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CRITICAL THEORY and AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism
CDSMS EDITED BY JEREMIAH MORELOCK CRITICAL THEORY AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism edited by Jeremiah Morelock Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for in- ternet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Se- bastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X. -
Beginning to WW II: Reichstag Fire and Assault on Democracy in Germany
H-War Beginning to WW II: Reichstag Fire and Assault on Democracy in Germany Discussion published by Wyatt Reader M.A. on Friday, August 6, 2021 Beginnings to WW II actually started befoe 1939 invasion by Germany of Poland; as early as the elections in 1930s, which brought Nazi Germans to the Govt. of Germany formed after WW I and its attempts to establish a Democracy within German following the loss during WW I and rule by an autocratic Monarchy in the Age of European Monarchies. Democracy suffered its first blows from the economic chaos created during the Great Depression and attempts to deal with economic collapse out of WW I. No attempt here to be the definitive recount to 20th Century History and its battle with despotism and dictatorship. However, it is worth relating these few online sources[3 of them] concerned with the Reichstag Fire, 4 months after the non-conclusive election in Germany created a need for coalition government due to lack of a clear political victory for Democracy's political leadership during the 1930s. Out of that shortfall, Nazi political party goals turned Germany on end by staging a false fire in the German Parliament of that day. The excuse claimed by Nazi's was Communist inspired threats had cause the burning of Germany's Parliament building[all too parallel to 1/6 US events]. This History of German internal political challenge to Democracy became the very Dictatorship that plunged the Nations and Peoples of the World into WW II and its murderous consequences for the US and beyond; it, also result in the consequences leading to shaping postwar 20th Century History down tto the very present times and latest generations. -
Jef Last's Zuiderzee: the Price of Progress
rI ! BASIL D. KINGSTONE, UNNERSITY OF WINDSOR I I Jef Last's Zuiderzee: The Price of Progress Jef Last was born in the Hague in 1898, the son of a of 1916 which finally leads the government to close off ship's captain. He attended Leiden University and the Zuiderzee, thr.ough the long hard struggle to connect studied Chinese, but while there he joined the socialist Wieringen to Holland, the closure of the Wieringermeer party, and his father promptly cut off his allowance. As and the creation of the Northwest Polder in 1930, and a result he took a variety of jobs during the 1920s, and the completion of the Afsluitdijk in 1932, to an undated in his choices we can see his future interests. His (and presumably imaginary) record-breaking storm and solidarity with the workers no doubt led him to protest flood which the great dyke successfully withstands. We at conditions in a textile mill where he worked, because see the lives, through this long period, of many people, there was a strike and he was fired. He was also a sailor but principally of the two fishermen Toen and Auke; in the merchant marine, and in later years he worked for Toen's sister Sistke and her second husband Wibren the seamen's union called the International Transport Sibesma, a Friesian peasant; his sister Boukje, and Federation. Once in New York he was a travelling another in-law, the engineer Brolsma, who is in charge salesman for a photographic portrait studio called of the dyke-building. -
We're Not Nazis, But…
August 2014 American ideals. Universal values. Acknowledgements On human rights, the United States must be a beacon. This report was made possible by the generous Activists fighting for freedom around the globe continue to support of the David Berg Foundation and Arthur & look to us for inspiration and count on us for support. Toni Rembe Rock. Upholding human rights is not only a moral obligation; it’s Human Rights First has for many years worked to a vital national interest. America is strongest when our combat hate crimes, antisemitism and anti-Roma policies and actions match our values. discrimination in Europe. This report is the result of Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and trips by Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke to Greece and action organization that challenges America to live up to Hungary in April, 2014, and to Greece in May, 2014, its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in as well as interviews and consultations with a wide the struggle for human rights so we press the U.S. range of human rights activists, government officials, government and private companies to respect human national and international NGOs, multinational rights and the rule of law. When they don’t, we step in to bodies, scholars, attorneys, journalists, and victims. demand reform, accountability, and justice. Around the We salute their courage and dedication, and give world, we work where we can best harness American heartfelt thanks for their counsel and assistance. influence to secure core freedoms. We are also grateful to the following individuals for We know that it is not enough to expose and protest their work on this report: Tamas Bodoky, Maria injustice, so we create the political environment and Demertzian, Hanna Kereszturi, Peter Kreko, Paula policy solutions necessary to ensure consistent respect Garcia-Salazar, Hannah Davies, Erica Lin, Jannat for human rights. -
The Reichstag Fire Trial
THE This is the third and last part of this series of articles on a criti REICHSTAG cal episode of modern times. The first two parts appeared in pre FIRE vious issues of LIBERA TION. by L BERNSTEIN Dimitrov, van der Lubbe, Goering. These are the characters, the main characters of the Reichstag fire trial. Goering the Nazi Minister; van der Lubbe, the scapegoat hireling; Dimitrov, the Communist revolutionary. Of the others there is little to say. They were accused, and they were defended. Dimitrov did not defend" himself; he attacked. Repeatedly, until the very end of the triel he demanded his right to bring counsel from abroad to appear on his behalf. To the end, his demands were refused by the court. In his last summing up to the court, he applied again, and failed again. , "I have no personal mistrust of Dr. Teicher" said Dimitrov of the German lawyer who assisted him in the preparation of his defence, "but in the present conditions in Germany I cannot have the necessary confidence in his official defence. For this rea son I am attempting to defend myself ... I do not wish to offend my party comrade Torgler, particularly as, in my opinion, his defending counsel has already offended him enough, but as far as I am concerned, I woidd sooner be sentenced to death by this court though innocent, than be acquitted by the sort of defence put forward by Dr. Sack (for Torgler.)" This statement is more than just the measure of the man; it is the spirit in which his defence was conducted. -
South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University POLS 165: Political Ideologies Concepts addressed: Political, economic systems & ideologies: Capitalism, socialism, communism, Marxism, Fascism, representative democracy, Democracy versus authoritarian systems Different: Fascism & Democracy • Democracy • Dignity of individual • Toleration of opposing ideas, parties • Protect individual rights • Equality before the law • Fascism • Statism • No toleration of opposing ideas, parties • No individual rights • No equality is advocated M-L Communism v Democracy • Dignity of individual; sense of morality & justice • Tolerate opposing parties • Individual rights: speech, press, religion, property rights • Only “morality”: what advances proletariat class • Not tolerate opposing parties • No individual rights; only class What Is Right or Left? • Degree of egalitarianism • Degree of change or stability often less important in recent century Main Ideas of Fascism • Irrationalism & use of myths, will rather than reason/philosophy) (M. 153) • Nationalism & violence; opposition to international law & order (M.151) • Authoritarianism, elitism, principle of leadership: Der Führer, Il Duce • Social Darwinism (struggle among humans & survival of fittest) • Repudiate parliamentary liberalism & bourgeois mentality • Group mind, volkgeist (spirit or will of people), escape from freedom • Corporatism (economy; organic society) Differences: Com & Fascism • M-L Comm • Class struggle divides society • State is mere superstructure • Egalitarian • Party as vanguard • Fascism • Unity, -
Transnational Neo-Nazism in the Usa, United Kingdom and Australia
TRANSNATIONAL NEO-NAZISM IN THE USA, UNITED KINGDOM AND AUSTRALIA PAUL JACKSON February 2020 JACKSON | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM About the Program on About the Author Extremism Dr Paul Jackson is a historian of twentieth century and contemporary history, and his main teaching The Program on Extremism at George and research interests focus on understanding the Washington University provides impact of radical and extreme ideologies on wider analysis on issues related to violent and societies. Dr. Jackson’s research currently focuses non-violent extremism. The Program on the dynamics of neo-Nazi, and other, extreme spearheads innovative and thoughtful right ideologies, in Britain and Europe in the post- academic inquiry, producing empirical war period. He is also interested in researching the work that strengthens extremism longer history of radical ideologies and cultures in research as a distinct field of study. The Britain too, especially those linked in some way to Program aims to develop pragmatic the extreme right. policy solutions that resonate with Dr. Jackson’s teaching engages with wider themes policymakers, civic leaders, and the related to the history of fascism, genocide, general public. totalitarian politics and revolutionary ideologies. Dr. Jackson teaches modules on the Holocaust, as well as the history of Communism and fascism. Dr. Jackson regularly writes for the magazine Searchlight on issues related to contemporary extreme right politics. He is a co-editor of the Wiley- Blackwell journal Religion Compass: Modern Ideologies and Faith. Dr. Jackson is also the Editor of the Bloomsbury book series A Modern History of Politics and Violence. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Program on Extremism or the George Washington University. -
Justice in the Justice Trial at Nuremberg Stephen J
University of Baltimore Law Review Volume 46 | Issue 3 Article 4 5-2017 A Court Pure and Unsullied: Justice in the Justice Trial at Nuremberg Stephen J. Sfekas Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr Part of the Fourteenth Amendment Commons, International Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Sfekas, Stephen J. (2017) "A Court Pure and Unsullied: Justice in the Justice Trial at Nuremberg," University of Baltimore Law Review: Vol. 46 : Iss. 3 , Article 4. Available at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr/vol46/iss3/4 This Peer Reviewed Articles is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Baltimore Law Review by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COURT PURE AND UNSULLIED: JUSTICE IN THE JUSTICE TRIAL AT NUREMBERG* Hon. Stephen J. Sfekas** Therefore, O Citizens, I bid ye bow In awe to this command, Let no man live Uncurbed by law nor curbed by tyranny . Thus I ordain it now, a [] court Pure and unsullied . .1 I. INTRODUCTION In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the common understanding was that the Nazi regime had been maintained by a combination of instruments of terror, such as the Gestapo, the SS, and concentration camps, combined with a sophisticated propaganda campaign.2 Modern historiography, however, has revealed the -
The Rise of Nazism and Militarism
EJ-SOCIAL, European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN: 2736-5522 The Rise of Nazism and Militarism Anping Yang 1 Abstract — The essay discusses the rise of Nazism and II. ECONOMIC RECESSION IN PREWAR GERMANY AND Militarism during interwar Germany and Japan. It compares JAPAN the similarities and differences that existed in the social, economic, and political environment of the two countries. The As is often the case, economic uncertainty drives social and essay approaches the topic by analyzing the cause and effect of political moods. Economic bases determine the distribution economic depression, social upheaval, and unique political of social divisions, that is to say, people are divided into propaganda. The paper intends to provide information about groups due to their different positions and relations by means circumstances when extremism revives, and thus to avoid of production. As a result, recessions and depression often similar conditions in the future. serve as the chief cause of cycles of upheaval, instability, and political change. For this reason, in order to understand the Index Terms — Economic Depression; Militarism; Nazism; World War. differences between the rise of extreme ideologies in both countries it is necessary to begin by looking at their respective I. INTRODUCTION economic histories. Germany and Japan’s dependence on foreign investments created economically fragile conditions, On November 21, 1945, twenty-two Nazi military and contributing to their inability to respond to external financial political leaders were investigated in the Nuremberg Trials in shocks, and inducing government bankruptcy and recession. Germany. Twenty-four major war criminals and seven The primary cause, somehow, was the misguided measures organizations were accused of war crimes by the tribunal, and taken by the government based on inaccurate predictions ten defendants were executed after the adjudication. -
2020-1488-Cons
THE WEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES GRIEVANCE BOARD EDWARD SMARR and JOSHUA SCHULTHEISZ, Grievants, v. Docket No. 2020-1488-CONS DIVISION OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION/ BUREAU OF PRISONS AND JAILS/ ST. MARYS CORRECTIONAL CENTER AND JAIL, Respondent. DECISION Grievants, Edward Smarr and Joshua Schultheisz, were employed by Respondent, Division of Corrections and Rehabilitation, at St. Marys Correctional Center and Jail (SMCCJ). Respondent dismissed Grievants during their probationary period of employment. On January 17, 2020, Grievant Schultheisz filed his grievance (Docket No. 2020- 0858-MAPS) stating, “Wrongfully accused of actions according to WV DCR, Commissioner, and Governor. Religious representation sought by state officials before investigation concluded. Wrongful Termination Resulting in permanent dismissal. Penalized for following orders from senior officer.” As relief, he requests, “Public apology from all who slandered and settlement for troubled times.”1 On January 19, 2020, Grievant Smarr filed his grievance (Docket No. 2020-0822-MAPS) stating the same. 1“The remedy of a public apology is not available as relief from this Grievance Board.” Lawrence v. Bluefield State Coll., Docket No. 2008-0666-BSC (June 19, 2008); Emrick v. Wood County Bd. of Educ., Docket No. 03-54-300 (Mar. 9, 2004); Hall v. W. Va. Div. of Corr., Docket No. 89-CORR-687 (Oct. 19, 1990). The undersigned will not further address Grievants’ request for an apology. 1 Grievants filed directly to level three of the grievance process.2 The two grievances were consolidated into the current action on June 5, 2020. A level three hearing was held on July 8, 2020, before the undersigned at the Grievance Board’s Westover, West Virginia office. -
Golden Dawn and the Right-Wing Extremism in Greece
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Golden Dawn and the Right-Wing Extremism in Greece Lymouris, Nikolaos November 2013 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/106463/ MPRA Paper No. 106463, posted 08 Mar 2021 07:42 UTC Golden Dawn and the Right-Wing Extremism in Greece Dr Nikolaos Lymouris London School of Economics - Introduction There is an ongoing controversy as to whether extreme right has been a longstanding political phenomenon in Greece or whether it is associated with the ongoing economic crisis. The first view suggests that the extreme right ideology has been an integral part of modern Greek political history because of its tradition of far-right dictatorships. The other view emphasizes the fact that the extreme right in Greece never actually existed simply because of the lack of a nationalist middle class. In effect, the emergence of Golden Dawn is simply an epiphenomenon of the economic crisis. At the same time, a broad new trend was adopted not only by the mass media but also -unfortunately– the academia in order to expand – by using false criteria - the political boundaries of the extreme right, to characterize as many parties as possible as extreme right. In any case, the years after the fall of the Greek junta (from 1974 until today) there are mainly two right-wing parties in the Greek political life: the “United Nationalist Movement” (ENEK in its Greek acronym), a fridge organisation acted during the mid 80’s and has ceased to exist, and the Golden Dawn, whose electoral success provoked an important political and social debate. -
Document Contains 1,126 Words
No. 19-351 ================================================================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, a foreign state, and STIFTUNG PREUSSICHER KULTURBESITZ, Petitioners, v. ALAN PHILIPP, et al., Respondents. --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- On Writ of Certiorari To The United States Court of Appeals For The D.C. Circuit --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- JOINT APPENDIX --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- JONATHAN M. FREIMAN NICHOLAS M. O’DONNELL Counsel of Record Counsel of Record TADHG DOOLEY ERIKA L. TODD BENJAMIN M. DANIELS SULLIVAN & WORCESTER LLP DAVID R. ROTH One Post Office Square WIGGIN AND DANA LLP Boston, MA 02109 265 Church Street (617) 338-2814 P.O. Box 1832 [email protected] New Haven, CT 06508-1832 Counsel for Respondents (203) 498-4400 [email protected] DAVID L. HALL WIGGIN AND DANA LLP Two Liberty Place 50 S. 16th Street Suite 2925 Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 998-8310 Counsel for Petitioners Petition For Certiorari Filed September 16, 2019 Certiorari Granted July 2, 2020 ================================================================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Relevant Docket Entries from the United States District Court for the District