Civil Society Report on Human Rights in Kosovo in 2020
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CIVIL SOCIETY REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVO IN 2020 CIVIL SOCIETY REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVO IN 2020 MAY 2021 I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METHODOLOGY 1 3. KOSOVO’S GENERAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK 3 4. OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVO 5 5. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 8 5.1. The right to humane treatment and the prohibition of torture 8 5.2. The right to liberty and security of the person 11 5.3. The right to a fair trial and effective remedy 13 5.4. The freedom of expression and opinion, the right to information, and the right to privacy 15 5.5. The freedom of peaceful assembly 17 5.6. The freedom of association 19 5.7. The freedom of belief, conscience, and religion 20 6. SECTION B: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 22 6.1. Labour rights 22 6.2. The right to education 26 6.3. The right to health 29 6.4. Property rights 32 6.5. Cultural rights 34 7. SECTION C: RIGHTS OF SPECIFIC PERSONS OR GROUPS 39 7.1. Women’s rights and gender equality 39 7.2. Children rights 42 7.3. Youth rights 45 7.4. Persons with disabilities 47 7.5. Minority rights 49 7.6. LGBT+ Rights 52 7.7. People on the move 54 8. SECTION D: CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES/SPECIFIC HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES 57 8.1. Transitional justice and human rights 57 8.2. Corruption and human rights 62 8.3. The environment and human rights 63 i CIVIL SOCIETY REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVO IN 2020 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACA Anti-Corruption Agency ACG Advisory and Coordination Group for LGBT+ individuals in Kosovo AJK Association of Journalists of Kosovo AoK Assembly of Kosovo BSPK Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosovo CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CERD Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CRSV Conflict-related sexual violence CSO(s) Civil society organization(s) CYAC Central Youth Action Council ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms EU European Union FCPNM Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities GCMP Governmental Commission on Missing Persons GoK Government of Kosovo ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IMC Implementation and Monitoring Council IPA Information and Privacy Agency Istanbul Convention Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence KCS Kosovo Correctional Service KGVK Committee of Blind Women of Kosova KIPH Kosovo Institute of Public Health KJC Kosovo Judicial Council ii KPC Kosovo Prosecutorial Council KPCVA Kosovo Property Comparison and Verification Agency K-Albanian Kosovo Albanian K-Ashkali Kosovo Ashkali K-Bosniak Kosovo Bosniak K-Egyptian Kosovo Egyptian K-Gorani Kosovo Gorani K-Roma Kosovo Roma K-Serb Kosovo Serb LGBT+ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual LYACs Local Youth Action Councils MCYS Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports MEST Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology MICS Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey MLSW Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare MPRC Missing Persons Resource Center NGO(s) Non-governmental organization(s) NPM National Preventive Mechanism ODIHR OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights OGG The Office of Good Governance, Human Rights, Equal Opportunities, and Non-Discrimination OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OiK Ombudsperson Institution of Kosovo OP-CAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PIK Police Inspectorate of Kosovo PPE Personal protective equipment SOC Serbian Orthodox Church SPRK Special Prosecution Office of Kosovo UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNSC United Nations Security Council Venice Commission European Commission for Democracy Through Law WGAD Working Group on Arbitrary Detention WGMP Working Group on Persons Unaccounted for in Relation to the Events in Kosovo WHO World Health Organization iii CIVIL SOCIETY REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOSOVO IN 2020 1. INTRODUCTION 1. The present report1 provides an overview of the human rights situation in Kosovo in 2020, including of the main problems and challenges to realizing human rights as well as human rights violations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights. It was prepared jointly by CSOs focused on protecting and promoting human rights in Kosovo with a view toward filling in an existing gap in joint reporting on human rights in Kosovo at the local and international levels, in addition to enhancing cooperation and coordination between them. This is the second report of its kind, following the publication of the first such report covering the period of 2019. 2. The report is structured into four main sections. Section A examines civil and political rights, including the right to humane treatment and the prohibition of torture; the right to liberty and security; the right to a fair trial and effective remedy; the freedom of expression and opinion, the right to information and the right to privacy; the freedom of peaceful assembly; the freedom of association; and the freedom of belief, conscience, and religion. Section B, in turn, analyses economic, social and cultural rights, in particular labour rights, the right to education, the right to health, property rights, and cultural rights. Section C evaluates the rights of specific persons or groups, including those of women; children; youth; non-majority communities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT+) persons; and people on the move. Finally, Section D addresses the cross-cutting issues of transitional justice, corruption and human rights, and human rights and the environment. 2. METHODOLOGY 3. The present report addresses the most pressing human rights issues and challenges in Kosovo chosen after thorough consideration of the local context and based on a consultative process with human rights CSOs in Kosovo and their inputs to the report. Even though the report is comprehensive, it is acknowledged that there are limitations in what has been covered. 4. The drafting process of this report was led by the principle of ensuring the participation of all CSOs that work in protecting and promoting human rights at the local and central levels in Kosovo. The information compiled and presented herein reflects the direct written inputs of several CSOs, desk research, and a consultative process between CSOs. Some CSOs provided direct written inputs, while other CSOs provided comments and suggestions to the report during in-person 1 This report is delivered at the conclusion of the second phase of a project called “Engaging with civil society on human rights monitoring and reporting” funded by the Human Rights Component of the United Nations Mission Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to strengthen the human rights monitoring and reporting capacities of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Kosovo. The views expressed herein are solely those of the contributing CSOs that have authored and produced this report. 1 and virtual consultation meetings. Desk research consisted of reviewing and gathering data from relevant human rights instruments; Kosovo’s Constitution and legislation; official documents and reports by Kosovo institutions such as the Ombudsperson Institution of Kosovo (OiK); reports of international organizations and foreign embassies operating in Kosovo; publications and reports by CSOs; and media reports. 5. The consultation process consisted of email correspondence as well as several consultations and drafting sessions that convened over 34 Kosovo CSOs working in different fields of human rights. The first consultation session was held online in November 2020, followed by another online drafting and mentoring meeting that was organized the same month. After the first round of inputs had been collected from the contributing CSOs, an in-person drafting session was organized in February 2021, where organizations had the opportunity to work together on the first draft of the report. During this meeting, an editing committee was created with the aim of having more CSOs involved in the process of editing the report. The committee was composed of representatives of five CSOs, namely, Advancing Together, Balkan Sunflowers Kosova, Center for Social Groups Development, Civil Rights Program Kosovo, and the Center for Legal Aid and Regional Development. A final email correspondence was done in April 2020 through which CSOs were given the opportunity to review the draft of the report, validate its findings and conclusions, and provide their comments and suggestions, which were then incorporated into the report. The drafting process and the editing of the report were facilitated