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Determination of Quifenadine by HPLC Method in Blood
ISSN 2311-715X (Print) Український біофармацевтичний журнал, № 3 (64) 2020 ISSN 2519-8750 (Online) UDC 615.218:001.891:543.42:543.544 https://doi.org/10.24959/ubphj.20.277 O.National Mamina, University V. Kabachny, of Pharmacy O. Lozova* of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine * Private Higher Educational Institution “Kyiv Medical University” determination of quifenadine by HPLC method in blood Topicality. - tion H1-histamine receptor blocker. The drug reduces the content of histamine in tissues due to the activation of the enzyme Quifenadine hydrochloride (phencarol) – quinuclidinyl-3-diphenyl carbinol hydrochloride – first genera- diamine oxidase, which breaks down up to 30 % of tissue histamine. Quifenadine hydrochloride is superior to diphenhy dramine in duration of antihistamine action. Unlike diphenhydramine and diprazine, quifenadine does not inhibit the CNS, is characterized by weak sedative properties. Quifenadine hydrochloride can be used in the development of tolerance to other sedative antihistamines. Quifenadine hydrochloride is used to treat anaphylactic shock, urticaria, hay fever, Quincke’s edema, dermatoses, allergic rhinitis, food and drug allergies. In case of overdose of quifenadine hydrochloride- chloridecauses dryness in pharmaceuticals of the mucous and membranes, biological headache, matrices duringvomiting, treatment stomach are pain based and dyspepsia.on the choice At highof highly doses, sensitive it can affect and the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. Detection and quantification of quifenadine hydro antihistamines and diagnosis of drug intoxication. selectiveAim. research methods, which is an urgent task for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of the population with Materials To develop and methods. an algorithm for directed analysis of quifenadine in biological extracts from blood using a unified method of HPLC research. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS
Pharmacology on your palms CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUGS DRUGS FROM DRUGS AFFECTING THE ORGANS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DIFFERENT DRUGS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TISSUES DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUPS Drugs affecting peripheral Antitumor drugs Drugs affecting the cardiovascular Antimicrobial, antiviral, Drugs affecting the nervous system Antiallergic drugs system antiparasitic drugs central nervous system Drugs affecting the sensory Antidotes nerve endings Cardiac glycosides Antibiotics CNS DEPRESSANTS (AFFECTING THE Antihypertensive drugs Sulfonamides Analgesics (opioid, AFFERENT INNERVATION) Antianginal drugs Antituberculous drugs analgesics-antipyretics, Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihelminthic drugs NSAIDs) Local anaesthetics Antihyperlipidemic drugs Antifungal drugs Sedative and hypnotic Coating drugs Spasmolytics Antiviral drugs drugs Adsorbents Drugs affecting the excretory system Antimalarial drugs Tranquilizers Astringents Diuretics Antisyphilitic drugs Neuroleptics Expectorants Drugs affecting the hemopoietic system Antiseptics Anticonvulsants Irritant drugs Drugs affecting blood coagulation Disinfectants Antiparkinsonian drugs Drugs affecting peripheral Drugs affecting erythro- and leukopoiesis General anaesthetics neurotransmitter processes Drugs affecting the digestive system CNS STIMULANTS (AFFECTING THE Anorectic drugs Psychomotor stimulants EFFERENT PART OF THE Bitter stuffs. Drugs for replacement therapy Analeptics NERVOUS SYSTEM) Antiacid drugs Antidepressants Direct-acting-cholinomimetics Antiulcer drugs Nootropics (Cognitive -
Prescribing Information for High-Dose Fexofenadine in the Management of Urticaria in Adults
1 Prescribing information for high-dose fexofenadine in the management of urticaria in adults This prescribing information document outlines the prescribing responsibilities between the specialist and GP. GPs are invited to participate. If the GP feels that such prescribing is outside their area of expertise or have clinical concerns about the safe management of the drug in primary care, then he or she is under no obligation to do so. In such an event, clinical responsibility for the patient’s health remains with the specialist. If a specialist asks the GP to prescribe, the GP should reply to this request as soon as practicable. Consultant details GP details Patient details Name: Name: Name: Address: Address: NHS Number: Email: Email: Date of birth: Contact number: Contact number: Contact: Introduction Fexofenadine is a second generation non-sedating H1-antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic disorders. Fexofenadine is a pharmacologically active metabolite of terfenadine. Licensed indication: In adults and children 12 years and older, the licensed dose is 180mg daily for the relief of symptoms associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Unlicensed indication (the focus of this document): As advised by Europeani and British Association of Dermatologistsii guidelines, doses of antihistamines up to four times the recommended daily dose may be used in the treatment of urticaria. Adult dosage and administration The licensed maximum recommended daily dose is 180mg once daily taken before a meal. Doses of up to four times the daily recommended dose have been used in the treatment of severe urticaria (unlicensed indication)i Available as: 30mg, 120mg and 180mg tablets Specialist responsibilities Provide patient/carer with relevant written information on the unlicensed use of high-dose fexofenadine and possible side-effects. -
Examination Questions
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS CHAPTER I. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PRESCRIPTION 1. Essence of pharmacology as a science. Parts and fields of modern pharmacology. The main terms and concepts of pharmacology – pharmacological activity, action, efficiency. 2. Sources and stages of drug development. Drugs – generics, placebo effects. Definition of such concepts as medicinal agent (medicinal drug, drug), medicinal substance, medicinal form. 3. Routes of drug administration into the body and their characteristic. Presystemic drug elimination. 4. Drug transfer through biological barriers and their types. The main factors influencing on the drug transfer in the body. 5. Drug transfer of variable ionization substances through membranes (Henderson-Hasselbach's equation of ionization). Principles of transfer management. 6. Drug transfer in the body. Aqueous diffusion and lipid diffusion (Fick's diffusion equation). Active transport. 7. Central postulate of pharmacokinetics: concentration of medicinal substance in blood plasma – the main parameter for management of the pharmacological effect. The tasks solved on the basis of this postulate. 8. Pharmacokinetic models (one-compartment and two-compartment), quantitative laws of absorption and drug elimination. 9. Bioavailability of drugs – definition, essence, quantitative expression, determinants. 10. Drug distribution in the body: compartments, ligands, the main determinants of distribution. 11. Elimination rate constant, its essence, dimension, connection with other pharmacokinetic parameters. 12. Excretion half-life of drugs, its essence, dimension, connection with other pharmacokinetic parameters. 13. Clearance as the main parameter of pharmacokinetics for management of the dosing regimen. Its essence, dimension and connection with other pharmacokinetic parameters. 14. Dose. Types of doses. Units of drug dosage. Aims of drug dosage, ways and variants of administration of drugs, dosing interval. -
The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. -
Antihistamines in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria I Jáuregui,1 M Ferrer,2 J Montoro,3 I Dávila,4 J Bartra,5 a Del Cuvillo,6 J Mullol,7 J Sastre,8 a Valero5
Antihistamines in the treatment of chronic urticaria I Jáuregui,1 M Ferrer,2 J Montoro,3 I Dávila,4 J Bartra,5 A del Cuvillo,6 J Mullol,7 J Sastre,8 A Valero5 1 Service of Allergy, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain 2 Department of Allergology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain 3 Allergy Unit, Hospital La Plana, Villarreal (Castellón), Spain 4 Service of Immunoallergy, Hospital Clínico, Salamanca, Spain 5 Allergy Unit, Service of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clínic (ICT), Barcelona, Spain 6 Clínica Dr. Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain 7 Rhinology Unit, ENT Service (ICEMEQ), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain 8 Service of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ■ Summary Chronic urticaria is highly prevalent in the general population, and while there are multiple treatments for the disorder, the results obtained are not completely satisfactory. The second-generation H1 antihistamines remain the symptomatic treatment option of choice. Depending on the different pharmacokinetics and H1 receptor affi nity of each drug substance, different concentrations in skin can be expected, together with different effi cacy in relation to the histamine-induced wheal inhibition test - though this does not necessarily have repercussions upon clinical response. The antiinfl ammatory properties of the H1 antihistamines could be of relevance in chronic urticaria, though it is not clear to what degree they infl uence the fi nal therapeutic result. Before moving on to another therapeutic level, the advisability of antihistamine dose escalation should be considered, involving increments even above those approved in the Summary of Product Characteristics. Physical urticaria, when manifesting isolatedly, tends to respond well to H1 antihistamines, with the exception of genuine solar urticaria and delayed pressure urticaria. -
Antihistamine Therapy in Allergic Rhinitis
CLINICAL REVIEW Antihistamine Therapy in Allergic Rhinitis Paul R. Tarnasky, MD, and Paul P. Van Arsdel, Jr, MD Seattle, Washington Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that is associated with a high incidence of mor bidity and considerable costs. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis are primarily depen dent upon the tissue effects of histamine. Antihistamines are the mainstay of therapy for allergic rhinitis. Recently, a second generation of antihistamines has become available. These agents lack the adverse effect of sedation, which is commonly associated with older antihistamines. Current practice of antihistamine therapy in allergic rhinitis often involves random selection among the various agents. Based upon the available clinical trials, chlorpheniramine appears to be the most reasonable initial antihistaminic agent. A nonsedating antihis tamine should be used initially if a patient is involved in activities where drowsiness is dangerous. In this comprehensive review of allergic rhinitis and its treatment, the cur rent as well as future options in antihistamine pharmacotherapy are emphasized. J Fam Pract 1990; 30:71-80. llergic rhinitis is a common condition afflicting some defined by the period of exposure to those agents to which A where between 15 and 30 million people in the United a patient is sensitive. Allergens in seasonal allergic rhinitis States.1-3 The prevalence of disease among adolescents is consist of pollens from nonflowering plants such as trees, estimated to be 20% to 30%. Two thirds of the adult grasses, and weeds. These pollens generally create symp allergic rhinitis patients are under 30 years of age.4-6 Con toms in early spring, late spring through early summer, sequently, considerable costs are incurred in days lost and fall, respectively. -
Quifenadine Hydrochloride/Thiethylperazine 591 Breast Milk; Its Active Metabolite, Fexofenadine, Was Excreted in 2
Quifenadine Hydrochloride/Thiethylperazine 591 breast milk; its active metabolite, fexofenadine, was excreted in 2. Honig P, et al. Effect of erythromycin, clarithromycin and azi- rhinitis (p.565) and conjunctivitis (p.564) and skin disorders such limited amounts. thromycin on the pharmacokinetics of terfenadine. Clin Pharma- as urticaria (p.565). col Ther 1993; 53: 161. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and oth- 3. Biglin KE, et al. Drug-induced torsades de pointes: a possible The maximum oral dose of terfenadine is 120 mg daily given ei- er chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 776–89. interaction of terfenadine and erythromycin. Ann Pharmacother ther as 60 mg twice daily or 120 mg in the morning; a starting Correction. ibid.; 1029. Also available at: 1994; 28: 282. dose of 60 mg daily in a single dose or in two divided doses is http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/ 4. Fournier P, et al. Une nouvelle cause de torsades de pointes: as- pediatrics%3b108/3/776 (accessed 08/04/04) recommended for rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Children who are sociation terfenadine et troleandomycine. Ann Cardiol Angeiol over 12 years of age and weigh more than 50 kg may receive the 2. Lucas BD, et al. Terfenadine pharmacokinetics in breast milk in (Paris) 1993; 42: 249–52. lactating women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57: 398–402. usual adult dosage. Antidepressants. Cardiac abnormalities have been reported in For dosage in renal impairment see below. Effects on the liver. Three episodes of acute hepatitis with 2 patients taking fluoxetine with terfenadine.1,2 Similarly, the use jaundice occurred in a patient taking terfenadine intermittently Administration in renal impairment. -
The Use of Central Nervous System Active Drugs During Pregnancy
Pharmaceuticals 2013, 6, 1221-1286; doi:10.3390/ph6101221 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals Review The Use of Central Nervous System Active Drugs During Pregnancy Bengt Källén 1,*, Natalia Borg 2 and Margareta Reis 3 1 Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Biskopsgatan 7, Lund SE-223 62, Sweden 2 Department of Statistics, Monitoring and Analyses, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm SE-106 30, Sweden; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 85, Sweden; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +46-46-222-7536, Fax: +46-46-222-4226. Received: 1 July 2013; in revised form: 10 September 2013 / Accepted: 25 September 2013 / Published: 10 October 2013 Abstract: CNS-active drugs are used relatively often during pregnancy. Use during early pregnancy may increase the risk of a congenital malformation; use during the later part of pregnancy may be associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth disturbances and neonatal morbidity. There is also a possibility that drug exposure can affect brain development with long-term neuropsychological harm as a result. This paper summarizes the literature on such drugs used during pregnancy: opioids, anticonvulsants, drugs used for Parkinson’s disease, neuroleptics, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressants, psychostimulants, and some other CNS-active drugs. In addition to an overview of the literature, data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (1996–2011) are presented. The exposure data are either based on midwife interviews towards the end of the first trimester or on linkage with a prescribed drug register. -
Inhibitory Effect of Terfenadine, a Selective H1 Histamine Antagonist, on Alcoholic Beverage-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Patients
Eur Respir J, 1995, 8, 619–623 Copyright ERS Journals Ltd 1995 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.95.08040619 European Respiratory Journal Printed in UK - all rights reserved ISSN 0903 - 1936 Inhibitory effect of terfenadine, a selective H1 histamine antagonist, on alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients S. Myou*, M. Fujimura**, K. Nishi*, T. Ohka*, T. Matsuda** Inhibitory effect of terfenadine, a selective H1 histamine antagonist, on alcoholic bever- *Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ishikawa age-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. S. Myou, M. Fujimura, K. Nishi, Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, T. Ohka, T. Matsuda. ERS Journals Ltd 1995. Japan. **The Third Dept of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of ABSTRACT: We wanted to evaluate the effect of terfenadine, a selective H1-recep- tor antagonist, on alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction. Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan. Eight patients with alcohol-induced asthma received terfenadine (60 mg, twice on Correspondence: S. Myou the test day) or placebo, with the last dosing 2 h before the test in a double-blind, The Third Dept of Internal Medicine randomized, cross-over manner. On two separate study days, each subject drank Kanazawa University School of Medicine the same brand and volume of alcoholic beverage (beer or Japanese saké), and bron- 13-1 Takara-machi choconstriction was assessed as change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) over 120 min Kanazawa 920 postchallenge. Inhalation challenges were performed with the same alcoholic bev- Japan erage with which they had been orally challenged. Keywords: Alcohol The mean (SEM) percentage fall in PEF 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the oral alcohol challenge was significantly reduced from 12.0 (3.1), 17.0 (1.7), 15.8 (2.3), asthma histamine 15.2 (3.4), 16.6 (4.8) and 14.7 (5.2) %, to 2.6 (1.8), 2.1 (1.6), 3.9 (1.2), 5.7 (2.2), 6.5 terfenadine (2.6), 5.1 (1.6) %, respectively, by terfenadine. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0081713 A1 Sharma Et Al
US 20100081713A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0081713 A1 Sharma et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 1, 2010 (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR (22) Filed: Mar. 18, 2009 TREATINGVIRAL INFECTIONS Related U.S. Application Data (75) Inventors: Geeta Sharma, Singapore (SG); (60) Provisional application No. 61/069,917, filed on Mar. Ralf Altmeyer, Singapore (SG); 19, 2008. Vishal Pendharker, Singapore (SG); Yu Chen, Singapore (SG); Publication Classification Michael Foley, Chestnut Hill, MA (51) Int. Cl. (US) A63L/35 (2006.01) A6II 3L/25 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A63L/35 (2006.01) Gearhart Law LLC A6II 3/13 (2006.01) 4 Femdale Avenue A6IP3L/2 (2006.01) Chatham, NJ 07928 (US) (52) U.S. Cl. .......... 514/459; 514/529; 514/647: 514/662 (73) Assignee: CombinatoRx, (Singapore) Pte. (57) ABSTRACT Ltd. The present invention provides compositions, methods, and kits for treating or preventing a viral infection (e.g., an infec (21) Appl. No.: 12/406,716 tion caused by an influenza virus). Patent Application Publication Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2010/0081713 A1 ------ 80 r -0. Vehicle 0.5% HPMC g - - Sertraline-30mg/kg/day - £ 60 “A Sertraline-100mg/kg/day/kg/day i -v. Oseltamivir-30mg/kg/day ...i -0. Oseltamivir-100mg/kg/day -0. (Sertraline 30mg/kg+ . 40 Prednisolone 0.1 mg/Kg) Figure 1 Patent Application Publication Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2010/0081713 A1 100 468OOO 2 O Wehicle Sentraline 10 mg/kg Sentraline 30mg/kg Setraline 100mg/kg Figure 2 US 2010/008 1713 A1 Apr.