Children’s programming on Chilean TV
August 2007
Research Department Objectives
The main focus of this study was to analyse and evaluate the content on children’s programming shown on open and paid TV.
Methodology
The method was quantitative content analysis.
Sample:
-Open-to-air TV: TVN, C13, C11, Red, Telecanal, Chilevisión, UCV -Paid TV: ETC (Chilean Paid Channel), Discovery Kids, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, Jetix & Disney. -Period: From November 2006 to April 2007. -Total sample: 297 TV programs. 37 of them are shown in terrestrial as in paid TV; 67 are only shown in terrestrial TV and 193 are only broadcasted on paid TV.
Research Department Main outcomes
Research Department FORMATS OF CHILDREN’S PROGRAMS
Total sample (%) Open to air TV, Base: 104 TV Shows Base: 297 TV shows Paid TV, Base: 230 TV Shows
71,2 Cartoons 69,4 Cartoons 71,7
12,5 Series 17,5 Series 17,8
3,8 Animation/puppets 5,7 Animation/puppets 6,1 Open to air TV
6,7 Paid TV Variety Shows 3,7 Variety Shows 2,2
3,8 Continuity 2 Continuity 0,9
1,9 Documentals/reportajes 1,7 Documentals/reportajes 1,3
Research Department TARGET (%)
Open to Air TV (104 TV Shows) Paid TV (230 TV Shows)
6,7 Under 5 years old 10,0
45,2 Open to Between 5 to 7 air TV 45,7 Paid TV
48,1 Tweens (8 a 14 years old) 44,3
Research Department ORIGIN %
Open to air TV (104 TV Shows) Paid TV (230 TV Shows)
51 USA 48,3 10,6 Asia 13,5 21,2 Chile Mostly 2,6 Japanese 3,8 Canada 11,3 3,8 Europe 9,6 3,8 Latin America 2,6 1 Open to air TV Oceania 2,2
4,8 Paid TV Coproduction 9,1
0 Non identifiable 0,9
Research Department CNTV Evaluation dimensions
Violence
Inappropriate sexuality “Substantive” evaluation (contents) Inappropriate Language 80% Socially disruptive behaviour
Educational Content
“Technical” evaluation (presentation, realization, Production level aesthetics) 20%
Research Department VIOLENCE (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV shows)
Violence: explicit representation of imminent use of physical force or the use of it with the intention of harming an animated being or a group of beings.
37,0
Violent
Non violent
63,0
Violence in one episode: 16,2% Violence in two episodes: 46,8%
Research Department VIOLENCE (%) Base: open to air TV 104 Shows; Paid TV 230 shows.
violence on open to air TV violence on Paid TV
All broadcasters in All broadcasters 76,0 60,4 the sample
Red 87,5 Jetix 100,0
Mega 87,0 Cartoon Network 86,1
Telecanal 82,1 ETC 72,7
Canal 13 70,0 Nickelodeon 72,2
Chilevisión 70,0 Boomerang 50,0
UCV 64,3 Disney 48,4
TVN 60,0 Discovery Kids 3,4
Research Department VIOLENCE BY ORIGIN (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV Shows)
91,4
71,9 70,0
50,0
38,5 35,7
28,6
Chile Canada Europe Oceania Latin USA Asia America Mostly Japanese
Research Department INAPPROPRIATE SEXUALITY, (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV Shows)
Inappropriate sexuality: Not appropriate sexual content for children under age, like voyeurism, fetishism, exhibitionism, harassment or forced body contact.
3,0 Open to air TV: 3,8% Paid TV: 2,6%
7 Asiatic TV Shows 2 American TV Shows
All of them oriented to Tweens (8 to 14 years old) 97,0 In only one episode inappropriate sexuality is Presence of inappropriate sexual content relevant Absence of inappropriate sexual content
Research Department INAPPROPRIATE LANGUAGE (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV Shows).
Inappropriate language: Obscene words and/or offensive language used by any character of de TV show (e. g. : “fool”, “stupid”, “four-eyes”, “dammed”).
43,1
56,9
Presence of inappropriate language Absence of inappropriate language
Research Department INAPPROPRIATE LANGUAGE (%) Base: Terrestrial TV 104 shows; Paid TV 230 shows.
Total paid TV 53,9
Total open to air TV 67,3
Cartoon Network 83,3
Nickelodeon 72,2
Jetix 65,4
ETC 54,5
Boomerang 46,0
Disney 45,2
Discovery Kids
Research Department SOCIALLY DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV Shows)
Socially disruptive behavior: attitudes and behavior that affect the integration with nature and community (e.g. selfishness , dishonesty, threat, rejection, etc).
Disruptive behavior Disrespectful behavior 32,1
Without disruptive behavior Manipulation 28,4
Dishonesty 8,3 35,4
Rejection 8,3
Threats 7,1
Obscene words/vulgar expressions 6,5
64,6 Selfishness 6,2
Irresponsibility 1,5
Evasive Behavior 1,2
Other 0,3
Research Department SOCIALLY DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR (%) Base: terrestrial TV 104 shows; Paid TV 230 shows.
Disruptive Behavior Disruptive behavior Open to air TV Paid TV
Open to air 77,9 Paid TV 61,3
CHV 90,0 Jetix 96,2
Red TV 87,5 Cartoon Network 83,3
UCV 85,7 ETC 69,7
Telecanal 82,1 Nickelodeon 58,3
Mega 78,3 Disney 58,1
Canal 13 70,0 Boomerang 54,0
TVN 53,3 Discovery Kids 17,2
Research Department DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR BY ORIGIN (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 shows)
90,0
77,1 72,7
50,0 50,0 46,2 39,3
Canada Europe Chile Oceania USA Asia Latin America
Research Department EDUCATIONAL CONTENT (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 TV Shows)
Educational Content: content that promotes the development of children, including intellectual and socio-affective dimensions.
With educational content Socioal and Without educational content emotional 63,0 skills
Cognitive 20,6 48,5 skills
Knowledge/ 10,0 information 51,5
Health/ 5,4 manual skills
Research Department EDUCATIONAL CONTENT (%) Base: Terrestrial TV 104 Shows; Paid TV 104 Shows.
Presence of educative content Presence of educative content Terrestrial TV Paid TV
Terrestrial TV 56,7 Paid TV 48,7
Canal 13 100,0 Discovery Kids 100,0
TVN 73,3 Nickelodeon 83,3
UCV 71,4 Disney 48,4
CHV 70,0 Boomerang 44,0
Mega 52,2 ETC. 42,4
Red 50,0 Cartoon Network 16,7
Telecanal 28,6 Jetix 7,7
Research Department EDUCATIONAL CONTENT BY ORIGIN (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 shows)
89,3
71,4 65,4 66,7
45,3 40,0
20,0
Latin Asia USA Europe Oceania Canada Chile America
Research Department QUALITY OF PRODUCTION & ARTS DIMENSIONS
• Quality of production & arts: technical aspects and performance of TV shows
Dimension Measured on: Quality of image Every show
Presentation of characters Every show
Sound y Music Every show
Stage design Every show
Innovation Every show
Consistence/balance Every show
Quality of presenters Non fiction with real people Use of language Non fiction with real people
Quality of actors fiction with real people
Research Department PRODUCTION QUALITY & ARTS (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 Shows)
High 59,3
Medium 37,0
Low 3,7
Research Department PRODUCTION QUALITY & ARTS (%) Base: terrestrial TV (104 shows), Terrestrial TV (230 shows).
Open to air TV v/s Paid TV.
46,2 High 63,9
47,1 Open to air TV Medium Paid TV 33,9
6,7 Low 2,2
Research Department Composition of CNTV’S Evaluation Index for Children’s TV
Substantive evaluation Technical (80%) evaluation (20%) Violence Inappropriate Sexuality Inappropriate Language Disruptive behavior Educative Content Production quality
Levels Grade Categories Grad Categories Grade Categories Grad Categories Grad Cate Grad (*) e e e gorie e s Without Without 7 Without 7 Without 7 Very 7 High 6 a 7 Violence Sexuality language disruptive Relevant behavior 7 Irrelevant 3 Irrelevant 5 Irrelevant 5 Medium 5 Medi 4 a relevance um 5,9 Low
Medium 4 o 5 Medium 2 Medium 3 Medium 3 Irrelevant 3 relevance relevance relevance Low 1 a 3,9 High 1 a 3 Very Relevant 1 Very Relevant 1 Very relevant 1 Without 1 educative content Weigh
16% 20% 16% 12% 16% 20%
Research Department (*) Relevance + reflection CONSTRUCTION OF EVALUATION INDEX LEVEL OF VIOLENCE MEASURE
LEVEL RELEVANCE + REFLECTION Grade Without violence 7 LOW Irrelevant violence + Positive reflection 7 Medium relevance of viol. + Positive reflection 5 Irrelevant violence + absence of reflection 5 Irrelevant violence + Ambiguous reflection 5
MEDIUM Medium relevance of viol. + absence of reflection 4 Medium relevance of viol. + Ambiguous reflection 4 Irrelevant violence + Ambiguous reflection 4 Irrelevant violence + Negative reflection 4 Very relevant violence + Positive reflection 3 Medium relevance of viol. + Negative reflection 3 HIGH Very relevant violence + Ambiguous reflection 2 Very relevant violence +Absence of reflection 2 Very relevant violence + Negative reflection 1
Research Department Composition of CNTV Evaluation Index for Children’s TV
EVALUATION LEVELS
Level Weighed Description grade High 6 to 7 Negative content is absent or has a low level. Strong presence of educational content. The quality of production is high Medium 4 to 5,9 Tends to show medium levels of negative content. Also has a medium level of educational content and the quality of production is better
Has negative content of a medium or high Low 1 to 3,9 relevance. Educational content is absent or has a low level. The production level is bad.
Research Department CNTV’S EVALUATION INDEX FOR CHILDREN’S TV (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 shows).
Mean: 5,4 60,3 Standard deviation: 1,01
30,3
9,4
Low level Medium level High level
Research Department CNTV EVALUATION INDEX FOR CHILDREN’S TV (%) Base: Terrestrial TV, 104 TVF Shows; Paid TV 230 shows.
Contrast open to air TV y Paid TV
Mean Open to air TV : 5,1 Paid TV : 5,5 22,1 High level Stand. Dev. Open to air TV: 0,97 32,2 Paid TV : 1,02
66,3 Open to air TV Medium level Paid TV 58,7
11,5 Low level 9,1
Research Department HIGH LEVEL BY ORIGIN (%) Base: Total sample 2006-2007 (297 shows).
60,7 57,1
46,2
33,3
23
10 5,7
Asia Latin USA Oceania Europe Chile Canada America
Research Department SUMMARY q Cartoons and American productions are strongly present in children’s TV programming in Chile. q Preschool oriented programs are very few, reaching only 8,8% of children’s total programming. q Sixty three percent of the sample has violence. Distinguishing between origin, 91,4% of Asiatic programs have violent content. 71% percent of American programs and 70% of Latin American ones do have violence as well. q Only 3% of the programs have sexually inappropriate content. Although the numbers are low, they refer to deviant behavior like fetishism and other forms of sexual content not suitable for children. q Fifty six point nine percent of TV shows have inappropriate language. This kind of content is more frequent in open to air TV.
Research Department SUMMARY
q Disruptive behavior appears in 64,6% of programming (open to air and paid). Disrespectful behavior and manipulation are the most frequent in this category. q Fifty one point five percent of TV shows have an educational content, mostly oriented to develop social and emotional skills. q Technical quality has been improved in terrestrial since earlier measures. q Most of the programs of the sample are of a medium quality level, measured by the chilean CNTV’s evaluation index for children’s TV. q Chilean and Canadian programs have the largest percentages of high quality programs.
Research Department