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Model Kelembagaan Pengembangan Agrowisata Berbasis Agroindustri Kakao Di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh

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Model Kelembagaan Pengembangan Agrowisata Berbasis Agroindustri Kakao Di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh Jurnal Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 17(3), 2018,244-260 Manajemen Available online at http://journal.sbm.itb.ac.id Teknologi Model Kelembagaan Pengembangan Agrowisata Berbasis Agroindustri Kakao di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh * Fakhrurrazi , Tajuddin Bantacut, dan Sapta Raharja Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor Abstrak. Kelembagaan memiliki peran utama dalam menentukan keterpaduan dan keberlanjutan pengembangan agrowisata berbasis agroindustri kakao dengan cara mengurangi ketidak teraturan melalui pembentukan suatu struktur yang stabil bagi interaksi manusia yang terlibat didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model kelembagaan pengembangan agrowisata berbasis agroindustri kakao yang ideal dengan pendekatan sistem menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Input data berasal dari panel pakar ahli berjumlah lima orang berlatar belakang akademisi, peneliti, praktisi, dan dinas terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skenario yang dipilih untuk model kelembagaan agrowisata berbasis agroindustri kakao adalah model lembaga kemitraan. Model lembaga kemitraan diyakini lebih efektif dalam mencapai tujuan utama pengembangan agrowisata berbasis agroindustri yaitu menumbuhkan ekonomi masyarakat lokal berbasis teknologi melalui pengintegrasian usaha yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Dalam pencapaian tujuan tersebut juga diperlukan peran aktif dan sinergisitas dari berbagai stake holder yang terlibat seperti pengelola, perguruan tinggi, dinas terkait, kelompok tani serta lembaga keuangan. Disamping itu perlu juga diperhatikan aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi pengembangan seperti potensi pasar, ketersediaan sumberdaya manusia dan teknologi, kebijakan pemerintah, serta dukungan kelembagaan. Kata kunci: Analitycal hierarchy process, business communication, kelembagaan, kemitraan, strategi Abstract. Institutional has a major role in determining the integrity and sustainability of agro-tourism based on cocoa agroindustry development by reducing the irregularity through the establishment of a stable structure for human interaction involved. This study aimed to produce an institutional model of agro-tourism based on ideal cacao agroindustry development with system approach using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Input data came from a panel of experts consisting of five people with academic, researchers, practitioners, and related departments background. The result of the research showed that the chosen scenario for agro-tourism based on cacao agroindustry institutional model was the model of partnership institution. The partnership institution model was believed to be more effective in achieving the main objective of agro-tourism based on agroindustry development that was develop the local community economic based on technology through the bussiness integration and sustainable. In achieving these objectives also required the active role and synergicity of various stakeholders involved such as managers, universities, related agencies, farmers groups and financial institutions. Besides, it should also be considered aspects that affected the development such as market potential, availability of human resources and technology, government policy, and the institutional support. Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, business communication, institutions, partnership, strategy *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Received: November 30th , 2018; Revision: Desember 8th , 2018; Accepted: Desember 8th , 2018 Print ISSN: 1412-1700; Online ISSN: 2089-7928. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2018.17.3.6 Copyright@2018. Published by Unit Research and Knowledge, School of Business and Management - Institut Teknologi Bandung (SBM-ITB) Jurnal 244 Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 17 | No. 3 | 2018 Fakhrurrazi, Bantacut, dan Raharja / Model Kelembagaan Pengembangan Agrowisata Berbasis Agroindustri Kakao di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 17(3), 2018, 160- Provinsi Aceh Pendahuluan Dalam hal ini, pengembangan tidak hanya sosial budaya yang berbeda. Selain itu, faktor- Sejauh ini belum terdapat model kelembagaan difokuskan pada aspek teknis semata seperti faktor lainnya seperti tujuan yang ingin dicapai, yang ideal dalam pengelolaan agrowisata Pengembangan agrowisata berbasis pemilihan lokasi strategis dan pengembangan kendala dan permasalahan di lapangan menjadi berbasis agroindustri kakao di Kabupaten agroindustri kakao bertujuan untuk wahana yang menarik, namun juga harus pertimbangan penting dalam pemilihan model Pidie Jaya, Provinsi Aceh. Di lain sisi, meningkatkan nilai tambah sektor pariwisata memenuhi kriteria sukses mengelola kelembagaan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kelembagaan menjadi faktor yang sangat dan pertanian sehingga berdampak terhadap sumberdaya yang ada yaitu melalui manajemen analisis dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan suatu pembangunan daerah dan peningkatan kelembagaan yang ideal. hal serta verifikasi lapang sehingga diharapkan pengembangan agrowisata (Dwikorawati, pendapat masyarakat setempat (Djamudin, akan menghasilkan suatu model kelembagaan 2012). Dalam konsep pembangunan, Fauzi, Arifin, & Sukardi, 2013). Agrowisata Kelembagaan dapat didefinisi sebagai suatu yang ideal untuk pengembangan agrowisata kelembagaan merupakan suatu unsur esensial berbasis agroindustri kakao dapat didefinisikan sistem yang memiliki aturan main dalam berbasis agroindustri kakao yang mampu yang menjadi faktor kunci keberhasilan sebagai serangkaian aktivitas perjalanan wisata manjalankan segala aktivitas didalamnya. mengakomodasi potensi alam dan kondisi serangkaian kegiatan atau aktivitas yang memanfaatkan kakao sebagai objek. Aturan main ini dapat berupa kumpulan sosial setiap daerah secara lebih spesifik. Lebih pengembangan. Hal ini menjadikan Didalam agrowisata sendiri memperlihatkan aturan, baik formal maupun informal, tertulis lanjut Kusnandar (2006) menyatakan bahwa pendekatan pengembangan kelembagaan serangkaian proses produksi kakao dari hulu maupun tidak tertulis, mengenai tata penerapan kelembagaan harus disesuaikan sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan (Fadhil, sampai hilir hingga diperoleh produk kakao hubungan manusia dengan lingkungan yang dengan tujuan, kebutuhan, pelaku utama dan Maarif, Bantacut, & Hermawan, 2017a ). dalam skala tertentu dengan tujuan memberi menyangkut hak-hak dan perlindungan serta sasaran pengembangan yang ingin pengetahuan, pemahaman dan rekreasi, serta tanggung jawabnya. Selain itu, kelembagaan dikembangkan, sehingga akan pengelolaan Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka sangat perlu meningkatkan nilai tambah terhadap kakao. dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai suatu agroindustri yang efektif dan efisien. dilakukan pemilihan model kelembagaan yang organisasi berbentuk hierarki yang sesuai untuk mencapai tujuan pengembangan Pengembangan agrowisata berbasis dikoordinasikan oleh sistem mekanisme Berdasarkan observasi dan penelusuran agrowisata berbasis agroindustri kakao yang agroindustri kakao mempunyai potensi yang administratif atau kewenangan, sehingga literatur, terdapat dua model kelembagaan terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Untuk menentukan kelembagaan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat sangat besar dan menjanjikan jika dilakukan yang umumnya diterapkan dalam sistem model tersebut digunakan pendekatan sistem kompleks dikarenakan banyak pihak yang secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan. agribisnis di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya yaitu model dengan metode Analitical Hierarchy Process terlibat serta faktor yang mempengaruhi Pengembangan ini mampu memberikan kelembagaan koperasi dan kemitraan. Namun (AHP). AHP merupakan suatu metode yang jalannya suatu lembaga (Fadhil, Maarif, dampak positif bagi kedua sektor, baik sektor dalam penerapannya, kelembagaan ini masih dapat digunakan oleh pengambil keputusan Bantacut, & Hermawan, 2018). pertanian sebagai sektor primer maupun sektor terdapat berbagai macam kendala seperti untuk dapat memahami kondisi suatu sistem pariwisata sebagai sektor sekunder, manajemen sumberdaya manusia yang belum dan membantu dalam melakukan prediksi serta penggabungan kedua sektor ini dinilai mampu Kelembagan memiliki peran utama untuk baik, partisipasi anggota yang masih rendah pengambilan keputusan. Metode ini memiliki memberi nilai tambah terhadap masing-masing mengurangi ketidak teraturan dengan serta belum terdapatnya suatu standar prinsip kerja penyederhanaan suatu masalah sektor (Abdullah, 2012). membentuk suatu struktur yang stabil bagi kelembagaan yang baku. interaksi manusia yang terlibat didalamnya kompleks tidak terstruktur, strategis dan dinamis menjadi bagian yang tertata dalam Nilai tambah di sektor agroindustri diperoleh (Budi, Ma'arif, Sailah, & Raharja, 2009). Hal Di Indonesia sendiri terdapat berbagai model melalui pengembangan berbagai macam yang sama juga terdapat di dalam sistem suatu hierarki (Eriyatno & Sofyar, 2007; kelembagaan yang telah dikembangkan untuk Zulfiandri & Marimin, 2012). produk olahan kakao seperti coklat batang, agribisnis dimana kehadiran kelembagaan mengelola agrowisata maupun agroindustri bubuk cokelat, permen cokelat dan berbagai berfungsi sebagai suatu perangkat formal dan seperti yang sudah dilakukan oleh; Hierarki dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu produk olahan lainnya, produk-produk ini non formal yang mengatur hubungan atau Dwikorawati (2012) mengenai kelembagaan mampu menghasilkan nilai tambah yang sangat interaksi yang dapat memfasilitasi terjadinya repsesentasi dari sebuah permasalahan yang pengelolaan pariwisata di kawasan puncak komplek menjadi multi level, level-level
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