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JURNAL GEOGRAFI Penentuan Nilai Percepatan Tanah Maksimum

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JURNAL GEOGRAFI Penentuan Nilai Percepatan Tanah Maksimum Jurnal Geografi 17(2) (2020) 23-26 JURNAL GEOGRAFI https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JG Penentuan Nilai Percepatan Tanah Maksimum Terhadap Mitigasi Gempabumi Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, Provinsi Aceh Said Muzambiq*1, Retno Agung2, Alfian Indrajaya3 1,3 Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknologi Mineral, Institut Teknologi Medan 2 Puslitbang BMKG Jakarta Article Info Abstrak Article History Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, yang secara geografis terle- Dikirim 6 Desember 2020 tak pada koordinat 4˚54 ’15 .702 ’’ N - 5˚18 ’244 N dan 96˚1 ’13, 656 E - 96˚22 ’1.007 Diterima 15 Januari 2020 E. Fisiografi regional wilayah penelitian dimasukkan dalam peta geologi Banda Aceh, Terbit 30 Januari 2020 Lohk Seumawe, Takengon, dengan unit fisiografi Zona Kaki Bukit Barisan. Kondisi geologis daerah penelitian terdiri dari Batuan Pra-Tersier, Tersier, dan Kuarterner. Pe- nelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung, menganalisis dan menentukan nilai Puncak Keywords: Maksimal Percepatan Tanah, sehingga peta percepatan tanah dan peta zona mitigasi earthquake; disaster,; bencana gempa bumi dapat diperoleh untuk Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Berdasarkan hasil maximum value of land; pengolahan data gempa bumi di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya pada 7 Desember 2016 penulis mitigation zone map menemukan nilai maksimum percepatan tanah puncak dengan menggunakan metode Boore (1997) adalah: 225,7 - 85,8 gal. Sementara itu dengan menggunakan metode Fu- gempa bumi; bencana; kusima dan Tanaka (1992), hasilnya adalah: 115,0-115,0 gal. Dengan menggabungkan nilai maksimum tanah; faktor-faktor litologi data sebagai data pendukung lainnya untuk pembobotan, penulis peta zona mitigasi dapat menghasilkan Peta Zona Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi, dari kategori rendah hingga kategori tinggi untuk kabupaten ini. Abstract This research was carried out in the Pidie Jaya Regency area, which geographycally situa- ted at coordinates 4˚54 ‘15.702 ‘’ N - 5˚18 ‘2,244 N and 96˚1 ‘13,656 E - 96˚22 ‘1,007 E. Regional physiography of the study area is included in the geological map of Banda Aceh, Lohk Seumawe, Takengon, with the physiographic unit of the Bukit Barisan Foot Zone. The geological condition of the study area is composed of Pre-Tertiary, Tertiary and Quarternary Rocks. This study aims to calculate, analyze and determine the value of Maximum Peak of Ground Acceleration, so that ground acceleration maps and earthquake disaster mitigation zone maps can be obtained for Pidie Jaya District. Based on the results of the earthquake data processing in Pidie Jaya Regency on December 7, 2016 the author find the maximum value of peak ground acceleration using the Boore method (1997) is: 225,7 - 85,8 gal. Meanwhile by using Fukusima and Tanaka method (1992), the result is: 115,0-115,0 gal. By combining those data lithological factors as other supporting data for weighting, the author could produces an Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Zone Map, from low category untill high category for this district. © 2019 The Authors. Published by UNNES. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) * E-mail : [email protected] Address : Jl. Gedung Arca No.52, Teladan Bar., Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20217 DOI 10.15294/jg.v17i1.22372 p-ISSN 2549-3078 e-ISSN 2549-3094 24 Said Muzambiq dkk, Penentuan Nilai Percepatan Tanah Maksimum Terhadap Mitigasi Gempabumi Kabupaten ... PENDAHULUAN berdasarkan dengan keruntuhan bangunan akibat gempabumi. Analisis kerentanan bangunan ini se- Mitigasi bencana adalah serangkaian upa- bagai bagian dari langkah mitigasi untuk metode ya untuk mengurangi risiko bencana, baik mela- yang diusulkan dari penelitian ini adalah metode lui pembangunan fisik maupun penyadaran dan Boore dan Fukushima-Tanaka, untuk mendapat- peningkatan kemampuan menghadapi ancaman kan nilai percepatan tanah maksimum untuk men- bencana (PP No. 21 Tahun 2008). Secara geologis, gatasi risiko bencana gempabumi pada waktu yang Sumatera terbentuk akibat pertemuan antara tiga akan datang. (Kurnia,Darma.201) lempeng tektonik aktif yaitu lempeng Indo-austra- lia lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng pasifik Priyanto, METODE PENELITIAN Wisnu Slamet 2012. Oleh sebab itu, menurut Setia- wan (2014) dalam Hermon (2015:2) berbagai feno- Metode penelitian mencakup tahap pengam- mena seperti gempa bumi dan erupsi gunung api bilan data lapangan, Instansi BMKG, 2018 dan sering terjadi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan keadaan tahap analisis data lapangan. Tahap pengambi- tersebut maka Indonesia memiliki berbagai anca- lan data lapangan bersifat diskriptif menyangkut man bencana yang dapat terjadi kapanpun. Provin- data morfologi, litologi, struktur geologi. Data si Aceh merupakan salah satu wilayah yang rawan yang didapat dilakukan pendekatan perhitungan bencana gempabumi disebabkan pertemuan jalur dengan metode Boore dan Fukushima, and T. subduksi (Youngs, Chiou, dkk. 1997) antar lem- Tanaka (1990), Tahap analisis data lapangan me- peng India – Australia dan Eurasia (Barber, Crow liputi analisa studio untuk mengetahui sebebaran dkk, 2005), sehingga pada daerah provinsi Aceh ba- gelombang analisa studio dilakukan dengan meng- gian barat Aceh dan Tengah oleh karenanya secara gunakan program Software Arc-Gis untuk menga- garis besar intensitas atau tingkat kerusakan yang nalisis data perhitungan yang terlah dilakukan dan terjadi akibat gempabumi tergantung dari kekua- menyesuaikan dengan data yang didapat dari la- tan dan kualitas bangunan serta kondisi geologi pangan Kemudian dilakukan interpetasi data yang dan geotektonik lokasi bangunan serta percepatan bertujuan untuk menjawab tujuan dalam penelitian tanah daerah lokasi gempabumi yang terjadi. nilai sebaran gelombang terhadap goncangan gem- Daerah penelitian termasuk dalam geografi pabumi terhadap karakteristik batuan yang dilalui pidie jaya, dengan fisiografi pegunungan bukit ba- sehinga peneliti bisa menentukan arah kerusakan risan. Cameron, 1983 menjelaskan, bahwa geolo- yang ditimbulkan oleh gempabumi untuk pembua- gi dan daerah wilayah Pidie sekitarnya morfologi tan peta zonasi bencana. yang terbentuk disebabkan oleh aktifitas tektonik pergeseran lempeng yang memicu aktifitas sesar lo- HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN kal sehingga wilayah tersebut sangat rentan akan Gempabumi yang terjadi pada hari rabu terjadinya gempabumi, fenomena ini terjadi pada tanggal 7 Desember 2016 pukul 05:03:35 dengan tanggal 7 Desember 2016, Arianda, Viki 2016 kekuatan 6,5 Mw dengan titik pusat gempa bumi Berdasarkan beberapa kasus gempabumi me- terletak pada koordinat 5°25’ LU dan 96°24’ BT rusak di dunia, diketahui bahwa tingkat kerusakan dengan ke dalam gempabumi 15 km, gempabumi akibat gempabumi tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh ini berpusat di darat dan kekuatan yang ditimbul- besarnya kekuatan gempabumi dan jarak suatu da- kan tidak cukup kuat membangkitkan perubahan erah dari pusat gempabumi Pawiro Dikromo, Wi- dasar laut yang dapat memicu terjadinya tsunami dodo. 2012. Tingkat kerusakan dan bahaya gempa- pada Kabupaten Pidei Jaya. bumi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geologi Penyebab gempabumi berdasarkan posisi seperti kondisi litologi dan struktur geologi serta sifat serta kedalaman yang terjadi atau letak pusat gem- fisik tanah tanah. Cameron, 1981. Parameter yang pabumi ini disebabkan oleh akivitas sesar lokal, menggambarkan karakteristik dinamika tanah an- yaitu sesar Samalanga–Sipopok. Hasil dari anali- tara lain faktor amplifikasi (A0), frekuensi alami ta- sis mekanisme sumber gempabumi dan berdasar- nah (fo), periode dominan (Tg), indeks kerentanan kan hasil nilai perhitungan yang telah dilakukan seismik (Kg), ground shear strain ( ) dan percepatan pada daerah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya provinsi Aceh getaran tanah maksimum (PGA) Metode yang ba- adalah nilai percepatan tanah maksimum yang nyak digunakan untuk analisis karakteristik yang berkisar 225,7-85,8 gal, yang dihitung dengam memanfaatkan gelombang gempabumi di suatu motode Boore (1997) sedangkan nilai percepatan wilayah. Mengingat gempabumi pada Daerah Ka- tanah maksimum yang berkisar 115,05 – 115,07 bupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh yang terjadi pada gal, yang dihitung dengan metode Fukusima dan tanggal 7 Desember Tahun 2016 berdasarkan hal Tanaka (1992) nilai tersebut didapat dari hasil tersebut perlu dilakukan tahapan analisis karena perhitungan magnitudo momen gempa dengan Jurnal Geografi 17(1) (2020) 23-26 25 kekuatan 6,5 Mw dengan kedalaman 15 Km. Ni- lai percepatan tanah maksimum yang paling besar disebabkan oleh dekatnya titik pusat gempabumi tersusun batuan yang tidak kompak, gelombang merambat lebih cepat pada batuan yang kompak sedangkan pada batuan yang kurang kompak atau mudah lepas gelombang yang dilewati akan melambat dikarenakan amplitudo gempa akan Skala 1:50.000 membesar untuk merambatkan energi yang sama dan lebih kuat terasa guncangan, sehingga berefek pada bagunan yang berdiri diatas batuan tersebut yang bisa saja menimbulkan korban jiwa yang ter- kena runtuhan bangunan tersebut. Dari sisi geologi kawasan yang berada pada nilai percepatan maksi- Gambar 2. Peta percepatan tanah maksimum mum yang tinggi berada pada kawasan struktur dengan metode Fukusima dan Tanaka. lokal yang menjadi titik pusat gempabumi dimana batuan yang tersusun daratan aluvial yang berada pada bagian Utara dimana daratan aluvial tidak memiliki kekompakan bantuan yang kuat, Cam- eron, dkk 1983, sehingga dari data perhitungan tersebut ada tingkat kecocokan dalam menghitung tingkat bahaya terhadap guncangan gempabumi berdasarkan nilai percepatan tanah maksimum yang ditimbulkan oleh aktifitas
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