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The Correlation Between Community Care Centres and the Social Interaction Among the Elderly

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The Correlation Between Community Care Centres and the Social Interaction Among the Elderly Research Article Open Access Journal of Research Article Biomedical Science ISSN: 2690-487X The Correlation between Community Care Centres and the Social Interaction among the Elderly Miao-Fen Lin1, Yi-Wen Chiu2* and Chi-Hsuan Lung3 1Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 3Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Taiwan, R.O.C. ABSTRACT “Aging in place” is a common strategy to cope with the problem of aging and advocate the promotion of social interaction among the aged people. Taiwan is also looking forward to the active aging of the elderly through the participation of community activities. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of participation in community care centres on social interactions among the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional questionnaire to collect data. A total of 92 valid samples were analysed with health promotion activities, and who participate more frequently and for longer periods of time. Community based care centres can promoteSPSS 22.0. better Research social has interactions shown that for social the elderly. interactions We should are significantly properly plan better and fordesign older a varietypeople ofwho courses have jobs,to enable who participatethe elderly toin continue to actively participate in society. KEYWORDS: Community based care center; Elderly; Social interaction; Aging in place INTRODUCTION Wu [1]; Wu [2] pointed out in the studies that if the elderly could Aging, accompanied by the decline of physical functions, the continue to participate in social activities, interact with people, occurrence of diseases and changes in social role, social status or lifestyles, may reduce the opportunity for social interaction, which and satisfaction of positive emotions to maintain the abilities of would further affect the self-identity of the elderly, resulting in independentand maintain living,their social which roles, could they help could them achieve with self-affirmationthe adaptation negative and pessimistic emotions, making it easy for the elderly to to their later life and thereby prevent and delay the degradation feel lonely and lose vitality in life Wu [1]; Wu [2]. of physical and mental functions. Lewis et al. [5] indicated in the Rowe [3] pointed out in the theory of successful aging that study that the elderly could acquire health resources through social active participation in activities could facilitate social interaction, interactions with friends, family members, community and local and in the interaction process, support from others can be obtained organizations that would further change their health behaviour. Pieter-Paul [6] pointed out that those with active participation in Health Organization (WHO) even positively presented Active Aging activities with friends and family members and those with social inthrough 2002, exchanges,advocating which “the processwould beof beneficialdoing the forbest health. to improve World networks were positively correlated with their self-rated health. health, social participation and safety to improve the quality of life Steptoe [7] conducted a longitudinal study on the correlation as we age” to construct an age-friendly living environment based on between social contacts and the health of the elderly, and the results this concept WHO [4]. correlated with mortality. Hsieh [8] also found in the study that suggested that social isolation and loneliness were significantly Quick Response Code: Address for correspondence: Yi-Wen Chiu, Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Received: September 15, 2020 Published: October 12, 2020 How to cite this article: Miao-Fen L, Yi-Wen C, Chi-Hsuan L. The Correlation between Community Care Centres and the Social Interaction among the Elderly. 2020 - 3(1) OAJBS. ID.000226. DOI: 10.38125/OAJBS.000226 C 2020 Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science 648 Open Acc J Bio Sci. October- 3(1): 648-657 Yi-Wen Chiu Research Article when the retired seniors participated in meaningful activities more power=0.8 as the set parameters. After calculation by the software, often after retirement and maintained their consistent lifestyle, the required sample size was 84. A total number of 106 participants their overall quality of life would be better. It can be observed that were recruited, with a loss of 14 participants, so the effective sample when the elderly maintains certain activities and interpersonal size of this study was 92. relationships, it is easier to promote their physiological functions. The community care centres are open on weekdays, and the Due to the rising aging index in Taiwan, the population service items formally provided are home visits, friendly phone dependency structure is mainly focused on old-age dependency, calls, food catering and health promotion activities, and the detailed coupled with the concept of “a falling leaf should return to the roots” service items may vary depending on different centres. In terms of in traditional Chinese culture, people hope to settle down in their food catering service, it is averagely provided once to twice a week, familiar life circle in their later life due to the connection with the but some centres only provide food delivery while some provide land. Therefore, aging in place has been the long-term goal for the both food delivery and group meals; health promotion activities aging policy in Taiwan. As a result, the government authority has are provided twice a week. In addition, the centres also provide actively promoted the establishment of Community Care Centres to informal library services, including blood pressure measurement, advocate the maintenance or active development of the social role of the elderly for them to adapt to changes in the environment. The area, and the space of the centres also serves as a recreational and relaxingfitness equipment, place for the newspapers public. and magazines, karaoke, and tea for activities, serving as a link between the elderly and their family memberscommunity as care well centres as the neighbours.can provide Ata convenient the same time, and diversethrough field the The research tool of this study was a structured questionnaire strength of associations and volunteers, primary preventive care whose content included two parts: basic information and services can be provided to the elderly in good health and sub- social interaction. Basic information contained demographic health in the communities, such as home visits, friendly phone characteristics and activity participation. The social interaction calls, counselling and referrals, health promotion and food catering. scale comprehensively referred to those from scholars such as Chen Through the provision of various services and arrangement of [14]; Lin [15]; Chen [16]; Ko [11] and was divided into emotional, activities of the care centres, the social interaction of the elderly can instrumental, informational and interactive aspects. In addition, be increased, strengthening their social participation and sense of considering that the government has set up community care belonging in the community to activate their elderly life and prevent the community to enhance the interaction between the elderly and and delay disability Social and Family Affairs Administration centres to provide the elderly a field for leisure and recreation in Ministry of Health and Welfare [9]. their neighbours, the researcher revised the scales after referring to literature and focused on the family relationship and neighbour Lee [10] analysed the elders receiving the services of the relationship under the four aspects of the scale for discussion. A community care centres and found considerable effects on the 5-point Likert Scale was adopted for scoring, and the scores ranged improvement and maintenance of their physiological and mental from 5 to 1 for “Strongly Agree”, “Agree”, “Neutral”, “Disagree” and health after their participation in the services provided. Ko [11] “Strongly Disagree” respectively. After summing up the points of every aspect, the higher the score, the better the social interaction. use of the services provided by the community care centres, such On the contrary, the lower the score, the worse the social interaction. asalso the had health the same promotion findings activities, in the study their that physical when and the mental elderly health made The scale used expert content validity testing, and the overall scale as well as their perceived changes of their social functions could in their survey on the effectiveness of the community care centres reliabilityAfter collecting,Cronbachs’α coding reached and .960. documenting the questionnaire amongbe significantly the elderly improved. users in Cheng Taiwan [12] and also concluded proved thatthis theargument users’ living space was expanded, their frequency of interaction with statisticaldata, SPSS Statisticsanalysis 22.0were was carried used forout statistical according analysis to the with research α=.05 friends and relatives was also increased, and more than 80% of the as the basis for significant level, and descriptive and inferential users had good physical and mental health. questions. The government has set up community care centres to construct RESULTS It was known from sample analysis (Table 1) that females accounted for 56.5% of the participants; most of the participants a social network for the elderly
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