The End of the Texas Cherokee and the Transformation of Sam Houston
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Convention Grade 7
Texas Historical Commission Washington-on-the-Brazos A Texas Convention Grade 7 Virtual Field Trip visitwashingtononthebrazos.com Learning Guide Grade 7 Childhood in the Republic Overview: A New Beginning for Texas Texas became Mexican territory in 1821 and the new settlers brought by Stephen F. Austin and others were considered Mexican citizens. The distance between the settlements and Mexico (proper), plus the increasing number of settlers moving into the territory caused tension. The settlers had little influence in their government and limited exposure to Mexican culture. By the time of the Convention of 1836, fighting had already Image “Reading of the Texas Declaration of broken out in some areas. The causes of some of this Independence,” Courtesy of Artie Fultz Davis Estate; Artist: Charles and Fanny Norman, June 1936 fighting were listed as grievances in the Texas Declaration of Independence. Objectives • Identify the key grievances given by the people of Texas that lead to the formation of government in the independent Republic of Texas • How do they compare to the grievances of the American Revolution? • How do they relate to the Mexican complaints against Texas? • How did these grievances lead to the formation of government in the Republic? • Identify the key persons at the Convention of 1836 Social Studies TEKS 4th Grade: 4.3A, 4.13A 7th Grade: 7.1 B, 7.2 D, 7.3C Resources • Activity 1: 59 for Freedom activity resources • Activity 2: Declaration and Constitution Causes and Effects activity resources • Extension Activity: Order -
Mary Jones: Last First Lady of the Republic of Texas
MARY JONES: LAST FIRST LADY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS Birney Mark Fish, B.A., M.Div. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2011 APPROVED: Elizabeth Hayes Turner, Major Professor Richard B. McCaslin, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History D. Harland Hagler, Committee Member Denis Paz, Committee Member Sandra L. Spencer, Committee Member and Director of the Women’s Studies Program James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Fish, Birney Mark. Mary Jones: Last First Lady of the Republic of Texas. Doctor of Philosophy (History), December 2011, 275 pp., 3 tables, 2 illustrations, bibliography, 327 titles. This dissertation uses archival and interpretive methods to examine the life and contributions of Mary Smith McCrory Jones in Texas. Specifically, this project investigates the ways in which Mary Jones emerged into the public sphere, utilized myth and memory, and managed her life as a widow. Each of these larger areas is examined in relation to historiographicaly accepted patterns and in the larger context of women in Texas, the South, and the nation during this period. Mary Jones, 1819-1907, experienced many of the key early periods in Anglo Texas history. The research traces her family’s immigration to Austin’s Colony and their early years under Mexican sovereignty. The Texas Revolution resulted in her move to Houston and her first brief marriage. Following the death of her husband she met and married Anson Jones, a physician who served in public posts throughout the period of the Texas Republic. Over time Anson was politically and personally rejected to the point that he committed suicide. -
The War and Peace Parties of Pre-Revolutionary Texas, 1835-1836
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 29 Issue 1 Article 6 3-1991 The War and Peace Parties of Pre-Revolutionary Texas, 1835-1836 Jodella D. Kite Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Kite, Jodella D. (1991) "The War and Peace Parties of Pre-Revolutionary Texas, 1835-1836," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 29 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol29/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION II THE WAR AND PEACE PARTIES OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY TEXAS, 1832-1835 by lodella D. Kite Although many people are conversant with the Texas Revolution and events leading to it, relatively little research has been published until recently on the War and Peace parties of 1832-1835. These two factions within the Anglo-American population of Texas helped to sway public opinion both for and against armed conflict in the crucial days leading to the revolution. The War and Peace parties cannot be defined easily because they were not established political parties. They were labels faT persons of opposing political dispositions. Both factions surfaced during the disturbances of 1832. Members of the War Party either participated in the disturbances or condoned them. The Peace Party, probably repre senting more Texans throughout the period, loudly criticized the agita tion. -
Independence Trail Region, Known As the “Cradle of Texas Liberty,” Comprises a 28-County Area Stretching More Than 200 Miles from San Antonio to Galveston
n the saga of Texas history, no era is more distinctive or accented by epic events than Texas’ struggle for independence and its years as a sovereign republic. During the early 1800s, Spain enacted policies to fend off the encroachment of European rivals into its New World territories west of Louisiana. I As a last-ditch defense of what’s now Texas, the Spanish Crown allowed immigrants from the U.S. to settle between the Trinity and Guadalupe rivers. The first settlers were the Old Three Hundred families who established Stephen F. Austin’s initial colony. Lured by land as cheap as four cents per acre, homesteaders came to Texas, first in a trickle, then a flood. In 1821, sovereignty shifted when Mexico won independence from Spain, but Anglo-American immigrants soon outnumbered Tejanos (Mexican-Texans). Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna seized control of Mexico in 1833 and gripped the country with ironhanded rule. By 1835, the dictator tried to stop immigration to Texas, limit settlers’ weapons, impose high tariffs and abolish slavery — changes resisted by most Texans. Texas The Independence ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Trail ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ On March 2, 1836, after more than a year of conclaves, failed negotiations and a few armed conflicts, citizen delegates met at what’s now Washington-on-the-Brazos and declared Texas independent. They adopted a constitution and voted to raise an army under Gen. Sam Houston. TEXAS STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES Gen. Sam Houston THC The San Jacinto Monument towers over the battlefield where Texas forces defeated the Mexican Army. TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Four days later, the Alamo fell to Santa Anna. -
Chapter 11 Review
Chapter 11 Review 1. Why was Stephen F. Austin removed from command of the Texas volunteers? a. he was appointed commissioner to the United States 2. What city did Austin siege after victories at Gonzales, Goliad and Concepcion? a. San Antonio 3. Texans formed a volunteer army and attack the Mexicans at Goliad after what battle? a. Battle of Gonzales 4. What did the flag that the rebels flew at the Battle of Gonzales say? a. “Come and Take It” 5. By 1835, why were the Texans upset with Santa Anna? a. Santa Anna would not follow the Constitution of 1824. 6. Who did the Texans send to negotiate a treaty with the Cherokee? a. Goyens to negotiate a treaty of peace during the revolution. 7. What was the Declaration of November 7, 1835? a. that if the Constitution of 1824 were not restored, Texas would become independent. 8. What was the Constitution of 1824 modeled after? a. The United States Constitution 9. What did Santa Anna believe after taking the Alamo? a. That Texans would give up their rebellion 10. What did General Cos do after the fight at San Antonio? a. surrendered and led his Mexican army out of Texas. 11. What did Fannin do after receiving Sam Houston’s order to retreat from Goliad to Victoria? a. waited several days before setting out. 12. What was the Runaway Scrape? a. It was after the battle of the Alamo when Texans began to flee in panic 13. Who was the first president of independent Texas? a. Sam Houston 14. -
The Early Republic Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Section 1 The Early Republic Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1. Under the Treaties of Velasco, Mexico would recognize • Treaties of Velasco Texas independence, but the treaties were not honored. • annexation 2. Texas held its first national elections in 1836. • Mirabeau B. Lamar Why It Matters Today Because Texas was a democratic republic, its citizens elected their leaders. Use current events sources to learn about elections in other countries around the world today. TEKS: 1A, 3C, 4A, 8A, 9C, 21B, 21C, 21E, 22D The Story Continues Several Texans were camped near Buffalo Bayou after fleeing myNotebook their homes during the Runaway Scrape. Suddenly, a woman Use the annotation on the edge of the group began pointing and shouting, tools in your eBook to take notes on “Hallelujah! Hallelujah!” A man on horseback was racing events in the early toward them and yelling. “San Jacinto! The Mexicans are Texas Republic. Bleed Art Guide: whipped and Santa Anna a prisoner!” Everyone laughed, All bleeding art should be extended fully to the bleed guide. hugged, and cried from happiness at the victory. The Treaties of Velasco With the victory at San Jacinto, Texas had become a free republic. The Republic of Texas would last 10 years, from 1836 to 1846. In 1836, some issues from the Revolution remained. Some 2,000 Mexican troops under Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: Folios, annos, standards, non-bleeding art, etc. should General Vicente Filisola remained in Texas. Texans also needed to decide never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim. -
President Anson Jones the Question of Who That Next President Would Be Was Fiercely Debated
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Section 3 The Last Years of the Republic Main Ideas Key Person 1. Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of • Anson Jones Texas in 1844. 2. During Jones’s presidency, Texans increased their calls for annexation with the United States. Why It Matters Today Annexation to the United States was a major issue for Texas. Use current events sources to find information about major political issues facing Texas or the United States today. TEKS: 4A, 4B, 21B, The Story Continues 22D In December 1844 Sam Houston stood before the Texas myNotebook Congress to give his final speech as the Republic’s president. Use the annotation He was pleased. Under his leadership, he reminded Congress, tools in your eBook Texas had avoided war with Mexico. The Mexicans had not Text Guide: to take notes on the “Teaching” text shouldissues never ofgo beyond the thisJones guide on any side. invaded Texas since 1842, and all Texas prisoners but one presidency. had returned home. The economy was improving. Houston wanted the next president to continue his policies. President Anson Jones The question of who that next president would be was fiercely debated. In the election of 1844, the Republic was divided. Newspapers printed Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: harsh criticisms of both candidates, Vice President Edward Burleson Folios, annos, standards, non-bleeding art, etc. should and Anson Jones. Jones was a doctor from Brazoria and a veteran of never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim. -
A Different Vision for Texas a Different Vision for Texas
TXSE_3_11_p238-255 11/22/02 10:22 AM Page 244 Why It Matters Now Lamar’s policies on Native Texans, 2 A Different Vision for Texas relations with Mexico, land, and education permanently changed the character of Texas. TERMS & NAMES OBJECTIVES MAIN IDEA Mirabeau B. Lamar, 1. Identify the contributions of Mirabeau B. Mirabeau B. Lamar succeeded Sam Council House Fight, Lamar to the Republic of Texas. Houston as the second president of Battle of Plum Creek, 2. Describe the problems that the Republic the Republic of Texas. He strongly public education system, of Texas faced. believed that Texas should remain Santa Fe expedition, 3. Compare the leadership qualities of Sam independent of the United States Austin, redbacks, Houston and Mirabeau B. Lamar. and extend its territory. His beliefs public debt offered a new vision for Texas. WHAT Would You Do? Imagine that you are a Native American who has lived in Texas Write your response for many years. Suddenly, the president of Texas orders all Native to Interact with History Americans out of the country to allow more land for Anglo settlers. in your Texas Notebook. How would you feel? How would you react to the president’s order? Lamar’s Plan for the Republic Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar was elected the second president of Texas in 1838, following Sam Houston’s first term. These two Texas leaders differed in many ways. Houston liked flashy clothing and had a Mirabeau B. Lamar reputation for frontier boldness. Lamar enjoyed the quiet pastimes of reading and writing poetry. Both men became strong leaders, each Mirabeau Lamar was a state senator in Georgia before he with his own vision for Texas’s future. -
Presidential Politics in the Republic of Texas
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 57 Issue 1 Article 5 2019 Presidential Politics in the Republic of Texas Charles Swanlund Blinn College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Swanlund, Charles (2019) "Presidential Politics in the Republic of Texas," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 57 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol57/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vol. 57 Spring 2019 Number 1 Presidential Politics in the Republic of Texas By Charles Swanlund Presidential politics in the Republic of Texas were notably rau cous and contentious. For the most part, issues did not play a huge role in the politics of the Republic, but personalities did. Campaigns largely consisted of what one observer of the Texas election of 1841 described as being “a glorious orgy of name calling”, and on at least one occasion, the vitriol flew so fast and furious that one candidate was moved to challenge the other to a duel during the campaign! With the exception of the dueling aspect, a time traveler who ob served the recent U.S. presidential election might well consider that the 2016 presidential race had been conducted with the utmost in civility and grace by comparison to the “full contact” nature of pres idential politics as practiced in the Republic. -
Runaway Scrape
THE RUNAWAY SCRAPE A Novel Billy Loran Moore Royal Fireworks Press Unionville, New York Prologue At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Texas was part of the Spanish colony that included Mexico. In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and its territory included Texas. The Mexicans welcomed settlers from the United States, and by 1830, there were four times as many Anglos as people of Mexican origin living in the territory. When Santa Anna, the Mexican president, suspended the Mexican constitution and began to restrict the rights of people living in Mexico, the Anglos resisted and moved to establish an independent Texas in 1835. In 1836, Santa Anna led the Mexican army into Texas to put down the rebellion. In early March, Santa Anna’s army killed the entire force of Texans who were defending the Alamo in San Antonio. Texas’s largest army, under the command of Colonel James Fannin, surrendered at Coleto Creek and in late March was executed en masse outside of Goliad. Smaller forces were wiped out at Refugio and San Patricio. Santa Anna had thousands of troops crossing Texas faced by nothing but a shadow of an army that Sam Houston was desperately trying to recruit and organize as a fighting force. Santa Anna vowed to destroy every person in Texas, and he sent his armies ravaging across the state to make good on that threat. Texans fled toward safety in the United States. Many of those fleeing were women and children whose husbands and fathers had died in earlier debacles in the war or who were off trying to help Sam Houston form an army. -
ETHJ Vol-29 No-1
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 1 3-1991 ETHJ Vol-29 No-1 Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (1991) "ETHJ Vol-29 No-1," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 29: Iss. 1, Article 1. Available at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol29/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME XXIX 1991 NUMBER 1 EA TTEXAS HISTORICAL JOURNAL EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OFFICERS Ron Hufford President Bill O'Neal First Vice President Audrey Karial Second Vice President Esther J. Karr Secretary·Treasurer DIRECTORS Patricia Kell Baytown 1991 Cissy Lale Fort Worth 1991 Paul R. Scott Spring 1991 Garna L. Christian Houston 1992 Cecil Harper Spring 1992 Marion Holt Beaumont 1992 David Stroud Kilgore 1993 Gwin Morris Waco ex-President Linda Cross Tyler ex-President F. Lee Lawrence Tyler Director Emeritus James V. Reese Nacogdoches ex-officio EDITORIAL BOARD Valentine J. Belfiglio Garland Bob Bowman Lufkin Garna L. Christian Houston Ouida Dean Nacogdoches Patricia A. Gajda Tyler Robert L. Glover Tyler Bobby H. Johnson Nacogdoches Patricia Kell Baytown Max S. Lale Fort Worth Irvin M. May, Jr Bryan Bill O'Neal Carthage Chuck Parsons , South Wayne, WI Fred Tarpley Commerce Archie P. McDonald EXECUTIVE DmECTOR AND EDITOR MEMBERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS pay $100 annually LIFE MEMBERS pay $250 or more BENEFACTOR pays $100, PATRON pays $50 annually STUDENT MEMBERS pay $8 annually REGULAR MEMBERS pay $15 annually Journals $7.50 per copy P.O. -
The BFRG Wants to Thank John H. Burleson Who Found This Information on Sharon Harris Blog
Volume XVIII No 1&2 J a n - Mar 2014 The BFRG wants to thank John H. Burleson who found this information on Sharon Harris blog From Sharon Harris at A Scrapbook of Me at http://sharonscrapbook.blogspot.com/ Burleson Wounded Albemarle Man In Dangerous Condition-Was Shot Accidentally Special to Daily News Albemarle, Oct 24 – 1931 Luther Burleson lies in Yadkin hospital tonight dangerously wounded as the result of a rifle shot which was accidentally fired into the back of his head about noon today. Burleson, about 28, was riding on a load of hay with his nephew when the nephew Nelson Burleson) accidentally knocked a rifle on the hay in such a manner that it fired the bullet that lodged in Burleson's head. The extent of his injuries has not been learned. May Re-Open Suit Attorneys Want Boy's Trial Moved to Juvenile Court Albemarle, Dec 4 - (AP) Attorneys for 13 year old Nelson Burleson who is charged with killing his uncle after a quarrel over a watermelon October 24 today moved to reopen the case. They cited the defendant's age and argued the case should be remanded to juvenile court. The board was bound to Superior Court Monday when probably cause was found in Stanly County recorder's court. Albert Eudy, a witness at the arraignment, said Nelson came to his house a short while before the shooting and said his Uncle, Luther Burleson, whipped him after a quarrel over a watermelon. Eudy reported Nelson said he was going to shoot the man. Luther Burleson was shot to death as he and his nephew, with Jonah Burleson - Nelson's father - were riding on a load of hay near here.