DOCSLIB.ORG

Narcissus Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Narcissus Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide Crop Walkers’ Guide Narcissus Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide Introduction Narcissus growers can encounter a range of problems that can impact on both the quality and yield of flowers and bulbs unless they are identified and dealt with. Often, such problems are linked to pests and diseases, but a range of physiological and cultural disorders may also be encountered. This AHDB Horticulture Crop Walkers’ Guide has been created to assist growers and agronomists in the vital task of monitoring crops in the fields and bulbs post-lifting. It is designed for use directly in the field to help with the accurate identification of pests, diseases and disorders of narcissus. Images of the key stages of each pest or pathogen, along with typical plant symptoms produced have been included, together with succinct bullet point comments to assist with identification. As it is impossible to show all symptoms of every pest, disease or disorder, growers are advised to familiarise themselves with the range of symptoms that can be expressed and be aware of new problems that may occasionally arise. For other bulb and cut flower crops, see the AHDB Horticulture Cut Flower Crop Walkers’ Guide. This guide does not attempt to offer advice on available control measures as these frequently change. Instead, having identified a particular pest, disease or disorder, growers should refer to other AHDB Horticulture publications which contain information on currently available control measures. Nathalie Key Knowledge Exchange Manager (Narcissus) AHDB Horticulture Introduction 1 Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide Contents Section 1 – Pests SECTION 1 Aphids 1.1 Caterpillars 1.2 Mites, bulb 1.3 Mite, bulb-scale 1.4 Narcissus fly, small 1.5 Narcissus fly, large 1.6 Nematodes, root lesion (and others) 1.7 Nematodes, stem (and bulb) 1.8 Slugs and snails 1.9 Diseases SECTION 2 BACTERIAL Soft rot 2.1 FUNGAL Basal rot 2.2 Fire 2.3 Leaf scorch 2.4 Neck rot 2.5 Penicillium bulb rot 2.6 Smoulder 2.7 White mould 2.8 VIRAL Viruses (common leaf symptoms) 2.9 Viruses (other symptoms) 2.10 2 Contents Cultural disorders SECTION 3 Chocolate spot 3.1 Daffodil rust 3.2 Flowering disorders 3.3 Frost damage 3.4 Hail and other damage 3.5 Herbicide damage 3.6 Hot-water treatment damage 3.7 Hot-water treatment damage 3.8 Mechanical damage 3.9 References SECTION 4 Acknowledgements 4.1 Photographic credits 4.2 Photographic credits 4.3 Contents 3 Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide SECTION 1 1 Pests Pests Aphids Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, etc. • Multiple aphid species affect • Antennae length and shape Narcissus – Aulacorthum solani, and colour of siphunculi (tubes Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus extending from rear of the body) persicae etc. are used for species identification. • Aphids are small (around 2 mm • Migrating winged aphids rarely in length) and pear-shaped, they feed on narcissus, though several are found on the underside of common species may spread leaves and in the growing points virus through exploratory probing. of plants. Pests 1.1 Caterpillars Korscheltellus lupulina, Hepialus humuli and other species • Adult female ghost swift moths • Caterpillars of common swift (H. humuli) (bottom left image) moth, which emerge from eggs tend to be small (40–70 mm dropped in flight, can make large wingspan), brown or yellow and holes in the sides and bases of inconspicuous (the male ghost daffodil bulbs. swift moth has white forewings). • Caterpillars of the ghost swift Caterpillars develop to 40–50 mm moth, are also an occasional pest. in length, with a translucent body and a brown head (top left image). • Caterpillars of other moths found feeding on flower buds (bottom • The common or garden swift right image) probably occur moth (K. lupulina) (top right image) opportunistically. can be a pest of daffodils. 1.2 Pests Mites, bulb Rhizoglyphus and Histiostoma species • Bulb mites are pale in colour and • Generally, bulb mites occur in have two dark spots. They are large numbers as secondary clearly visible to the naked eye, pests on damaged bulbs and being much larger (up to 0.9 mm are often associated with fungi in in length) than the bulb-scale mite damaged, musty bulbs. Mites can (0.2 mm). also penetrate bulbs and become established internally. Pests 1.3 Mite, bulb-scale Steneotarsonemus laticeps • The bulb-scale mite is • Feeding produces leaves that light-coloured and only just visible are shinier than normal and with to the naked eye. They usually saw-tooth marginal marks (top occur in the top third of the right image). Dark feeding marks bulb, mainly in the neck region, are produced within the bulb and attacking the new shoots as can be seen when the bulb is cut the weather warms. transversely or lengthways. • The pest occurs sporadically in the field, however it multiplies rapidly on protected crops. 1.4 Pests Narcissus fly, small Eumerus strigatus and E. tuberculatus • Adults are around 6 mm in • Unlike large narcissus fly, larvae length and less ‘bumblebee-like’ occur in groups within the bulb in appearance than the large and two or three generations can narcissus fly. Eggs are around occur per year. They can pupate 0.8 mm in length and pupae in storage; cocoons can be found are 6 mm long. in bulb stores and on containers. • Adults lay eggs only on damaged • Generally a minor pest, but its or weak bulbs. presence is a good indication of a need to improve bulb husbandry. Pests 1.5 Narcissus fly, large Merodon equestris • Adults are hoverflies resembling • Larvae always occur singly within small bumblebees (around 12 mm bulbs. It eats away the centre in length). They emerge from the of the bulb leaving a mass of soil during May/June and become granular debris and can reach active when temperatures are 18 mm in length by the autumn. above 20°C. The pest pupates in the soil. • Eggs are laid on the foliage close • Commercially significant and can to the soil and the larvae crawl cause substantial losses in warm down and enter the bulb in early summers in South West England. summer via the base plate (one Also occurs in eastern England. generation per year). 1.6 Pests Nematodes, root lesion (and others) Pratylenchus penetrans, Aphelenchoides subtenuis, etc. • Root lesion nematodes are • Root lesion nematodes mostly microscopic (0.8 mm in length) occur on the Isles of Scilly where and their feeding damages roots clean land for bulb production is allowing the fungus Cylindrocarpon scarce, exacerbated by destructans to enter through multi-year growing. wounds. Typical symptoms include • Other nematode species are virus weak and rotting roots, stunted vectors. Potato cyst nematode plants and gaps within crops. does not attack daffodils, but • Narcissus bulb and leaf nematode bulbs for sale must be clean to and associated rots occur rarely on ensure it is not carried. the Isles of Scilly, with similar effects. Pests 1.7 Nematodes, stem (and bulb) Ditylenchus dipsaci • Nematodes are microscopic • Cutting bulbs transversely reveals translucent worms (previously brown rings (top right image). referred to as eelworms) about Off-white blobs of ‘wool’ may 1–2 mm in length. exude from the base plate that can survive for over 10 years (bottom • Bulb infestation leads to patches left image). of poor crop growth in the field. Other symptoms include • EU quarantine pest and universal characteristic yellow ‘spikkels’ threat to daffodil growing. on leaf margins and stem keels. 1.8 Pests Slugs and snails Arion hortensis, Deroceras reticulatum, etc. and Helix species • The field and garden slugs are • Slugs cause extensive damage the most common and damaging to daffodils above and below species. The field slug is light ground, especially in mild, brown in colour and 3–4 cm in damp weather and on heavy length (top left image), the garden soils. Coronas of some varieties slug is grey or black and grows up are prone to attack by slugs. to 4 cm. Slugs are now recognised as a significant pest of daffodils. • A number of snail species can graze widely on stems, leaves, buds and flowers. Pests 1.9 Narcissus Crop Walkers’ Guide SECTION 2 Diseases BACTERIAL FUNGAL VIRAL Diseases 2 BACTERIAL Soft rot Rhizopus species • Affects bulbs stored at high • Bulbs rot quickly to mushy, humidity and temperature (above grey-white mass covered with 80% RH and 30°C). The disease coarse mycelium (top left image). can occur during warm storage, • Not often seen now, but Rhizopus in non-temperature-controlled soft rot can develop quickly under transport and during poor storage conditions. propagation (‘chipping’). Diseases – Bacterial 2.1 FUNGAL Basal rot Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi • Bulb foliage may die down • If the bulb is cut lengthways, a prematurely in affected plants moist chocolate-brown rot can be (top left image). On lifting, bulbs seen spreading upwards from the may feel soft or may already be basal plate (bottom right image). completely rotted or dried out • Cultivars differ in susceptibility: (bottom left image). some popular cultivars are highly • White or pink fungal growth susceptible; some resistant ones may be visible externally on seem able to lose their resistance. the base (top right image). Basal rot can cause major losses in storage. The disease develops rapidly at 20–30°C. 2.2 Diseases – Fungal FUNGAL Fire Sclerotinia polyblastis • Initially causes water-soaked • Prevalent under mild, humid spots on flowers, spots turning conditions such as those in brown with visible sporulation. South West England. Affects Spores infect leaves (often near Tazetta (and to a lesser extent, tips) giving small, elliptical, mainstream) cultivars. pale-brown spots, later accompanied by yellow streaking up and down leaf (bottom image).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sequence Analysis of the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum Euphorbiae Transcriptome Identified Two New Viruses Marcella A
    Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Faculty Articles and Research Research 3-29-2018 Sequence Analysis of the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Transcriptome Identified Two New Viruses Marcella A. Texeira University of California, Riverside Noa Sela Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Hagop S. Atamian Chapman University, [email protected] Ergude Bao University of California, Riverside Rita Chaudhury University of California, Riverside See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/sees_articles Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Biosecurity Commons, Entomology Commons, Parasitology Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Teixeira MA, Sela N, Atamian HS, Bao E, Chaudhary R, MacWilliams J, et al. (2018) Sequence analysis of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae transcriptome identified two new viruses. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0193239. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0193239 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Research at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sequence Analysis of the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum
    [Show full text]
  • A Check List of the Aphi Ds of Tasmania and Their Recorded Host Plants
    PAPERS ANI) PROCF,EDINGS OF THS ROYAL SOClmy 0>' TASMANIA, VOLUliUil 97 A CHECK LIST OF THE APHI DS OF TASMANIA AND THEIR RECORDED HOST PLANTS By E .•1. MARTYN and L. W. MILLER Entomology Division, Department 'OJ Agriculture, Hobart ABSTRACT identity have been omitted. The only exception In this first check list of the aphids occurring in is for some of the aphid trap records where the Tasmania, 69 species are recorded. Of these 4:ol la.rge bulk of common species has not been retained. have been recorded from bO'th host plants and The information is complete to December 31st, 1961. aphid traps, 12 on host plants only and 15 solely Later records have been included only in exceptional from traps. The host plant list comprises 148 instances. species from 46 botanical famiUes. LIST OF APHID SPECIES INTRODUCTION L Acyrthosiphon pelargonii (Kalt.) s.str. Although various species of aphids have been recorded from time to time by previous Government Host: Erodium 'moschatum (L.) Ait. Entomologists (Thompson, 1892 and 1895; Lea, 1908; Localities: Grove, New Town, Triabunna. Evans, 1943) no check list of the aphids occurring Collection Dates: Oct., Nov. in Tasmania has ever been published. When one of Trap Records: April, June, July, Sept.-Dec. us (L,W.M.) initiated a study of the aphid fauna of Tasmania in 1944 there was virtually a complete 2. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Ha.rris) ssp, spartii lack of specimens, identified or not, in the col­ (Koch). lection of the Tasmanian Department of Agricul­ Hosts: Cytisus 'monspessulanus L, Lathyrus ture. This was unfortunate as it prevented a sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoverflies: the Garden Mimics
    Article Hoverflies: the garden mimics. Edmunds, Malcolm Available at http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1620/ Edmunds, Malcolm (2008) Hoverflies: the garden mimics. Biologist, 55 (4). pp. 202-207. ISSN 0006-3347 It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. For more information about UCLan’s research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for <name of research Group>. For information about Research generally at UCLan please go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/ All outputs in CLoK are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including Copyright law. Copyright, IPR and Moral Rights for the works on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the policies page. CLoK Central Lancashire online Knowledge www.clok.uclan.ac.uk Hoverflies: the garden mimics Mimicry offers protection from predators by convincing them that their target is not a juicy morsel after all. it happens in our backgardens too and the hoverfly is an expert at it. Malcolm overflies are probably the best the mimic for the model and do not attack Edmunds known members of tbe insect or- it (Edmunds, 1974). Mimicry is far more Hder Diptera after houseflies, blue widespread in the tropics than in temperate bottles and mosquitoes, but unlike these lands, but we have some of the most superb insects they are almost universally liked examples of mimicry in Britain, among the by the general public. They are popular hoverflies.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa
    agriculture Article Seasonal Phenology of the Major Insect Pests of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Natural Enemies in a Traditional Zone and Two New Production Zones of Peru Luis Cruces 1,2,*, Eduardo de la Peña 3 and Patrick De Clercq 2 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru 2 Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +051-999-448427 Received: 30 November 2020; Accepted: 14 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Abstract: Over the last decade, the sown area of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been increasingly expanding in Peru, and new production fields have emerged, stretching from the Andes to coastal areas. The fields at low altitudes have the potential to produce higher yields than those in the highlands. This study investigated the occurrence of insect pests and the natural enemies of quinoa in a traditional production zone, San Lorenzo (in the Andes), and in two new zones at lower altitudes, La Molina (on the coast) and Majes (in the “Maritime Yunga” ecoregion), by plant sampling and pitfall trapping. Our data indicated that the pest pressure in quinoa was higher at lower elevations than in the highlands. The major insect pest infesting quinoa at high densities in San Lorenzo was Eurysacca melanocampta; in La Molina, the major pests were E. melanocampta, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Liriomyza huidobrensis; and in Majes, Frankliniella occidentalis was the most abundant pest.
    [Show full text]
  • Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
    Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection and Molecular Characterization of the Iris Severe Mosaic Virus-Ir Isolate from Iran
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 55, No. 3 (2015) DOI: 10.1515/jppr-2015-0032 Detection and molecular characterization of the Iris severe mosaic virus-Ir isolate from Iran Masoud Nateqi, Mina Koohi Habibi, Akbar Dizadji*, Shirin Parizad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran Received: January 28, 2015 Accepted: June 26, 2015 Abstract: Iris belongs to the Iridaceae family. It is one of the most important pharmaceutical and ornamental plants in the world. To assess the potyvirus incidence in natural resources of iris plants in Iran, Antigen Coated-Plate ELISA (ACP-ELISA) was performed on 490 symptomatic rhizomatous iris leaf samples, which detected the potyvirus in 36.7% of the samples. Genomic 3’ end of one mechanically non-transmitted potyvirus isolate, comprising a 3’ untranslated region (390 bp) and C-terminus of the coat protein (CP) gene (459 bp), was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which was ligated into pTG19-T vector. The nucleotide sequence of amplicons was compared with related sequences, using Blastn software available at NCBI GenBank, and showed the highest similarity with Iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) isolates. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the CP C-terminus region was more than 83% identical with other ISMV isolates, therefore this isolate was designated as ISMV-Ir. This new ISMV isolate is closely related to the Chinese ISMV-PHz in phylogenetic analysis, based on the partial nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the CP region.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Plant Volatiles and the Sexual Reproduction of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum Euphorbiae
    Insects 2014, 5, 783-792; doi:10.3390/insects5040783 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Article Host Plant Volatiles and the Sexual Reproduction of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Jessica Hurley 1, Hiroyuki Takemoto 2,3, Junji Takabayashi 2 and Jeremy N. McNeil 1,* 1 Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University 2-509-3, Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (H.T.); [email protected] (J.T.) 3 Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836, Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-519-661-3487; Fax: +1-519-661-3935. Received: 1 April 2014; in revised form: 9 October 2014 / Accepted: 9 October 2014 / Published: 24 October 2014 Abstract: In late summer, heteroecious aphids, such as the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, move from their secondary summer host plants to primary host plants, where the sexual oviparae mate and lay diapausing eggs. We tested the hypothesis that volatiles of the primary host, Rosa rugosa, would attract the gynoparae, the parthenogenetic alate morph that produce oviparae, as well as the alate males foraging for suitable mates. In wind tunnel assays, both gynoparae and males oriented towards and reached rose cuttings significantly more often than other odour sources, including potato, a major secondary host. The response of males was as high to rose cuttings alone as to potato with a calling virgin oviparous female.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipterists Digest 1991 No.10
    Dipterists Digest 1991 No.10 Hoverfly Edition Dlpterlsts Digest is a popular journal aimed primarily allield dipterisls in the UK. Ireland and adjacent countries. wilh interests in recording, ecology, natural history, conservalion and identification 01 British and NW European flies. Articles may be of any length up to 3000 words. Items exceeding this length may be serialised or printed In fUll, depending on the competition lor space. They should be in clear concise English, preferably typed double spaced on one side of A4 paper. Only scientific names should be underlined. Tables should be on separate sheets. Figures drawn in clear black ink, about twice their printed size and lettered clearly. Enquiries about photographs and colour plates - please contact the Production Editor in advance as a charge may be made. Rererences should lollow the layout in this issue. Initially the scope of Dlpterlsls Digest will be:­ - Observations 01 interesting behaviour, ecology, and natural history. ...:- New and improved techniques (e.g. collecting, rearing etc.). - The conservation of flies and their habitats. - Provisional and interim reports from the Diptera Recording Schemes, including provisional and preliminary maps. - Records of new or scarce species lor regions, counties, districts etc. Local faunal accounts, tield meeting results, and 'holiday lists' with good ecological information/interpretation. Notes on identilication, additions, deletions and amendments to standard key works and checklists. - News 01 new publications/references/literature scan. Tellts concerned with the Diptera of parts 01 continental Europe adjacent to the British Isles will also be considered for publicalion, If submitted In English. DIPTERISTS DIGEST DEREK WHITELEY 17 RUSTlINGS ROAD SHEFFIELD S1 1 7AA CALLICERA AENEA, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol 10 Part 1. Diptera. Syrphidae
    Royal Entomological Society HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS To purchase current handbooks and to download out-of-print parts visit: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Copyright © Royal Entomological Society 2012 ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Vol. X. Part 1. HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS DIPTERA SYRPHIDAE By R. L. COE LONDON Published by the Society • and Sold at its Rooms 4-1, Queen's Gate, S.W. 7 2sth August, 195"3 Accession No. 4966 Author Coe R L Subject DIPTERA HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS The aim of this series of publications is to provide illustrated keys to the whole of the British Insects (in so far as this is possible), in ten volumes, as follows : I. Part I. General Introduction. Part 9. Ephemeroptera. , 2. Thysanura. , 10. Odonata. , 3. Protura. , 11. Thysanoptera. , 4. Collembola. , 12. Neuroptera. , 5. Dermaptera and , 13. :Mecoptera. Orthoptera. , 14. Trichoptera. , 6. Plecoptera. , 15. Strepsiptera. , 7. Psocoptera. , 16. Siphonaptera. , 8. Anoplura. II. Hemiptera. Ill. Lepidoptera. IV. and V. Coleoptera. VI. Hymenoptera : Symphyta and Aculeata. VII. Hymenoptera : Ichneumonoidea. VIII. Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea, Chalcidoidea, and Serphoidea. IX. Diptera: Nematocera and Brachycera. X. Diptera : Cyclorrhapha. Volumes II to X will be divided into parts of convenient size, but it is not po....a.1~u:-....:~.----.....l.L ___....__ __ _ ...:.• _ _ ....._-J....._,_. __~ _ _.__ Co ACCESSION NUMBER .................... .. .......... and each 1 >Ugh much 1ted, it is e British Entomological & Natural History Pa Society availa c/o Dinton Pastures Country Park, Oli Davis Street, Hurst, 1trar at th• Reading, Berkshire Tli RG10 OTH cost of init Presented by ..
    [Show full text]
  • California Geophytesgeophytes
    $12.00 (Free to Members) VOL. 44, NO.3 • DECEMBER 2016 FREMONTIAFREMONTIA JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY SPECIAL ISSUE: VOL. 44, NO. 3, DECEMBER 2016 FREMONTIA CALIFORNIACALIFORNIA GEOPHYTESGEOPHYTES V44_3_cover.pmd 1 2/20/17, 5:26 AM CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY CNPS, 2707 K Street, Suite 1; Sacramento, CA 95816-5130 FREMONTIA Phone: (916) 447-2677 Fax: (916) 447-2727 Web site: www.cnps.org Email: [email protected] VOL. 44, NO. 3, DECEMBER 2016 MEMBERSHIP Copyright © 2016 Members receive many benefits, including subscriptions to Fremontia and California Native Plant Society the CNPS Bulletin. Membership form is on inside back cover. Mariposa Lily . $1,500 Family or Group . $75 Benefactor . $600 International or Library . $75 M. Kat Anderson, Guest Editor Patron . $300 Individual . $45 Michael Kauffmann, Editor Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income . $25 CORPORATE/ORGANIZATIONAL Beth Hansen-Winter, Designer 10+ Employees . $2,500 4-6 Employees . $500 7-10 Employees . $1,000 1-3 Employees . $150 california Native STAFF & CONTRACTORS Plant Society Dan Gluesenkamp: Executive Director Marin: Charlotte Torgovitsky Chris Brown: Admin Assistant Milo Baker: Leia Giambastiani, Sarah Protecting California’s Native Flora Jennifer Buck-Diaz: Vegetation Ecologist Gordon Since 1965 Catherine Curley: Assistant Botanist Mojave Desert: Timothy Thomas Joslyn Curtis, Assistant Veg. Ecologist Monterey Bay: Christopher Hauser The views expressed by authors do not Julie Evens: Vegetation Program Dir. Mount Lassen: Woody Elliot necessarily
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing an Aphid Apocalypse
    Aphids & Their Nat. Enemies Topics of Discussion . The nature of the beast . Management options o Natural enemies o Promoting nat. enemy establishment Aphids What’s the deal? . Order = Hemiptera (True Bugs) . Soft bodied, pear shaped, 1-4 mm long . Characteristic stovepipe-looking formation on rear ends (cornicles) . > 30 different species attack greenhouse crops . Cause significant crop & revenue loss . Difficult to manage Aphids Suck What do they do? . Piercing sucking mouthparts . Insert stylets through plant tissue & remove sap from phloem o Distortion, stunting, viruses . Poop all over the plants (honeydew) & cause sooty mold growth . Scare customers away o Visual & food quality issue Where Did They Come From? They don’t just magically appear!!!! . Weeds . Overwintered pet plants (continuous cropping) . Hitchhiked on cuttings/stock . The big outside world The Nature of Aphids In order to manage pests, you should know about their LIFE CYCLES . What do their life stages look like? . When in their life do they causes damage? . What stages do natural enemies attack? o What are the life cycles of the natural enemies? They Just Want to Live Their Lives Like The Rest of Us Life Cycle Basics Immature insects are called either NYMPHS or LARVAE What’s the difference? In the simplest terms…. METAMORPHOSIS (changes through molting/shedding their skin) . Simple – Immatures - NYMPHS (similar body form as adult, not sexually mature & wingless) ex. Aphids & Stink bugs . Complete – Immatures - LARVAE (look very different from the adult, go through a pupa stage). ex. Beetles & Flies Life Cycle How do aphids become a problem? Nymphs Inside greenhouses its simple…… Incoming aphids finds a preferred host Adults Then they multiply FAST!!!! .
    [Show full text]
  • For Biological Control of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the Continental United States
    United States Department of Agriculture Field Release of Aphelinus Marketing and Regulatory glycinis (Hymenoptera: Programs Animal and Aphelinidae) for Biological Plant Health Inspection Service Control of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, September 2012 Field Release of Aphelinus glycinis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Biological Control of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, September 2012 Agency Contact: Shirley Wager-Page, Branch Chief Pest Permitting Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737–1236 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees or warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information.
    [Show full text]