Gilbert-4662.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
!1 BUILDING BRIDGES: BRIDGING WORLDS The Unique Contribution to the University of Dr Lionel Gilbert , O.A.M., B.A.(Hons), Ph.D., Hon. Doctor of the University. John Atchison Introduction During the 1930s, whilst the elements of higher education were still being set in Armidale, three persons were making their own ways into activities and roles which would merge later to establish in New England a distinctive approach to the understanding of Australia’s past: of its local, family and applied history. In Sydney, Lionel Arthur James Gilbert born at Burwood on 8 December 1924 to Reginald Arthur Gilbert and Alma Alice, née Taylor, was progressing through schooling at Burwood Primary, Homebush Intermediate and Fort Street High Schools before coming under the important influence of emergent botanist, Thistle Yolette Harris at the Sydney Teachers College.1 At the opposite end of the British Empire, William George Hoskins, a lecturer in commerce, was spending his weekends walking and bicycling the long-farmed fields of East Leicestershire.2 Formative backgrounds Both Harris and Hoskins would teach botanists and historians how to look at landscape in new ways and to realise the importance of the most meticulous fieldwork. Lionel Gilbert was destined to pick up on their professional insights and to make Armidale a centre of importance in locality studies with far-reaching contributions to education, historical and botanical research, as well as to the enrichment of regional society and the wider nation. For most of this decade Thistle Harris, already familiar with the flora of western New South Wales and with an appreciation of the importance of ecology, was teaching at St George Girls’ High School and she had initiated a campaign to plant native trees and shrubs around Kogarah. In March 1938 she took up a lectureship in biology at Sydney Teachers College.3 W.G. Hoskins, deeply rooted in the soil of his native Devon, was evolving from economic history through social history to making ‘the transition from local 1 Genealogical information from Anne Gilbert, Armidale, 14.02.2013. 2 Based on discussions July 1996-March 1997 at Department of English Local History, Marc Fitch House, University of Leicester with Charles Phythian-Adams (former student of Hoskins) and Harold Fox. 3 Joan Webb, ‘Thistle Yolette Stead’, Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB),18. !2 historian of the type whose work is of interest to local amateurs to elevator of local historiography on to a plane where it became of universal interest and made a secure place for itself as a university discipline’.4 His weekend trips around East Leicestershire, the county with the most even distribution of villages on the English landscape, were with Frederick Attenborough, Principal of the University College of Leicester, an affiliate of the University of London. Attenborough, (father of Richard and David), and Hoskins combined their complementary interests to obtain an ever- growing understanding of this farming landscape which stood in marked contrast to its more industrialised western half.5 From this experience and reflection, combined with an enviable immersion in charter rolls, maps and documents, would emerge in 1955 W.G. Hoskins’, The Making of the English Landscape, a work which ranks amongst the most influential historical works of the twentieth century.6 A university first As the UNE School of Humanities states on its website, the pioneering work of Lionel Gilbert is ‘arguably the first time a tertiary education institution in Australia dared to introduce these popular history areas as part of its teaching and research profile’.7 It will be seen that this tradition in Armidale combines aspects of the approaches of Harris, Hoskins and, especially, Eric Dunlop with other factors. Lionel Gilbert had worked closely with his postgraduate supervisors Noel Beadle in Botany and Russell Ward in Australian History. It will be suggested his research achievement combined uniquely the research aspirations of the early decades of UNE with the core philosophy of the older tertiary institution in Armidale, one with a decade long pioneering achievement before the establishment of the New England University College: teaching primary school curriculum history as part of the training programme but not, it seems, any local history.8 In many areas over coming decades both institutions were to interact, not least of all in the teaching of history. Armidale Teachers’ College had long prided itself on its distinctive ethos: the production of sound, grounded practical class-room teachers but with a respect and emulation for scholarship. Its evolution into the Armidale College of Advanced Education provided Lionel Gilbert with a brief window of opportunity to secure 4 ‘Professor W.G.Hoskins’,The Times,15 January 1992; ‘Giving life to history’, The Guardian,14 January 1992. 5 As above, n.2. 6 D. Hey (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Local and Applied History, Oxford, OUP, 1996,p.224.See,esp., W.G.Hoskins, The Making of the English Landscape (Introduction and Commentary by Christopher Taylor), London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1998 (rarely available within Australia). 7 http://www.une.edu.au/humanities/lfah/28.01.2013. 8 E.S. Elphick, The College on the Hill, Armidale,ACAE, 1989,pp.42,47. !3 funding to establish the New England Historical Resources Centre, a facility which was to help mould the existing Armidale tradition in local, family and applied history.9 Gilbert the Pioneer Tracing through the career of Lionel Arthur Gilbert leads to an appreciation of the individual roles and achievements of the predecessor institutions in shaping the present Armidale tradition. His own evolution and development as an innovator, pioneer and important historian is anchored firmly in his early career experiences as a regional schoolteacher in small communities, his deep interest in fieldwork botany and subsequent scholarship in a newly autonomous University. This helps explain the significance of the Armidale tradition, as well as make it distinctive compared with its obvious counterpart in midlands England. There are parallels between New England and Leicester; they not only achieved autonomy about the same time but share other traits.10 The similarities and differences are a little like those between Australia and Canada: they make for instructive and constructive understanding. From Sydney and to the Northern Territory Lionel had taken up a scholarship at Sydney Teachers’ College after a valuable exposure to the business world and dealing with the general public from a brief stint of working at Gowing’s Department Store on the corner of Market Street and George Street. This Sydney institution, specialising in men’s clothes and camping gear, operated mainly on the ground floor of a 1912 twelve storey building which was in marked contrast with the predominantly single storeyed Burwood of his schooldays. Gowings had not yet had its gargoyles and statuettes removed as a wartime measure so these features of the building11 appealed to a young man already renowned for a quirky, subtle and delightful sense of humour. Growing up in inner-western suburban Burwood, with its most substantial built heritage of Victorian, Federation and Interwar architecture had made a deep impression on Lionel Gilbert. He delighted especially in the Appian Way precinct which is Sydney’s, if not Australia’s, finest Federation Street and in the features, 9 C.B. Newling, The Long Day Wanes, Hunter’s Hill, L.F.Keller, 1973, p.147.L.A. Gilbert and E.S. Elphick, New England Readings, Armidale, ACAE, 1977, p.iii. 10 The University of Leicester was granted autonomy in 1957 after being founded as a College of London in 1921. 11 ‘Gowings, Gowings but not gone’, http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-news/gowings etc.,13.02.2013. !4 internal and external, of the beautiful, historic Church of St Paul with its strong evangelical tradition.12 Lionel Gilbert was thus well predisposed to savour the architecture and grounds of the Sydney Teachers’ College, located close to the noted Neo-Gothic quadrangle of the University campus. Once exposed to the inspirational impact of Thistle Harris it seems his future course was, in a sense, predestined to have lasting benefit in an appropriate arena. Wartime study and fieldwork As students enlisted in increasing numbers, the college devised a way for them to continue their studies on a part-time basis, especially those whose night-time rosters on duty would afford them time during the day to continue their studies at a distance. Thistle Harris devised notes for fieldwork collection for a class of one - Lionel. Thus continued a process already initiated in the grounds of the College and University, as well as in ‘the wilds of Woronora River Valley, at Longreef (sic) and even in Sydney Harbour’. This was an excellent grounding for Lionel, once he had completed his initial training at Tocumwal and RAAF Richmond, to collect whilst stationed at RAAF Toorbul (near Caboolture) before final, longer posting in the Northern Territory.13 Both locations, one near the Glass House Mountains the other on the Cobourg Peninsula, provided ideal settings for this keen enthusiast to collect plants and start a personal herbarium, as well as providing Harris with a reliable and constant source of seeds for her own collections and nursery. And 46 Radar Cape Don on the Cobourg Peninsula was an appropriate location for Lionel Gilbert as a radar operator for his eligible service with the RAAF.14 It is redolent with colonial history and Australia’s ambitions in Asia. Now part of Garig Gunak Barlu National Park, its significance for botanical collection is associated with Allan Cunningham whose role links nicely with Lionel’s life-work. Cunningham had collected in this area in 1818 whilst accompanying the noted hydrographic surveyor Phillip Parker King on the first of his four major surveys of the 12 J.