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Phase 1 Program Joint Report George C NASASP-1999-6108/(In English) Phase 1 Program Joint Report George C. Nield and Pavel Mikhailovich Vorobiev,Editors January 1999 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected science. The NASA Scientific and Technical papers from scientific and technical confer- Information (STI) Program Office plays a key ences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings part in helping NASA maintain this important sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and mission, often NASA’s scientific and technical information. concerned with subjects having substantial The NASA STI Program Office provides access public interest. to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. in the world. The Program Office is also English-language translations of foreign NASA’s institutional mechanism for scientific and technical material pertinent to disseminating the results of its research and NASA’s mission. development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Specialized services that complement the STI Series, which includes the following report Program Office’s diverse offerings include types: creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of results . even providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data Program Office, see the following: or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at technical data and information deemed to be http://www.sti.nasa.gov of continuing reference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer-reviewed formal • E-mail your question via the Internet to professional papers but has less stringent [email protected] limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release (301) 621-0390 reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not • Write to: contain extensive analysis. NASA Access Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and 7121 Standard technical findings by NASA-sponsored Hanover, MD 21076-1320 contractors and grantees. NASASP-1999-6108/(In English) Phase 1 Program Joint Report George C. Nield and Pavel Mikhailovich Vorobiev Chief U. S. Editor Chief Russian Editor ' January 1999 PREFACE This report consists of inputs from each of the Phase 1 Program Joint Working Groups. Most of the material was written and agreed to during a Team 0 Management Working Group Meeting at the NASA Johnson Space Center, July 13-16, 1998. For this report, the Working Groups were tasked to describe the organizational structure and work processes that they used during the program, joint accomplishments, lessons learned, and applications to the International Space Station Program. The primary authors for each section are listed at the beginning of the section, along with a list of the members of the related Working Group. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Russian and American Working Group Chairmen, or their designated representatives, approved the technical content of their sections. Editing of the report has primarily been limited to formatting and layout changes. Although having multiple authors resulted in some overlap and style differences between the sections, it offered the significant advantage that each subject area write-up was prepared and approved by the appropriate technical experts. The report is intended to be a top-level joint reference document that contains information of interest to both countries. Detailed scientific and technical results, crew consensus reports, and material that only apply to a single country's programs or operations are to be published separately. Participants in the Team 0 Management Working Group meetings held prior to launch of STS-89 Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7121 Standard 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 Price Code: A17 Price Code: A10 ,, CONTENTS 3$*( Preface……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. II List of Tables and Figures……..…………………………………………………………….………….V - VI 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1. How the Phase 1 Program Started 1.2. Objectives and Working Group Structure 2. Program Description……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 2.1. Description of the Mir-Shuttle and Mir-NASA Programs 2.2. The Mir Space Station’s Flight Program in 1994 - 98 2.3. Phase 1 Joint Mission Information 2.4. Shuttle Mission Preparation Joint Milestones 3. Shuttle Integration With Mir…………………………………………………………………………….…33 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Structure/Process/Organization Relationships 3.3. Joint Accomplishments 3.4. Docking System 3.5. Lessons Learned/Applicability to ISS 4. Cargo Delivery and Return…………………………………………………………………………………57 4.1. Summary Data on Cargo Delivered to/Returned From the Mir Under the Mir Shuttle/Mir-NASA Programs 4.2. List of Russian Cargo on Shuttle Flights to the Mir Station 4.3. Unique Features of Mir-Shuttle and Mir-NASA Orbiter Flights With Respect to Russian Cargo Accommodation 4.4. Principal Stages of Orbiter Processing for Carrying Russian Logistics 4.5. Parties’ Primary Accomplishments Under Mir-Shuttle/Mir-NASA Programs 5. Joint Shuttle-Mir Operations…………………………………………………………………………….105 5.1. Mission Control and Real-Time Operations During Shuttle Docking Flights 5.2. Operations During the Long-Duration Missions 6. Safety Assurance Process…………………………………………………………………………………129 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Documentation Structure 6.3. Policies and Ground Rules 6.4. Top Safety Joint Accomplishments 6.5. Top Safety Lessons Learned 6.6. Conclusions 7. Crew Training……………………………………………………………………..………………………143 7.1. Overview of Crew Training 7.2. Training of Astronauts in Russia 7.3. Mir Station Systems and Soyuz TM Training 7.4. Training in the Soyuz TM Integrated Simulator 7.5. Training of Astronauts on Mir Orbital Complex Simulators and System Mockups 7.6. Conclusions and Proposals for the Overall Astronaut Training Program 7.7. Training for Cosmonauts in the U.S. 7.8. Crew Training for Execution of the Science Program 7.9. NASA Astronaut Training for the Mir EVA Program 7.10. Summary of Mir-NASA Crew Training 8. Joint EVA Working Group……………………………………………………………………………….179 8.1. Executive Summary 8.2. Structures/Processes/Relationships 8.3. Certificate of Flight Readiness (COFR) Process 8.4. Training 8.5. Accomplishments 8.6. Lessons Learned 8.7. Summary of Joint Cosmonaut-Astronaut EVA ,,, &217,18(' 3$*( 9. Medical Support………………………………………………………………………………...…………193 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Goals 9.3. Principles and Structure 9.4. Evaluating Crew Health and Medical Monitoring 9.5. General Crew Training Overview 9.6. Astronaut Training 9.7. Biomedical Crew Training 9.8. Role of Russian Flight Surgeons 9.9. Conclusions and Recommendations for the Overall Medical Support Program 9.10. Accomplishments and Lessons Learned 9.11. Summary of the Medical Support Group’s Accomplishments 10. Crew Operations on Mir……………………………………………………………………………..…..233 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Joint Activities of Mir and Shuttle Crews 10.3. NASA Astronaut Crew Transfers 10.4. Accomplishments 10.5. Objectives 10.6. Crew Responsibilities 10.7. EVA Operations 10.8. Interactions of the Russian-American Crews With the Main Real-Time Operations Management Group and the NASA Consultant Group at MCC-M 10.9. Conclusions and Recommendations 11. Science Program……..…………………………………………………………………………..……….243 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Mission Science Working Group (WG-4) 12. NASA Russian Public Affairs Working Group (WG-1) Report...…………………………………….285 12.1. Responsibilities 12.2. Structure 12.3. Accomplishments 12.4. Lessons Learned and Applications to ISS 13. Applications to the International Space Station (ISS) …………………………….…………………..291 13.1. Unique Issues 13.2. Use of Shuttle for the Space Station Logistics Support 13.3. Interaction Between International Crews 13.4. Space Station System Serviceability Over a Long-Term Mission 13.5. Experience in Off-Nominal Situations Recovery 13.6. Joint Ground Operations With Logistics Items 13.7. Research of Station Environment 13.8. Russian/U.S. Cargo Integration 13.9. Development of Joint Documents 13.10. Experience Gained in Joint Shuttle/Mir Complex Control From MCC-H/MCC-M 13.11. Science Research Accomplishments 13.12. Combining Experience of Two Space Engineering Schools 14. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………..….303 15. Acronym List……………………………………………………………………………………………305 ,9 TABLES AND FIGURES Section Table/Figure Name Table/ Page No. Figure No. 1.0 Phase 1 Joint Working Group Structure 1.1 4 - 6 2.0 Mir/NASA Integrated Flight Schedule 2.1 15 - 19 Dates and complement of U.S. long-duration missions on board Mir 2.2 20 Dates and complement of Phase 1 Missions 2.3 21 - 24 0002 Joint Milestones Template, Long-Duration
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