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The Body Systems

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The Body Systems The essential systems of the body The 11 systems that keep us alive • Integumentary system • Respiratory System • Muscular System • Endocrine System • Skeletal System • Digestive System • Circulatory System • Urinary System • Nervous System • Reproductive System • Lymphatic system The Integumentary System • This is the system that holds your body together • Consists of the skin, the hair, nails, and even the glands • The skin is made up of several different layers and creates a physical layer protecting all internal organs • The skin is the largest organ in the body The Muscular System • The muscular system is the system that creates any movement, voluntary or involuntary • Three types of muscles- • Skeletal – Voluntary, mainly attached to bones • Smooth – Involuntary, mainly in organs • Cardiac – Involuntary, only in the heart The Skeletal System • The framework of the body • Basic framework combined with joints and skeletal muscle creates movement while still being sturdy • Bones, Cartilages, Ligaments The Circulatory System • This is the system of vessels that carries the blood from the heart to the organs then back to the heart • The blood provides a variety of nutrients, hormones and oxygen throughout the entire body • Contains both oxygenated and unoxygenated blood The Nervous System • This is the system in which a signal is transferred from the brain to a specialized portion of the body to complete an action • This is known as the motor portion • This system also picks up physical changes as well, such as temperature, touch, and pain • This is known as the sensory portion The Lymphatic System • This system helps remove toxins from the body through lymphatic vessels that transfer lymph throughout the body • The main organ involved in the lymphatic system is the Spleen • Lymph is created through the flow of interstitial fluid through the lymphatic vessels Respiratory system • This is where unoxygenated blood goes to be oxidized • Oxygen is held in the hemoglobin molecule in the blood • The main organ involved in the respiratory system is the lungs • Cellular metabolism produces the CO2 we breath out Endocrine System • The endocrine system is made up primarily of glands • These glands release hormones which transport through the blood to separate organs throughout the body • These hormones then cause effects such as excitation or inhibition • Hormones can regulate actions such as sleep, mood, and metabolism The Digestive System • This system is dedicated to breaking down the food you digest into its building blocks to be used as energy and nutrients for the body • The main building blocks are proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids • Lipid and carbohydrate degradation starts in the mouth through the saliva, but protein digestion does not occur until they reach the low pH of the stomach The Digestive System The Urinary System • This system is where toxic waste is completely excreted from the body • The path of urine starts in the kidneys and ends when the external urinary sphincter relaxes • The toxins being filtered out are coming from the blood stream The Reproduction System • The reproductive system is where new life can be created • The reproductive system of males and females are vastly different and have few similarities • The main hormone present in male reproduction is testosterone while females mainly produce estrogen • Both males and females create both testosterone and estrogen, but the concentrations are vastly different.
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