A Theory of the Subject
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Object Relations Theories and the Developmental Tilt Stephen A
(1984) Contemp. Psychoanal., 20:473-499 Object Relations Theories and the Developmental Tilt Stephen A. Mitchell, Ph.D. It is the predicament of the neurotic that he translates everything into the terms of infantile sexuality; but if the doctor does so too, then where do we get? Joseph Campbell, The Masks of God THE DESIGNATION "OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY" has been used with reference to a wide range of very different kinds of formulations: from Klein's rich and complex depiction of unconscious fantasy, to Fairbairn's highly abstract, schematic structural model, to Bowlby's ethologically-based theory of attachment, to Winnicott's epigramatic paradoxes and pithy observations about children, to Mahler's powerfully evocative portrayal of the longing for symbiotic fusion, to Jacobson's causuistic emendations of Freud's drive theory. To employ a common term for such a wide array of disparate points of view runs a risk—the fashionable popularity accruing to "object relations theories" in recent years has blurred important distinctions beneath a hazy aura connoting theory that is new, humanistic, often esoteric, and presumably pertaining to the deepest recesses of the mind and the earliest developmental phases. Is the employment of a common phrase to designate these different groups of theories useful or misleading? What do these heterogeneous theories have in common? What is essential and what is artifactual and political in their formulation? What has been their central role in the development of psychoanalytic ideas? Since the multiplicity of theories of object relations has been parallelled by a proliferation of different histories and interpretations of what might be regarded as the "object relations movement, " there is no consensus concerning these questions. -
Quality of Object Relations, Security of Attachment
QUALITY OF OBJECT RELATIONS, SECURITY OF ATTACHMENT, AND INTERPERSONAL STYLE AS PREDICTORS OF THE EARLY THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Gregory A. Goldman November 2005 This thesis entitled QUALITY OF OBJECT RELATIONS, SECURITY OF ATTACHMENT, AND INTERPERSONAL STYLE AS PREDICTORS OF THE EARLY THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE by GREGORY A. GOLDMAN has been approved for the Department of Psychology and the College of Arts and Sciences by Timothy Anderson Associate Professor of Psychology Benjamin M. Ogles Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences GOLDMAN, GREGORY A. M.S. November 2005. Psychology Quality of Object Relations, Security of Attachment, and Interpersonal Style as Predictors of the Early Therapeutic Alliance (159 pp.) Director of Thesis: Timothy Anderson The therapeutic alliance is consistently related to treatment outcome, and therefore represents an important aspect of how and why psychotherapy is effective. In the present study, security of attachment, quality of object relations, and interpersonal style were measured as predictors of the alliance early in treatment. Forty-eight individual psychotherapy clients were administered the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), the Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), and the Interpersonal Adjective Scales-Revised (IAS-R) prior to their initial therapy session. Participants completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) following their first, second, and third sessions. Security of attachment and quality of object relations were related to the alliance at session one, while quality of object relations was no longer related to the alliance at session two, and none of the predictors were related to the alliance at session three. -
Intrapsychic Perspectives on Personality
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON PERSONALITY This educational CAPPE module is part i in section III: Theories of Human Functioning and Spirituality Written by Peter L. VanKatwyk, Ph.D. Introduction Psychodynamic theory goes back more than 100 years and has been a principal influence in the early history of clinical pastoral education (CPE). It is a way of thinking about personality dynamics in interpreting and understanding both the spiritual care-provider and care-receiver. This module will briefly summarize the basic theory and punctuate psychodynamic concepts that have been significant in the study of psychology of religion and theological reflection in the practice of spiritual care and counselling. Psychodynamic theories presently practiced include in historical sequence the following three schools that will be covered in this module: 1. Ego Psychology, following and extending the classic psychoanalytic theory of Freud, with major representatives in Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann and Erik Erikson. 2. Object Relations Theory, derived from the work of Melanie Klein and members of the “British School,” including those who are prominent in religious studies and the practice of spiritual care: Ronald Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip, and D.W. Winnicott. 3. Self Psychology, modifying psychoanalytic theory with an interpersonal relations focus, originating in Heinz Kohut, systematized and applied for social work and counselling practice by Miriam Elson. In conjunction these psychodynamic theories offer three main perspectives on personality: 1. the human mind harbors conflict – with powerful unconscious forces that are continually thwarted in expressing themselves by a broad range of counteracting psychological processes and defense mechanisms. 2. each person carries an unconscious internalized world of personal relationships – with mental representations that reflect earlier experiences of self and others which often surface as patterns in current relationships and interpersonal problems. -
Neutropsychic Personality / a Mathematical Approach to Psychology (Third Enlarged Edition)
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Faculty and Staff Publications Mathematics 2018 Neutropsychic Personality / A mathematical approach to psychology (third enlarged edition) Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp Part of the Mathematics Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Smarandache, Florentin. "Neutropsychic Personality / A mathematical approach to psychology (third enlarged edition)." (2018). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp/29 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Mathematics at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Third Florentin Smarandache updated edition A mathematical approach to psychology <A> <neutA> <antiA> Florentin Smarandache Neutropsychic Personality A mathematical approach to psychology Third updated edition, improved Refined Neutrosophic Memory (Fig. 6, p. 42) and References, October 2018 Peer Reviewers Prof. Dr. Mohammed Alshumrani King Abdulaziz University (KAU) P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Prof. Dr. Cenap Ozel King Abdulaziz University (KAU) P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Florentin Smarandache Neutropsychic Personality A mathematical approach to psychology Third updated edition, improved Refined Neutrosophic Memory (Fig. 6, p. 42) and References Pons Brussels, 2018 Pons Publishing House / Pons asbl Quai du Batelage, 5 1000 - Brusells Belgium DTP: George Lukacs ISBN 978-1-59973-583-2 Florentin Smarandache Neutropsychic Personality TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ___________________________________ 10 Introduction to Neutropsyche (Preface) _____________ 13 1. Introduction to Neutrosophy __________________ 22 1.1. Etymology _______________________________ 22 1.2. -
Psychodynamic Theory
184 Psychodynamic Theory Kathleen Holtz Deal Abstract: Psychodynamic theory, a theory of personality originated by Sigmund Freud, has a long and complex history within social work and continues to be uti- lized by social workers. This article traces the theory’s development and explains key concepts with an emphasis on its current relational focus within object relations theory and self-psychology. Empirical support for theoretical concepts and the effec- tiveness of psychodynamic therapies is reviewed and critiqued. Future directions are discussed, including addressing cultural considerations, increasing research, and emphasizing a relational paradigm Keywords: Psychodynamic theory; empirical support; social work practice HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS Psychodynamic theory, a theory of personality originated by Sigmund Freud, has a long and complex history within social work. The young profession’s desire for a sci- entific base, Mary Richmond’s choice of a medical model to assess and treat client problems, and the wide impact of Freud’s ideas on the popular culture, contributed to the prominent role of psychodynamic thought in the theory base of social work (Germain, 1970; Greene & Ephross, 1991). In addition, the movement of large num- bers of social workers into areas of practice heavily influenced by psychiatrists, including child guidance and work with war veterans and their families, exposed them to psychodynamic ideas (Brandell, 2004; Goldstein, 1995). The diagnostic or psychosocial school developed by such early contributors as Mary Richmond, Charlotte Towle, Gordon Hamilton, and Florence Hollis, used psychodynamic con- cepts to help explain complex human behaviors. These writers attempted to inte- grate concepts, such as the role of drives in human motivation, stages of psycho- sexual development, and ego defense mechanisms into a person-and-environment framework to explain the interaction of interpersonal and societal factors. -
A Brief History of the British Psychoanalytical Society
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOANALYTICAL SOCIETY Ken Robinson When Ernest Jones set about establishing psychoanalysis in Britain, two intertwining tasks faced him: establishing the reputation of psychoanalysis as a respectable pursuit and defining an identity for it as a discipline that was distinct from but related to cognate disciplines. This latter concern with identity would remain central to the development of the British Society for decades to come, though its inflection would shift as the Society sought first to mark out British psychoanalysis as having its own character within the International Psychoanalytical Association, and then to find a way of holding together warring identities within the Society. Establishing Psychoanalysis: The London Society Ernest Jones’ diary for 1913 contains the simple entry for October 30: “Ψα meeting. Psycho-med. dinner” (Archives of the British Psychoanalytical Society, hereafter Archives). This was the first meeting of the London Psychoanalytical Society. In early August Jones had returned to London from ignominious exile in Canada after damaging accusations of inappropriate sexual conduct in relation to children. Having spent time in London and Europe the previous year, he now returned permanently, via Budapest where from June he had received analysis from Ferenczi. Once in London he wasted no time in beginning practice as a psychoanalyst, seeing his first patient on the 14th August (Diary 1913, Archives), though he would soon take a brief break to participate in what would turn out to be a troublesome Munich Congress in September (for Jones’s biography generally, see Maddox [2006]). Jones came back to a London that showed a growing interest in unconscious phenomena and abnormal psychology. -
B31685456.Pdf
Understanding Dissidence and Controversy in the History of Psychoanalysis Edited by Martin S. Bergmann Copyright © 2004 by Martin S. Bergmann All Rights Reserved This e-book contains material protected under International and Federal Copyright Laws and Treaties. This e-book is intended for personal use only. Any unauthorized reprint or use of this material is prohibited. No part of this book may be used in any commercial manner without express permission of the author. Scholarly use of quotations must have proper attribution to the published work. This work may not be deconstructed, reverse engineered or reproduced in any other format. Created in the United States of America For information regarding this book, contact the publisher: International Psychotherapy Institute E-Books 301-215-7377 6612 Kennedy Drive Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6504 www.freepsychotherapybooks.org [email protected] Sponsored by the Psychoanalytic Research and Development Fund, Inc. The Fund dedicates this symposium to the mourned memory oF our First proFessional director, Sidney Selig Furst, M.D. (September 21, 1921—May 26, 2000). Conference Proceedings February 14—15, 2003 New York, NY Representatives of the Fund: Mortimer Ostow, M.D., President Peter Neubauer, M.D., Vice President Henry Nunberg, M.D., Professional Director Initial Presenter, Chairman of the Conference, and Editor of the Proceedings: ProFessor Martin S. Bergmann Invited Participants: Harold P. Blum, M.D. Dr. André Green William I. Grossman, M.D. Otto F. Kernberg, M.D. Anton O. Kris, M.D. Jill Savege Scharff, M.D. Robert S. Wallerstein, M.D. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Ph.D. Contributors Professor Martin S. -
Donald Woods Winnicott
Stalwarts http://doi.org/10.18231/j.tjp.2020.017 Donald Woods Winnicott D Ambuja Post Graduate, Dept. of Psychiatry, SVS Medical College & Hospital, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India *Corresponding Author: D Ambuja Email: [email protected] Abstract Donald Woods Winnicott was an English Paediatrician and a Psychoanalyst who contributed to the field of Object Relations Theory and Developmental Psychology.Winnicott described himself as a disturbed adolescent, reacting against his own self-restraining "goodness" trying to assuage the dark moods of his mother, which were the seeds of self-awareness and became the basis of his interest in working with troubled young people.1 Winnicott’s focus highlighted the very start of life as his psychoanalytic clinical findings illuminated the significance of the parental role in early object relations.4 Thus, at the core of Winnicott's contributions are the Parent-Infant Relationship,4 True Self And False Self and Play And Reality.6 Introduction Three distinct phases of Winnicott’s work Donald Woods Winnicott was born on 7 April 1896 According to Winnicott, Psychoanalysis is a study of human in Plymouth, Devon. He began pre-clinical studies at Jesus nature as well as a therapeutic method. With concept of a College, Cambridge in 1914 but, with the onset of World sense of self as the center which evolves in the context of a War I, his studies were interrupted when he was made a facilitating environment i.e. the parent-infant relationship.4 medical trainee at the temporary hospital in Cambridge. In Phase One 1935 – 1944 - The environment-individual 1917, he joined the Royal Navy as a medical officer on set-up the destroyer HMS Lucifer. -
THESIS N. Gershman FINAL
I Am the Very Worst Person on Earth and Other Myths: Understanding and Reconciling With the Inner Critic by Noah Gershman Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology Pacifica Graduate Institute 5 March 2020 ii © 2020 Noah Gershman All rights reserved iii I certify that I have read this paper and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a product for the degree of Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology. ____________________________________ Joanna Walling, M.A., L.M.F.T Portfolio Thesis Advisor On behalf of the thesis committee, I accept this paper as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology. ____________________________________ Gioia Jacobson, M.A., L.M.F.T. Research Associate On behalf of the Counseling Psychology program, I accept this paper as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology. ____________________________________ Gioia Jacobson, M.A., L.M.F.T. Director of Research iv Abstract I Am the Very Worst Person on Earth and Other Myths: Understanding and Reconciling With the Inner Critic by Noah Gershman The Inner Critic is as ubiquitous and challenging a psychological phenomenon as there is. It is often a significant factor in cases of low self-esteem, addiction, depression, anxiety, and other psychopathologies. The Inner Critic manifests as a disparaging internal voice that critiques and restricts one’s thoughts, actions, and impulses. It makes demands for perfection in the uncompromising language of musts and shoulds and punishes any deviation or perceived failure with guilt, self-judgment, self-hatred, and shame. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. From Instinct to Self: A Psychoanalytic Exploration into a Fairbairnian Understanding of Depression through a Dialogue with My Imaginary Virginia Woolf A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychotherapy and Counselling By: Ni-ni FANG S1111019 Doctor of Psychotherapy and Counselling University of Edinburgh 2016 Declaration This is to certify that that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed: 1 Abstract This thesis explores a psychoanalytic understanding of depression from the perspective of Fairbairn’s object relations theory, something Fairbairn did not himself undertake. Highlighting the historical and political contexts of the development of psychoanalysis in Fairbairn’s time, I underline the marginalization of Fairbairn’s theory, which I attribute primarily to his lifelong endeavour to challenge the orthodoxy of the time: instinct theory. -
Ego Psychology & Object Relations
Ego Psychology & Object Relations Instructor: Wally Fletcher, D Min, NPsyA Teaching Assistant: Rebecca Lee, LCSW Location: Live Webinar Meeting Dates: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m.- 10:30 a.m. (EST): • September 11, 18, 25 • October 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 • November 6, 13, 20 • December 4 CE’s: 18 Cost: $450 WEBINAR DESCRIPTION: As Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and technique evolved, he placed increasing emphasis on the roles of the ego and its relations with internal and external objects in the emotional life of human beings. It was up to the next generation of analysts, however, to develop these themes in ways that profoundly altered and expanded the psychoanalytic landscape. Thus, this course will focus on the pioneering contributions of Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Ronald Fairbairn, Donald Winnicott and Harry Guntrip to modern psychoanalytic theory and technique. WEBINAR OBJECTIVES: 1. To become familiar with authors foundational to modern ego psychology and object relations theory 2. To become familiar with the historical evolution of psychoanalytic technique and how this evolution lays the ground work for modern psychoanalytic treatment. 3. To provide a critical framework for comparing and contrasting approaches to psychoanalytic treatment. 4. To provide an environment for dialogue in which students are encouraged to make connections between reading assignments and their own clinical and life experiences. 5. To familiarize students with the “literature” of psychoanalysis and how it’s reading can enrich their work. About the Instructor: Wally Fletcher, D.Min.,NCPsyA has extensive training and experience as a therapist, consultant, educator and non-profit executive. He is a certified psychoanalyst and clinical supervisor in the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and is chairman of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia School of Psychoanalysis. -
Psychoanalytic Views About Development. in D. Messer & S. Millar
Howard Steele & Miriam Steele (1999) in David Messer & Stuart Millar (Eds). Exploring Developmental Psychology (pp 263-283). London: Francis Arnold. Psychoanalytic views about development Introduction This chapter provides a contemporary psychoanalytic perspective on three domains of development of concern and interest to psychoanalysts and developmental psychologists alike. These three domains make up the main sections of this chapter: (1) self, social relations, and emotion-regulation; (2) psychosexual and gender development; and (3) the long-term influence of early family experiences upon personality development and functioning. Throughout the chapter, reference is made to the ways in which developmental research provides confirmation of some psychoanalytic assumptions concerning development (e.g. the widely shared view that the mind is inherently interpersonal), and refutation of other assumptions (e.g. the suggestion that human newborns are normally overwhelmed with confusion, fear and aggression). The chapter aims to provide a ‘feel’ for the history, continuing evolution, and contemporary value of the psychoanalytic approach to development which places the consideration of emotions, interpersonal and intra-personal relations, and unconscious influences upon behaviour, at the top of the agenda. Discussion point: A discussion point relevant to this chapter’s relation to the wider text concerns similarities and differences between psychoanalytic and psychological views about development. Box 1 below provides a summary of some basic