas grow up tp 40 - 50 cm and low ones are of 20 - 30 cm height [2]. The distinctive features of Verbena species are the size and colour of the bloom as well as the colour and shape of the midlle pore of the bloom. Verbenas are suitable for small beds, edges, groups, flower gardens and balconies. Compact species are grown in pots and the blooms groups of high Large-flowered Verbenas are suitable for small posies.

SNAPDRAGON - ANTIRRHINUM L. Scrophulariaceae family. Genus includes 32 species. Common Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) is prevalent in Lithuania. Common Snapdragon is the most popular specy. Common Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.).

Snapdragons have taproots. The stems are branchy, in the second half of summer the lower their part becomes woody. The leaves are green, rosily green, in the lower part of the stem opposite, the upper ones are overlapping, lanceolate or oblong oval. The blooms in the truss are irregular, of original shape, multicolourful. One bloom on average blooms for 12 days, all plant blooms for 3 –

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3.5 months. The blooms start blossoming from the lower part of the truss and 2 blooms start blossom in every truss every 6 - 8 days. The fruit is an oblique egg-shaped box. Snapdragons are freeze resistant, light relishing, not soils demanding, however, they grow and fit better in lighter fertile soils. Snapdragons are classified differently, however, all they are grouped according the height. Great snapdragons grow up from 90 to 130 cm, high species are of 60 - 90 cm height, medium - 45 - 60 cm, low - iki 45 cm. these features of the plant commonly condition their aoolication possibilities. Great and high snapdragons can be grown for gathering (outside and in greenhouses) and medium and low ones are grown in small beds , groups, edges as well as balconies [1].

WHITEWEED - AGERATUM L.

Asteraceae family. About 40 species are known. One introduced specy is grown in the flower gardens of Lithuania – Flossflower (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.). Flossflower (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.).

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The roots are trussy. The stems are vastly branchy and depending on the specy are 10 - 60 cm in height, very rhomboid, oval, the lower ones are opposite with a stem, the upper ones are overlapping, alomst stemless. The blooms groups are composite, concentrated into umbrella complex shields. The blooms are blueish, blueish with lilac shade, blue, and white and rose. The fruit is a shell-fruit. Starts blossom in June and blossom vastly until the first frosts to which Flossflowers are sensitive. Flowers are light relishing including the ones growing in partial shadow. They can grow in limy soils. Many species are derived which differ by their appearance and height. Flossflowers of high species grow up to 25 - 45 cm, semi high species grow up to - 20 cm and very low species grow up to 10 - 15 cm. According the shape of a truss, Flossflowers are classified into compact and branchy [5]. Flossflowers are used in flower fields, gardens, balconies, for gathering and in light cemeteries.

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BIENNIAL FLOWERS

Biennial flowers are flowers which blossom and reproduce in the second living (vegetation) year. Part of biennial flowers can start blossom in the first year of sowing (Pansies, Daisies), the others survive in the second year and proceed to vegetate (Clove Pinks and Sweet Williams, Rose Mallows, Daisies, etc.). Such flowers are called unordinary biennial flowers. Most biennial flowers blossom in spring or at the beginning of summer when annual flowers are not in blossom and biennial flowers blossom scarcely. Clove Pink, Sweet William, Canterbury Bells, Pansy, Wood Forget-me-not, Alp Forget-me-not, High Rose Mallows, English Daisy.

PINKS - DIANTHUS L.

Caryophyllaceae family. Genus includes about 300 species. From biennial species, Clove Pink and Sweet William are grown.

Clove Pink (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).

Clove Pinks are usually annual and biennial. Accordingly, these groups are classified into remontant and nonremontant, i.e. continually blossoming and one time blossoming. To the specy of Clove Pinks, or Dutch pinks, the pinks of biennial ’Grenadin’ groups are also attributed. These are perennial plants, however, they vastly blossom and develop best in the second growing year. Grow

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up to 50 - 70 cm. the blooms are double or single (4 - 5 cm in diameter), odorous and multicolourful. The fruit is a box in which dark seeds breed. The leaves are linear and blueish grey. Freeze and droughts resistant because the leaves are covered with with wax layer. Light relishing. Relish damp, fertile, loam or lighter but well fertilized with organic fertilizers soils. Also grow in limy soils. Do not tolerate standing surface water in spring [4].

Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus, L.).

It is a perennial plant, however, commonly grown as a biennial plant. The stems are vertical, 40 - 60 cm in height, very opposite, lanceolate and green. Blooms are single and double, multicolourful, often speckled, concentrated into multiflorous shields. Blossom in May - July, in the second year after sowing. Breeds seeds well.

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Grow in fertile humous soils. Light relishing. The plants are widely grown in various flower gardens, small beds, clombs, edges, planted in groups, grown in pots and gathered.

BELLFLOWER - CAMPANULA L.

Campanulaceae family. About 250 species are known. From biennial bellflowers, Canterbury Bell is grown in Lithuania (Campanula medium L.). Canterbury Bell (Campanula medium L.).

The plant has a vast roots system. Grow up to 40 - 80 cm. the stem is vertical, stiff and unbranchy. All plant is covered with rough pubescene. Flowery stems are grown in the second year. The blooms are white, rose, lilac, blue, large are 6 - 8 cm in length, 5 - 6 cm in diameter, single or double. Blossom in the second half of June [2].

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The flower is light relishing and grows in limy soils. Suitable for growing in groups or as a solitaire, in small beds, for gathering and in clombs.

PANSY - VIOLA (TOURN.) L.

Violaceae family. 400 species and many subspecies are found. There are 18 species of Pansies in Lithuania. Most of them grow naturally in forests, ditches: Hairy Violet, Slopes Violet, Elegant Viola, Forest Viola, Common Dog-violet, High Viola, Mountain Viola, Swamp Viola, Peat Viola and others; in meadows - Rock Violet, Slopes Violet, Heartsease, Heath Dog-violet; in seaside sands – Sea Slopes Violet; in soils – Field Pansy. All these species are oddly decorative, however, not grown in growing areas. Three species of pansies are grown in public growing areas of Lithuania: Sweet Violet, Horved Violet and Garden Pansy (biennial). Garden Pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.).

The plant has vast trussy roots. The stems of pansies are very branchy and leafy. The blooms are of 3.5 – 7.0 cm diameter and multicolourful. According this, 15 garden groups are distinguished. The fruit is a box. The height of flowers is very different depending on the group and specy. Pansies relish fertile, more damp loam soils of neutra reaction, vastly fertilized with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Grow well in sunny or semi shadow areas. Needs watering during the droughts because with the lack of water the blooms become small, the plants stop blossom or totally dry. Pansies are used in pots, balconies, as well as for growing in cemeteries, they are grown in small beds, balconies, clombs, pots, the blooms are gathered.

WOOD FORGET-ME-NOT - MYOSOTIS L.

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Boraginaceae family. Genus includes 50 species. In Lithuanian flower gardens, the following two species of Forget-me-nots can be grown: Alp and Wood. Wood Forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm..)

It is a grass plant of 15 - 45 cm height. The stem of root is thin and branchy. It has one or several stems which are vertical, or raising, covered with fluffy pubescence. The blooms group is of spin shape. The corolla at the beginning of blossom is rose, later is becomes blue and sometimes white. The plant is in blossom in May - June [2]. The plants are freeze resistant, they grow well in drained soils and sunny or semi shadow areas. They are suitable for planting in small beds, edges, clombs, groups, flower areas and pots, balconies and gathered.

Alp Forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris F.M.Schmidt.).

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It is a perennial grass plant of 5 - 20 cm height grown as a biennial plant. The root stem is horizontal and short. It has several stems which are commonly branchless and vastly pilose. The lower leaves are of spade shape and the upper ones are lanceolate. The blooms group is hook- shaped. The corolla is large, 0.7 – 1.0 cm in diameter and blue. The plant is light relishing, growing in partial shadow. Forget-me-nots are suitable for planting in small beds, edges, clombs, in groups, flower areas and pots, balconies and for gathering.

ROSE MALLOW - ALCEA L.

Malvaceae family. About 25 species are known. For long time, the High Rose Mallow was grown and is more and more rarely now found in the gardens. High Rose Mallow (Alcea rosea L.).

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The flower has taproots, thus in later development stages should not be replanted. In the first year, rosette grows up comparing large 5 – 7 pieaces leaves. A strong straight stem grow in the second year. The height of flowers is 200 - 250 cm. leaves and stems are covered with rough pubescence. The blooms are large, yellow, white, rose, red, violet, single or double, located in the axil of leaves. The diameter of the bloom is 10 - 15 cm. the blooms are fixed to the stem with short pedicel. The plant blossoms in July - September [3]. The plant relishes sunny areas and fertile lighter soils and do not relish damp soils. The plant is suitable for groups, planting near the walls, fences and for gathering. Solitaire.

DAISY - BELLIS L.

Asteraceae family. About 10 species are known. English daisy is the most widely grown specy in Lithuania, often becoming wild. English daisy (Bellis perennis L.) .

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The roots are trussy and vast. The stems are flowering; the leaves are skroteliniai and wintering. The blooms groups are composite, situated on leafless, covered with small pubescence peduncle of 15 - 20 cm height. Tube-shaped blooms are yellow, tongue-shaped, multicolourful, commonly white, reddish, red and rose. The blossom starts early (as soon as the snow melts) and continues about 1 – 1.5 month. During damper year blossom longer. In a normally developed truss, 10 and more blooms blossom at the same time. Repeatedly but not so vastly daisies blossom in autumn [4]. Grows well in heavy loam fertile soils, in sunny and shadow areas. Usually daisies sow themselves naturally in lawns, they become wild and occupy all lawn if it is a parterre and not a meadow. Daisies are suitable for various flower gardens and for gathering.

5. Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Vienmetės ir dvimetės flowers. Gėlininkystė. II dalis. Vilnius, 1995. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

31 Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

TOPIC: CONIFER TREES AND BUSHES IN THE GROWING AREAS OF LITHUANIA AND THE EU

Topic structure: To analyse the conifer trees and bushes grown in Lithuania and the EU Length in hours: 7 hours, intended from 4 hours In theoretical lectures, the description of plants as well as their decorative features are discussed Prevelance in Lithuania and the EU. Usage.

PART 1 Pinophyta CLASS 3. Pinopsida YEW - TAXUS L.

Yew (Taxaceae) family. Genus include 8 species. 4 species are grown in Lithuania. European Yew – Taxus baccata L. Prevalent in all Europe. Grows up to to a tree of 17m or a lower bush. The crown is egg- shaped, dense, often multitop. The stem is ribbed, the bark is thin, young reddish brown, smooth, later is becomes cracky and peels in pieces. Annual and biennial sprouts are green and ribbed. Buds are tiny and round. Flowery buds already in autumn become larger than decious. The spines are flat with dark green glossy top part and light green lower part, 20-30mm in length and 2-3 mm in width. In horisontal sprouts the spines are divided into two sides. The size of seed is 6-8mm, like acorn, with red pericap which breeds in August-September. It grows slowly and lives for 1-2 thousand years. Grows well in fertile soils. Sensitive to dries. Tolerates well shadow. Reproduces in seeds, species reproduce in slips. All parts of the plant except aril are very poisonous. The plant is very decorative. To be planted individually, in groups, hedges, for decorative cutting, in decorative pots. More common species: 'Adpressa', 'Adpressa Aurea' – young spines are bright yellow, mature spines are yellowish green, 'Fastigiata' is a widely colonial crown with raising up dense branches, 'Fastigiata Aurea' are young spines with widely yellow edges. 'Repandens' is a bush of up to 0.5 m height with groundling branches. FIR – ABIES Mill. Pinaceae family. Genus include 45 species. There are 20 species introducted in Lithuania. Balsam Fir – Abies balsamea ( L.) Mill. Prevalent in Norther America. It is a tree of 15-25m height with smooth grey bark and many resin bladders. Young sprouts are greyish yellow and pilose. Buds are round, resinous and small. Spines are 15- 25 mm in length and 1.5 mm in width, curved into both sides. The upper part of spines is dark green and in the lower part there are two white stripes. Cones are vertical, oval and terete, 6-10cm in length, young spines are dark violet, mature ones are greyish brown, become mature in September and soon fall apart. Freeze resistant, tolerate shadow, averagely soil and damp demanding. Reproduced in seeds. To be planted individually and in groups. In growing areas, 'Nana' specy growing up to 1m height is met. They are semi round-shaped, dense low plants. White Fir - Abies concolor (Gord. et. Glend.) Lindl. Ex Hildebr. Prevalent in Norther America. Trees of 25-40m height. Bark of young plants is light grey, older trees have grey deeply cracked bark. Buds are round and resinous. Spines are 40-60 mm in length, 2-2.5mm in width, located in two or four rows, often falciform hooked. In the lower part of spines there are two blueish grey small stipes and the upper part is greyish blue or green. Cones are 7-14 cm in length, covering scales are short and hidden between seed scales. Cones become mature in September. Reproduced in seeds. Freeze and droughts resistant. More light relishing. Grows rather quickly. Planted individually and in groups. More common species: 'Violacea' – spines white-blue, 'Candicans' – spines silver-white, 'Glauca', 'Compacta' – low, widely conical tree. Siberian Fir – Abies sibirica Ledeb. Prevalent in West, Middle and partially East Siberia. A tree of up to 30 m height with narrow conical crown, smooth grey bark with many resin bladders. Sprouts are yellowish grey. Lower branches lean to the ground and root in it. Buds are round, brownish and very resinous. Spines are 20-30mm in length, soft, little fluffed and directed to the top of the sprout. The upper part of the spine is dark green, glossy, in the lower part of the spine there are two small white strings. Cones are conical, 5-9cm in length, young cones are brownish red, mature cones are light brown. Seeds become mature in the second part of September. Grow in various soils. Totally freeze resistant. Reproduced in seeds. Planted individually and in groups.

SPRUCE – PICEA A. Dierr. Pinaceae family. Genus include about 40-50 species. One specy grows locally and there are about 20 introduced in Lithuania. Norway spruce – Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Prevalent in Europe. It is a tree of 30-50 (58)m height with straight terete stem becoming conical at the top. The bark of young plants is smooth and light brown, later it appears flat red cracks. Sprouts are reddish brown. Buds are conical, sharp, reddish brown and unresinous. Spines are dark green, glossy and four-edged. There are light and shadow relishing spines. Light relishing spines are more round, stiff, bend-breaking, more or less fixed to small branches vertically. Shadow relishing spines are flatter, not bend-breaking, more often found in the lower part of the crown. Microstrobilus are oval after 1.5-2.0cm in length, rose and purple. Macrostrobilus are oval, 2.5 in length, purple, rose or light green. Cones are roll-shaped, 10-16cm in size, young cones are green or rose, mature ones are brown. Scales are rhomboid, irregularly cutted, with wavy edges and stiff. Blossom in the second part of May, cones become mature in October. Grows quickly. Tolerate sandy loam and loam fertile and averagely fertile soil. Can also grow in wet soil. Tolerate shadow. Resistant to freeze, suffer from spring frosts. Has a surface system of roots, in wet growing areas is pulled out by wind. Sensitive to polluted cities air. Reproduced in seeds, slips and grafting. In growing areas planted individually, in groups, avenues and hedges. Many species of Norway Spruce are grown in farms and parks: 'Inversa', 'Pendula', 'Procumbens', Tabuliformis, Columnaris, 'Cupressina','Echiniformis', 'Little', 'Nidiformis', 'Echiniformis', 'Acrocana'. White Spruce – Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Grows locally in North America. It is a tree of 15-35m height with dense conical crown. Bark is thin and greyish brown, sprouts are light, almost white. Buds are oval, blunt with curved scales. Spines are 8-18mm in length, four-edged, blueish green, hooked, fluffed and dense. Cones are roll-shaped, 3-6cm in length, unmature cones are green, mature ones are light brown with thin elastic round small scales. Blossom on the first days of May. Grow averagely quickly. Less soil demanding. Droughts resistant, tolerates shadow. Reproduced in seeds, slips and grafting. In growing areas grown individually, in groups, breeded in dense lee walls, green walls and hedges. More common variets and species: 'Conica', 'Sanders Blue', ' Alberta Globe', Echiniformis'.

Blue Spruce – Picea pungens Engelm. Prevalent in North America. It is a tree of 20-45m height. The crown is conical and regular. The branches of the trees growing in open area lean to the ground. Bark is greyish brown, deeply cracked. Sprouts have orange shading and are a little thick. Buds are large, conical with curved scales. Spines are 15-30mm in length and fluffed around sprout, stiff, sharp, four-edged, green with blueish shading, to shape bright blue or silver. Cones are 50-10cm in length, roll-shaped, young cones are greenish yellow, mature ones are light brown. Scales are rhomboid, soft, with jagged edges. Blossom in May, cones become mature in September. Grow rather slowly. Not soil demanding, resistant to dries, windfall, polluted cities air, tolerate shadow, however, more decorative trees grow up only in open areas. Reproduced in seeds and grafting. Planted individually, in groups in parks, farms or cities growing areas. More popular species: 'Glauca', 'Koster', 'Glauca Procumbens', 'Glauca Globosa'. Engelman‘s Spruce - Picea engelmannii Paryy ex Engelm. Grows locally in the mountains of North America. It is a tree of 30-50m height. The crown is conical and narrow. The bark is light brown and cracked. Sprouts are yellowish brown. Buds are conical. Spines are 20-30mm in length, flexible, sharp, four-edged, blueish green, less fluffed and not so sharp ias of Blue Spruce. Cones are roll-shaped, 4-7cm in length, unmature prinokimo claret, mature light brown. Grows slowly. Not soils demanding. Freeze resistant. In Lithuanian growing areas grown like Blue Spruce. Reproduced in seeds. More common species: 'Glauca'. TSUGA Carr. Pinaceae family. 10 species prevalent in North America, Japan, China and Himalayas. Two species are introduced in Lithuania: Canadian Hemlock and Northern Japanese Hemlock. Canadian Hemlock - Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Prevalent in North-East of North America. A tree of 25- 30m height with wide, conical crown and horisontal branches. Bark is dark brown and deeply cracked. Sprouts are thin, yellowish brown. Buds are small and oval. Spines are 5-15mm in length, the widest near the basis, become narrower at the top with blunt tops. Side sprouts are separated into two rows. The upper side of spines is dark green, glossy, in the lower part of spines there are two white stripes. Spines are of different length. One row of spines is directed in back side through the sprout where two white stripes are visible. Cones are egg-shaped, 15- 25mm in length, light brown with round scales. Blossom in May, cones become mature in October - November. Grow slowly. Suffer from big freeze and frosts, do not tolerate dry climate, sensitive to cities air. It is considered the most tolerating shadow conifer tree except yew. Grow best in fertile semidamp soil. Reproduced in seeds, species are reproduced in slips. In growing areas planted individually and in groups, suitable for hedges. Common species: 'Nana', 'Jeddeloch', 'Pendula' PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. Pinaceae family plant. Two following species are infroduced in Lithuania: Douglas Fir and White Fir. Douglas Fir – Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Prevalent in North America. A tree of 50-75(115)m height with widely conical crown and horisontal branches. Bark is dark brown and deeply cracked. Spines are 15-25(35)mm in length, separated and curved into two parts, flexible. The upper part of the spine is green, glossy, in the lower part there are two blueish stripes. Cones are 7-10cm in length, brown. Covering scales are not curved. Blossom in the first part of May, cones become mature in September, in dry weather scale out quickly and after one year fall down. Grow quickly. Grow best in deep, semidamp loam or sandy loam. Sensitive to the lack of air dampness. Light relishing. Sensitive to polluted cities air. Reproduced in seeds. In growing areas planted individually and in groups. LARCH – LARIX Mill. Pinaceae family plant. Genus include about 20 species. Nine species are grown in decorative growing areas of the Republic. European Larch – Larix decidua Mill. Prevalent in Middle and East Europe. A tree of up to 30-50m height. The crown is wide, conical with horisontal branches, thin small branches of which are leaned to the ground. Bark at the beginning is smooth, later becomes thick, deeply cracked along, reddish brown. Sprouts are yellowish, straws-coloured. Buds are egg- shaped or round. Spines are blunt, light green, grow in trusses of 30-40, 15-30mm in length. Cones are egg-shaped, 2- 4 cm in length, mature light brown and very resinuous. Blossom with opening spines at the end of April and at the beginning of May. Cones become mature in September - October.

Grows quickly. Relish fertile sandy loams and loams of average dampness. Has a wide and deep roots system. Light relishing, freeze resistant, averagely resistant to polluted cities air. Grown in parks, squares by planting individually and in groups. Common specy in farms: 'Pendula. Japanese Larch – Larix leptolepis (Siebold et Zucc.) Gord. Prevalent in Japan. A tree of up to 30m height. Has a wide crown with horisontal branches and slightly raised tops. Bark is rosily brown and deeply cracked. Young sprouts are rosily brown. Buds are rosily brown. Spines grow in 30-40 trusses, 15-40mm in length, blueish green, there are two blueish small stripes in the lower part of spine. Spines early become yellow. Sporiphicates and opens the spines at the end of April. Cones become mature at the end of August and at the beginning of September, the scales immediately open and the seeds fall down. Scaled out cones remind the bloom of rose. Grows quickly. Very decorative. Planted individually or in groups. More common species: 'Diana', 'Blue Dwarf'.

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

TOPIC: BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DECORATIVE TREES AND BUSHES. CONIFER TREES AND BUSHES IN LITHUANIA AND THE EU

1. Topic structure: by analysing the botanical characteristics, information about crowns, leaves, blooms, fruit and bark will be provided. Conifer trees and bushes growing in Lithuania and the EU are introduced. 2.The Length in hours: 4 academic hours are intended for topic delivery. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: lecture, demonstration During theoretical lecture, description, decorative features of plants and their prevalence and usage in Lithuania and the EU are revealed.

1. MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS OF WOODY PLANTS 1.1. Stem and bark

The appearance of the tree is partially conditioned by the stem. The appearance of bushes is conditioned by main branches and stems. Trees with thick stem are especially evaluated for flowering trees. The stem of the tree growing in an open area is usually low, thick and for this reason that tree looks good. The stems of old trees are especially decorative and the stems of different kinds of trees have different decorative expression. It depends not only on the thickness of the stem but on the knottyness, snagness, humpness and roe of the surface. The bark consists of epithelium, bast and cambium. When the tree grows, epithelium becomes thicker and cracky, this way forming the bark with typical to that tree specy pattern. Like the stem, the pattern of the bark is valuated from decorative point of view. The pattern of the bark can reveal the specy of the tree. Trees have longitudinal and transversal pattern of the bark. The bark of Cypress family trees is particularly expressive. Thicker bark is more cracky, thus, its pattern is clearer. This is characteristical feature of oaks, ashes and willows. Tinier pattern have the barks of Common Maple and Small-leaved Lime. The bark of Common Beech and Common Hornbeam remains uncracky till their old age. An exceptional look have the thickness and pattern of the stem and bast of pines and birches. The stems of old Silver Birch cover with thick cracked blackish or grey external surface of the bark. Bark of Silver Birch is thin, uncracky, white, smooth and peels in transversal stripes at higher level. The bast bark of Common Pine is thick, dark grey or brown, cracky in oblong pieces and the bast bark of the stem is thin, yellowish brown, smooth and peels in thin pieces.

1.2. Crown

The entirety of branches and leaves make the crown of the trees and the crown and stem make common view of the tree. The crown of different kind of the tree has a particular shape, density and expression. The shape of crown changes with the growing tree. The crown of most trees can be defined in particular geometrical shape. Common Maple and Common Ash have oval crown, egg-shaped crown have Small-leaved Lime, contraversal to egg-shaped crown have Mountain Elm, round crown have Common Hornbeam, umbrella crown have Common Oak, pendulum crown have Silver Birch, conical crown have Norway spruce, colonial crown have White Cedar. The crown of bushes can have the same geometrical shape as trees: oval, round, egg-shaped, pillow-shaped and creeping.

1.3. Leaves

According their component parts, leaves of trees and bushes can be classified to simple and complex. Simple leaves have one lamina and complex leaveas consist of many separate small leaves every of which have longer or shorter stem and in a particular order is fixed to the stalk. Simple leaves have different shapes: round, triangle, rombe, lanceolate, egg-shaped, linear. All leaves are solid and unbroken. Usually leaves the cuttings of edges of which divide the leaf into pieaces are called pedate leaves. There can be tripple-pedate, penta-pedate, etc., palma pedateand feathery pedate leaves. Complex leaves are called feathery leaves. Feathery leaves with one unpaired small leave at the top are called unpaired feathery and other small leaves laid in pairs are called paired feathery. Small leaves are fixed to the common stalk in overlaping order are called overlapped feathery and one against each other fixed leaves are called opposite feathery. Feathery leave repeatedly divided into feather fixed small leaves is called twice feathery. Complex leaves from which small leaves open from one opint like fingers to both sides are called finger-shaped. The leaves of trees and bushes are commonly green, still, some decorative species can have red, yellow, speckled, etc. From decorative point of view, the leaves of most trees and bushes change their colour in autumn. On eof them become brightly yellow, light purple or dark purple, the others – golden yellow or light brick colour.

1.4. Blooms, strobilus and fruits

Blooms of trees and bushes are unisexual and bisexual, sometimes agamic. Monoecious plants are the plants with male and female blooms. Dioecious plants are the plants with male blooms one and with female blooms separate plant. The blooms and trusses of decorative trees and bushes correspond previously in the first part of the book described text. The strobilus of Pinophyta trees are always unisexual: female are macrostrobilus and male are microstrobilus. Macrostrobilus consist of seed and covering scales – macrosporofiles. Macrosporofiles are located on the axis in spiral rows, one against each other or in verticils three in each. Growing macrostrobilus become woody and breed a cone. For example, the seed scales of juniper are juicy, do not become woody, thus, its cone is similar to a berry. Microstrobilus consist of many scales located in spiral rows one against each other or in verticils three in each – microsporofiles to which mikrosporangiums are fixed. A lot of microspores covered with external layer form. Microspores are with 2 air bladders or without them. After throwing microspores, microstrobilus dry and fall down. Macrosporofiles of Pinales family trees are very changeable, become woody, skinny or fleshy and concentrate in cones. The cones of the largest Pinales family plants consist of many seed and covering scales located in spiral rows. There are two seeds on a seed scale. The seed scales of pines cones are thick, stiff and with a shield. When the scales become close together, the shields cover all surface of the cone. Covering scales are fixed to the basis of seed scale. Cones of pines mature in the second year. Seed scales of spruces are thin, usually skinny and stiff. Covering scales are small and underbreeded. The seed is fixed in a bulbous spoon-like basis from one side. The cones of spruces breed up and mature in one year. Some Cypress family plants (juniper) have soft and fleshy seed scales, thus, their cones are not typical and are more likely to berries. Although, at the top remained traces reveal that in the past macrostobilus consisted of three verticilly located macrosporophiles. The cones of many species breed up for two years.

PART 1 Pinophyta CLASS 3. Pinopsida YEW - TAXUS L. Yew (Taxaceae) family. Genus include 8 species. 4 species are grown in Lithuania.

European Yew – Taxus baccata L.

Prevalent in all Europe. Grows up to to a tree of 17m or a lower bush. The crown is egg- shaped, dense, often multitop. The stem is ribbed, the bark is thin, young reddish brown, smooth, later is becomes cracky and peels in pieces. Annual and biennial sprouts are green and ribbed. Buds are tiny and round. Flowery buds already in autumn become larger than decious. The spines are flat with dark green glossy top part and light green lower part, 20-30mm in length and 2-3 mm in width. In horisontal sprouts the spines are divided into two sides. The size of seed is 6-8mm, like acorn, with red pericap which breeds in August-September. It grows slowly and lives for 1-2 thousand years. Grows well in fertile soils. Sensitive to dries. Tolerates well shadow. Reproduces in seeds, species reproduce in slips. All parts of the plant except aril are very poisonous. The plant is very decorative. To be planted individually, in groups, hedges, for decorative cutting, in decorative pots. More common species: 'Adpressa', 'Adpressa Aurea' – young spines are bright yellow, mature spines are yellowish green, 'Fastigiata' is a widely colonial crown with raising up dense branches, 'Fastigiata Aurea' are young spines with widely yellow edges. 'Repandens' is a bush of up to 0.5 m height with groundling branches.

FIR – ABIES Mill.

Pinaceae family. Genus include 45 species. There are 20 species introducted in Lithuania.

Balsam Fir – Abies balsamea ( L.) Mill.

Prevalent in Norther America. It is a tree of 15-25m height with smooth grey bark and many resin bladders. Young sprouts are greyish yellow and pilose. Buds are round, resinous and small. Spines are 15- 25 mm in length and 1.5 mm in width, curved into both sides. The upper part of spines is dark green and in the lower part there are two white stripes. Cones are vertical, oval and terete, 6-10cm in length, young spines are dark violet, mature ones are greyish brown, become mature in September and soon fall apart. Freeze resistant, tolerate shadow, averagely soil and damp demanding. Reproduced in seeds. To be planted individually and in groups. In growing areas, 'Nana' specy growing up to 1m height is met. They are semi round-shaped, dense low plants.

White Fir - Abies concolor (Gord. et. Glend.) Lindl. Ex Hildebr.

Prevalent in Norther America. Trees of 25-40m height. Bark of young plants is light grey, older trees have grey deeply cracked bark. Buds are round and resinous. Spines are 40-60 mm in length, 2-2.5mm in width, located in two or four rows, often falciform hooked. In the lower part of spines there are two blueish grey small stipes and the upper part is greyish blue or green. Cones are 7-14 cm in length, covering scales are short and hidden between seed scales. Cones become mature in September. Reproduced in seeds. Freeze and droughts resistant. More light relishing. Grows rather quickly. Planted individually and in groups. More common species: 'Violacea' – spines white-blue, 'Candicans' – spines silver-white, 'Glauca', 'Compacta' – low, widely conical tree.

Siberian Fir – Abies sibirica Ledeb.

Prevalent in West, Middle and partially East Siberia. A tree of up to 30 m height with narrow conical crown, smooth grey bark with many resin bladders. Sprouts are yellowish grey. Lower branches lean to the ground and root in it. Buds are round, brownish and very resinous. Spines are 20-30mm in length, soft, little fluffed and directed to the top of the sprout. The upper part of the spine is dark green, glossy, in the lower part of the spine there are two small white strings. Cones are conical, 5-9cm in length, young cones are brownish red, mature cones are light brown. Seeds become mature in the second part of September. Grow in various soils. Totally freeze resistant. Reproduced in seeds. Planted individually and in groups.

SPRUCE – PICEA A. Dierr.

Pinaceae family. Genus include about 40-50 species. One specy grows locally and there are about 20 introduced in Lithuania.

Norway spruce – Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.

Prevalent in Europe. It is a tree of 30-50 (58)m height with straight terete stem becoming conical at the top. The bark of young plants is smooth and light brown, later it appears flat red cracks. Sprouts are reddish brown. Buds are conical, sharp, reddish brown and unresinous. Spines are dark green, glossy and four-edged. There are light and shadow relishing spines. Light relishing spines are more round, stiff, bend-breaking, more or less fixed to small branches vertically. Shadow relishing spines are flatter, not bend-breaking, more often found in the lower part of the crown. Microstrobilus are oval after 1.5-2.0cm in length, rose and purple. Macrostrobilus are oval, 2.5 in length, purple, rose or light green. Cones are roll-shaped, 10-16cm in size, young cones are green or rose, mature ones are brown. Scales are rhomboid, irregularly cutted, with wavy edges and stiff. Blossom in the second part of May, cones become mature in October. Grows quickly. Tolerate sandy loam and loam fertile and averagely fertile soil. Can also grow in wet soil. Tolerate shadow. Resistant to freeze, suffer from spring frosts. Has a surface system of roots, in wet growing areas is pulled out by wind. Sensitive to polluted cities air. Reproduced in seeds, slips and grafting. In growing areas planted individually, in groups, avenues and hedges. Many species of Norway Spruce are grown in farms and parks: 'Inversa', 'Pendula', 'Procumbens', Tabuliformis, Columnaris, 'Cupressina','Echiniformis', 'Little', 'Nidiformis', 'Echiniformis', 'Acrocana'.

White Spruce – Picea glauca (Moench) Voss

Grows locally in North America. It is a tree of 15-35m height with dense conical crown. Bark is thin and greyish brown, sprouts are light, almost white. Buds are oval, blunt with curved scales. Spines are 8-18mm in length, four-edged, blueish green, hooked, fluffed and dense. Cones are roll-shaped, 3-6cm in length, unmature cones are green, mature ones are light brown with thin elastic round small scales. Blossom on the first days of May. Grow averagely quickly. Less soil demanding. Droughts resistant, tolerates shadow. Reproduced in seeds, slips and grafting. In growing areas grown individually, in groups, breeded in dense lee walls, green walls and hedges. More common variets and species: 'Conica', 'Sanders Blue', ' Alberta Globe', Echiniformis'.

Blue Spruce – Picea pungens Engelm.

Prevalent in North America. It is a tree of 20-45m height. The crown is conical and regular. The branches of the trees growing in open area lean to the ground. Bark is greyish brown, deeply cracked. Sprouts have orange shading and are a little thick. Buds are large, conical with curved scales. Spines are 15-30mm in length and fluffed around sprout, stiff, sharp, four-edged, green with blueish shading, to shape bright blue or silver. Cones are 50-10cm in length, roll-shaped, young cones are greenish yellow, mature ones are light brown. Scales are rhomboid, soft, with jagged edges. Blossom in May, cones become mature in September. Grow rather slowly. Not soil demanding, resistant to dries, windfall, polluted cities air, tolerate shadow, however, more decorative trees grow up only in open areas. Reproduced in seeds and grafting. Planted individually, in groups in parks, farms or cities growing areas. More popular species: 'Glauca', 'Koster', 'Glauca Procumbens', 'Glauca Globosa'.

TSUGA Carr.

Pinaceae family. 10 species prevalent in North America, Japan, China and Himalayas. Two species are introduced in Lithuania: Canadian Hemlock and Northern Japanese Hemlock.

Canadian Hemlock - Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.

Prevalent in North-East of North America. A tree of 25- 30m height with wide, conical crown and horisontal branches. Bark is dark brown and deeply cracked. Sprouts are thin, yellowish brown. Buds are small and oval. Spines are 5-15mm in length, the widest near the basis, become narrower at the top with blunt tops. Side sprouts are separated into two rows. The upper side of spines is dark green, glossy, in the lower part of spines there are two white stripes. Spines are of different length. One row of spines is directed in back side through the sprout where two white stripes are visible. Cones are egg-shaped, 15- 25mm in length, light brown with round scales. Blossom in May, cones become mature in October - November. Grow slowly. Suffer from big freeze and frosts, do not tolerate dry climate, sensitive to cities air. It is considered the most tolerating shadow conifer tree except yew. Grow best in fertile semidamp soil. Reproduced in seeds, species are reproduced in slips. In growing areas planted individually and in groups, suitable for hedges. Common species: 'Nana', 'Jeddeloch', 'Pendula'.

PSEUDOTSUGA Carr.

Pinaceae family plant. Two following species are infroduced in Lithuania: Douglas Fir and White Fir.

Douglas Fir – Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

Prevalent in North America. A tree of 50-75(115)m height with widely conical crown and horisontal branches. Bark is dark brown and deeply cracked. Spines are 15-25(35)mm in length, separated and curved into two parts, flexible. The upper part of the spine is green, glossy, in the lower part there are two blueish stripes. Cones are 7-10cm in length, brown. Covering scales are not curved. Blossom in the first part of May, cones become mature in September, in dry weather scale out quickly and after one year fall down. Grow quickly. Grow best in deep, semidamp loam or sandy loam. Sensitive to the lack of air dampness. Light relishing. Sensitive to polluted cities air. Reproduced in seeds. In growing areas planted individually and in groups. LARCH – LARIX Mill.

Pinaceae family plant. Genus include about 20 species. Nine species are grown in decorative growing areas of the Republic.

European Larch – Larix decidua Mill.

Prevalent in Middle and East Europe. A tree of up to 30-50m height. The crown is wide, conical with horisontal branches, thin small branches of which are leaned to the ground. Bark at the beginning is smooth, later becomes thick, deeply cracked along, reddish brown. Sprouts are yellowish, straws-coloured. Buds are egg- shaped or round. Spines are blunt, light green, grow in trusses of 30-40, 15-30mm in length. Cones are egg-shaped, 2- 4 cm in length, mature light brown and very resinuous. Blossom with opening spines at the end of April and at the beginning of May. Cones become mature in September - October.

Grows quickly. Relish fertile sandy loams and loams of average dampness. Has a wide and deep roots system. Light relishing, freeze resistant, averagely resistant to polluted cities air. Grown in parks, squares by planting individually and in groups. Common specy in farms: 'Pendula'

Japanese Larch – Larix leptolepis (Siebold et Zucc.) Gord.

Prevalent in Japan. A tree of up to 30m height. Has a wide crown with horisontal branches and slightly raised tops. Bark is rosily brown and deeply cracked. Young sprouts are rosily brown. Buds are rosily brown. Spines grow in 30-40 trusses, 15-40mm in length, blueish green, there are two blueish small stripes in the lower part of spine. Spines early become yellow. Sporiphicates and opens the spines at the end of April. Cones become mature at the end of August and at the beginning of September, the scales immediately open and the seeds fall down. Scaled out cones remind the bloom of rose. Grows quickly. Very decorative. Planted individually or in groups. More common species: 'Diana', 'Blue Dwarf'.

PINE – PINUS L.

Genus includes about 100 species (the largest genus of Pinaceae family). Common Pine grows locally and there are about 20 introduces species in Lithuania.

Common Pine – Pinus sylvestris L.

It is the most common specy. A tree of 20-40m height with straight running stem. The bark of young trees is conical, later oval, old trees have tracery bark. At the beginning the branches are vertical, later grow irregulary. Bark is rosy brown, thick and deeply cracked. Buds are branched and conical. Spines grow in trusses of 2, 4-7cm in length. The convex side of spines is green and the concaved side is blueish. Commonly, the light relishing spines are of brighter blue colour. Microstrobilus are yellow and concentrated in several tens around the basis of sprout, macrostrobilus grow in groups of 1, 2 or 3 at the top of a new sprout, near the upper bud they are rosy. Cones are 3-6cm in length, oval or egg-shaped. The shield is rhomboid with light brown knoll in the middle. Sporiphicates in the second part of May, cones become mature in September – October of next year and scale out in spring in April-May of the second next year. Grows quickly. Not soil and damp demanding. Often grows in nonfertile dry sands and upland moors. Light relishing. Very sensitive to polluted cities air. Reproduced in seeds and specy grafting. The following species are grwon in growing areas: 'Fastigiata', 'Watereri', 'Gold Con', .Variegata'.

Black Pine – Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold

Prevalent in Middle and South Europe as well as Little Asia. A tree of 20-40m height. The crown is widely oval, old trees have umbrella-shaped crowns. Stem is running. Bark is blackish grey, deeply cracked. Sprouts are thick, yellowish brown and glossy. Buds are conicle, light brown and resinous. Spines grow in trusses of 2, 8-14cm in length, dense, sharp and dark green. Cones are 4-7cm in length, light brown. Shields have one bright transverse edge each and small thorn. Sporiphicates at the end of May - June. Microstrobilus are oblong oval yellow or yellowish rosy. Macrostobilus are egg-shaped or oval, located in groups of 1-3 at the top of long sprout, rosy coloured. Cones become mature in October of next year, scale out in spring and fall down in summer. Grows quickly. Not fertile soil and damp demanding. Freeze and polluted cities air resistant. Reproduced in seeds and specy grafting. Grown in parks and decorative species are grown in farms. More common species: 'Piramidalis', 'Spielberg', var. Nigra, 'Nana'.

Mountain Pine – Pinus mugo Turra

Prevalent in Middle and West Europe mountains. A small tree of 8-10m height with close crown or creeping wide bush. Sprouts are dark brown, buds are brown conical and resinous. Spines are 3-8 cm in length, dense, dark green, grow in trusses of 2. Cones are egg-shaped, conical, fixed in sprouts in groups of 1-3, shields are brown, often protuberant. Sporiphicates at the end of May – at the beginning of June. Microstrobilus are yellow. Macrosporophillus are oval and purple. Cones become mature in August of the next year and in sunny weather start scaling out. Grows slowly. Naturally spread in soil of uneven fertility and dampness, most often in limy soil. Can grow in not fertile, sea-washed blown sand and in dry slopes. Freeze and droughts resistant. More resistant to polluted cities air than Common Pine. Reproduced in seeds and specy grafting. In growing areas planted individually and in groups. Also planted in edges. Used for decorative cutting. More common species: 'Gnom', 'Humpy', 'Mops', 'Ophir', 'Winter Gold'. Most popular in Lithuania species: P.m. var. pumilio, P.m. var. Mughus.

Balcan Pine – Pinus peuce Griseb.

Grows locally in the mountains of Balcan peninsular. A tree of 10-20 m height. Has a dense, narrow, conical, leaning low crown with close branches. Bark is greyish brown, flat cracked. Sprouts are greenish and thick. Buds are conical and resinous. Spines are 7-10 cm in length, stiff, blueish green, grow in trusses of 5. Cones are terete, 8-15 cm in length, light yellowish brown and resinous. Scales are glossy like patent-leather. Sporiphicates at the end of May – at the beginning of June. Macrostrobilus are oblong egg- shaped, rosy. Microstrobilus are oblong egg-shaped, yellow with rosy shade. Cones become mature at the end of August and soon scale out. Grows slowly. Averagely soil and damp demanding. Freeze, frosts and rust resistant. Reproduced in seeds. Planted individually and in groups.

2. Reference and other Information Sources: Year Author, name and identification In a library Ser. Place of of number of information source of Kaunas I classrooms In other libraries No issue issue (periodical) College (a tick-mark shall mean availability of the

source) Key Information Sources

1 2011 DIRR Mishell. . Portland √ Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs* ISBN 978-0882192-901-0 25-90 psl. 2 2004 NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Vilnius √ √ √ Dendrologija. ISBN 9986-09-286-8. 118-160 psl. Additional Reading 1 2010 BRISKELL,Cristoferr. London √ Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. ISBN-978-1-4053-5423-3. 2 1995 JANUŠKEVIČIUS,LaimutisBAR Vilnius √ √ √ ONIENĖ,Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. ISBN 9986-566-25-8. 3 2010 JONSON, Hugh. London √ Trees.* ISBN 9781- 84-533-055-2 4 2008 NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Kaunas √ √ √ Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 14

TOPIC: DECORATIVE FEATURES OF WOODY PLANTS AND ITS EVALUATION CRITERIA Intended for 2 hours

1. The aim of Practical Work: To know how to evaluate the decorative features of trees and bushes. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know the decorative features of trees and bushes.  To know how to assess the decorative features of trees and bushes.  To assess the decorative features of leaves, blooms and fruit of the provided woody decorative trees and bushes.  To assess the decorative features of 10 deciduous and 5 conifer species growing in the collections of Kaunas College Landscaping Department. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening and observation, individual learning. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Woody decorative trees and bushes.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: The decorative features of the plant are conditioned by its morphological characteristics. The decorative features of trees and bushes are conditioned by the form of crown, the decorative features of leaves, blooms, fruit, blossom and period of decorative features presence. Decorative features of leaves. It is conditioned by the form of leaves, colour in summer and autumn, combinations of other colours and gloss. The decorative features of leaves are evaluated visually. Decorative features of blooms. The decorative features of blooms are conditioned by the form, size, brightness, colour and blossom duration of a bloom/truss. Decorative features of fruit and fruit canopies. The decorative features of fruit of some woody decorative trees and bushes are conditioned by their colour and form. Form of a crown. The crown can be of the following types: conical, egg-shaped, pendulum, roll, oval, spindle-shaped, colonial and openwork umbelliferous. Blossom period. The beginning of blossom is considered when start blossom 10 per cent of blooms, mass blossom: when blossom more than 50 per cent of blooms and the end of blossom: when remain 10 per cent of blooms.

Decorative features period is determined by evaluating the aforementioned criteria of decorative features. For the determination of decorative features period, index Dt expressed in months is added. The most essential are the following criteria: decorative features of leaves, blooms and fruit. They are marked provided that one of the aforementioned criterion is decorative:

Dt1– 1 months;

Dt2 – 2 months;

Dt3 – 3 months.

Assessment of decorative features. The assessment is made in points. The decorative features of trees and bushes are conditioned by the decorative features of leaves, blooms, fruit and crown and the period of decorative features presence. They are marked as follows:

D1 = L + Ž + V + L + Ž < 6.

D2 = L + Ž + V + L + Ž = 7 - 11.

D3 = L + Ž + V + L + Ž = 12 – 17.

D4 = L + Ž + V + L + Ž = 18 – 23.

D5 = L + Ž + V + L + Ž > 23.

D1 - very few decorative. D2 – little decorative. D3 – medium decorative. D4 – decorative. D5 – very decorative.

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using the periodical and student‘s knowledge, the following table is made:

Name of plant Living Lajos form Colour of Colour of Blossom Decorativ form leaves in blooms period e features autumn and summer

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of trees and bushes?

2. What conditions the decorative features of leaves?

3. What conditions the decorative features of blooms?

4. How are the decorative features of crown assessed?

5. How is the blossom duration determined?

6. How are the decorative features of trees and bushes assessed?

INFORMATION SOURCES:

Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference

1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs - dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 15

TOPIC: CONIFER TREES IN LITHUANIA AND THE EU Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize conifer trees and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know conifer trees.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of conifer trees. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Debates, demonstration.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative conifer trees in the growing sites of College.

Task:

1. To recognise conifer trees.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of conifer trees.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Conifer trees are the trees attributed to Pinophyta or Gymnosoermae plants group of pine class. In our forests, only two types of trees of this group are common: Common Pine and Common Fir. However, in decorative growing sites, more than 600 species are grown.

Most of conifer trees have verticil branches: main branches grow in groups of several and are directed against each other. Each year they form one verticil of branches. Verticil position of branches particularly is seen on young trees. The main branches of the stem of Spruces, Pseudotsugas, Firs and Larches grow not only in verticils but also between them. The branches of the trees growing in open areas are green for long time and go down to the ground. The lower branches of decorative conifer trees are not pruned and taken away, unless they are diseased and dry. Most conifer trees are evergreen plants, thus, in decorative growing sites such trees take an important place. In parks, squares and larger farms conifer trees are grown in large groups, groups or individually. In small sites we can admire small conifer trees of different appearance.

The most popular conifer trees are the following:

Norway Spruce – Picea abies

White Spruce - Picea glauca

Blue Spruce - Picea pungens

Engelmann spruce – Picea engelmanii

Serbian Spruce - Picea omorika

Scots Pine - Pinus sylvestris

Macedonian Pine - Pinus peuce

European Black Pine - Pinus nigra

Oregon Pine – Pseudotsuga menziesii

White Fir - Abies concolor

Siberian Fir - Abies sibirica

Balzam Fir - Abies balsamea

European Larch - Larix decidua

Japanese Larch - Larix leptolepis

White Cedar - Thuja occidentalis

Lawson Cypress – Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Sawara Cypress – Chamaecyparis pisifera Work proceeding:

2. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4.By using the periodical JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams, and student‘s knowledge, the following table is made:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of conifer trees?

2. What conditions the decorative features of spines?

3. What conditions the decorative features of bark?

4. How are the decorative features of the crown evaluated?

5. How are conifer trees reproduced?

6. What are the needs of conifer trees for soil and light?

Information Sources:

Key: 1. DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2. NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3. NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 16

TOPIC: CONIFER BUSHES Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize conifer bushes and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know conifer bushes .  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of conifer bushes. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Debates, listening and observation.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative conifer bushes in the growing sites of College.

Task:

1. To recognise conifer bushes.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of conifer bushes.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Conifer bushes are the bushes attributed to Pinophyta or Gymnosoermae plants group of pine class. In our forests, only one specy of this group of plants is common: Common Juniper. However, in decorative growing sites, more than 600 species are grown.

Most conifer plants are evergreen plants, thus, in decorative growing sites such trees take an important place. In parks, squares, farms and territories of companies conifer bushes are grown in groups or individually. Also, we can admire small conifer bushes of different appearance.

The most popular conifer bushes are the following:

Common Juniper 'Repanda' – Juniperus communis 'Repanda'

Common Juniper 'Depressa Aurea' – Juniperus communis 'Depressa Aurea'

Common Juniper 'Green Carpet' – Juniperus communis 'Green Carpet'

Savin Juniper 'Tamarscifolia' – Juniperus sabina 'Tamarscifolia

Savin Juniper 'Variegata' – Juniperus sabina 'Variegata'

Chinese Juniper 'Gold Star' - Juniperus chinensis 'Gold Star'

Chinese Juniper 'Plumosa Aurea' - Juniperus chinensis 'Plumosa Aurea'

Chinese Juniper 'Expansa Variegata' - Juniperus chinensis 'Expansa Variegata'

Flaky Juniper 'Meyeri' - Juniperus squamata 'Meyeri'

Flaky Juniper 'Blue star' - Juniperus squamata 'Blue star'

Flaky Juniper 'Blue carpet' - Juniperus squamata 'Blue carpet'

Saybrook Gold Juniper 'Pfitzeriana' - Juniperus x media 'Pfitzeriana'

Saybrook Gold Juniper 'Pfitzeriana Aurea' - Juniperus x media 'Pfitzeriana Aurea'

Saybrook Gold Juniper ' Gold Coast'- Juniperus x media 'Gold Coast'

Creeping Juniper 'Golden Carpet' – Juniperus horizontalis 'Golden Carpet'

Creeping Juniper 'Prince of Wales' – Juniperus horizontalis 'Prince of Wales'

Creeping Juniper 'Wiltonii'– Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii'

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions

4.By using the periodical JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams, and student‘s knowledge, the following table is made:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of conifer bushes?

2. What conditions the decorative features of spines?

3. How are the decorative features of the crown assessed?

4. How are the conifer bushes reproduced?

5. What are the needs of conifer bushes for soil and light?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 17 TOPIC: DECIDUOUS TREES Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize deciduous trees and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know deciduous trees.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of deciduous trees. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening, observation and individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous trees in growing sites of College.

Task:

1. To recognise deciduous trees.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of deciduous trees.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Deciduous trees are flowering plants attributed to Magnoliophyta or Angiospermae family. Filogenetically they are younger and adapted better to the conditions of environment than conifer trees. There are about 300 thousand species of deciduous plants. 22 species of this group of plants are common in Lithuania. About 3 thousand of taxon deciduous trees, bushes, lianas are grown in growing sites, the majority of which are introducted and brought from abroad to Lithuania. Deciduous plants are more commonly grown in city streets, squares, parks and gardens because they are more viable, they better bear unfavourable growing conditions, are less sensitive to pruning and mechanical damages. Deciduous trees have particularly decorative blooms of bright colours or ornaments and jagged leaves. Red, yeallow, speckled or jagged plants of different kinds are common not only in parks but in farms as well.

The most popular deciduous trees are the following:

Norway Maple – Acer platanoides

Sycamore Maple - Acer pseudoplatanus

Silver Maple - Acer saccharinum

Conker Tree - Aesculus hippocastanum

Common Beech - Fagus sylvatica

Common Hornbeam - Carpinus betulus

English Oak - Quercus robur

Northern Red Oak - Quercus rubra

Mountain-ash – Sorbus aucuparia

Common Whitebeam - Sorbus aria

Swedish Whitebeam - Sorbus intermedia

Silver Lime - Tilia tomentosa

Small-leaved Lime - Tilia cordata

Large-leaved Lime - Tilia platyphyllos

Common Ash – Fraxinus exelsior

Silver Birch - Betula pendula

Downy Birch – Betula pubescens

Kobushi Magnolia - Magnolia kobus

Katsura - Cercidiphyllum japonicum

American Tulip Tree – Liriodendron tulipifera

Black Locust - Robinia pseudoacacia

White Willow - Salix alba Silver Poplar - Populus alba

Bird Cherry - Padus racemosa

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4.By using the periodical JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams, and student‘s knowledge, the following table is made:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of deciduous trees?

2. What conditions the decorative features of leaves? Name the shapes of leaves.

3. What conditions the decorative features of blooms?

4. How are the decorative features of the crown assessed?

5. How are the deciduous trees reproduced?

6. What are the needs of deciduous trees for soil and light?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional 1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 18 TOPIC: DECIDUOUS BUSHES Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize deciduous bushes and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know deciduous bushes.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of deciduous bushes. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening, observation and individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous bushes in growing sites of College.

Task:

1. To recognise deciduous bushes.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of deciduous bushes.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Deciduous trees are flowering plants attributed to Magnoliophyta or Angiospermae family. Filogenetically they are younger and adapted better to the conditions of environment than conifer trees. There are about 300 thousand species of deciduous plants. 51 species of woody bushes and bushes are common in Lithuania. About 3 thousand of taxon deciduous trees, bushes, lianas are grown in growing sites the majority of which are introducted and brought from abraod to Lithuania. Deciduous plants are more commonly grown in city streets, squares, parks and gardens because they are more viable, they better bear unfavourable growing conditions, are less sensitive to pruning and mechanical damages. Deciduous bushes have particularly decorative blooms of bright colours or ornaments and jagged leaves. Red, yeallow, speckled or jagged plants of different kinds are common not only in parks but in farms as well.

Deciduous bushes blossom from early spring to late autumn and this way decorate the environment. The most popular deciduous bushes

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant European Barberry Berberis vulgaris Thunberg's Barberry Berberis thunbergii Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea Nana' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana' Thunberg's Barberry 'Aurea' Berberis thunbergii 'Aurea' Common Box Buxus sempervirens Siberian Peashrub Caragana arborescens Siberian Dogwood Cornus alba Siberian Dogwood 'Variegata' Cornus alba 'Variegata' Siberian Dogwood ' Aurea' Cornus alba ' Aurea' Siberian Dogwood ' Spaethii' Cornus alba 'Spaethii' Siberian Dogwood ' Elegantisima' Cornus alba ' Elegantisima' European Dogwood Cornus mas Common Hazel Corylus avellana Eurasian Smoketree Cotinus coggygria Horisontal Cotoneaster horizontalis Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris Rough Deutzia Deutzia scabra Weeping Forsythia Forzytia suspensa Japanese Spiraea Spiraea japonica Garland Spiraea Spiraea arguta Winter Creeper Euonymus fortunei Winter Creeper 'Emerald' d Gold' Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald' d Gold' Winter Creeper 'Emeralg Gaiety' Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety' Winter Creeper 'Sunspot' Euonymus fortunei 'Sunspot' Smooth Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens Panicled Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata Common Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4.By using the periodical JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams, and student‘s knowledge, the following table is made:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of deciduous bushes?

2. What deciduous plants have more decorative features: with beautiful blooms or leaves?

3. How are the decorative features of the crown evaluated?

4. How are the deciduous bushes reproduced?

2. What are the needs of deciduous bushes for soil and light?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional: 1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference

1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.htm 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 19 TOPIC: PLANTS SUITABLE FOR HEDGES Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize plants suitable for hedges and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know plants suitable for hedges.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of plants suitable for hedges. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening, observation and individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Task:

1. To recognise plants suitable for hedges.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

4. To divide the plants suitable for hedges of free shape and of formed shape as well as according to heights.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Hedges and green walls have to be durable, resistant to unfavourable factors, decorative and easily supervised. Trees and bushes of hedges should have dense branches and small leaves. When pruned, these plants would breed many buds and quickly become dense, would be freeze resistant, grow slowly and be durable. The hedges of quickly growing trees species will be often cutted. According the height, hedges can be classified as the following: up to 0.7m height – low, up to 0.7 -1.5m – medium, up to 1.5-3.0m – high and high walls of more than 3m. Besides, hedges can be of free shape and formed.

Plants for hedges of free shapes

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant White Cedar 'Smaragd' Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' White Cedar 'Brabant' 'Thuja occidentalis 'Brabant' White Cedar 'Danica' Thuja occidentalis 'Danica' White Cedar 'Rheingold' Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold' White Cedar 'Columna' Thuja occidentalis 'Columna' Common Juniper 'Suecica' Juniperus communis' Suecica' Common Juniper 'Compressa' Juniperus communis 'Compressa' Norway Spruce 'Nidiformis' Picea abies 'Nidiformis' European Barberry Berberis vulgaris Thunberg's Barberry Berberis thunbergii Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea Nana' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana' Thunberg's Barberry 'Aurea' Berberis thunbergii 'Aurea' European Box 'Myosotidifolia' Buxus sempervirens English Dogwood Philadelphus coronarius Siberian Dogwood Cornus alba Siberian Dogwood 'Variegata' Cornus alba 'Variegata' Siberian Dogwood ' Elegantisima' Cornus alba ' Elegantisima' European Dogwood Cornus mas Common Hazel Corylus avellana Creeping Cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris Rough Deutzia Deutzia scabra Weeping Forsythia Forzytia suspensa Japanese Spiraea Spiraea japonica Garland Spiraea Spiraea arguta

Plants for hedges of formed shapes

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant Norway Spruce Picea abies White Spruce Picea glauca Common Yew Taxus baccata Common Yew 'Fastigiata' Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' Common Yew 'Fastigiata Robusta' Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata Robusta' White Cedar Thuja occidentalis White Cedar 'Columna' Thuja occidentalis 'Columna' White Cedar ' Ellwangeriana Aurea' Thuja occidentalis ' Ellwangeriana Aurea' White Cedar 'Malonyana' Thuja occidentalis 'Malonyana' White Cedar 'Wareana' Thuja occidentalis 'Wareana' White Cedar 'Wareana Lutescens' Thuja occidentalis 'Wareana Lutescens' White Cedar 'Aurescens' Thuja occidentalis 'Aurescens' European Box Buxus sempervirens Common Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Shiny Cotoneaster Cotoneaster lucidus Common Beech Fagus sylvatica Common Oak Quercus robur Small-leaved Lime Tilia cordata Purple Leaf Plum Prunus cerasifera Siebold's Crabapple Malus sieboldii Common Privet Ligustrum vulgare Tatar Maple Acer tataricum

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative features of hedges?

2. What kinds of hedges can you name?

3. How are the decorative features of the crown evaluated?

4. What kinds of plants are suitable for hedges of free shapes?

5. At what distances are the hedges planted?

Information Sources:

Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com . Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 20 TOPIC: PLANTS SUITABLE FOR DECORATIVE CUTTING AND GROWING IN CONTAINERS Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize plants suitable for decorative cutting and growing in containers and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know plants suitable for decorative cutting and growing in containers.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of plants suitable for decorative cutting and growing in containers. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening, observation and individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Task:

1. To recognise plants suitable for decorative cutting and growing in containers.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Plants suitable for decorative cutting and growing in containers are particularly popular these days. Plants have a decorative look near companies, terraces, squares and planted in containers (decorative pots). Commonly, conifer trees or bushes resistant to polluted city air, easily accepting formation and not sensitive to winter freeze are grown. Plants for hedges and green walls have to be durable, resistant to unfavourable factors, decorative and easily supervised. Trees and bushes of hedges should have dense branches and small leaves. When pruned, these plants would breed many buds and quickly become dense, would be freeze resistant, grow slowly and be durable. The hedges of quickly growing trees species will be often cutted. According the height, hedges can be classified as the following: up to 0.7m height – low, up to 0.7 -1.5m – medium, up to 1.5-3.0m – high and high walls of more than 3m. Besides, hedges can be of free shape and formed.

Plants for decorative cutting and growing in containers English name of the plant Latin name of the plant White Cedar 'Smaragd' Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' White Cedar 'Brabant' 'Thuja occidentalis 'Brabant' White Cedar 'Danica' Thuja occidentalis 'Danica' White Cedar 'Rheingold' Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold' White Cedar 'Columna' Thuja occidentalis 'Columna' Common Juniper 'Suecica' Juniperus communis ' Suecica' Common Juniper 'Compressa' Juniperus communis 'Compressa' Mountain Pine Pinus mugo Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris European Black Pine Pinus nigra Korean Pine Pinus koreana Chinese White Pine Pinus armandii Rocky Mountain Juniper 'Skyrocket' Juniperus scopulorum 'Skyrocket' Rocky Mountain Juniper 'Blue Arrow' Juniperus scopulorum 'Blue Arrow' Rocky Mountain Juniper 'Wichita Blue' Juniperus scopulorum 'Wichita Blue' Creeping Juniper 'Glauca' Juniperus horizontalis 'Glauca' Creeping Juniper 'Golden Carpet' Juniperus horizontalis 'Golden Carpet' Creeping Juniper 'Blue Chip'' Juniperus horizontalis 'Blue Chip'' Creeping Juniper 'Andora Compact' Juniperus horizontalis 'Andora Compact' White Spruce 'Conica' Picea glauca 'Conica' European Yew Taxus baccata European Yew 'David' Taxus baccata ' David' European Yew 'Fastigiata' Taxus baccata ' Fastigiata' European Yew 'Fastigiata Robusta' Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata Robusta' European Yew 'Fastigiata Aurea' Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata Aurea' Canadian Hemlock Tsuga canadensis European Box Buxus sempervirens

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative cutting of plants?

2. What decorative shapes can be formed?

3. What kinds of plants are suitable for decorative cutting?

4. What kinds of plants are suitable for growing in containers?

5. How are the plants supervised in winter?

Information Sources:

Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 21 TOPIC: PLANTS SUITABLE FOR ROWS AND AVENUES Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize plants suitable for rows and avenues and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know plants suitable for rows and avenues.  To know how to evaluate the decorative features of plants suitable for rows and avenues. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening, observation and individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Task:

1. To recognise plants suitable for rows and avenues.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

Plants for rows and avenues have to be durable, resistant to unfavourable factors, decorative and easily supervised. Trees and bushes of hedges should have dense branches and small leaves. When pruned, these plants would breed many buds and quickly become dense, would be freeze resistant, grow slowly and be durable. High trees are grown in parks avenues and medium and low plants are grown in city gardens and streets. The look of the tree is usually conditioned by its crown and stem. In avenues trees with high and widely branched crowns are usually planted, more rarely they are close branched. The avenues of thick and wide-stem trees have a good look all year. Besides, in summer they decrease the heat and in winter they keep the wind. Trees with short stem are less suitable for avenues. A very decorative look have Horse-chestnuts and Black Locusts with their beautiful blooms. Conifer trees are rarely planted in the avenues. Bushes are commonly planted in rows than in avenues. Usually, bushes with beautiful blooms are suitable for planting in rows, eg. Lilac. Plants for rows and avenues

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant White Cedar 'Smaragd Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' White Cedar 'Brabant' 'Thuja occidentalis 'Brabant' White Cedar 'Danica' Thuja occidentalis 'Danica' White Cedar 'Rheingold' Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold' White Cedar 'Columna' Thuja occidentalis 'Columna' Common Juniper 'Suecica' Juniperus communis' Suecica' Common Juniper 'Compressa' Juniperus communis 'Compressa' Silver Birch Betula pendula Common Oak Quercus robur Small-leaved Lime Tilia cordata Large-leaved Lime Tilia platyphyllos Silver Lime Tilia tomentosa Common Maple Acer platanoides Sycamore Maple Acer pseudoplatanus Common Beech Fagus sylvatica Common Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia Siberian Dogwood ' Elegantisima' Cornus alba ' Elegantisima' European Dogwood Cornus mas Common Hazel Corylus avellana Sweet Mock-orange Philadelphus coronarius Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris Broad-leaved Lilac Syringa josikea Weeping Forsythia Forsitia suspensa Horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Garland Spiraea Spiraea arguta

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using periodicals and student‘s knowledge, make the following table:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What conditions the decorative cutting of rows and avenues?

2. What kinds of plants can be planted in the growing sites of the streets?

3. What kinds of plants are suitable for rows and avenues?

4. Are close branched and colourful trees suitable for planting in rows and avenues?

Information Sources:

Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional:

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 22 TOPIC: DECORATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR MAKING COLOURFUL GROUPS Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize decorative plants suitable for making colourful groups and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know the plants with colourful leaves.

 To know how to evaluate the suitability of these plants for individual and group planting.

 To make a group of 5- 7 plants species by integrating the ones with colourful leaves as well.

3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening and observation, individual learning and demonstration.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous bushes in the growing sites of College and Mastaiciai settlement.

Task:

1. To recognise plants suitable for growing for making colourful groups.

2. To know the botanical names of plants.

3. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

It is the most beautiful plants group with red, yellow and speckled leaves. Plants of various colour, shape and structure nicely fit growing individually and in small groups.

Trees and bushes with colourful leaves English name of the plant Latin name of the plant Lauson‘s White Cedar 'Stewartii' Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Stewartii' Lauson‘s White Cedar 'Aurea' Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Aurea' Lauson‘s White Cedar 'Glauca' Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Glauca' Lauson‘s White Cedar 'Blue Surprise' Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Blue Surprise' White Fir 'Violacea' Abies concolor 'Violacea' Sawara Cypress 'Boulevard' Chamaecyparis pisifera'Boulevard' Common Juniper 'Gold Cone' Juniperus communis 'Gold Cone' Common Juniper ' Depressa Aurea' Juniperus communis 'Depressa Aurea' Rocky Mountain Juniper 'Skyrosket' Juniperus scopulorum 'Skyrosket' Rocky Mountain Juniper ' Blue Arrow' Juniperus scopulorum' Blue Arrow' Flaky Juniper 'Meyerii' Juniperus squamata 'Meyerii' Flaky Juniper ' Blue Star' Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' Flaky Juniper 'Blue Carpet' Juniperus squamata ' 'Blue Carpet' Saybrook Gold Juniper 'Gold Star' Juniperus x media ' Gold Star' Creeping Juniper 'Glauca' Juniperus horizontalis' Glauca' Creeping Juniper ' Golden Carpet' Juniperus horizontalis ' Golden Carpet' Norway Spruce 'Koster' Picea abies 'Koster' White Spruce 'Sanders Blue' Picea glauca 'Sanders Blue' White Cedar 'Aurea' Thuja occidentalis' Aurea' White Cedar 'Rheingold' Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold' White Cedar 'Atropurpurea' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea Nana' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana' Common Maple 'Rheingold' Acer platanoides 'Crimson King' Silver Birch 'Purpurea' Betula pendula 'Purpurea' Common Hazel 'Fuscorubra' Corylus avellana 'Fuscorubra' Common Beech 'Purpurea pendula' Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea pendula' Common Beech 'Purpurea Tricolor' Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea Tricolor' Blackberry Elder 'Guincho Purple' Sambucus nigra 'Guincho Purple' Common Ninebark 'Diabolo' Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo' Boxelder Maple 'Auratum' Acer negundo 'Auratum' Common Privet 'Aureum' Ligustrum vulgare 'Aureum' Redberry Elder 'Plumosa Aurea' Sambucus rasemosa 'Plumosa Aurea' Boxelder Maple 'Flamingo' Acer negundo 'Flamingo' Common Maple 'Drumondii' Acer platanoides 'Drumondii' Siberian Dogwood 'Spaethii' Cornus alba 'Spaethii' Winter Creeper 'Sunspot' Euonymus fortunei 'Sunspot'

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using periodicals and student‘s knowledge, make the following table:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What kinds of trees and buches have red leaves?

2. What kinds of trees and buches have yeallow leaves?

3. Where and how are the trees and bushes with colourful leaves planted?

4. How are these plants reproduced?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.l 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 23 TOPIC: TREES AND BUSHES IN BEAUTIFUL BLOOMS Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize decorative plants and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know the plants in beautiful blooms.

 To know how to evaluate the suitability of these of these plants for individual and group planting.  To know the biological characteristics of these plants.

3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening and observation, individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous bushes in the growing sites of College and Mastaiciai settlement.

Task:

1. To recognise plants in beautiful blossom.

2. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

To classify bushes and trees into beautiful would not be fair. When evaluating woody plants in beautiful blossom from decorative aspect, not only the colour of blooms and size should be considered, but time and duration of blossom as well.

In early spring opened small blooms are more attractive than large blooms in summer. For example, Hazels, Birches and Willows start blossom in early spring. Not less attractive are covered with snow the blooms of Witch-hazel in late autumn or at the beginning of winter. Gardens in bloom also have a very nice look. A lot of woody plants in beautiful blossom are grown in decorative growing sites. Trees and bushes in beautiful blooms

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant Red Horse-chestnut Aesculus x carnea Yellow Buckeye Aesculus octandra Horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Common Catalpa Catalpa bignonioides Midland Hawthorn 'Paul's Scarlet' Crataegus laevigata Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Weeping Forsythia Forsythia suspensa Smooth Hydrangea 'Grandiflora' Hydrangea arborescens Panicled Hydrangea 'Grandiflora' Hydrangea paniculata Common Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides Kobushi Magnolia Magnolia kobus Lilflora Magnolia Magnolia x soulangeana English Dogwood Philadelphus coronarius Shrubby Cinquefoil and its species Potentilla fruticosa Japanese Cherry Prunus serrulata Rhododendron Rhododendron Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Water Elder 'Roseum' Viburnum opulus Weigela florida and its species Weigela florida Early Weigela Weigela praecox Yellow Tulip Tree Liriodendron tulipifera Japanese rose Rosa rugosa Japanese Spiraea and its species Spiraea japonica White Spiraea Spiraea x cinerea Vanhut‘s Spiraea Spiraea vanhouttei Bird Cherry Padus racemosa Common Lilac and its species Syringa vulgaris Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana Siebold's Crabapple Malus toringo Mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia Common Broom Sarothamnus scoparius Golden Currant Ribes aureum

Work proceeding:

1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using periodicals and student‘s knowledge, make the following table:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What kinds of trees have beautiful blooms?

2. What kinds of bushes have beautiful blooms?

3. Where and how are the trees and bushes with beautiful blooms planted?

4. How are these plants reproduced?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 24 TOPIC: TREES FOR POOLS AND SUPPORT WALLS Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize decorative plants and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know the plants suitable for pools and support walls.

 To know how to evaluate the suitability of these of these plants for individual and group planting.

 To know the biological characteristics of these plants.

3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening and observation, individual learning and demonstration.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous bushes in the growing sites of College and Mastaiciai settlement.

Task:

1. To recognise plants in beautiful blossom.

2. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

On support walls and in rock-gardens, creeping and carpet plants are usually planted in order they extend between the stones or fall from the walls by making as natural surrounding as possible. Next to water ponds (according their size) plants with easily falling, narrowly colonial crown or rocky-like crown are planted.

Plants for pools and support walls

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant White Cedar 'Filiformis' Thuja occidentalis 'Filiformis' White Cedar 'Danica' Thuja occidentalis'Danica' Creeping Juniper 'Glauca' Juniperus horizontalis' Glauca' Creeping Juniper 'Golden carpet' Juniperus horizontalis'Golden carpet' Creeping Juniper ' Wiltonii' Juniperus horizontalis' Wiltonii' Creeping Juniper 'Blue Chip' Juniperus horizontalis 'Blue Chip' Medium Juniper 'Glauca' Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'Glauca' Medium Juniper 'Grey Owl' Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'Grey Owl' Common Juniper ' Green Carpet' Juniperus communis 'Green Carpet' Common Juniper 'Depressa Aurea' Juniperus communis' Depressa Aurea' Common Juniper 'Hortsman' Juniperus communis'Hortsman' Common Juniper 'Repanda' Juniperus communis 'Repanda' Chinese Juniper ' Plumosa Aurea' Juniperus chinensis ' Plumosa Aurea' Shrubby Cinquefoil and its species Potentilla fruticosa Winter Creeper and its species Euonumus fortuneii Thunberg's Barberry 'Atropurpurea Nana' Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana' Thunberg's Barberry 'Bagatelle' Berberis thunbergii ' Bagatelle' Common Box and species Buxus sempervirens Japanese Larch ' Stif Weper' Larix leptolepis ' Stif Weper' European Larch ' Kornik' Larix decidua 'Kornik' European Larc 'Repens' Larix decidua 'Repens' Norway Spruce 'Inversa' Picea abies 'Inversa' Sawara Cypress 'Filifera' Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera' Grefsheim Spirea Spiraea x cinerea Sawara Cypress 'Filifera Aurea' Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea' Sawara Cypress 'Filifera Aurea Nana' Chamaecyparis pisifera'Filifera Aurea Nana' Sawara Cypress 'Sungold' Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Sungold' European Yew 'Dawid' Taxus baccata ' Dawid' Common Box 'Fontain Purple' Fagus sylvatica 'Fontain Purple' Black Elder 'Black Lace' Sambucus nigra 'Black Lace' Goat Willow 'Kilmarnock' Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock' Dappled Willow 'Pendula' Salix integra 'Pendula'

Work proceeding:

1.A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using periodicals and student‘s knowledge, make the following table:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What kinds of plants are suitable for support walls and rock-gardens?

2. What kinds of plants are suitable for pools?

3. Are big trees planted near small water ponds?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552.

Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 25 TOPIC: PLANTS RESISTANT TO POLLUTED CITY AIR Intended for 2 hours 1. The aim of Practical Work: To recognize decorative plants and know their decorative features. 2. Goals of Practical Work:  To know the plants resistant to polluted city air.

 To know how to evaluate the suitability of these of these plants for individual and group planting.

 To know the biological characteristics of these plants.

3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: Listening and observation, individual learning.

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Decorative deciduous bushes in the growing sites of College and Mastaiciai settlement.

Task:

1. To recognise plants in beautiful blossom.

2. To evaluate the morphological and biological pecularities of these plants.

Theoretical part of Practical Work:

In order to make a decorative look to plants, they have to be provided with suitable growing conditions. Some plants are sensitive to a polluted city air. Improperly planted plants wane and even die. The most sensitive are conifer plants. Norway Spruce and its decorative species usually grow and look miserablly in city growing sites. Colourful conifer shapes should not be also planted in such places. Such plants become dusted and look undecoratively. Deciduous plants are more resistant to such conditions. Plants resistant to polluted city air

English name of the plant Latin name of the plant White Spruce Picea glauca Blue Spruce Picea pungens Blue Spruce 'Glauca' Picea pungens'Glauca' Blue Spruce 'Koster' Picea pungens'Koster' White Fir Abies concolor White Fir 'Violacea' Abies concolor ' Violacea' Black Pine Pinus nigra White Cedar Thuja occidentalis Savin Juniper and its shapes Juniperus sabina Common Oak Quercus robur White Willow Salix alba Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Common Maple Acer platanoides Silver Maple Acer sacharinum Small-leaved Lime Tilia cordata Large-leaved Lime Tilia platyphyllos Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris Broad-leaved Lilac Syringa josikea Common Privet Ligustrum vulgare Common Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Thunberg's Barberry and its shapes Berberis Thunbergii Common Barberry Berberis vulgaris Siberian Dogwood and its shapes Cornus alba Golden Current Ribes aureum Mountain Current Ribes alpinum Red Current Sambucus racemosa Weigela Florida and its species Weigela florida Silver Berry Eleagnus angustifolia Siberian Peashrub Caragana arborescens European Dogwood Cornus mas

Work proceeding:

1.A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed.

3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

4. By using periodicals and student‘s knowledge, make the following table:

Name of plant Living form, Crown Colour of Usage Needs for Needs height, width form leaves light for soil (spines)

Self-evaluation questions:

1. What kinds of plants are resistant to a polluted city air?

2. What kinds of plants are more resistant to a polluted city air: conifers or deciduous plants? Why?

3. What damages the decorative features of the plants in the city?

4. Can the decorative species be planted in city farms?

Information Sources: Key: 1.DIRR, Mishell. Encyklopedia Trees et Cruubs. Portland, 2011.ISBN 978-0882192-901-0. 2.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Dendrologija. Vilnius, 2004. ISBN 9986-09-286-8.

3.NAVASAITIS, Mindaugas. Medžiai ir krūmai parkams ir sodyboms. Kaunas, 2008. ISBN – 9955-751-14-4.

Additional

1. BRISKELL,Cristoferr. Encyklopedia of plants et flovers. London, 2010 ISBN- 978-1-4053- 5423-3. 2. JANUŠKEVIČIUS, Laimutis; BARONIENĖ, Valerija; ŽEIMAVIČIUS, Kęstutis. Medžių ir krūmų sortimentas Lietuvos želdynams. Vilnius, 1995. ISBN 9986-25-8.

3. JONSON, Hugh.Trees. London, 2010. ISBN 978-1-8433-0552. Online reference 1. Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė http://www.sodospalvos.lt/ 2. Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/ 3. Encyklopedia of trees on shrubs http://www.onread.com 4. Reference Libarary- Science-HowPlants and Flowers Grow http://www.kidport.com/.../ Science/ 5. Encyclopedia of trees ant shrubs http://www.trees on shrubs -dictionary.com/list.html 6. Encyclopedia of trees on shrubs http://www. kako books.com .

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 1

TOPIC: EVALUATION OF DECORATIVE - MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERS

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to assess the morphological - decorative characteristics of outside flowers. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To know the morphological - decorative characteristics of outside flowers. 2. To know how to evaluate the decorative design of outside flowers. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work Object: Outside flowers. Task: 1. To know the peculiarities of morphological - decorative characteristics of outside flowers. 2. To evaluate the decorative features of the leaves and blooms of the given outside flowers. 3. To evaluate the decorative features of the flower with the following available data: green, glossy, complex leaves; very odorous, bright colour and lavish blooms; decorative but not lavishy fruit; compact truss: blossom period is 40 days; decorative feature period is 3 months. 4. To evaluate the decorative features of two outside flowers growing in a collective parterre of Kaunas College Landscaping Department. Theoretical part of Practical Work: Decorative features of the plant are determined by its morphological characteristics. Decorative features of outside flowers are evaluated in points according the decorative features of leaves, blooms, fruit and truss, the duration of blossom and decorative features presence. Ddecorative features of leaves. They are conditioned by shape of leaves, the intensity of green colour, combinations and gloss of other colours, long preservation of natural colour and shape. Decorative features of leaves are assessed visually considering the standard of leaves of common shape and green colour. The are marked as follows: L – leaves of common shape and green colour; L1 - linear, lanceolate, all complex leaves; L2 - colourful, spotted, glossy leaves; L3 – stable for long time (preserving the decorative features) leaves. For example, purple, complex and long time preserving the decorative features leaves are evaluated according to the following formula: L1 + L2 + L3 = L6. It can be stated that the decorative features of leaves are conditioned by the amount of their decorative characteristics. Decorative features of blooms. It is more difficult to evaluate the decorative features of blooms because they are conditioned by a shape, colour and odour of a bloom or truss. They are marked as follows: Ž – blooms of common shape, small, plain and of pale colours; Ž1 – bright and odorous trusses; Ž2 – very lavish trusses. For example, lavishly blossoming, bright, odorous blooms, accumulated in a truss: Ž2 + Ž1 = Ž3. The amount of decorative features are conditioned by the decorative characteristics. Decorative features of fruit and fruit groups. Some outside flowers also have decorative fruit. In such case, the total assessment of decorative features is supplemented by the index of decorative features of fruit, i.e. Vd.: V0 – nondecorative fruit; V1 – decorative but small and not lavish fruit; V2 – decorative and lavish fruit, however, loosing the decorative features in short time; V3 – decorative and lavish fruit remaining decorative for long time. For example, decorative remaining for 2 – 3 months fruit is evaluated as follows: V3 = V3.

Decorative features of a truss. The quality of a truss can be evaluated in a 3 points system: K1 – straggled truss without precise shape, often have to be fastened. K2 – compact, strong truss with a typical to the plant shape. K3 – strong truss with a typical to the plant shape, can be the centre of parterre line. Decorative features of a truss are determined by the strength, typical shape and application possibilities. Blossom period. The beginning of blossom is considered when 10 per cent of blooms start blossom and mass blossom is considered when more than 50 per cent of blooms start blossom and the end of blossom is considered when 10 per cent of blooms remain. The duration of blossom is determined by registering the beginning and end of the flower blossom. The assessment is performed in days. By introducing an index, the period of blossom is evaluated as follows: Žt – 1-5 days; Žt1 – 6-10 days; Žt2 - 11-20 days; Žt3 - 21-30 days; Žt4 – 31-50 days; Žt5 – 51 day and longer. The higher is the evaluation point, the more decorative features has the flower. Duration of decorative features presence is determined by evaluating the aforementioned decorative criteria. For the determination of decorative period, index Dt is introduced which is expressed in months. The following three criteria are the most important: the decorative features of leaves, blooms and fruit. They are marked with decorative one of aforementioned criteria: Dt1– 1 months; Dt2 – 2 months; Dt3 – 3 months. Constantly verdurous plants preserve their decorative features all year round, thus, they are marked Dt12. Aiming to distinguish the decorative features determining criterion, the index of decorative features is supplemented by DtL (decorative leaves), DtŽ (decorative blooms). Assessment of decorative features. Assessment in points. Decorative features of flowers are conditioned by decorative characteristics of leaves, blooms, fruits and truss, blossom and decorative features presence duration. They are marked as follows: D1 = L + Ž + V + K + Ž + Dt < 6. D2 = L + Ž + V + K + Ž + Dt = 7 - 11. D3 = L + Ž + V + K + Ž + Dt = 12 – 17. D4 = L + Ž + V + K + Ž + Dt = 18 – 23. D5 = L + Ž + V + K + Ž + Dt > 23. D1 - very little decorative. D2 – little decorative. D3 – medium decorative. D4 – decorative. D5 – very decorative.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2. The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3. The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What conditions the decorative features of outside flowers? 2. What conditions the decorative features of flowers leaves? 3. What conditions the decorative features of flowers blooms? 4. How are the decorative features of a truss are evaluated? 5. How is the duration of flowers blossom determined? 6. How are the decorative features of the flower assessed? 7. What will be the mark of decorative features in case the flower was evaluated to 19 points?

Information Sources: 1. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 2. VAIDELYS, Jonas. Dekoratyviųjų žolinių augalų fenologinių stebėjimų, biometrinių matavimų ir sortimento sudarymo metodika. Mastaičiai, 2005. ISBN 9955-586-58-3. 3. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta: ir BUDRIENĖ, Aušra. Profesine anglų kalba apie dekoratyviųjų augalų morfologiją ir bioekologiją. SBN 978-9955-27-283-0.

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 2

TOPIC: EVALUATION OF BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERS

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know the bioecological characteristics of decorative plants and how to assess them. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To know the bioecological characteristics of outside flowers. 2. To know how to assess the bioecological characteristics of outside flowers. 3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Outside flowers. Task: 1. To know the peculiarities of bioecological characteristics assessment of outside flowers. 2. To provide 5 kinds of light relishing and 5 shade relishing and semi shade relishing outside flowers and to register the data in Table 1.

Table 1 Evaluation of outside flowers light demand Seq. Name of the flower Light relishing Shade relishing Semi shade No relishing 1.

3. To provide 5 kinds of outside flowers which can grow in a humid, medium humid and dry soil and to register the data in Table 2.

Table 2 Evaluation of outside flowers soil humidity demand Seq. Name of the flower Humid soil Medium humid Dry soil No soil 1.

4. To provide 10 parameters describing the seeds quality of annual and perennial flowers and to register the data in Table 3.

Table 3 Assessment of quality describing parameters of outside flowers seeds Seq. Name of the flower Number of The need of Sowing time, No seeds, seeds for 1000 month pcs/g sprouts , g 1.

5. To provide 5 kinds of perennial outside flowers of vegetative reproduction (by separating the truss and slips) and to register the data in Table 4. Table 4 Characteristics of reproductive features of vegetatively reproduced perennial flowers Seq. Name of the Reproduction Reproduction Time of Characteristics of No flower by separating by slips reproduction slips the truss

1.

6. To calculate the acclimatization indicators of outside flower in points provided that the flower breeds the seeds yearly by self-sowing, the habit is equal to naturally growing, the freeze damage takes place every year, diseases and vermin make damage very often. Theoretical part of Practical Work: Decorative plants are affected by a big variety of environment factors: light, temperature, water, air, soil, mineral elements, etc. According the light demand, plants are divided into light relishing, shade relishing and semi shade relishing. The temperature conditions the plants adaptation in the surrounding. Water is vitally necessary. Air contains the necessary vital components (oxygen, carbon dioxide). Decorative plants adapt to the soil of various mechanical composition (sand, sandy loam, clay loam, clay, etc.). The flowers take mineral elements from soil and the main nutrition elements of decorative plants are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K). The main indicators of plants acclimatization are the following: seeds reproduction, vegetative reproduction, habit, resistance to freeze and damage from diseases and vermin. I. Seeds reproduction. J. Dagys (1980) states that plants reproduced by seeds have a better and faster acclimatization to new growing conditions than plants reproduced in vegetative way (two times longer). The following parameters are determined to the flowers reproducing by seeds: 1. Seeds quality: A. Physical characteristics: - Length of a seed in mm. - Width of a seed in mm. - Absolete weight of 1000 seeds in grams. - Number of seeds weighing 1 gram. B. Biological and agricultural characteristics: - Purity of seeds. - Viability and germination energy. - Germination duration. - Number of seeds necessary to grow 1000 sprouts. 2. Seeds productivity criteria of a plant: - Number of generative stems in a truss. - Number of blooms on a sprout (stem). - Number of fruit on a sprout. - Number of seeds in a fruit. - Percentage of breeded fruit from total number of fruit. - Self-sowing process. II. Vegetative reproduction. 1. A new small plant is formed (groundling bugles, spring leeks). III. Habit. Habit (the length of sprouts) is the appearance of a plant formed by a stem. The height of decorative plant is conditioned by the length of sprouts. IV. Resistance to freeze. Different kinds of decorative plants are adapted to different temperature conditions. The most sensitive to freeze are subtropical introducted decorative plants. Direct impact of freeze on plants is particularly dangerous in cold and snowless winters. Annual outside flowers are especially sensitive to early spring frosts in Lithuania. Perennial flowers are prepared to wintering by mulching them and covering with branches of fir. V. Damage from diseases and vermin. In Lithuania, damage of plants from diseases and vermin is assessed visually considering the level of damage. The acclimatized in particular conditions plant is considered the plant which grows successfully and can grow up new generations. V. N. Bykovas and R. A. Karpisonova suggest to assess the acclimatized plants in points provided in Table 5. Table 5 Evaluation of decorative plants acclimatization indicators in points (V. N. Bykovas, R. A. Karpisonova) Seq. Acclimatization indicators Points No 3 2 1 1. Reproduction in seeds Breeds seeds Breeds seeds not Does not breed every year, can every year, can seeds perform self- perform self- sowing sowing 2. Vegetative reproduction Vegetative germs Vegetative germs Does not perform (buds) - 3 (buds) - 1 and vegetative and more more reproduction 3. Habit, length of sprouts Bigger than Equal to naturally Smaller than naturally growing growing naturally growing 4. Resistance to frreeze Frosts and freeze Strong freeze Freeze make do not make make partial damage almost damage damage every year 5. Damage from diseases and Do not make Make damage Make damage in vermin damage rarely but not in large scopes large scopes every year * Decorative plant will be: very perspective if is given 12 – 15 points; perspective if is given 9 – 11 points; little perspective if is given 5 – 8 points.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2. The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3. The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions. Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. How are the outside flowers classified according the light demand? 2. What types of light relishing flowers can you name? 3. How many days does the vegetation of plants take place in Lithuania? 4. What main mineral elements necessary for decorative plants can you name? 5. What kinds of outside flowers grow in a dry soil? 6. What physical characteristics of seeds describing their quality can you name? 7. What kinds of vegetative reproduction of decorative plants can you name? 8. What kind of reproduction is applied to narcissus, roses, irises and hostas? 9. What is a habit of a plant? 10. What acclimatization indicators of plant can you name? 11. What are the perspectives of a decorative plant if its acclimatization indicators were evaluated to 11 points? Information Sources: 1. DAGYS, J. Augalų ekologija. Vilnius, 1980. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta: ir BUDRIENĖ, Aušra. Profesine anglų kalba apie dekoratyviųjų augalų morfologiją ir bioekologiją. SBN 978-9955-27-283-0. Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 3

TOPIC: MAIN ANNUAL FLOWERS

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise main annual flowers and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of main annual flowers. 2. To determine the adaptation possibilities of main annual flowers in parterres. 3. To know how to adapt the annual flowers in parterres. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of flowers 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Workperformance and formalization. G – Workdefence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Main annual flowers: Begonia (Wax), Zinnia (Common), Stock (Evening), Petunia (Hybrid), Aster (Chinese), Tagete (Mexican Marigold, French Marigold, Signet Marigold), Sage (Scarlet), Verbena (Hybrid), Snapdragon (Common), Flossflower (Mexican).

Task: 1. To recognise main annual flowers. 2. To know the botanical names of main annual flowers. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of main annual flowers, their adaptation in parterres possibilities and to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Main annual flowers Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

2. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with main annual flowers in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Main annual flowers are outside flowers which have the best acclimatization in a particular place, easily and quickly reproducing and distinguishing by their decorative features. Main annual flowers differ in various countries because it depends not only on the conditioning the assortment reasons but on the country‘s traditions as well. English and botanical (Latin) names of main annual flowers: 1. Wax Begonia – Begonia x semperflorens Link. et Otto. 2. Common Zinnia – Zinnia elegans Jacq. 3. Evening Stock – Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. 4. Hybrid Petunia – Petunija x hybrida Vilm. 5. Chinese Aster – Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. 6. Mexican Marigold – Tagetes erecta.L. 7. French Marigold – Tagetes patula L. 8. Signet Marigold – Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. 9. Scarlet Sage – Salvia splendens Sello ex Nees. 10. Hybrid Verbena – Verbena x hybrida Voss. 11. Common Snapdragon – Antirrhinum majus L. 12. Mexican Flossflower – Ageratum houstonianum Mill. The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, French Marigold can be planted in groups, in edges, parterres and clombs.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What do we call main annual flowers? 2. What are the features of main annual flowers? 3. What kinds of groundling annual flowers can you name? 4. What kinds of light relishing main annual flowers can you name? 5. What kinds of main annual flowers have decorative blooms/trusses? 6. What kinds of annual flowers blossom from the beginning of summer to late autumn? 7. What kinds of flowers have orange and red blooms? 8. What kinds of parterres are main annual flowers used in? 9. What are the botanical names of main annual outside flowers?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. II dalis. Vilnius, 1995. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 4

TOPIC: BIENNIAL FLOWERS

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the biennial flowers and to know their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of biennial flowers. 2. To determine the adaptation possibilities of biennial flowers in parterres. 3. To know how to adapt biennial flowers in parterres. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of flowers 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Biennial flowers: Clove (Pink, Sweet William), Bells (Canterbury), Pansy, Forget-me-not (Wood, Alpine), Hollyhock (Common), Daisy (English).

Task: 1. To recognise the biennial flowers. 2. To know the botanical names of biennial flowers. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of biennial flowers, their adaptation in parterres possibilities and to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Biennial flowers Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

3. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with biennial flowers in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of practice work: Biennial outside flowers blossom and reproduce (vegetate) in the second living year. Most of biennial flowers blossom in spring or at the beginning of summer when there are little flowers in blossom in parterres. English and botanical (Latin) names of the biennial flowers: 1. Pink Clove – Dianthus caryophyllus L. 2. Sweet William – Dianthus barbatus L. 3. Canterbury Bells – Campanula medium L. 4. Pansy – Viola x wittrockiana Gams. 5. Wood Forget-me-not – Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm. 6. Alpine Forget-me-not – Myosotis alpestris F. M. Scmidt. 7. Common Hollyhock – Alcea rosea L. 8. English Daisy - Bellis perennis L. The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, Pansy can be grown in the balconies, small beds, clombs, pots. They are also suitable for planting in graves; blooms can be gathered.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What do we call biennial flowers? 2. What kinds of biennial flowers can you name? 3. When do the biennial flowers blossom? 4. What kinds of biennial flowers have blue and white blooms? 5. What kind of biennial flower grow over 2 metres? 6. What kinds of parterres can biennial flowers be planted in? 7. What kinds of biennial flowers have the highest positions of adaptation in parterres? 8. What are the botanical names of biennial outside flowers?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. II dalis. Vilnius, 1995. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 5

TOPIC: PERENNIAL FLOWERS OF SPRING BLOSSOM

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the perennial flowers of spring blossom and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of spring blossom. 2.To determine the adaptation possibilities of perennial flowers of spring blossom in parterres. 3. To know how to adapt the perennial flowers of spring blossom in parterres.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of flowers 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Perennial flowers of spring blossom: Pheasant's-eye (Spring), Poppy (Oriental), Aster (Alpine), Helleborus (Hybrid), Moss (Pink, Woodland), Coralbells, Allysum (Silver), Doronicum (Caucasicum), Pansy (Horned), Lungwort (Common), Snowdrop (Windflower, Japanese), Cowslip (Juliae, Common), Columbines (Hybrid), Iris (Hybrid).

Task: 1. To recognise the perennial flowers of spring blossom. 2. To know the botanical names of perennial flowers of spring blossom. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of spring blossom, their adaptation in parterres possibilities and to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Perennial flowers of spring blossom Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

4. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with perennial flowers of spring blossom in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Perennial flowers of spring blossom are called the perennial outside flowers of spring blossom. Perennial flowers which blossom in spring are low, their blooms are of different colours but their blossom period is short. English and botanical (Latin) names of the perennial flowers of spring blossom: 1. Spring Pheasant's-eye – Adonis vernalis L. 2. Oriental Poppy – Papaver orientale L. 3. Alpine Aster – Aster alpinus L. 4. Hybrid Helleborus – Helleborus x hibridus hort. 5. Pink Moss – Phlox subulata L. 6. Woodland Moss – Phlox divaricata L. 7. Coralbells – Heuchera sanquinea Engelm. 8. Silver Allysum – Alyssum argenteum Vitm. 9. Caucasicum Doronicum – Doronicum orientale Hoffmans. 10. Horned Pansy – Viola cornuta L. 11. Common Lungwort – Pulmonaria officinalis L. 12. Windflower Snowdrop – Anemone silvestris L. 13. Japonese Snowdrop – Anemone japonica (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc. 14. Juliae Cowslip – Primula julia Kusn. 15. Common Cowslip – Primula vulgaris Huds. 16. Hybrid Columbines – Aquilegia x hybrida hort. 17. Hybrid Iris – Iris hybrida hort.

The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, Alpine Aster can be grown in pots, rock- gardens, clombs, parterres, edges, in groups, they can be gathered.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What do we call the perennial flowers of spring blossom? 2. What kinds of perennial flowers of spring blossom can you name? 3. What kinds of perennial flowers start blossom at the earliest in Lithuania? 4. What kinds of spring perennial flowers grow in natural nature of Lithuania? 5. What kinds of perennial flowers of spring blossom grow in a light environment? 6. What kinds of perennial flowers of spring blossom have red blooms? 7. What kinds of spring perennial flowers are poisonous? 8. What kinds of parterres are the perennial flowers of spring blossom used in? 9. What are the botanical names of the perennial outside flowers of spring blossom?

Information Sources: 4. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 5. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 6. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Daugiametės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. III dalis. Vilnius, 1997. 7. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 8. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 5 .Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 6

TOPIC: PERENNIAL FLOWERS OF SUMMER BLOSSOM

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the perennial flowers of summer blossom and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: : 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of summer blossom. 2.To determine the adaptation possibilities of perennial flowers of summer blossom in parterres. 4. To know how to adapt the perennial flowers of summer blossom in parterres.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of flowers

4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Perennial flowers of summer blossom: Astilbe (Arensin, Chinese), Bleeding-heart, Pink Bachelor's Button, Silver Princess, Peony (Common), Coneflower (Purple), Phlox (Garden), Blanketflower (Hybrid), Baby's breath, Dianthus (Plumose), Groundsel (Golden), Monarda (Red), Delphinium (Candle), Susan (Black-eyed), Rue (Common), Daylily (Orange), Rue (Columbine Meadow). Task: 1. To recognise the perennial flowers of summer blossom. 2. To know the botanical names of perennial flowers of summer blossom. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of summer blossom, their adaptation in parterres possibilities and to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Perennial flowers of summer blossom Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

5. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with perennial flowers of summer blossom in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: The perennial outside flowers blossom the most intensively in summer, their blooms or trusses are very colourful; the flowers are higher than perennial flowers of spring blossom. English and botanical (Latin) names of the perennial flowers of summer blossom: 1. Arensin Astilbe – Astilbe x arendsii Arends. 2. Chinese Astilbe – Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav. 3. Bleeding-heart – Dicentra spectabilis (L) Lem. 4. Pink Bachelor's Button – Centaurea montana L. 5. Silver Princess – Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond.) DC. 6. Common Peony – Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 7. Purple Coneflower – Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench. 8. Garden Phlox – Phlox paniculata L. 9. Hybrid Blanketflower – Gailardia x hybrida hort. 10. Baby‘s breath – Gypsophila paniculata L. 11. Plumose Dianthus - Dianthus plumarius L. 12. Golden Groundsel – Ligularia dentata (A. Gray) Hara. 13. Red Monarda – Monarda diduma L. 14. Candle Delphinium – Delphinium elgtum L. 15. Black-eyed Susan – Rudbeckia laciniata L. 16. Common Rue – Ruta graveolens L. 17. Orange Daylily – Hemerocallis fulva L. 18. Columbine Meadow Rue – Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, Arensin Astilbe is grown in small beds, edges, rock-gardens, coastlines of water pools; they can be grown in groups, suitable for gathering and drying.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions. Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What are the pecularities of perennial flowers of summer blossom? 2. What kinds of flowers of summer blossom are light relishing? 3. What kinds of perennial flowers of summer blossom grow in a shadow? 4. What kinds of summer flowers have the longest blossoming period? 5. What kinds of summer flowers blossom in red and yeallow blooms/trusses? 6. What kinds of summer perennial flowers are melliferous? 7. What kinds of flowers of summer blossom relish damp soil? 8. What kinds of parterres are the perennial flowers of summer blossom used in? 9. What are the botanical names of the perennial outside flowers of summer blossom? Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Daugiametės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. III dalis. Vilnius, 1997. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6.. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 7

TOPIC: PERENNIAL FLOWERS OF AUTUMN BLOSSOM 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the perennial flowers of autumn blossom and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of autumn blossom. 2.To determine the adaptation possibilities of perennial flowers of autumn blossom in parterres. 5. To know how to adapt the perennial flowers of autumn blossom in parterres.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of flowers 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Perennial flowers of autumn blossom: Aster (Bush, New England, New York), Chrizanthemum (Common), Goldenrod (Canadian), Sneezeweed (Common, Hupso), Heliopsis (Mild, Rough).

Task: 1. To recognise the perennial flowers of autumn blossom. 2. To know the botanical names of perennial flowers of autumn blossom. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of perennial flowers of autumn blossom, their adaptation in parterres possibilities and to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Perennial flowers of autumn blossom Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

6. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with perennial flowers of autumn blossom in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Perennial flowers of autumn blossom are short-day plants with a long development cycle. Some perennial autumn flowers get in blossom in summer and finish blossoming in late autumn. Yellow bloms/trusses predominate. English and botanical (Latin) names of the perennial flowers of autumn blossom: 1. Bush Aster – Symphyotrichum dumosus belgii. 2. New England Aster – Symphyotrichum novae-angliae L. 3. New York Aster – Symphyotrichum novi-belgii L. 4. Common Chrizanthemum – Chrysanthemum x hortorum Bailey subspec. Parviflorum 5. Canadian Goldenrod – Solidago canadensis L. 6. Common Sneezeweed –Helenium autumnale L. 7. Hups Sneezeweed – Pelenium hoopesii Gray. 8. Mild Heliopsis – Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet. 9. Rough Heliopsis – Heliopsis scabra Dun.

The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, New York Aster is grown in groups, is suitable for gathering and hedges formation.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What kinds of perennial flowers blossom in autumn? 2. What kinds of flowers of autumn blossom are light relishing? 3. What colours are the blooms/trusses of most perennial flowers of autumn blossom? 4. What types of parterres are perennial flowers of autumn blossom used in? 5. What kinds of perennial flowers of autumn blossom are suitable for hedges formation? 6. What are the botanical names of perennial flowers of autumn blossom?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, J.; MAKŪNAS, V.; ir PRAKAPAITĖ, G. Daugiametės gėlės. Gėlininkystė. III dalis. Vilnius, 1997. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 8

TOPIC: BULBOUS FLOWERS 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the bulbous flowers and to know their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of bulbous flowers. 2.To determine the adaptation possibilities of bulbous flowers. 6. To know how to adapt the bulbous flowers.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Bulbous flowers: Lily (Royal, Red), Daffodil (Poet's), Tulip (Garden), Snowflake (Summer), Snake's head (Common, Kaiser's crown), Pushkinia (Hyacinth, Striped Squill), Squill (Siberian), Glory-of-the-snow (Lucile's), Hyacinth (Grape), Snowdrop (Common). Task: 1. To recognise the bulbous flowers. 2. To know the botanical names of bulbous flowers. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of bulbous flowers and their adaptation in parterres possibilities as well as to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Bulbous flowers Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

7. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with bulbous flowers in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Bulbous flowers are perennial plants the underground stems of which have become bulbs, their living period is several or even several decades of years. The vegetation period of most bulbous flowers is short. Bulbous flowers blossom in early spring (in March) for short time. They are a decorative element of parterres because other flowers of bioecological groups are not yet decorative. The most beautiful look have parterres only with big bulbous and small bulbous flowers. Bulbous flowers are planted in autumn. English and botanical (Latin) names of bulbous flowers: 1. Royal Lily – Lilium regale Wils. 2. Red Lily – Lilium bulbiferum L. 3. Poet‘s Daffodil – Narcissus poeticus L. 1. Garden Tulip – Tulipa gesneriana L. 2. Summer Snowflake – Leucojum aestivum L. 3. Common Snake's head – Fritillaria meleagris L. 4. Kaiser's crown – Fritillaria imperialis L. 5. Hyacinth Pushkinia – Puschinia hyacinthoides Baker. 6. Striped Squill Pushkinia – Puschinia scilloides Adams. 7. Siberian Squill – Scilla sibirica L. 8. Lucile's Glory-of-the-snow – Chionodoxa ciliae Bois. 9. Grape Hyacinth – Muscari racemosum (L) Mill. 10. Common Snowdrop – Galanthus nivalis L.

The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, Grape Hyacinth is grown in edges, in groups, in the beds of perennial flowers and rock-gardens.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What kind of flowers do we call bulbous flowers? 2. How are the bulbous flowers classified? 3. What are big bulbous flowers? 4. What are small bulbous flowers? 5. When do the bulbous flowers blossom? 6. What is the characteristics of tulip growing area? 7. What kind of blooms do Kaiser's crown and Common Snake's head have? 8. What kinds of parterres are bulbous flowers suitable for? 9. When are bulbous flowers planted? 10. What are the botanical names of bulbous flowers?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas. Gėlininkystė. Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės. Mastaičiai, 2006. ISBN 9955-27-002-0. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 9

TOPIC: CORM FLOWERS 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the corm flowers and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of corm flowers. 2. To determine the adaptation possibilities of corm flowers. 2. To know how to adapt the corm flowers.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Corm flowers: Sword Lily (Hybrid), Crocus (Saffron, Spring, Golden), Montbretia (Garden), Tiger-flower (Speckled), Crocus (Autumn, Meadow Saffron).

Task: 1. To recognise the corm flowers. 2. To know the botanical names of the corm flowers. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of the corm flowers and their adaptation in parterres possibilities as well as to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Corm flowers Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

8. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with corm flowers in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Corm flowers have a corm which is a bulb with a thick fleshy stem and several shellings around it. Corm flowers are classified as follows: 1. Wintering outside: Crocuses, Autumn Crocuses. 2. Wintering inside: Sword Lilies, Montbretias, Tiger-flowers. Outside wintering corm flowers blossom in early spring or autumn and inside wintering corm flowers blossom in summer and autumn. Outside wintering corm flowers are efemeroidic plants with short vegetation period. Corm flowers are commonly grown for gathering but some of them are also suitable for parterres. English and botanical (Latin) names of corm flowers: 1. Hybrid Sword Lily – Gladiolus x hibridus hort. 2. Saffron Crocus – Crocus satinus L. 3. Spring Crocus – Crocus vernus (L) Wulf. 4. Golden Crocus – Crocus chrysathus Herb. 5. Garden Montbretia – Crocosmia x crocosmiflora (Lemoine) N. E. Br. 6. Speckled Tiger-flower – Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) Ker. Gawl. 7. Autumn Crocus – Colchicum autumnale L. 8. Meadow Saffron – Colchicum speciosum Steven.

The morphological – decorative and bioecological characteritics of the flower are conditioned by the possibilities of plant adaptation in parterres. Every outside flower can have several positions of adaptation in parterres. For example, Garden Montbretia is grown in small beds, in groups and are suitable for gathering. Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What kind of flowers do we call corm flowers? 2. How are the corm flowers classified? 3. When do Crocuses blossom? 4. What is the botanical Characteristics of Sword Lilies? 5. What kinds of parterres are corm flowers suitable for? 6. What are the botanical names of corm flowers?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas. Gėlininkystė. Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės. Mastaičiai, 2006. ISBN 9955-27-002-0. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 10

TOPIC: ROSES 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the roses and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of roses. 2.To determine the adaptation possibilities of roses. 3. To know how to adapt the roses.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: plantation groups of roses: Hybrid Tea, Floribunda, Grandiflora, Sweatheart, Rambling, Miniature. Task: 1. To recognise the roses. 2. To know the botanical names of roses. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of roses and their adaptation in parterres possibilities as wellas to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Roses Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

9. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with roses in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: Roses are decorative bushes of () family. There are 100 – 150 kinds in a genus. English and botanical (Latin) names of roses: 1. Hybrid Tea Roses – (Hybrida tea) TH. 2. Floribunda Roses – ( Floribunda) Fl. 3. Grandiflora Roses – (Grandiflora) Gr. 4. Sweatheart Roses – (Polyanha) Pol. 5. Rambling Roses – (Rombler) R. 6. Miniature Roses – (Miniature) Min.

Gardens of roses are the parterres of representational areas. Usually, Floribunda, Sweatheart and Miniature roses are planted in parterres. Floribunda roses are grown as solitaire in large single species groups. Sweatheart roses are planted in small beds, edges, near small water pools and in groups in green lawns. Miniature roses are planted in rock-gardens, pots and cemeteries. Hybrid Tea roses are suitable for gathering and Rambling roses are suitable for gardening vertically (for decoration of houses walls, supporting walls, fences and making arches).

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What family do roses belong to? 1. What are the planting groups of roses? 2. What are the botanical names of planting groups of roses? 3. What are the highest kind of planting groups of roses? 4. What is the height of Miniature roses? 5. What parterres can planting groups of roses be adapted to?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas. Gėlininkystė. Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės. Mastaičiai, 2006. ISBN 9955-27-002-0. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 11

TOPIC: PLANTS OF WATER PONDS AND THEIR COASTS 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the plants of water ponds and their coasts as well as their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of plants of water ponds and their coasts. 2. To know how to adapt the plants of water ponds and their coasts.

3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Plants of water ponds: Bulrush, Water-plantain (Common), Buckbean (Trefoil), Loosestrife (Purple), Water Lily (Common), Yellow Water Lily (Common). Plants of coasts: Calamus, Flowering-rush, Flowering-rush, Yellow Iris, Arrowhead.

Task: 1. To recognise the plants of water ponds and their coasts. 2. To know the botanical names of plants of water ponds and their coasts. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of plants of water ponds and their coasts, their adaptation in parterres possibilities as well as to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Plants of water ponds and their coasts Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

10. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with plants of water ponds and their coasts in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: It is necessary to garden the water pond by plants because they make it beautiful and perform other important functions. A layer of leaves on the surface of the pond makes a shadow on water and stops the growth of weed, thus, the water remains clear and in hot summer days it does not heat up. The largest plants with floating on the surface of water leaves have beautiful blooms (Lilies, Yellow Water Lilies). The best is the situation when the leaves of plants cover about half of water surface of the pond. It is very important to keep the balance between the area of water and plants mass because coast plants go to water and water plants want to push them out. Water areas are usually too small in farms. Coast plants are attractive with their shapes, colours of leaves and blooms, thus, they are planted in order to emphasize (make clearer or smoother) the coast line of water pond. Damp coasts are relished by decorative plants: Purple Loosestrife, Bulrush, Calamus, etc. English and botanical (Latin) names of decorative plants of water ponds and their coasts: 1. Bulrush – Typha latifolia L. 2. Common Water-plantain – Alisima plantago-aquatica L. 3. Trefoil Buckbean – Menyanthes trifoliata L. 4. Purple Loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria L. 5. Common Water Lily - Nymphaea alba L. 6. Common Yellow Water Lily – Nuphar lutea L. 7. Calamus – Acorus calamus L. 8. Flowering-rush – Butomus umbellatus L. 9. Yellow Iris – Iris pseudacorus L. 10. Arrowhead – Sagittaria sagittifolia L.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What decorative plants grow in water ponds? 2. What are the decorative plants of water coasts? 3. What is the botanical characteristics of Purple Loosestrife? 4. What are the names of decorative plants of water ponds and their coasts?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas. Gėlininkystė. Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės. Mastaičiai, 2006. ISBN 9955-27-002-0. 4. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 5. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 6. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 12

TOPIC: FLOWERS FOR VERTICAL GROWING

1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the flowers suitable for vertical growing and to know their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of flowers suitable for vertical growing. 2. To know how to adapt the flowers suitable for vertical growing. 3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent. Work object: Flowers suitable for vertical growing: Cathedral Bells, Nasturtium (Garden), Pea (Sweet), Pole Bean, Morning Glory (Purple), Cucumber (Wild). Task: 1. To recognise the flowers suitable for vertical growing. 2. To know the flowers suitable for vertical growing. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of flowers suitable for vertical growing and their adaptation in parterres possibilities as well as to register the results in Table 1. Table 1 Flowers suitable for vertical growing Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

11. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with flowers suitable for vertical growing in scale 1 : 50. Theoretical part of Practical Work: Flowers with creeping and rolling stems, growing up the stems of more than 1 m and some of them growing even to the height of 4 m, are suitable for vertical growing and are planted next to the buildings, fences, pergolas and summerhouses. English and botanical (Latin) names of flowers suitable for vertical growing: 1. Cathedral Bells – Cobaea scandens Cav. 2. Garden nasturtium – Tropaeolum majus L. 3. Sweet Pea – Lathyrus odoratus L. 4. Pole Bean – Phaseolus coccineus L. 5. Purple Morning Glory – Ipomoea purpurea (L) Roth. 6. Wild Cucumber – Echinocystis echinata (Muhl.) Voss.. Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions. Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What kinds of decorative plants are suitable for vertical growing? 2. What kinds of suitable for vertical growing flowers have orange blooms? 3. What are the botanical names of flowers suitable for vertical growing? Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 4. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 5. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences

Study Programme: Engineering of Growing Territories Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage

PRACTICAL WORK No 12

TOPIC: FLOWERS FOR ROCK-GARDENS 1. The Aim of Practical Work: To know how to recognise the flowers for rock-gardens and their adaptation possibilities in parterres in Lithuania and abroad. 2.Goals of Practical Work: 1. To evaluate the morphological - decorative and bioecological characteristics of flowers for rock-gardens. 2. To know how to adapt the flowers for rock-gardens.

3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: individual Practical Work and schematical design of parterres. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: S = 0.6A + 0.4G, where: S – final evaluation of Practical Work. A – Work performance and formalization. G – Work defence. In the performance of Practical Work, the formalization, performance, practical skills (following the work proceeding, evaluation of flowers decorative features, etc.) are considered when making an assessment. Independent work and practical skills are assessed and that makes 60 per cent of the final evaluation. For the defence of Practical Work, a student briefly presents the Work, analyses the results and has to answer self-control questions. This part influences the final evaluation of the work by 40 per cent.

Work object: Flowers for rock-gardens: Aubrietia (Garden), Thyme (Wild, Broad-leaved), Chickweed (Alpine), Thrift (Sea), Hosta (White), Harebell (Carpathian), Lamb's Ear, London Pride, etc. Task: 1. To recognise the flowers suitable for rock-gardens. 2. To know the flowers suitable for rock-gardens. 3. To evaluate the decorative features and bioecological characteristics of flowers suitable for rock-gardens and their adaptation in parterres possibilities as well as to register the results in Table 1.

Table 1 Flowers suitable for rock-gardens Seq. English – Fami Height, Colo Colo Light Blossom Soil Usage No botanical ly cm ur of ur of deman ing name leave bloo d period s ms and time 1.

12. To make 2 – 3 group combinations with flowers suitable for vertical growing in scale 1 : 50.

Theoretical part of Practical Work: The rock-garden is an artificially established growing place of alpine plants. Alpine plants are such grasses and small bushes the original location of which are mountain regions (Alps, Himalaya, etc.). Plants suitable for rock-gardens do not make one group, they are not only alpine plants; sea coastlines and forest plants are also grown here. Such plants can be grown in stony hills, in certain areas of which it is possible to make the necessary conditions for different plants kinds. Plants grown in rock-gardens should be perennial, low, light relishing, growing in a stony soil, decorative with beautiful leaves and many blooms. English and botanical (Latin) names of flowers suitable for rock-gardens: 1. Garden Aubrietia – Aubrieta x cultorum Bergm. 2. Wild Thyme – Thymus serpyllum L. 3. Broad-leaved Thyme – Thymus pulegioides L. 4. Alpine Chickweed – Cerastium alpinum L. 5. Sea Thrift – Armeria maritima Willd. 6. White Hosta – Hosta albo-marginata (Hook.) Hyl. 7. Carpathian Harebell – Campanula carpatica Jacq. 8. Lamb's Ear – Stachys lankata Jacq. 9. London Pride – Saxifraga umbrosa L. ir kt.

Work proceeding: 1. A description of Practical Work is read. 2.The indicated tasks of Work are performed. 3.The obtained knowledge is checked by answering the self-evaluation questions.

Self-evaluation questions for work performance and topic review: 1. What is a rock-garden? 2. What decorative plants are suitable for growing in rock-gardens? 3. What kinds of flowers will blossom in rock-gardens in spring, summer and autumn? 4. What are the botanical names of flowers suitable for rock-gardens?

Information Sources: 1. HATTATT, Lance. The gardening year. 1997. ISBN 078 – 9955 – 21 – 249 – 2. 2. MARGELIENĖ, Jolanta. Dekoratyviųjų augalų panaudojimo pagrindai. I dalis. Mokymo priemonė. Mastaičiai, 2010. ISBN 978-9955-27-213-7 (I dalis). 3. VAIDELYS, Jonas et al. Gėlininkystė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5. 4. Цветоводство. Moskva. ISSN 0041-4905. 5. Encyclopedia of flowers. http://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012 Lecturer

______name and last name Variant No _____ (signature)

Student ______of ____group (name and last name, signature)

INTERMEDIATE TEST QUESTIONS OF SUBJECT FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE 1 intermediate test 1. What are the main botanical classificatory categories according International Botanical Nomenclature Code? 2. What are the main principals of scientific plants names determination? 3. Who was the first to formulate the binary plants Nomenclature? 4. What is a kind? 5. What is the concept of species? 6. What are the main requirements for the inscription of scientific names of plants? 7. What systematic sections of plants include the largest amount of decorative plants? 8. What does the plants morphology analyse? 9. What are the functions of plant roots? 10. What kinds of plant roots can you name? 11. What kinds of flowers have taproots? 12. What functions does the plant stem perform? 13. How are the stems classified according their growth direction and type? 14. What types of stem changes can you name? 15. What are the functions of leaves? 16. What types of leaves can you name? 17. What forms of leaves can you name? 18. What types of leaves nervation can you name? 19. What are the functions of blooms/trusses? 20. What is a bud? 21. What types of blooms groups can you name? 22. What are the main factors of decorative plants growth and development? 23. What are the types of parterres? 24. What is a clomb? 25. What is a mixborder? 26. What is a parterre? 27. What is a small bed? 28. What is a rock-garden? 29. What is a solitaire?

EVALUATION: One correct answer equals to 1 point

Lecturer Jolanta Margelienė

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012 Lecturer

______name and last name Variant No _____ (signature)

Student ______of ____group (name and last name, signature)

INTERMEDIATE TEST QUESTIONS OF SUBJECT FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE 2 intermediate test

1. What do we call the main annual flowers? 2. What are the main pecularities of annual flowers? 3. What kinds of groundling and tall annual flowers can you name? 4. Which annual flowers have the longest blossom period? 5. What is the botanical characteristics of Common Zinnia? 6. What main annual flowers are light relishing? 7. What main annual flowers can be applied to clombs, edgings, small beds and parterres? 8. What are biennial flowers? 9. When do biennial flowers blossom? 10. What kinds of biennial flowers can you name? 11. What is the botanical characteristics of biennial English Daisy? 12. What kinds of tall biennial flowers can you name? 13. What kinds of biennial flowers can be used in beds, clombs and edgings? 14. What parterres can the Pansy be used in? 15. How are biennial flowers classified according their blossom period? 16. What spcies of biennial flowers blossom in spring? 17. What biennial flowers of longevous spring blossom can you name? 18. What spcies of flowers of spring blossom are suitable for rock-gardens, groups and for gathering? 19. What are the biennial flowers of summer blossom? 20. What kinds of flowers of summer blossom can grow in a shade? 21. How are the Peonies classified? 22. What is the botanical characteristics of White Composite? 23. What kinds of flowers of summer blossom are used in beds, clombs and edgings? 24. What kinds of biennial flowers blossom in autumn? 25. Where can Small Chrysanthemum be used? 26. What species of biennial flowers do blossom in summer and autumn? 27. How are bulbous flowers classified? 28. What large bulbous flowers can you name? 29. What small bulbous flowers can you name? 30. When do the bulbous flowers blossom? 31. Where can Narcissus be used? 32. Where can Tulips be used? 33. Where can Grape Hyacinth be used? 34. What types of parterres can bulbous flowers be applied to? 35. What types of flowers are classified to corm flowers? 36. What types of biennial flowers do not winter outside? 37. What is the botanical characteristics of Glads? 38. What are the most popular species of Saffron? 39. What kinds of flowers not wintering outside can be used as solitaires? 40. What kinds of corm flowers can be used for bouquets?

FORM: Ser. English name Latin name of a Family Height Bloom Need for Usage No of a flower flower colour light 1. Pansy

2.

EVALUATION: One correct answer equals to 1 point

Lecturer Jolanta Margelienė

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012

Lecturer ______Idalija Buzienė Variant No 1 (signature)

Student ______of _____ group (name and last name, signature)

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE 1 intermediate test (variant I)

1. European Yew 2. Blue Spruce 3. Aurescens

Student performs in writing the tasks provided to him by the lecturer. Intermediate test consists of three questions.

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012

Lecturer ______Idalija Buzienė Variant No 2 (signature)

Student ______of _____ group (name and last name, signature)

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE 1 intermediate test (variant I)

1. White Fir 2. Black Pine 3. Lawson Cypress

Student performs in writing the tasks provided to him by the lecturer. Intermediate test consists of three questions.

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012

Lecturer ______Idalija Buzienė Variant No 3 (signature)

Student ______of _____ group (name and last name, signature)

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE 1 intermediate test (variant I)

1. Douglas Fir 2. Japanese Larch 3. Common Juniper

Student performs in writing the tasks provided to him by the lecturer. Intermediate test consists of three questions.

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012 Lecturer ______Name and last name Variant No ._____ (signature)

Student ______of _____ group (name and last name, signature)

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE Examination questions

1. Annual flowers: Wax Begonia, the French Marigold, Annual Clary, Flossflower. 2. Biennial flowers: Pansy, English daisy. 3. Perennial flowers of spring blossom: Spring Pheasant's-eye, Wild blue phlox, Japanese Anemone, Primrose, Honorabile Iris. 4. Perennial flowers of summer blossom: Chinese Astilbe, Silver Princess, Yellow Day-lily. 5. Perennial flowers of autumn blossom: the New England Aster, Canada Goldenrod. 6. Bulbous flowers: White Lilies, Crown imperial, Common Snowdrop. 7. Corm flowers: Hybrid Grandiflora, Common Crocus, Autumn Crocus. 8. Water ponds and riverside plants: Yellow Iris, Water Lilly, Purple Loosestrife. 9. To recognize outdoor flowers. 10. To provide a schematic parterre: rock-garden, clombe, mixborder, group, small bed and solitaire.

EVALUATION: One question equals to 1 point

Lecturer Jolanta Margelienė

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

CONFIRMED BY: Manager of Department of Gardening and Agricultural Technologies ______Jonas Vaidelys

Study form: Continual studies Study programme: Gardening Territories Engineering Subject: Fundamentals of Decorative Plants Usage Group: ZT 1 Semester: 3 Lecturer: Idalija Buzienė Crediting form: Examination

Crediting date: January, 2013

Aims of the subject, the achievement level of which is assessed in the task: 1.To evaluate the bioecological and decorative characteristics of conifer trees and bushes as well as their usage in gardening areas. 2.To evaluate the bioecological and decorative characteristics of deciduous trees and bushes as well as their usage in gardening areas.

Lecturer ______Idalija Buzienė (signature) (name and last name)

LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION MARK:______

Date: ______, 2012 Lecturer ______Idalija Buzienė Variant No _____ (signature)

Student ______of _ZT 1__ZTI 1_____group (name and last name, signature)

FUNDAMENTALS OF DECORATIVE PLANTS USAGE Examination (Part I – theoretical questions)

Student performs in writing the tasks provided to him by the lecturer. Examination consists of three questions.

1. Common Spruce 2. Common Scots pine 3. European Yew 4. White Fir 5. Mountain Pine 6. Black Pine 7. Siberian Fir 8. Maidenhair tree 9. Colorado Spruce 10.White Spruce 11.Common Pine 12.Douglas Fir 13.Arborvitae 14.Lawson Cypress 15.Red Cedar 16.Common Juniper 17.Common Oak 18.Hawthorn 19.Black Elder 20.Red Hawthorn 21.Rowan 22.Red Oak 23.Kobushi Magnolia 24.Mountain-ash 25.Japanese Spiraea 26.Common Beech 27.Common hornbeam 28.Silver birch 29.Katsura 30.Tulip Tree 31.Shiny Cotoneaster 32.Common Lilac 33.Common Ash 34.Common Barberry 35.Plants for decorative pools 36.Plants tolerating shade 37.Light relishing plants 38.Deciduous bushes in beautiful blossom 39.Deciduous bushes in colourful leaves 40.Plants for supporting walls 41.Decorative plants for avenues 42.Plants for rock-gardens 43.Plants resistant to polluted city air. 44.Plants for decorative cutting 45.Plants for individual planting 46.Plants intended to make green walls 47.Plants for hedges 48 Plants for secondary walls.