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Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
Fauna of Australia 2A
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Thomas C. Burton 1 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Pl 1.3. Cophixalus ornatus (Microhylidae): usually found in leaf litter, this tiny frog is endemic to the wet tropics of northern Queensland. [H. Cogger] 2 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Microhylidae is a family of firmisternal frogs, which have broad sacral diapophyses, one or more transverse folds on the surface of the roof of the mouth, and a unique slip to the abdominal musculature, the m. rectus abdominis pars anteroflecta (Burton 1980). All but one of the Australian microhylids are small (snout to vent length less than 35 mm), and all have procoelous vertebrae, are toothless and smooth-bodied, with transverse grooves on the tips of their variously expanded digits. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes of all Australian microhylids are T-shaped or Y-shaped (Pl. 1.3) with transverse grooves. The Microhylidae consists of eight subfamilies, of which two, the Asterophryinae and Genyophryninae, occur in the Australopapuan region. Only the Genyophryninae occurs in Australia, represented by Cophixalus (11 species) and Sphenophryne (five species). Two newly discovered species of Cophixalus await description (Tyler 1989a). As both genera are also represented in New Guinea, information available from New Guinean species is included in this chapter to remedy deficiencies in knowledge of the Australian fauna. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY The Australian microhylids generally are small, cryptic and tropical, and so it was not until 100 years after European settlement that the first species, Cophixalus ornatus, was collected, in 1888 (Fry 1912). As the microhylids are much more prominent and diverse in New Guinea than in Australia, Australian specimens have been referred to New Guinean species from the time of the early descriptions by Fry (1915), whilst revisions by Parker (1934) and Loveridge (1935) minimised the extent of endemism in Australia. -
The Impact of Anchored Phylogenomics and Taxon Sampling on Phylogenetic Inference in Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)
Cladistics Cladistics (2015) 1–28 10.1111/cla.12118 The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae) Pedro L.V. Pelosoa,b,*, Darrel R. Frosta, Stephen J. Richardsc, Miguel T. Rodriguesd, Stephen Donnellane, Masafumi Matsuif, Cristopher J. Raxworthya, S.D. Bijug, Emily Moriarty Lemmonh, Alan R. Lemmoni and Ward C. Wheelerj aDivision of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; bRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; cHerpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; dDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias,^ Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, Rua do Matao,~ Trav. 14, n 321, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa Postal 11461, CEP 05422-970, Sao~ Paulo, Sao~ Paulo, Brazil; eCentre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; fGraduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; gSystematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; hDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; iDepartment of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA; jDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 4 February 2015 Abstract Despite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfami- lies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. -
Conservation of Herpetofauna in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
CONSERVATION OF HERPETOFAUNA IN BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Final Report 2008 By: M. Irfansyah Lubis, Wempy Endarwin, Septiantina D. Riendriasari, Suwardiansah, Adininggar U. Ul-Hasanah, Feri Irawan, Hadijah Aziz K., and Akmal Malawi Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor Indonesia 16000 Tel : +62 – 251 – 621 947 Fax: +62 – 251 – 621 947 Email: [email protected] (team leader) Conservation of Herpetofauna in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Executive Summary Sulawesi is an island with complex geological and geographical history, thus resulting in a complex array in biodiversity. Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (BabulNP) was gazetted in 2004 to protect the region’s biodiversity and karst ecosystem. However, the park’s herpetofauna is almost unknown. This project consists of three programs: herpetofauna survey in BabulNP, herpetofauna conservation education to local schools, and herpetofauna training for locals and was conducted from July to September 2007. Based on the survey conducted in six sites in the park, we recorded 12 amphibian and 25 reptile species. Five of those species (Bufo celebensis, Rana celebensis, Rhacophorus monticola, Sphenomorphus tropidonotus, and Calamaria muelleri) are endemic to Sulawesi. Two species of the genus Oreophryne are still unidentified. We visited six schools around the park for our herpetofauna conservation education program. The Herpetofauna Observation Training was held over four days with 17 participants from BabulNP staff, local NGOs, school teachers, and Hasanuddin University students. i Conservation of Herpetofauna in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without the contribution of many persons. We would like to express our gratitude to BP Conservation Leadership Programme for providing funding. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
Anura:Microhylidae
THE PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPUAN SUBFAIÏILY ASTEROPHRYINAE (ANURA: MICROHYLIDAE) by THO¡1IAS CHARLES BURTON, 8.4., B.Sc. (Hons)MeIb. Department of Zoology University of Adelaide A thesis submitted to the UniVersity of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhY JT'NE 1.9 8 3 To ChwLø SUMMARY THE PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPUAN SUBFAMILY ASTEROPHRYINAE (nruunR : MI cRoHyt-rrRE) The Asterophryinae is a subfamily of terrestrial and fossorial microhylid frogs restricted to the Papuan Sub- Region. It comprises 43 named species and subspecies in seven genera. A second microhylid subfamily, the Sphenophryninae, also occurs in the Papuan Sub-Region, and its relationship to the Asterophryinae is contentious- In this study I undertake a phylogenetic analysis of the Asterophryinae based on the results of an examination of the myology, osteology and external morphology of members of all of the genera, and also of members of the Sphenophryninae, other microhylid. subfamilies and the Ranoidea, which serve as out-groups at different levels of analysis. The Asterophryinae and Sphenophryninae form a monophyletic group (sensu Hennig, 19661 supported by two autapomorphies: (a) direct embryonic development within the egg capsule; and (b) fusion and enlargement of the palatine and prevomer. The monophyly of the Asterophryinae is supported by three autapomorphies: (a) posterior adherence of the tongue and its division into anterior and posterior sections; (b) fusion of elements of the mandible and displacement of the mentomeckelians from the anterior margin of the mandible; and (c) loss of a dorsal el-ement J-aa of the M. intermandíbuLaris. The monophyly of the Sphenophryninae is supported by only one character of dubious value: procoely of the vertebral column. -
ARAZPA Amphibian Action Plan
Appendix 1 to Murray, K., Skerratt, L., Marantelli, G., Berger, L., Hunter, D., Mahony, M. and Hines, H. 2011. Guidelines for minimising disease risks associated with captive breeding, raising and restocking programs for Australian frogs. A report for the Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. ARAZPA Amphibian Action Plan Compiled by: Graeme Gillespie, Director Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria; Russel Traher, Amphibian TAG Convenor, Curator Healesville Sanctuary Chris Banks, Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria. February 2007 1 1. Background Amphibian species across the world have declined at an alarming rate in recent decades. According to the IUCN at least 122 species have gone extinct since 1980 and nearly one third of the world’s near 6,000 amphibian species are classified as threatened with extinction, placing the entire class at the core of the current biodiversity crisis (IUCN, 2006). Australasia too has experienced significant declines; several Australian species are considered extinct and nearly 25% of the remainder are threatened with extinction, while all four species native to New Zealand are threatened. Conventional causes of biodiversity loss, habitat destruction and invasive species, are playing a major role in these declines. However, emergent disease and climate change are strongly implicated in many declines and extinctions. These factors are now acting globally, rapidly and, most disturbingly, in protected and near pristine areas. Whilst habitat conservation and mitigation of threats in situ are essential, for many taxa the requirement for some sort of ex situ intervention is mounting. In response to this crisis there have been a series of meetings organised by the IUCN (World Conservation Union), WAZA (World Association of Zoos & Aquariums) and CBSG (Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, of the IUCN Species Survival Commission) around the world to discuss how the zoo community can and should respond. -
3Systematics and Diversity of Extant Amphibians
Systematics and Diversity of 3 Extant Amphibians he three extant lissamphibian lineages (hereafter amples of classic systematics papers. We present widely referred to by the more common term amphibians) used common names of groups in addition to scientifi c Tare descendants of a common ancestor that lived names, noting also that herpetologists colloquially refer during (or soon after) the Late Carboniferous. Since the to most clades by their scientifi c name (e.g., ranids, am- three lineages diverged, each has evolved unique fea- bystomatids, typhlonectids). tures that defi ne the group; however, salamanders, frogs, A total of 7,303 species of amphibians are recognized and caecelians also share many traits that are evidence and new species—primarily tropical frogs and salaman- of their common ancestry. Two of the most defi nitive of ders—continue to be described. Frogs are far more di- these traits are: verse than salamanders and caecelians combined; more than 6,400 (~88%) of extant amphibian species are frogs, 1. Nearly all amphibians have complex life histories. almost 25% of which have been described in the past Most species undergo metamorphosis from an 15 years. Salamanders comprise more than 660 species, aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult, and even spe- and there are 200 species of caecilians. Amphibian diver- cies that lay terrestrial eggs require moist nest sity is not evenly distributed within families. For example, sites to prevent desiccation. Thus, regardless of more than 65% of extant salamanders are in the family the habitat of the adult, all species of amphibians Plethodontidae, and more than 50% of all frogs are in just are fundamentally tied to water. -
Describing Species
DESCRIBING SPECIES Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists Judith E. Winston COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1999 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data © Winston, Judith E. Describing species : practical taxonomic procedure for biologists / Judith E. Winston, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-06824-7 (alk. paper)—0-231-06825-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Biology—Classification. 2. Species. I. Title. QH83.W57 1999 570'.1'2—dc21 99-14019 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 98765432 p 10 98765432 The Far Side by Gary Larson "I'm one of those species they describe as 'awkward on land." Gary Larson cartoon celebrates species description, an important and still unfinished aspect of taxonomy. THE FAR SIDE © 1988 FARWORKS, INC. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Universal Press Syndicate DESCRIBING SPECIES For my daughter, Eliza, who has grown up (andput up) with this book Contents List of Illustrations xiii List of Tables xvii Preface xix Part One: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 Describing the Living World 3 Why Is Species Description Necessary? 4 How New Species Are Described 8 Scope and Organization of This Book 12 The Pleasures of Systematics 14 Sources CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 19 Humans as Taxonomists 19 Biological Nomenclature 21 Folk Taxonomy 23 Binomial Nomenclature 25 Development of Codes of Nomenclature 26 The Current Codes of Nomenclature 50 Future of the Codes 36 Sources 39 Part Two: Recognizing Species 41 CHAPTER 3. -
An Adaptive Radiation of Frogs in a Southeast Asian Island Archipelago
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12145 AN ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF FROGS IN A SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO David C. Blackburn,1,2,3 Cameron D. Siler,1,4,5 Arvin C. Diesmos,6 Jimmy A. McGuire,7 David C. Cannatella,4 and Rafe M. Brown1,4 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 2Current address: Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118 3E-mail: [email protected] 4Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas and Texas Natural Science Center, Austin, Texas 78712 5Current address: Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072 6Herpetology Section, Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Avenue, Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines 7Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Received June 28, 2011 Accepted April 10, 2013 Data Archived: Dryad doi:10.5061/dryad.dj342 Living amphibians exhibit a diversity of ecologies, life histories, and species-rich lineages that offers opportunities for studies of adaptive radiation. We characterize a diverse clade of frogs (Kaloula, Microhylidae) in the Philippine island archipelago as an example of an adaptive radiation into three primary habitat specialists or ecotypes. We use a novel phylogenetic estimate for this clade to evaluate the tempo of lineage accumulation and morphological diversification. Because species-level phylogenetic estimates for Philippine Kaloula are lacking, we employ dense population sampling to determine the appropriate evolutionary lineages for diversification analyses. We explicitly take phylogenetic uncertainty into account when calculating diversification and disparification statistics and fitting models of diversification. -
Final Frontier: Newly Discovered Species of New Guinea
REPORT 2011 Conservation Climate Change Sustainability Final Frontier: Newly discovered species of New Guinea (1998 - 2008) WWF Western Melanesia Programme Office Author: Christian Thompson (the green room) www.greenroomenvironmental.com, with contributions from Neil Stronach, Eric Verheij, Ted Mamu (WWF Western Melanesia), Susanne Schmitt and Mark Wright (WWF-UK), Design: Torva Thompson (the green room) Front cover photo: Varanus macraei © Lutz Obelgonner. This page: The low water in a river exposes the dry basin, at the end of the dry season in East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea. © Text 2011 WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over 5 million supporters and a global Network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. © Brent Stirton / Getty images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK Closed-canopy rainforest in New Guinea. New Guinea is home to one of the world’s last unspoilt rainforests. This report FOREWORD: shows, it’s a place where remarkable new species are still being discovered today. As well as wildlife, New Guinea’s forests support the livelihoods of several hundred A VITAL YEAR indigenous cultures, and are vital to the country’s development. But they’re under FOR FORESTS threat. This year has been designated the International Year of Forests, and WWF is redoubling its efforts to protect forests for generations to come – in New Guinea, and all over the world. -
Eleutherodactylus Ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Biology Faculty Publications Biology 9-2007 Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg Twan Leenders Sacred Heart University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/bio_fac Part of the Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Eisenberg, T. & Leenders, T. (2007). Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) predation. Herpetological Review, 38(3), 323. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. SSAR Officers (2007) HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW President The Quarterly News-Journal of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles ROY MCDIARMID USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Editor Managing Editor National Museum of Natural History ROBERT W. HANSEN THOMAS F. TYNING Washington, DC 20560, USA 16333 Deer Path Lane Berkshire Community College Clovis, California 93619-9735, USA 1350 West Street President-elect [email protected] Pittsfield, Massachusetts 01201, USA BRIAN CROTHER [email protected] Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Associate Editors Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA ROBERT E. ESPINOZA CHRISTOPHER A. PHILLIPS DEANNA H. OLSON California State University, Northridge Illinois Natural History Survey USDA Forestry Science Lab Secretary MARION R. PREEST ROBERT N. REED MICHAEL S. GRACE R. BRENT THOMAS Joint Science Department USGS Fort Collins Science Center Florida Institute of Technology Emporia State University The Claremont Colleges Claremont, California 91711, USA EMILY N. TAYLOR GUNTHER KÖHLER MEREDITH J. MAHONEY California Polytechnic State University Forschungsinstitut und Illinois State Museum Naturmuseum Senckenberg Treasurer KIRSTEN E.